Walton on Trent Conservation Area

Character Statement

2013 CONSULTATION DRAFT

SOUTH DERBYSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement

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Contents Contents ea Analysis Conservation Area Approaches Details Building Materials and Views Historic Development

Appendix Distinctive architectural details Conservation Area Map Conservation Area Description Loss and Damage    Area of Archaeological Potential Area of Archaeological Potential Conservation Ar  Introduction Summary Walton-on-Trent LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character By the later19 park. fresh siteoverlooking theriver.This wasasplendidbuilding,quitecompact, with asmall down andeventuallyfellintodecay.In1724-29anewhall(WaltonHall)wasbuilton subdivided ortheir sitesredevelopedinto first halfofthe19 substantial Hallandparklandatthesouthern large timber-framedhouses,owned In the17 which cameaboutasaresultofitsstrategic although theformofvillageisprobably the RiverTrent.Theimmediate areahasconsiderableevidenceofIron Ageoccupation Walton-on-Trent liesin theTrent valley,just to Summary Council on16thJanuary1992. The WaltononTrentConservation Areawas designated bySouth judgements onthemerits of enhancement. Thisdocumentwillbeused assesses thedegreeofdamagetothatspecia that makesthecharacterandappearanceofWa South Derbyshire DistrictCouncil.It setsout th This statement hasbeenproduced Introduction  The distinctive characteristics ofWalton-on-Trent canbe summarised asfollows: characteristic, even in the depths ofwinter. andsettingforthehistoric bui foreground Hall Farm.Thesetreesandshrubs havema enhance thesetting ofthelargehouses – no shrubs, manyevergreenspecies consciously pl individual merit. Alongwith this development, the village was heavily planted with treesand The 18 character. exception, andinpartitisthiscontributionthathasgiventhevillageitspicturesque into thecountryside andmadetheirmarkon Walton-on-Trent undulating landscape a linearriverfrontage settlement, formed th and19 th centurythevillagewaswelloff bythe standardsofthedayandhada number of Conservation Area Conservation th century several ofthelocalindustrialists from Burton-on-Trent had moved th century development ofthe villageleft anumberofdistinct buildings of th century,however, manyofthesehousesappeartohavebeen developmentapplications.

byMelMorris Conservationfor,and in associationwith, by yeomenfarmersupuntilthe18 smaller cottages.Theoldhallhadbecomerun 1 importance ata crossingpointofthe river. tably Walton Hall,The OldRectoryand Barr relatedtothe medieval settlement pattern, tured andtoday provideaverdantand rich thelocalvillages.Wa by the Council when making professional by theCouncilwhenmakingprofessional l interestandthusopportunitiesforfuture ldings. Thelushenvironment isa strong perimeter of theconservation area.Bythe anted tocreatepicturesqueeffectsand lton-on-Trent worthyofprotection.Italso e specialhistoric andarchitecturalinterest thesouthofBurton,oneastbank by MainStreet, located withinagently

lton-on-Trent wasno Derbyshire District th century,witha

LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement

th centuries, characterised by highly centuries, characterised th of the settlement. It has been carried settlement. of the the roadside, and standing as individual and standing roadside, the t from the medieval period up until the the medieval period up until t from defining boundaries to fields, forming fields, forming boundaries to defining dges and an unusually high degree of 19 high dges and an unusually and 19 defined through an assessment of the known vation area in consultation with the County the with area in consultation vation th century and “Old English” style timber-framed “Old English” and century 2 th

centuries th View of Walton Hall from the riverside and 20 century century th th century conifer planting (particularly yew) planting century conifer buildings of the 18 prominent brick present day in a gradual progression, with a building surviving from almost every building surviving a with gradual progression, a present day in 19 decade of the decorative details decorative details houses of the 17 true timber-framed houses of the 19 developmen a long uninterrupted history of a small rural village with agricultural roots agricultural roots village with a small rural impressive trees of mature and a wealth plantations and soft, broad, planted edges to planted edges and soft, broad, plantations the larger fields clumps within or specimens privet and mixed native he common use of Area of Archaeological Potential

