International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 116 No. 13 2017, 453-458 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN SHOLINGANALLUR AREA 1L.Maria Subashini, 2BharathChandra, 3ShaikSadik,4 Mahesh reddy Assistant Professor 1 Student 2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai. [email protected] Abstract: Groundwater is an essential and valuable Phosphates, Sulphates, Chlorides, Residual Chloride, natural source of water supply all over the world. To Dissolved Oxygen, Free Carbon-dioxide, Potassium, meet out the rising demand it is crucial to identify and Sodium, Lead, Copper, , Iron, Chromium, Cadmium and recognize the fresh water resources and also to find out Zinc. remedial methods for improvement of water quality. The present study aims in determining the groundwater 2. Groundwater quality in and around Sholinganallur area, Kanchepuram District. Sholinganallur is a suburban town of Chennai Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in city situated on the southern IT corridor of Chennai in the both urban and rural areas. Groundwater is the most Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The increase in growth of important source of water supply for drinking, irrigation Sholinganallur’s economy, population density and and industrial purposes.Groundwater quality is one of the infrastructure developments aggravated the stress on mostimportantaspects in water resource studies. It is water and land related issues. The area extent of a study largelycontrolled by discharge recharge pattern, nature of area is 46.25 km2 from Navalur to Karapakkam. Water the host and associated rocks as well as contaminated samples were collected from ten sampling points and activities[13-18]. tested for several physio-chemical parameters like pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Hardness, Alkalinity, 3. Groundwater Pollution Sulphates, Nitrates, Chloride and Fluoride. Further the study uses Arc GIS for mapping the water quality to The domestic sewage and industrial waste are the leading identify the spatial variation in groundwater quality. causes of ground water pollution. Urbanization and rising From the study, the presence of high TDS occurs in most incomes are two most important factors that lead to of the locations and the ground water quality status of the enormous waste generation. Improper solid waste selected area is found to be critical. dumping contaminates groundwater resource. Leachate generation from the dumping yard and its impacts on Keywords: water Quantity, alkalinity, nitrates, water groundwater are the main environmental issue prevailing quality. in the landfill. 1. Introduction 3.1 Study Area Water is one of the most important substances on earth. The present study aims in determining the All plants and animals must have water to survive. If groundwater quality in and around Sholinganallur area, there was no water there would be no life on earth. It can Kancheepuram District. Sholinganallur is a suburban be used as many purposes i.e. cooking, drinking etc. It is town of Chennai city situated on the southern IT corridor also essential for the healthy growth of farm crops, farm of Chennai in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The stock and used in manufacture of many products[1-8]. increase in growth of Sholinganallur’s economy, The following are the parameter analysed to assess population density and infrastructure developments the water quality: Physical parameters: Odour, aggravated the stress on water and land related issues. Temperature, Turbidity and Colour. Chemical The areal extent of a study area is 46.25 km2 from parameters: pH, Electrical Conductivity, Alkalinity, Total Navalur to Karapakkam. The Water Quality Index Solids, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen explains overall quality at certain location and time, Demand, Fluorides, Nickel, Total Dissolved Solids[9- based on several physio-chemical parameters. It provides 12], Total Suspended Solids, Total Hardness, Calcium anexcellent representation of overall quality of water for Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Nitrates, 453 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue variou s purposes in the arena of water management[19 - Sholinganallur area, Kanchipuram district, south India 21]. has been chosen for conducting the study The area isbounded by Bay of Bengal in the Eastern water quality parameters were analysed and the water part and it is situated very adjacent to the east co ast. The quality index is calculated to understand t he quality and study area is located between latitude 12.87N to 12.92N suitability of grounwater. The Piper diagram is used to and longitude 80.22E to 80.23E. The areal extent of the show the relationships between the different cations and selected study area is 46.25 km2. 