An area of archaeological potential has been  archaeological, documentary and plan-form evidence out as part of the review of each conser Archaeologist, and the Development Control Archaeologist the Sites and Monuments Council. County Record Officer at Derbyshire      LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character with themain cartaccesstothelocal windmill, possible that this washeavily used inassociation junction orcrossroads opposite the church.It is dropping fromthehigher groundtotheriverata cuttingacrossRoslistonRoadand or holloway, character ofCotonRoadsuggestsanearlyroute ford crossingontheRiverTrent. Thesunken fromthehi thoroughfare Coton Roadmayhaveformedthemain taken outof theopen field system earlyon. thin parcels,suggesting perhapsthat thesewere Rosliston Roadthelandwasdivided intolong between the fields, which emerges besideNo.2 south-east. RoslistonRoadconti the RoslistonRoad,aswellCotonfrom represented byBellsEndRoadand suggeststhatthereweretworo Map regression appears tohavedevelopedinassociation with a Like manysettlements thatwe meaning afarmsteadorvillage. “tun” Walton isderivedfromtheOldEnglish“wealh”meaningCelticorforeignerand number ofstylisticfeaturesthatsuggesteven earlierAngloSaxonorigins.Thename indicating that itwas a well at whichtime itwasaroyal Achur manor. north sideoftheconservation area.Thevillagewasmentioned in excavation hasindicated possiblefurther IronAgesettlement within thefloodplain,on ancientfieldboundariesandrecentarchaeological and ridge andfurrowcropmarks Age. The CountySites andMonuments Record site ofa hill-fort,BoroughHill,a Scheduled and activity. Immediately outside the conservati This partof the Trentvalleyis peppered with Walton onTrentislocatedtheeastbank Historic Development Conservation AreaAnalysis conservation area. an areaofarchaeologicalpotentialneednot Over the centuries, assettlem below ground. evidencerelatingtothemediev archaeological potential Within theareaofarchaeological post-medieval periods. the probableextentofsettlementandindustrialactivityduringmedievaland/or non-statutory siteinformationfromtheDerb Scheduled AncientMonumentsandRegisteredHistoric potentialmayencomp An areaofarchaeological gh ground down to the gh grounddowntothe -established communitybythen. The present churchhasa ents growanddevelop,their nued straightonintheline of re established adjacenttothe River, Walton-on-Trent 3 ch andpriest’shousewerementionedin1086, Ancient MonumentbelievedtobeoftheIron necessarily coincide with the boundaryofthe yshire Sites and MonumentsRecord. It shows oftheRiverTrent,bordering Staffordshire. archaeological evidence archaeological al and/orpostmedievalperiods maysurvive there maybereasonableexpectationthat 5 MainStreet.Between Bells End Roadand on area,tothesouth-west, is the 7½-acre utes comingintothevillage fromtheeast, ass bothstatutorydesignations(including has a number ofentriesforearthworks, major crossingpoint,inthiscaseaford. Coton Road within deep cutting deepcutting within Coton Road ak ad adn) n other and Gardens) and Parks focus mayshift.Consequently, the public footpath that runs the publicfootpaththatruns DomesdayBook(1086), ofearlyoccupation LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement the natural contours. No.64. Interestingly, a te for an early manor of the Ferrers family. This family. This of the Ferrers that were taxed, of which 7 which that were taxed, of did sometimes change location did a bridge crossing the river slightly a bridge crossing the river slightly than be part of s left a mound in the field to the west of in the s left a mound does seem to run straight towards this does seem to run straight towards tural area indicates a village of relative tural area indicates a sult of more recent excavation to make a excavation sult of more recent rd or ferry.the original that It is possible bridge? Certainly the present road from present road bridge? Certainly the as “a very eligible field of accommodation as “a very eligible the road alignment. This may have at one may have at one alignment. This the road rwoven with narrow access paths, one of southern end of the village, more or less southern end of the village, more platforms in the field north of the Old Hall platforms in the field north Only 12 properties were occupied by poor Only 12 properties were east side of Main Street are clues to the are clues Main Street east side of lly wider than at present, particularly at the at present, than lly wider r. The most likely si r. The most likely ovide a vantage point or does it represent ovide a vantage the north and the present bridge crossing. crossing. the north and the present bridge rquis of Townshend, who was related to the the rquis of Townshend, who was related to ing shifted at a later ing shifted of the road be e course oad on the brow of the hill at Windmill Bank. hill at Windmill brow of the oad on the maining fragment was consolidated for use as e same and forming an importante same and forming frontage to htly higher and better-drained ground. The better-drained htly higher and ground appears to have had some localised some localised to have had appears ground meets in the garden of ootpaths also converge on this point from the community and was relatively prosperous. The community 4 a village with 57 properties ute of this deep cutting. It is interesting, as it appears to appears to as it interesting, is It cutting. deep of this ute e ancestral home of a branch Borough Hill. Ford crossings and there is documentary evidence for two crossings at Walton. Main Street does appear two crossings for documentary evidence and there is which it to the river, gradually down to lead (Greenwood) shows map of the County of 1830 at the bridge, Bailey current upstream of the house is the Old Hall (long ruined before a re Hearth Tax Returns (1664) indicate had 2 or more hearths, and 38 had one hearth. in an agricul which returns, the unable to pay time. this prosperity at Amongst the standing buildings on the south- medieval form of the village. Cottages are inte another earlier archaeological feature? another earlier archaeological feature? was that a bridge 1834 only in variations. It was was prone to massive seasonal The Trent by the fo then, the river was crossed built. Until been where it could have bridge, current upstream of the ford crossing was slightly further at hill fort overlooked by the a temporary opposite Walton Hall. Was this from the west Barton Turn approaching Walton of f a number river of the side east On the fields around Walton Hall. Earl of Walton was transferred from the Saxon Conquest the ownership After the Norman royal mano became a Alfgar to the king and it a garage). Walton Old Hall was th some or relate in village a shrunken that these represent been a suggestion and there has way to the Old Hall. The village supported a largely agricultural Was this an enhanced mound, designed to pr Was this an enhanced mound, divert off to possible crossing point and then Ma of the possession the came into eventually of building a number Ferrers family. There are smooth transition down to the junction, which ha which to the junction, down smooth transition which was once located at the top of Coton R top of located at the once which was the school the plantation near the Within following deep ditch a and there is excavation th with holloway, of a sunken part time been road alignment on slig current the date to part of the on the Tithe Map and was adjoining 5-acre field is shown plantation and the in 1909 and then described Ratcliff estate sold Plantation adjoining th the land, together with Road”. the Coton re of Coton Road may be the The current depth may also have been origina the road. The road of the road the width houses have reduced encroachment, With Main Street. junction with to the embanked earthwork within the field raised, The large, where it meets Main Street. ro west of Coton Road follows the mound, rather contain an exaggerated, man-made LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character before theswatheof18 There isno enclosuremap,asmostofthelandhadbeenenclosedbyprivateagreement west beyond the site oftheOldHallandno appears tohavebeen built acrossa medieval Staffordshire, aconceitthatwouldnothaveb from Barton-under-Needwood,asitisthefirs was locatedonthehillside abovetheriverto built in1724-29 forWilliamTaylor,probablyona to theearlierhall(The was then called Hall Orchard. Itwas criss-cr beginning of the19 letters. This provides acluetothe increase in route, and HillFarmandOatlands, just outsid Greenwood’s mapofthe Countyof1830shows with Rosliston. Bells End Roadisshown onlyas asmallsideroad. one fromCoton(nowRoad)totheso south, onefromDrakelowtothenorthand leading into thevillage, by “D. Taylor Esq.”There werethreeroads Ferry” andWaltonHallisnotedasoccupied construction ofthe bridge. Itmarks out“a 1791) showsWalton-on-Trentbeforethe Derbyshire (Burdett’smap of1767,updatedin The earliestdetailedcountymapof enclosure agreements. Farm -that mayhavefollowedprivate some largeindependentfarms–e.g.BarrHall mid 18 growthinthe There wasaburstofagricultural Walton in1652-3survives,butth Walton Hall,the 18 the churchyard, theroad, riveran or thelocationforanearliersettlement.Th man-made earthwork–alevelpl between the northernpointofthechurchyard church, although thisis atpresent inconclusi early occupation. Ithasbeensuggestedthat Within theconservationarea,to thenorth of Leedhams Croft. Road (andbehind)andthepropertiesfronting largely unchanged,since1841.Evidenceofthissamepatterncanbeseenat1-11BellsEnd Road arepreserved in thelong,narrow, strips frontage. TracesofthisoldpatternmedievalenclosurebetweenMainStreetandCoton Coton Road.These would havebeen farmed by narrow plotsoflandbehindeachfrontage pr which ispreserved asapublicfootpath.Thes th century evident in the creationof th century. th centurybrickmansioninthemiddl Old Hall)oranother,thewhereaboutsunknown. one fromCattontothe th century enclosure acts. A privateagreement for theenclosureof atform –that mayindicate either an extended churchyard ere isnoaccompanyingmap. d WarrenFarmwasundivided inthe19 rth-east behind theMainStreet properties. 5 ossed with footpaths. Thename mayberelated ve. Closertothechurch, sweepingin anarc e wholeofthis largefield extendingbetween fieldboundarythatco t thing you see on approaching Walton from t thingyouseeonapproachingWaltonfrom there is amoatedsitetothenorthof operty (crofts andtofts) thestatusoflargefarms intheareaby wall and the end of Bells End Road, is a large wall andtheendofBellsEnd Road,isalarge make themostofviewsandtobeseen e gaps provided access to outbuildings and e gapsprovidedaccesstooutbuildingsand the church, there is possible evidence for een entertainedforanyordinaryhouse.It uth east.Therewasnodirectlinkshown ofland.Theseboundarieshavesurvived, e the village, areclearly marked inlarge theeastsideofCo previously undevelopedsite.Certainly,it The handsome frontage of Barr Hall Farm BarrHallFarm of frontage Thehandsome theoccupierofpropertyon the road toRoslistonasaformalised e ofthe conservation area, was ntinues tothesouth- ton Road,asfar , reaching as far as , reachingasfar

th centuryand LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement century, century. th th century. century. th century and 19 ll buildings running along the ll buildings th ndows. At the time of the 1841 Tithe Tithe 1841 of the time ndows. At the ree principal landowners in the village: Sir in ree principal landowners the village lock-up and pinfold, a smithy and a smithy and and pinfold, the village lock-up these, two of the houses still stand (nos.36 still stand (nos.36 these, two of the houses and no. 44. These include a butchers shop a butchers and no. 44. These include into three cottages, to which were added added were into three cottages, to which a into turned been Barn Farm Cottage had separate small house by 1841. It was created out of the pre-existing barn, to an a small extension, was added which unusual arrangement at this time. Although the land did pass on to new landowners through generations of the same family or by private sale, the blocks or parcels of land and ownership distribution remained the same, more or less intact, until the beginning of the 20 There were some minor private exchanges There were some minor private exchanges between the estates, but nothing significant. but nothing significant. estates, the between te, which included Walton Hall, was then Hall, was then Walton included te, which by 1908 (Kelly’s Directory) to Henry Anson Anson Henry to by 1908 (Kelly’s Directory) not only the trades or occupations of the of the trades or occupations the not only the Tithe Map of 1841, and this provides a and this provides Map of 1841, the Tithe e pattern of development indicates a growth a indicates of development pattern e s. 46-54 Main Street is a good example where nd owned by Right Honourable Sir Robert John nd owned by Right Honourable 6 lls. This was demolished in the 20 demolished in was lls. This the second half of the 18 p there were a cluster of sma p there were a rly served as the residence for some small independent ne), Marquis Townshend and the Rector who owned the the Rector who owned and ne), Marquis Townshend had some respectable status. century, by the time of the Tithe Award some of the houses some of the Award of the Tithe time by the century, th the village looks today. today. the village looks Barn Farm Cottage perhaps for agricultural labourers, as farms became bigger but less numerous, or as became bigger as farms perhaps for agricultural labourers, houses were yeoman of the larger houses. Several the servants’ accommodation for terrace no subdivided into smaller units. The was subdivided the original house (nos. 50-54) to have been unified in appearance the by rendering another three cottages. They appear wi casement inserting matching brickwork and one large dwelling. Road was Award, Nos.7-11 Bells End At the time of the 1841 Tithe Ma Main Street between the Rectory north side of and yard, a shoemakers shop house and garden, saddlers shop and a number of small houses. Of had been subdivided into smaller cottages. Th into smaller cottages. subdivided had been in in demand for small cottages is Walton-on-Trent major map of The next of informationgreat deal village, about the of land ownership. This t also the pattern the land, bu and users of various householders way the helps to explain th were there Award Tithe of the time At the esta Knight (his Disbrowe Edward Cromwell Gisbor occupied by Matthew the lay between glebeland, which incumbent who owned some a previous Rectory and river. Rectory and the also la there was the village Slightly outside down passed Wilmot Baronet, whose land had the south. In addition to the principal lies just to the south. In addition to the Horton Esq. of Catton Hall, which property, and individuals who owned their own landowners, there were four freeholders, that the village this denoted Although the village had clea yeomen farmers in the 16 a toll-house from which the “Proprietors of the “Proprietors from which was a toll-house in 1834 and there bridge opened The toll their to Bridge” extracted Walton LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character with alate19 Revival style andthusimbuedthe village time, Ratcliff chosetobuild in the Gothic was notunusual.Inthefashionof decorative brickworkandhalf-timbering were built.Thechoiceofmouldedand 19 MainStreet and7- Whilst under theownershipofRichard Ratcliffit appearsthattheestatestylecottages, 17- known asHillCroft). Hill CroftwithStable,Coach- modern propertiesnos.58and60MainStreet) Street, withtheyardsand gardensrunningdown Main Street), three houses called “Yew Tree Co Inn”, apairofsemi-detached“VillaResidences” The estateparticularsshowthatthe estate (National MonumentsRecord– Solney atthistime.Ratcliffst The Ratcliffs, abrewingfamilyofBurton,we Ridgeway andthenintu The estatebelongingtoMa Burton-on-Trent andthenearbyrailway modern joinery.In1929 theWalt Ladle EndLane, BarnFarm Cottage).There ma Disbrowe familyofWalton Hallattheturn ofthe20 horizontal bars.Theseare quitedistinctive and number ofpropertieswithacommon pattern Estate villagesareoftenunifiedbycommon Townshend’s estate). (in 1841theywerepartofMarquis probably designedbythesamearchitect with BoroughHillFarm,andwere and schoolhousehavestrongsimilarities Walton Hallestate.Theformerschool character wascompletely unrelatedtothe that hadnotexisteduntil this time. This 19 Walton’s predominantcharacterasanagricultu built circa1850,andformatightgroup atthejunction. the cornerofMainStreetand Bells End Road set backfrom theroad;theyfall onanearlierbuildingalignment.Thepropertiesthatturn would explain whythebuildings roadside encroachmentontoaslightlylargerjunction, possibly aformervillagegreen.This Plot no.112ontheTitheMap(nowsiteofschoolmastershouse)wasprobablya properties nos.40and42. and 38).Theremainderhavebeenreplaced th century,whenlocal employmentextended outsidethe villageto thebreweriesof th centuryestate character 11 Bells End Road, rn to Richard Ratcliff EsquireofBass,RatcliffandGrettonin1875. ill ownedtheesta rquis Townshendwassoldin house, outbuildings,Yard,Gard sale particulars–SC00206). onplots110and113(now on Hallestatewasbroken up. line atBartonandWaltonStation. 7 of Richard Ratcliff included “The White Swan of RichardRatcliffincluded“TheWhiteSwan with theVillageHallof1920andmodern te in1895butitwassoldatauction1909 also appeartobearoadsideencroachment, joinery patterns.Interestingly,there area relate toproperties in the ownership ofthe ral settlement remained untiltheend ofthe re alsoextendingtheir estateinNewton anda“newlyerectedresidenceknownas frontingtheMainStr ttages situateonthewe of casementwindows with twoorthree y havebeenmore,recently replaced with to theRiver Trent”(nowreplacedwith th century (i.e.46-54 MainStreet,7 1855tohisagentMrJames 19 MainStreet The Shoulder of Mutton) are The ShoulderofMutton)are en andAppurtenances” (still eet (nownos.17-19 st sideofthe Main LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement century Primary th visible and is hidden with the construction with the construction century, although the although century, th century housing on the century housing century, or thereabouts, thereabouts, century, or th th side of the street, to include the street, side of the dominant estate character character estate dominant the into Walton from the higher ground and into Walton from the higher ground with Barr Hall Farm elevated on the left ch across the open fields, leading down to fields, leading ch across the open Drakelow Road approach to Walton village Drakelow Road approach to lton Hall is no longer lton Hall is in the village, the new houses have merely village, the in the in road. Coton Road descends the hill, in a the hill, in a in road. Coton Road descends rtant long distance views of Walton Hall. By of Walton Hall. views long distance rtant tate owned approximately a third of the land a third of the approximately tate owned core of the village has remained fairly static. has remained fairly static. core of the village acter that can be directly attributed to their to their attributed be directly can acter that tion area. Along the west side of Coton Roadtion area. Along the west side of illage came in the 1950s illage came in the ng boundary feature. The enclosure continues e railway bridge, almost ½ a mile outside the bridge, almost ½ a mile e railway 8 the west and forming a deep cutting. the west and forming a deep cutting. century entrepreneur. entrepreneur. century th oway. This now screens both the 20 the both now screens oway. This (outside the conservation area). conservation the (outside development at the end of the 19 the end of development at d as a plantation in the early 19 properties. The modern and 18 properties. a slightly raised platform. and then it runs along the east erns give this away. In fact, this away. In erns give backdrop to the village. Here, the church comes into view, comes into view, church the to the village. Here, backdrop the walled frontage, but not the frontage, the walled conserva the road is outside the east side of runs a shelter belt of trees, plante an early holl and possibly disguising to the rises From Drakelow, the land east of the conservation area and plantation thin incorporates a long road the straddling a revetment between Hall Farm. To and the raised site of Barr the west, Warren Farm hugs the ground. Warren Farm and Barr Hall Farm work village, the a gateway into as effectively although they were both designed to look inward towards the village and the tall three-storey brick-built church. The hay barn at Warren Farm, with its tall window, is an central gable and round to entrance landmark at the eye-catching the village. The plain blank elevation of running the single-storey cowsheds alongside the road is an important and stro the river. gentle sweep, the land rising steeply to steeply gentle sweep, the land rising curve, through the trees, The road sweeps in a gentle the garden. with a line of yew edging chur of the views are there out where to open the time that the visitor crosses the river, Wa the crosses visitor the that the time behind the dense tree-covered on within the churchyard, sitting leads down The approach from Coton-in-the-Elms Coton of conservation area boundary hugs the west side rolling agricultural landscape. The Road as far as Leedhams Croft, from the ma School and the recreation ground Approaches Approaches the approach to Walton follows the flat flood plain. The From Barton Turn and the A38, mainlin the village is from the first sight of in the village, there is very little estate char estate little there is very in the village, large amount of The village had a are impo there conservation area, from where Thus it appears that whilst the Walton Hall es the Walton that whilst Thus it appears influence. Only the joinery patt Only the joinery influence. that far from a growth map evidence suggests replaced earlier properties and the size of the and the size properties replaced earlier appears to have been created by a 19 created to have been appears to the character of the v The largest change of a large housing estate to the east to the estate of a large housing LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character 19 this andtheadjacentcottage, fixedtoth photograph ofTheVillage Hallshowsapicket red brick,withsomelater19 In the18 Street). buildings. Therearetwoknownsurviving instan retaining wallandlaid roughly mortaredas blue-grey limestone,knownas“skerry”,usedve Perhaps surprisingly,therefore, stone can befo The richalluvialsoilsofthefloodplainwo Stone is supplementedbyphotographs, togiveasnapshotofthelocalvernaculardetails. special andtypicaltraditionalbuildingdetails used in local buildingdetails isintricately lin and 24MainStreet. gardens beyondandcreating asoftedgeto treatment, and thatanyold19 so muchofthistypefencing,suggest The timber picketfencingthatcanbefoundhas blue brickcopings. would have beenmadein temporaryclampkiln local traditionofbrickmaking earliest knownexampleis earlyto mid18 may have been introduced into the villagefrom the 17 hedgerows, brickwalls,simpleironrailingsor The majorityoftraditionalboundarieswithintheconservationareaareformedfrom Boundaries sandstone. sandstone and thebulkofchancel wasbu single, reliable, local source; the towerwas This was built fromanassortmentofverydi The onlybuilding inthe conservation areato imported stonewasreservedfordressings forwindowsanddoors. Walton wasin a low-lyingareawhere thelocalbuilding stone was so sparseand poor, appearance ofWalton-on-Trent.Therange Local geologyandavailabilityofbuilding Building MaterialsandDetails road skirtstheriver, passingveryclose by. settlement andits strategic relationship with theriverare particularly noticeable, as the area, moreorlesswheretheroadmeets theRi believed tobeoftheIronAge,beforedescen From thesouthandCattonRoadroadpasse th century railings survive to a number of corner frontages, enablingviews throughtothe centuryrailingssurvive to anumber ofcornerfrontages, th and19 th centuries, when transportation of heavy goods radically improved, as improved,as centuries,whentransportationofheavygoodsradically th th and thereissomeevidenceof localbrick pits,where bricks centuryexamplesofhalf-ro centuryexampleshaverottedaway.Anearly 20 e bull-nosed bluebricks, which still exist. th s that this was a common historic boundary s thatthiswasacommonhistoricboundary ked withlocal identity. Theappendix1liststhe 9 the street–atfo century. Within the Trent valley there was a encountered within the conservation area,and uld nothavegeneratedmuch buildingstone. materials directlyinfluencedtheformand a plinthfootingfortheearlytimber-framed fferent stones, indicating thatthere was no timberpicketfences.Brickboundarywalls fencerunningalongthefrontboundaryof built from largeblocksofreddishbrown ding thehill andentering theconservation materialsandtheway s. Copingsareorigina be builtentirelyfromstoneisthechurch. ces of this use as a footing (35 and 54 Main ces ofthisuseasafooting(35and54Main ry occasionally laiddry insmallsectionsof several forms. Simplyth ilt from paler, buff-coloured, fine-grained ilt frompaler,buff-coloured,fine-grained und inthevillageformofashaly, ver Trent. The agricultural setting ofthe s theimpressive hillfortofBoroughHill, th centuryonwardsalthoughthe und, bull-nosedandtriangular rmer school,TheRectory lly mouldedtriangular in which theywere e factthatthereis th century LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement

th ve ve century the Gothic the century th ariably, this black and Remnants of timber- Remnants in several framing survive there which buildings, of at 35 are examples visible 3 Bells Main Street and latter was End Road. The the in in fact erected 1960s from a demolished the West building in Midlands. The local example incorporates box-framing, a type of construction associated construction associated region. There with this are remnants of 16 ound floor bay window, a very ound floor bay window, a 1840, was a highly decorati a 1840, was lighted in the detailed decorative use of lighted in the detailed ely replaced by a new interest in the craft of in the interest by a new ely replaced bond and moulded bricks are used for the bond and moulded my can be seen directly in the village, where in directly my can be seen e gable front is jettied with a moulded with a moulded e gable front is jettied nels of brickwork between the timber frame age and it has been used to great decorative to great decorative been used age and it has generally replaced with brickwork. In fact the brickwork. In fact replaced with generally a decorative surface effect. By the beginning of beginning effect. By the surface a decorative 10 century tradition. The Schoolhouse is another Revival movement picked upon this local Revival movement picked upon was vernacular tradition and timber-framing that is white form and the black reinterpreted in called “half-timbering”. Inv century or earlier timber-framing and a cruck century or earlier timber-framing be may there Street and Main 50-54 truss within others, as yet unknown. In the second half of the 19 with was combined of half-timbering white effect Numbers 17 and brickwork, in different degrees. th brick to create interesting details. create interesting brick to century, “polychromy”, i.e. the use of multiple colours of colours of multiple use the “polychromy”, i.e. century, rst floor in a jetty over a gr th Timber framing of three different eras century the Arts and Crafts movement de century th Street, late 19th century. Below - Walton Village Hall, 1920 Above left - 35 Main Street, 17th century. Above right Main - 17 timber-framed building, although it had been extended in brick at some time. at brick in extended been although it had building, timber-framed the 20 been larg had effects, decorative brick to create the bricklayer. Although evidence for polychro example, although less typical, as it does not attempt to re-create the structure of of structure the attempt to re-create as it does not example, although less typical, timber-framing but rather to use it simply as is 1920, of timber-framing. The Village Hall, built in brickwork and celebrated the structure English. Pa Old called style of the the epitome bressumer, which carries the fi 19 Main Street are typical of this late 19 19 Main Street are typical are laid in both herringbone and basket-weave star-shaped ornamental chimney stacks. Th flamboyant affair for a village hall. Brickwork now the dominant material in the vill Brick is of the most notable are the Gothic Revival cottages, Some of the buildings. effect in many which incorporate an exuberant use of of the 19 last decades By the original Old Hall, which was partially demolished in demolished in was partially Old Hall, which original Timber-framing Timber-framing wattle-and- of panels with timber-frame built from were surviving buildings The earliest been over the years panels have daub. These LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character there aresome exceptions, e.g. 1 Ladle End La Render canbefoundonahandfulofproperties. painted atalaterdate. with bricklowerwallscanbeseen, eventh in the old practice oflimewashing, acommonte A largenumberofbrickbuildingshavewhitepa eaves oratthebaseofachim Coton Road)orcorbelledinbrickworkwitha effect. Gablevergesaretypically either plainlytreatedasaplaincloseverge(asat4and6 “dentilled” brickwork,whereeach alternatehe corbelled eaves, someplainwithseveralcourse The distinctivedecorative build become thenorm. walls andwhite-paintedjoineryhad achieving acontrast and 19MainStreet).Bythistime, (asusedatTheVillageHall herringbone panels laidinpatterns,suchas chimney stacks at brickwork (ascanbe seen onthe and theuseoftumblingcourses rubbed brickslaid achieved with moulded,carvedand Street (alsoca.1878).Decoration was former schoolhouse)and17-19Main fashionable, asat11MainStreet(the By 1878mouldedbr colour -WarrenFarm,2CotonRoad. commonplace. Inanumberofinstancesthehead yellow brickdressings,thisisthe only instance of itsuse.Flemishbondbrickworkis more at theKeepersCottage(8CotonRoad)of Nos. 23and 25havebeenrendered ata incorporate mouldedbrick detailsand thebrickw modern. Nos.21-25Main Streetsharesimila originally renderedand lined-out render survivingonthe chimney stacks suggeststhatthehousefrontage mighthavebeen century ina smoothrenderandlined-outtoim Mutton, the early20 repertoire astheyloveditssoftness,texture Arts andCrafts architects reintroduced rendered finishes (particularly roughcast) into their Render androughcast Bells EndRoad). “sacrificial” weatherproofcoat Brickwork wasusedinthe18 school), tumbling coursesofbrickwork, andmouldedbrickbands. century include, amongstother details,multip with lime-puttyjoints the oldschool)and between plainbrick th centuryfashionforpicturesque icks hadbecome ney stack (as at34MainStreet). ing (e.g.33,36,37and56Main ing detailsthatwereusedonthebuildings inthelate19 to imitatestone. The current th andearly19 later dateandNo.21 hasbeen painted. 11 1869thebuilderwas ough thegroundfloorbrickworkhasbeen es (as at the former es (asat theformer verg brick corbelled le and vernacularorigins.AtTheShoulderof s of brick projecting one above the other or s ofbrickprojectingoneabovetheotheror ne; originallybrickbu chnique inthisregion itate ashlar.At44 ader brickprojectsto inted brickwork.Thismayhaveoriginated simple band, which can continuealongthe rities with7-11Bells End Road.They th ers arepickedoutinasubtlebufforbluey In mostcases this isa later alteration, but ork wouldhavebeenintended to beseen. 11 Main Street, the former school house school house former the 11 MainStreet, centuryforstructuraldetailssuchas rendered upperwallscontrasting Street, 1-3 MainStreet,2-6 textured roughcast finish is textured roughcastfinish is Main Streetthe smooth t renderedin the 19 designed toprovidea using redbrickwith create a decorative createadecorative th th

LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement

th th century th century on the the on century th century on, they century on, they il has been replaced th the wall-plate could the wall-plate could ial houses in the 18 in ial houses Staffordshire blue clay . In a few instances . In a few instances century (e.g. Warren century th century tiled roofs survive roofs survive tiled century th century when a parapet was and early 19 and early th th and 18 th ple of this in the conservation area). It area). conservation in the this of ple 44 Main Street). Although the lintels at the lintels Although Main Street). 44 rlier examples at 44 Main Street are Street rlier examples at 44 Main for a brick lintel as brick lintel as for a aphs of building details in the appendix): appendix): the details in aphs of building 1800 and through the first half of the 19 1800 and through the first half of of rubbed bricks. This was the most This was the most of rubbed bricks. ented by a simple timber lintel, providing lintel, providing ented by a simple timber ojecting timber cill ojecting timber of this practice (e.g. 34, 38 and 44 Main of this practice (e.g. 34, 38 and mplest and easiest to construct as taper as taper to construct easiest and mplest e no surviving examples of thatched roofs lls were not normally used, relying on the relying lls were not normally used, ial houses and farmhouses have stone lintels Unfortunately, this deta Unfortunately, either thatched or tiled. There are a number There are a number thatched or tiled. either to preserve the early examples of both red to preserve the early examples inal handmade blue clay tiles also incorporate klayer to “rub” the bricks together. to “rub” the klayer the area after the Trent and Mersey canal the area after the Trent and Mersey Street and Barn Farm, commonly referred to 12 oad, 21 Main Street and the former school and rren Farm, The White Swan, 2 Coton Road). century in Walton and can be found on the Gothic and century in Walton dded at a later date. On the later 19 later dded at a later date. On the th original details, as a more were incorporated as original details, as clay cills w Staffordshire blue clay tiles the ne in are not found , which the stone wedge lintel, generally found from found the stone wedge lintel, generally rated rusticated stone quoins. rusticated and combined with exagge plain squared lintels, and variations of this using stone the chamfered and moulded of the 19 the second half stone, generally found during required special bricks and a skilled bric and a skilled bricks required special slightly ea are plain, the The White Swan smaller domestic buildings. This was the si This domestic buildings. smaller brick. to cut the need the mortar joints, without the in wholly was accommodated the 19 This was used throughout Farm has the only exam Hall century (e.g. Barr Road, Coton century (e.g. The White Swan, 2 Revival cottages. Revival cottages. arch/the cambered arch the gauged brick Road). Farmhouse, 2-6 Bells End the segmental brick arch is generally found in the 18 is generally found brick arch the segmental used generally on more substant construct to technically difficult   schoolhouse, Coton Road). The more substant schoolhouse, Coton Road). The more in most cases by a modern window with a pr a with modern window by a in most cases properties, blue and red moulded 7-11 Bells End R effective weathering (e.g. combined with dressed stone cills (e.g. Wa Roofs The earliest roofs in Walton would have been of the steeply pitched 17 of examples where the form ar although there (54 Main Street, Barn Farm), replaced with original red clay tiles have been most cases the and in were easily imported into tiles. These tiles Orig red clay tiles. local tended to replace the subtle fluctuations in colour so it is important being manufactured today, and blue tiles. 18 found in the also be roof can A variation of the pitched often added at each gable-end, as at 56 Main opened in 1777. They are extremely durable and, from the late 18 opened in 1777. They are extremely durable and, from the  no need often floor there was uppermost On the supplem be carried over the window, sometimes instances many the support required. There are the brickwork. simple weathering properties of been a moulded bricks or tiles have  Street). ci stone brick arches, the In combination with Lintels and cills Lintels (see photogr of lintel are common types The most LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character the examples are19 roofs anddecorativebargeboards. Allof streetscape, withlargeoverhangingpitched which createsapict buildings havepronouncedgablefrontages, of thepitchedroof,anumber In addition tothe simple plain closeverge the facetedslateroofareneatlymitred. shallower roofpitchand this canbe clearlyseen at1 MainStreet, where the junctions of more typicalpitchof45degrees,arequirement The roofpitches associated with clay tile End Road. schoolhouse onCotonRoad,TheShoulderof originally builtwithmachine-made redclay but theseappear tobeareplacementforanearlierhand-madetile.Thefollowingwere challenge tothedominanceofslate.3and5 availability of consistent,smooth-texturedmachine-madetilesinthe1870swasamajor in thelastquarterofcenturyplaincl buildings inthefirsthalf ofthe19 examples atTheWhiteSwan andtheterrace inclined hillside thatfollow The Walton-on-Trent Conservation Areafa document. viewpoints referredto areincluded inthe themselves moststronglyin a section describesaselectionofgeneralandmo expansive, toonumeroustocover comprehensivelyinadocumentofthisscope. This Every conservation areahasamultitudeofchanging views, both close-range andmore Views moulded orscallopedprofiles. century. Elsewhere therearesimpler bargeboards survivefromthemid19 Rectory the originalcarvedandpierced timber-framed examples. AtTheOld they wereprobablybasedon17 the later19 There arealso severalinstances ofmachine-ma more generally transportedbyrailandwas Derbyshire fromCumbriainthe18 and BellsEndRoadhaveWelshslateroofs. from this,only The WhiteSwanand the terraceofcottagesatthe junction ofMainStreet Barr HallFarmhasagraduatedWestmorelandslat brickwork laid onedge. as a“copedgable”.Wherestonewasinshortsupplytheseparapetsaresimplyfinished th centuryproperties. AftertheuniversaluseofWelshslatein19 th uresque undulating century,although s thecourseofriver. visitor’s experience of the conservationarea.Some ofthe th th century. century th century,possiblybyca s varybetweenaminimumof35degreesand th commoninthefirsthalfof19

13 ay-tiled roofscamebackintofashion.The Bells End Road have redmachine-madetiles tiles;HillCroft,theformerschooland lls betweentheriverbank andthegently Mutton,17-19MainStreetand7-11Bells Westmorelandslateswerebroughtinto re specificviewsthatare likely toimpress de redclaytilesbeing usedatWaltonon ofthematerial.Slatecantolerateamuch conservation areamap included in this onBells EndRoadhelpto datethese e roof, a beautiful natural material. Apart naturalmaterial.Apart e roof,abeautiful The Old Rectory nal, but Welsh slatewas th century.The th century, LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement s (although only the . No. 1 Main Street . No. 1 Main Hall on Main Street, from Main Street from Hall on Main Street, landmarks in long views within the village the views within long in landmarks of the road creates points of interest, points of interest, road creates of the is some height and vantage point, such as is some height and vantage point, the road junctions. 2 Coton Road is one the road junctions. 2 Coton Road on are thosemain approaches on the into r Trent from Barr Hall Farm and Warren View of the Church from Walton Bridge Bridge Walton from Church the of View em to incorporate shop mate relationships between buildings. This is This is mate relationships between buildings. They were orientated to catch passing trade, trade, orientated to catch passing were They on Lane and Coton Road views are created where the road curves and the road curves where created are views 14 particularly the church tower particularly the church

th orically as Hall Orchard Hall Orchard orically as the best defining views are: century church tower looking from: various locations along from: various locations looking tower century church th Coton Road, from the entrance to Walton across the field known hist century church tower century church from Walton Bridge (Station Lane) looking across the River garden of Trent towards the no. 56 Main Street across the open fields towards the Rive Farm looking towards the church 14 of the the views from the B5016 (Station Lane) looking across the River Trent towards Walton Hall from Walton Bridge (Station Lane) looking towards the 14 Walton Hall Walton and Laurence of St. The Church Barr Hall Farm Street) (56 Main Trent House Rectory The Old  conservation area, Within the   shopfront at 1 Main Street survives). shopfront at 1 Main Street survives). where there Occasionally there are wider views curvature where the from Walton Bridge, or along Drakelow Road. descending Coton Road and running views from The best defining area conservation the outside boundary are:   an opportunity not lost on those who built th an opportunity not lost on those Some of the most important views within Walt views within the most important Some of the village. A number of buildings form important important form buildings A number of the village. or approaches village; into the      the more inti Views are generally restricted to and of Main Street, length for the the case Stati the junction with out at where it opens focal points at and 2 Coton Road form important in the village. of the few three-storey buildings LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character The first edition Ordnance Surveymapandea village inthemid19 but thestationover riveratnearbyBartonwasanimportantdevelopment forthe The nameStationLane seems atfirst ratheranom staggered. has beenagreatdealofencroachmentonto suggestion thattherewasanotherfordcrossing the rivercrossing, longbeforethe constructionofthe roadbridge,although there isa formed themainroutefromhigher ground Although notnowimmediatelyapparent, itappe parts ofthevillage. churchyard andreflects the early20 bargeboards, framestheentrance tothe timber structurean buttresses. The attractive lychgate, with its red sandstoneand14 landmark, witharobustcharacterofblocks road bridge.Thechurch before thedevelopmentof the construction ofthe newrectoryoreven prominent positionfrontingMainStreet,before but mayhavehadamorecentralroleand be slightlyadrift fromthecentreof thevillage, historic heartofthevill The church ofSt.Laurence was onceatthe Lane andCotonRoad includes St.Laurence’sChurchandpr This areaincludesthemainpartofth AREA 1 Conservation Area Description     point atabendintheroad towards TrentHouse,which isafocal looking south-westalongMainStreet Hall River Trent,lookingupatWalton from MainStreet,where itmeetsthe the rivertowest pasture totheeastandglimpsesof with the river, with the view ofthe along CattonRoad,runningparallel bottom ofBoroughHill across theRiverTrent fromthe th century,significantenough toinfluencethenamechange. age. Thisnow appearsto d pierced cusped tower is astriking th StationLaneandthe century diagonal centurydiagonal th century ArtsandCraftscharacterofcertain small 15 operties onBellsEndRoad,Ladle e village that followsMainStreetand e villagethat downthroughWalton,viaStationLane, to furtheralongMainStreet.Overtime there this space,sothatthecrossroadsisnow rly photographsshowthat thejunctionof ars thatCotonRoad/Roslistononce View along Main Street towards Trent House House Trent towards Main Street along View alous, asthereisnostation inthevillage, Church of St Lawrence and the lychgate lychgate the Lawrence and ofSt Church LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement / th a brick wall defines a brick wall defines lane approached lane approached from Main Street; Nos. 33, 35 and 37 and Nos. 39, 41, 43 and 45. These stand at an acute angle to the main street frontage and do not follow any obvious building alignment. The group closest sessing the historic sessing the tory and No. 24 Main tory and century rows of cypress century th century buildings on the south century buildings on the south th century. Here, boundaries to the to the boundaries Here, century. th privacy and disguise the change in level privacy and uth side of the street, many of which are appear to be served by short sections of es are emphasised by rows of planted yew, es are emphasised by rows of planted been simplified and lost some of its rural of lost some and been simplified clipped privet and yew and wooden picket yew and wooden picket clipped privet and was probably a conscious design intention design intention was probably a conscious early 20 Hall the village, the Walton of development being estate owned none of these. Despite has the village nevertheless few in number, these because character, largely an estate earlier and buildings are integrated amongst There are three distinct groups of late 19 There are three distinct groups street the that give Main Street side of the of Shoulder The character – an estate and School Former The Mutton, and the Street Schoolhouse, 17-19 Main As has heavily altered row Nos. 21-25. as in been explained later properties, with spacious and later properties, with spacious generous green settings. ings are set back from the road frontage and ings are set back these have become quite overgrown. These these aries to both The Rec both aries to 16 the 1909 sale particulars called Yew Tree Cottages 35, and 39 and 43 Main Street century. There are several 20 century. There are several th veral of the properties on the northern (river) side of Main Main (river) side of northern on the veral of the properties d a small 1900 in the centre. By with a tree triangle of grass century iron railings and a heavily planted edge. heavily planted edge. railings and a iron century th Glimpsed views between 33 and views between Glimpsed 17-25 Main Street create an estate character holly and privet, planted in the 19 holly and privet, planted planted along boundaries and in some cases increase of yew and cypress planted boundaries on the so road and the properties between the raised level. The properties in built on a name reveals even but the side of the street) have gone, as have the trees, (on the river more yew planting. There are two distinct groups of buildings that the properti of In several places the boundaries street are soft, planted with rounded hedges of street are soft, planted In contrast, se or metal fences. alternatively or line along the street frontage a building Street follow the boundary. this had been removed and the junction had junction the and removed been this had Main Street and Station Lane ha and Station Main Street of Main Street the build southern side On the character. At this pivotal corner, the bound the corner, At this pivotal character. 19 Street retain Main along in both directions in views are therefore prominent They are well spaced. picturesque groupings. This Street, and form during the development of the village in the late 19 late in the of the village during the development LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character as apair oflabourers’cottages.Th timber-framed building.TheTitheMapand old trackway.No.1(Campanile)isanunusua the back,long plotsoflandfarmedbythefront The buildingsthatrunalongthenorthsideof snaked throughthecopsetoth pedestrian metalgateontoMainStreet,whichon overgrown. Thebrickboundarywallisovergrow conifers. There isatleastoneWellingtoniawithalushunderstorey ofyew,nowmuch leading directlytoBarrHallFarm. group ofcontemporarycottages(outsideth labourers dwellingsinassociation withBarrHa The cottagesonLadleEndLane largely lost. laid hedge.Itshistoricrelationshipwithth At the back of1 Bells End Road orientation. Thisisan 18 No. 12,opposite, is positioned with its gable-end facing thestreet, atypical medieval ofits19 retains alargeamount still It onMainStreet. properties fromthe privacy and ofseparation adegree provided planted. Itappears thatitwasconceived as appears ontheTithe Mapandtodayitsurvives verymuch untouched since itwas first The wooded copse lying between the entrance including these trees. edition OS,partoftheOldRe Near the church is a stand ofScots Pine.This this timealso,althoughtherectoryhadamuchlongerhistoryonsite. 1830-1840, witha distinctiveGothiccharacterandthetree planting probably datesfrom setting with its matureplanting.The Old Rect boundaries toMainStreet and private housingdevelopment andtheprivate is themostprestigiousinvillage. Thegar substantial Rectorywithgenerouslandscape Like Etwall andStanton-by-Bridge, alsofurth small farmsbytheturnofth buildings. It isprobablethatthedemandfor like anunusualpartofthehistoricsettlementpa to havebeenbrokenupintoanumberofseparatedwellings. Therefore,whatatfirst seems survive, apparently convertedintosmall cottage buildings. Themainhouse hasgone,butanumbe to theHallatonetime contained alarge th centurybuilding, possibly builtonthesiteofan earlierbuilding. e century(1800)ledto ctory gardenhadextended outth e Hall. This wasinuseandvisibleupuntil atleast 1900. Station Lanehave been largelymaintained and the garden thefieldboundaryisdefined th were probablybuiltinthe18 e dentilled brick eaves suggests alate18 centuryplanting-amixtureofdeciduoustreesand e houses onBellsEndRoad,however,hasbeen 17 farmhouse and anumberofancillaryservice gardens. Aside from Walton Hall,thebuilding gardens. AsidefromWalton dens havebeensubdividedovertheyearsfor small cottages andthe lack Award suggeststhatNos.3 and5 werebuilt land was glebe and bythe time of the second part ofthelayoutHallgrounds,and e conservation area)there were footpaths age property.BellsEndRoadwaspartofan ll Farm.Fromboththisgroup andtheother Bells End Roadwerelaidoutwith crofts at er downtheTrentvalley,Waltonhada s atalaterdate.Bothof theseplots appear ory asitappearstodayisahouseofcirca l structure-areconstruction ofanearlier ttern canbeexplained toWaltonHalland no.45 MainStreet chapel has gone. However, the original chapel hasgone.However,theoriginal r oftheancillary serviceorfarmbuildings ce servedatinyfootpath,shortcutthat n andhardlyvisiblebu thischange inthesettlementpattern. by a timberpicketfenceand is waywithadriveorpath th century as agricultural centuryasagricultural t stillretains asmall as aclusteroffarm ofviabilitythe th century date. LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement the sense that this frontage of the river lities of the views. of the views. lities otect the views of the untry house standards. not part of the landscaped not part of the landscaped was necessary to protect the the to protect was necessary The entrance to Walton Hall is Hall is to Walton The entrance falls and very understated, Cottage Barn Farm between and a smallwooded copse. It estate fence has a simple metal drive with a lining the entrance and cast-iron wrought iron gate occupies a posts. The parkland land stretching long, tranche of Coton to Road from Catton Road. The landscape parkland to Walton Hall is quite small Another and self-contained. informal entrance appears to Road, onto Coton have existed but this was probably just designed for access and ease of designed for access and ease of of The lack maintenance. by a hedge, potentially blocking views. views. by a hedge, potentially blocking resque setting that overlooked the River River that overlooked the resque setting or building platforms all along the length nk of the river. It appears quite large, asnk of the river. It appears quite many within this part of the County, shared many within this part of the County, ll does tend to support continued all along the level. Field walking by the South Derbyshire level. Field walking by the South Derbyshire ey map and may have been planted to create ey r, whether this was taken out of use by the by the out of use was taken this r, whether d Hall, a coursed and mortared sandstone d Hall, a re trees sitting within the natural contours of the natural contours of within sitting trees re and the Old Hall, overlooking the river. This the river. This Hall, overlooking the Old and acquire this area and pr in fact quite small by co small quite fact in the road roughly halfway along the road. These 18 nhance the picturesque qua century, brick retaining wall with a chamfered brick retaining wall with a chamfered century, th lton Hall and the road was inues along the road as far as ry close to the River Trent, only protected from the road only protected River Trent, ry close to the dscape devices or re-shaping. Entrance to Walton Hall century desire to have a house in a pictu to have a house desire century th views to and from the Hall. Presumably, further along the road, where the wall finishes, the views to and boundary would have been at one time defined to adjacent trees stand of mature a There is also appear on the first edition Ordnance Surv a clump of interest, a landscape device to e Main Street continues to run ve by a narrow strip of embankment at a lower Archaeological Survey has highlighted earthworks Walton Hall site of the of the road between main street the time that at one would indicate howeve not clear, is as far as Borough Hill. It it predates both and is a of the Old Hall or Walton Hall, or whether construction “shrunken village”. As the road approaches the site of the Ol the County highway authority to by built recently retaining wall appears. This was probably moulded brick coping. This cont Trent. The house is imposing from the west ba the west Trent. The house is imposing from giant order of the pilasters do give a and the it with, to compare there is nothing is scale. The building its sense of heightened AREA 2 AREA 2 of the site parkland setting, its garden and Hall and includes Walton This area river and the these buildings fields lying between Hall and the the Old gatepiers or a significant entrance into the Ha gatepiers or a significant entrance matu planted, with also simply is The parkland the landmass and no obvious lan between Wa land Although the to priority a high parkland, it must have been Hall. The road is lined by a low, 18 was the house of a well-to-do family, who, like well-to-do family, of a was the house the 18 LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character the 19 Cottage). Severalof the other si detail, alsofoundatthe barnatthefarthe and multiplelevels ofventilation.Itincorpor The largebarn withinthefarmyardisatradit wall, largelyerodedandlowered. effectively screen thehouse fromtheroad.At plantation in the verge,which has been cut into the bank. The trees lining the lawn vista down totheriver andthe village.Itis separatedfromtheroadbyalongthin built Georgian building,ofelegantproportions, make themostofconsolidatedlandholdings act)was private agreementandparliamentary incorporate, likeBarrHall, atallhay have astarkfunctional simplicity and nature ofthebuildingsmeans thatthey of thedesign. Even so,theutilitarian mechanisation placedat theforefront buildings withtheneeds of were nowregardedasindustrial labour-saving devices.Farmbuildings mechanisation, steampowerand farming asaresultofincreased also therewasarenewedinterest in depression ofthe1870s.Atthistime 1870), builtjustbeforetheagricultural of mid-late19 was builtalmostahundredyearslater, Warren Farmopposite,bycontrast, was probablybuiltinthe mid18 Barr HallFarm, totheeast,formerpropertyofth fields towards thechurchin fardistance. south-west facingaspect,orientatedtomake road behindlonglowrangesofbuildings.They designed aroundcourtyardsor“foldyards”,wit two entirelydifferentphasesoffarmbuilding evolution.Thefarmsteadswereboth They both define the historic entrance to th Farm, haveaparticularlystrongcharacteran The twofarmsatthenorthendofco conservation area–Barr This areaincludesthetwolargefarmco AREA 3 that thisareamayhavebeentheextent of boundaries, suggestingthattheymayhavebeen The fields fallingbetweenThe control erosionandstabilisethebank and isnotcharacteristicofthe area. th century. th century date(1850- Hall Farmand WarrenFarm Old Hall, Catton Roadand Marlpi th ngle storeyfarm buildings,appearto havebeenadded in century,ata timewhentheenclosure ofland(byboth a muchlargerpark,associatedwith theOldHall. 19 View of Warren Farmwith View ofWarren e villagefromDrakelow,andtheyalsoexhibit nservation area, Barr Hall Farm and Warren nservation area,BarrHallFarmandWarren r endofthe conservationarea(Barn Farm ates a raisedcopedgable,a localvernacular mplexes inthenorth-eastcornerof ional haybarn,with acentral threshing floor d areprominentin views fromMainStreet. the mostofviewsoverlookingopen . Thefarmhouseisaveryfineimposing the top ofthebankis onaraisedplatform creating opportunitiesforlargefarmsto subdivided (enclosed) bothappeartohavebeenbuiltwitha h mostoftheactivities hidden fromthe e Hampfamily, is the earliercomplex.It t Spinney have large regular its garden to the west west the itsgardento the remainsofabrick of landoverlookinga at a late date and and date alate at LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement akelow Road, but the akelow Road, but century as its original century as its fy instances where the where fy instances a hedge, which could th purpose. The boundary purpose. The boundary facing the River Trent may Trent facing the River ve loss of traditional joinery, particularly ve loss s apparently deliberately built lower than s apparently lower than deliberately built sional trees dotted in the landscape. It is the landscape. sional trees dotted in e designation of the conservation area in t that a large proportion covered in was ed by the Civic Amenities Act 1967, as an Amenities Act 1967, ed by the Civic er individually or cumulatively have diluted on the corbelled verges to the roadside roadside to the verges corbelled on the ite this, there are still many examples of there are still ite this, s landscape setting was kept open by using s landscape setting War. It was not intended that development that development War. It was not intended present there are still sufficient examples are still sufficient examples present there ter. At Walton on Trent, some of the ea we can also identi nts should develop over time in a way that nts should develop over time in Farmhouse contains two large and important large and important contains two Farmhouse front elevation faces Dr elevation front feguard against further harmful development, against further feguard road and Warren Farm still retains its largely and Warren Farm still retains road storey cowsheds and stables. There are only are There and stables. storey cowsheds oduced principally in deference to the house. to the house. principally in deference oduced the house, rather than house, the damaging alterations and to avoid the same a row of impressive, mature, deciduous trees, of impressive, mature, deciduous a row es, that the damage to the character of the to the character that the damage es, they were left for this they om the drawing room windows across theom the drawing 20 these will help householders, designers and the householders, these will help n wall to the north-west side north-west n wall to the by the need for planning permission. mistakes in the future. the future. mistakes in planning authority to reverse some of the some planning authority to reverse door patterns. Desp of window and the loss traditional windows and doors intact and at Loss of building details cumulati a Throughout village there has been the village has suffered alterations or losses that eith village has suffered alterations that identifying this character. It is hoped properti in the larger surviving, particularly Loss and Damage Loss and Damage was introduc of conservation areas The concept local scene” in the face of conserve the “cherished to acknowledgement of the need accelerated change following the Second World settleme rather that but should be prevented, charac their special and strengthens reflects so far as this could be achieved of the conservation ar In defining the character purpose as the Hall Orchard would have mean would purpose as the Hall Orchard fences. timber with is now subdivided The field apple trees. are occa Within the field know as Hall Orchard were deliberately farmhouses, that these two the with relationship given the quite likely, that or of interest, create points planted to by road is marked the meets where the field Drakelow Road. into Main Street which follow predate th below undesirable changes described 1992. The designation was put in place as a sa a few moulded brick details, as can be seen as can be brick details, a few moulded intr ventilation slots, and chamfered elevation, barn with ventilation slots and ranges of single and ranges of ventilation slots barn with side of Warren on the south-west The garden Lebanon and a beech. The Cedar of trees – a opportunity to enjoy the views was not lost on the designer. The brick garden wall at the The brick garden wall at the the designer. not lost on views was the opportunity to enjoy faces “Hall Orchard” and wa southern boundary fr enable long views walls, to the other tall brick garde landscape. The as a forcing wall for fruithave been designed some evidence of former and contains glasshouses. and it Hall Barr between boundary Similarly the grow to obscure the views. the between the churchyard, The open space in the 18 conceived been have this may although uninterrupted vista, an iron fence to the southern perimeter of perimeter the southern an iron fence to LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area Statement Character In theabsenceof alocalnaturalwalling st Artificial stone boundary. haphazard rather ragged, traditional picket fence leftin thevillage.The Coton Road).Thishasitsrootsinanhistoric There aremany types ofpicketfencing (e.g. in Picket fencing Rectory). footpath between CotonRoadand Main St have beenintroduced,whichmakeasignifican There areseveral instances where largeexpanses Panel fencing conservation area. architectural detail or the introduction ofnew fe In anumberofinstancesboundarieshavebeenadaptedoralteredwitheitherloss Boundary treatments 25, 34and43. is moredifficultand costly torestore. AlloftheexamplesfoundfallonMainStreet:23,24, windows in historicbuildings,bywideningbrickworkandreplacing theoriginallintels.This however,isth The mostdamagingalteration, End Road). 54 MainStreet,1-3Streetand2-8Bells only oneortwopropertieshavebeenalteredandtheotherspreserved(e.g.46- In somecasesithasspoilt thecharacterof Road andWarrenFarm. and doors:2EastBank,LadleEnd Lane, 41, 44,48and 52.Onotherstreetsthereisal uPVC. These includethe followingproperties Many propertieswithin the conservationarea conservation areahasnotreacheda critical stage. Concrete blocks and artificial stone are alien to the character of Walton ofWalton character tothe arealien stone artificial and blocks Concrete 21 4, 6and8CotonRoad,9-1112BellsEnd t impactonthehistoricscene (e.g.the public EndRoad,21-25MainStreetand7-11Bells terraced pairs or groups, particularlywhere terraced pairsorgroups, variety ofpatternscreatesanimpressiona front of27Main Street,52-54Main4 on MainStreet: 3The Cobwebs,21, 33, 37, reet, thenorthernboundaryto TheOld one, anumber ofproperty ownershave e alterationoftheproportionsoriginal so considerablelossoftraditionalwindows typeoffencing,but have losttheiroriginaltimber joineryto atures thatstrikeaja ofconcretepostandtimber panelfence there is nosurviving rring notewithinthe LullingtonWalton-on-Trent Conservation Conservation Area Character Area CharacterStatement Statement three cottages at n had an open frontage at the turn of the n had an open frontage ental effect on the character of the street, street, of the character on the ental effect of the conservation area - picket fences, fences, picket - area conservation of the parking on the pavement, despite the large the parking on the pavement, despite c. In both cases, a more sympathetic and and sympathetic both cases, a more c. In tion area for their inappropriate design andtion area for their inappropriate ss of enclosure combined with the use of the use of with combined ss of enclosure cast-iron bollards in front, and a wide strip strip and a wide in front, cast-iron bollards inal tall brick boundary wall, and the large damaged, missing and distorted. These have damaged, missing and distorted. tton Road and Main Street were considered tton Road and Main Street were within the grounds of The Old Rectory (nos. (nos. Rectory Old the grounds of The within ork as a boundary feature, (e.g. 38, 45 and 48 (e.g. 38, 45 and boundary feature, ork as a of Walton-on-Trent largely because they are of Walton-on-Trent largely of the building now has a forecourt of tarmac. of now has a forecourt of the building 22 een the road and the riverbank. These are in a Business Centre) Bells End Road Business Centre) Bells End d planting would be an improvement. d planting would be an improvement. unified treatment, e.g. the terrace of e.g. unified treatment, orated leaving an eyesore. simple brick walls, depending upon the context of adjacent of adjacent upon the context brick walls, depending simple in this largely rural conservation area, where there is no is area, where there conservation largely rural this in ined. This has a neutral effect on the conservation area. alien to the character of Walton. There are a number of are a number of Walton. There the character alien to 9 Main Street 9 Main Street Birch House (27 Main Street) Former Post Office, no.10 (Walton Street on Main the development In contrast, 24 and 26) is largely hidden behind the orig specimen trees have been reta very prominent, being built above the road level;    details. They are damaging to the character are damaging to the details. They The frontage to The White Swan has a row of The frontage to The White Swan New development in the conserva A number of buildings stand out particularly where it was part of a it was particularly where Road. At Nos. 9 and 11 the lo 7-11 Bells End out of place block paving is for this material. historic precedent of Mutto and The Shoulder Swan Both The White the setting century (1900 OS). In both cases to encourage seems which of tarmac pavement, impression of a large gap in the of Mutton, the Shoulder car park to the rear. At The of tarma large expanse created by the street is an tarmac softer surface finish to the Neglect of boundaries of Ca the riverside The railings that run along betw drop significant a there is essential, as that are poor condition, with several sections sheepwire and by stockproof post and wire fencing – also been occasionally supplemented place in this rural setting. This has been is out of tubular steel barbed wire. The use of painted, but the paint has deteri Main Street). This is totally Main Street). character the enhance that would alternatives or or holly hedges privet, yew boundaries. walls Loss of boundary loss of a boundary has a detrim In some cases the introduced artificial stone or concrete blockw concrete or artificial stone introduced This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Oce Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. South Derbyshire District Council. LA 100019461.2010

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1 Character Areas Conservation Area boundary Character Area boundary Open spaces Principal views Architectural landmarks & focal points Listed buildings Other buildings which contribute positively to the special architectural or historic character Scheduled Monuments Walton on Trent Conservation Area Areas of high archaeological potential nDesateig d : 16th January 1992 Appendix

Distinctive Architectural Details

WALTON ON TRENT

Checklist of details

The details in this appendix illustrate those building elements that help to define Walton on Trent’s particular character. These may be common everyday vernacular details found repeatedly throughout the conservation area or may be more exceptional, consciously designed features.

This appendix may prove useful in providing inspiration for new development, whether traditional or contemporary, if used with care. Paradoxically, the outstanding architectural details of a conservation area may not be the ones that are most typical of the area. They often belong to the important key buildings of a village and may look out of place on smaller buildings in subordinate locations. The majority of buildings in the conservation areas of South Derbyshire are plainly and simply detailed.

Boundary treatments • hedges and timber picket fences • red brick walls with wide range of red and blue triangular and half-round clay copings • estate-type wrought iron railings • simple bar iron or wrought iron railings

Chimney stacks and pots • rubbed red brick stacks in a star pattern • square spiked buff chimney pots • simple brick stacks with a few bands or oversailing courses in blue brick

Doors • panelled doors • pointed arched doors, boarded and panelled and gothic details

Lintels and cills • stone wedge-lintels • segmental arched and pointed arch brick lintels • plain cills

Roof types and details • overhanging pitched roofs and decorative bargeboards • hipped roofs • raised coped brick gables

Walls • timber box-frame and Gothic Revival mock timber-framing • Flemish bond brickwork • moulded bricks • multiple corbelled brick verges • tumbling courses of brickwork, and moulded brick bands • “dentilled” or corbelled eaves

Windows • multi-paned casement windows • three-light, three-paned Estate casement windows • sash windows

BOUNDARY TREATMENTS Walls and copings

Walls were generally built from red/orange brick, with a clay coping. Copings varied a great deal from the moulded red clay triangular copings at the former rectory (above left) to the blue clay triangular copings at the churchyard (top right). Elsewhere copings are bull-nosed blue brick (below left), triangular moulded red clay (painted off-white - below right), moulded red clay at the churchyard (bottom left), and half-round blue brick on Coton Road (bottom right).

Bull-nosed blue bricks reappear as a shallow plinth on Main Street (above right). Blue brick was introduced widely in the late 19th century for its semi-engineering properties. BOUNDARY TREATMENTS Gates and railings

In Walton on Trent railings were reserved for certain key buildings.

Estate-type fencing and gates were generally erected by the Walton Hall estate. They were simple to fabricate, and could be produced by a local blacksmith, although the cast-iron gateposts (top right) would have been ordered from a catalogue of stock items.

The railings surrounding the former rectory (right - second from top) are simple spiked wrought iron.

By the late 19th century, steel railings could be fabricated in thinner sections with similar properties to wrought iron (the former school - below). CHIMNEY STACKS AND POTS

Left - decorative brick chimney stacks of the early 20th century Arts & Crafts movement emulate Tudor chimneys (the Village Hall). The distinctive star shape is created from rubbed bricks.

Right - plain rendered chimney stack, lined out to imitate ashlar, with single oversailing course of stone ashlar and buff square spiked pots.

Below left - red brick stack with bands of blue brick and square spiked pots. Blue bricks were occasionally used as an oversailing course, where a stronger brick was required, sometimes also used decoratively, but this was generally a mid-late 19th century replacement. DOORS

Four-panel door with simple “bead” mouldings (right).

A few original vertically boarded doors can still be Six-panel door with simple “bead” found on the mouldings (above), incorporating fanlight agricultural buildings and Georgian style classical doorcase with (left). cornice, frieze rail and plain pilasters.

The Gothic Revival introduced a range of doors - nine- panel within a pointed arch (left), plank door with applied fillets and pointed Gothic arches (above centre) and boarded within a pointed arch (above right). LINTELS AND CILLS

During the 17th and 18th centuries in Walton on Trent lintels were mainly brick or timber. By the first half of the 19th century, the use of stone was much more widespread, partly due to improvements in the transportation of heavy goods (by canal and later rail). Wedge-shaped stone lintels were common, sometimes plain (as at The Swan Inn - above) and sometimes incised and carved (as at 2 Coton Road - above right). The squared stone lintel with stone lugs (right) emulates the hood mould of Gothic architecture and was introduced in the mid 19th century.

Later in the 19th century, brick lintels returned. They were often made from moulded bricks and clay details; pointed Gothic arch (below left) and segmental arch (below right).

Many of the smaller cottages had no cill (above left). Elsewhere, some of the cottages had a blue brick cill added at a later date in the 19th century (above centre). The larger, grander buildings generally had stone cills (above right). ROOF TYPES AND DETAILS

Local roof details Top right - raised coped brick gable with tiled roof of Staffordshire blue clay tiles

Right - hipped clay tiled roof with lead flashings

Above and below - pitched clay tiled roofs with decorative bargeboards

Brick verge details below - corbelled with several courses of bricks (below left) and corbelled with a single course (below right) Left - timber ventilator at the old school. This distinctive feature of the late 19th century is combined in the red clay tiled roof with swept valleys.

Timber gable (right) with timber dentil moulding, timber console bracket and roughcast render. After about 1910, roughcast render became fashionable throughout the country, largely influenced by the architecture of Charles Voysey and the Arts & Crafts movement. WALLS - Up until the 18th century, the principal Timber-frame and stone details building material for the smaller houses was timber, with panels of wattle-and-daub. The type of timber- frame used in Walton is known as small box-framing - squared panels made up of posts and short horizontal rails. The example at 35 Main Street (left) is the principal surviving 17th century building in the village. The wattle and daub was replaced with bricks, known as “nogging”.

In the mid to late 19th century, there was a revival of interest in vernacular materials. Timber-frame was valued particularly for its picturesque qualities. The Arts & Crafts movement reintroduced timber-frame in conjunction with other materials. It is found used in combination with brick & render in Walton-on-Trent (below). The early 20th century Village Hall (below left) incorporates close- studding and decorative herringbone brickwork, not the local small box-framing tradition. Other late 19th century buildings (below right and bottom left) also adopted timber-frame for its appealing surface decoration, and used it in conjunction with rendered panels and brickwork.

Stone - the use of stone within the village is limited to the occasional stone plinth (right), using shaly blue-grey limestone, known as “skerry”, or quarried, imported, reddish/pink sandstone from Staffordshire, as at the church (bottom right). WALLS - Brickwork details

During the 18th century, brickwork was often embellished with a corbelled and dentilled eaves (above). Elsewhere, brickwork was made decorative purely by the treatment of openings, such as ventilation slots in the hay barn (top right).

An influx of late 19th century picturesque estate- type buildings within the village has left a legacy of intricate brickwork details. During the last decades of the 19th century, there was a new interest in the craft of the bricklayer. By 1878 moulded bricks had become fashionable, as at 11 Main Street and 17-19 Main Street (right). Decoration was achieved with moulded, carved and rubbed bricks and the use of tumbling courses of brickwork (below right) and panels laid in patterns, such as herringbone (gable end - right, and see next page).

Flemish bond brickwork (bottom left), although associated mainly with Georgian architecture, continued to be used in the 19th century for its decorative effect by incorporating coloured “headers” picked out in a subtle contrasting shade. WINDOWS - Joinery

Left - vertically sliding sash windows. As glass production evolved and the size of panels of glass increased, the small-paned sash windows of Georgian England gave way to larger panes of glass, separated by single vertical glazing bars. The examples in Walton- on-Trent date from the very early 19th century (top left) up to the mid 19th century (left).

Right - three-light, side- hinged timber casements, with flush fitting opening casements and frames.

The simple casements with two of three horizontal glazing bars were introduced by the Walton Hall estate, probably in the second half of the 19th century (right -second and third from top).

Below - examples of six paned casements survive at Trent House.

Above - casements were often favoured over sashes by late 19th century architects for their more authentic vernacular origins and were most commonly used on Gothic Revival buildings. There are few traditional shopfronts left in the village. The 19th century shopfront had several important elements, illustrated in the photographs above - a stall riser under the shop window, a fascia, where the name of the shop or owner would have appeared, the cornice, which helped to shed water from the whole shop window and door, and the pilasters, which framed the window and door. All of these elements together are based on principles of composition from classical architecture. The stained timber is, however, a modern alteration.

The two-storey canted bay window found at The Shoulder of Mutton (left) is very typical of the early 20th century and was introduced by architects following a style called “vernacular revival”. Roughcast render used in combination with small- paned casements windows is also typical of this architecture. By 1900 panes of glass were being made smaller again in timber or lead to emulate the older styles.