16 Climatically the area anions to understand the hydrochemistry of groundwater belongs to a tropical wet and dry climate. Several educational institutions, industries, training centres and multinational companies are established in this area. Due to the widespread infrastructural developmental activities, the people have moved from city environment to these peri-urban areas which make these areas as special economic and developmental zones. 4. Methods a nd Methodology Selection of minitoring wells in order to collect the groundwater samples is important for assessing the groundwater quality. A stratified random sampling technique was chosen and the wells were selected with coverage area of approximately 4 to 5 km2. Ten sampling points were selected using Google Earth for the collection of water samples. The samples were collected during the post monsoon season of march2017. Base map of the study area is prepared using google maps software. Samples were for tested and test results were tabulated. The parameters are electrical conductivity, pH, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, carbonate, sulphate, chloride, nitrate, fluoride, TDS, TH and total alkalinity. 15 These results were compared with Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) limits. Thematic maps of the different physio-chemical parameters have been prepared with the help of ArcGIS software. The test results of the 454 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue Sl Parameters Requirem Permissib Samples .n ent le limit in o (Acceptab the le Limit) absence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 of Hand Bo Dug Bore Bore Dug Bore Bore Bore Bore alternate pump re Well Well Well Well Well Well Well Well source We ll 1 Ph 6.5-8.5 No 7.5 7 6.5 7.5 7 7 7.5 8 7 7 relaxatio n 2 Alkalinity, 200 600 580 25 300 400 300 400 480 500 350 350 (mg/l) 0 3 Hardness, 200 600 730 42 600 400 350 300 1350 600 300 290 (mg/l) 00 4 TDS, 500 2000 2116 11 1800 1680 1560 1320 3996 3000 1500 1488 (mg/l) 82 0 5 Flouride, 1.0 1.5 2 0.5 1 1 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 1 (mg/l) 6 Iron, 0.3 No 2 0.3 1 0.3 0.3 1 1 3 1 1 (mg/l) relaxatio n 7 Nitrate, 45 No 45 45 45 75 75 45 45 45 45 45 (mg/l) relaxatio n 8 Ammonia, 0.5 No 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 (mg/l) relaxatio n 9 Nitrite, 10 No 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 (mg/l) relaxatio n 1 Phosphate, 0.1 1 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 0 (mg/l) 1 Electrical 0.5 - 6.34 8.7 3.35 3.64 3.51 2.70 8.85 8.95 3.31 3.23 1 conductivit 2 y, (ms/cm) 1 Turbidity, 1 5 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.1 1 0.5 3.4 0.3 0.6 2 (NTU) 5. Results and Discussions explains the significant contribution of geogenic factors. Table 2 explains the health impacts of water quality The analysis of test results indicated that values of Total parameters. Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Alkalinity and Chloride exceeded the desirable BIS limits (Table 1).. Asthe study area is located on the clay intercalation and it is situated on the stretch of marshy land, the quality and quantity of the groundwater is not appreciable. Thus pre-vailing groundwater chemistry and its quality 455 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue Parameter BIS General & Health effect Guideline value (Desirable) Total 500mg/lit Undesirable taste; gastro intestinal dissolved irritations; corrosion Solids(TDS) pH 6.5–8.5 Affects mucous membrane; bitter taste; corrosion; affects aquatic life Alkalinity 200 mg/lit Boiled rice turns yellowish Hardness 300 mg/lit Poor lathering with soap; deterioration of the quality of clothes; skin irritation; boiled meat and food become poor in quality Calcium 70 mg/lit Poor lathering and deterioration of the quality of clothes Magnesium 35 mg/lit Poor lathering and deterioration of clothes Nitrate 45 Blue baby disease) algal growth Sulphate 200 Taste affected; gastro intestinal irritation Chloride 250 Taste affected; corrosive Water quality index (WQI) rating and inference of 7. Recommendation water quality according to BIS 1. Rainwater Harvesting must be provided and should be Water Quality Index Water Quality Status made compulsary for each residential unit as it is Level considered as the economical solutions 0–25 Excellent 2. Consideration of schemes to construct 26–50 Good artifitialrecharge structures 51–75 Poor 3. Provision of government owned treatment units like 76–100 Very poor reverse osmosis, desalination , ion-exchange process etc. >100 Unsuitable for drinking to prevent the consumption of marginal quality water. 4. A groundwater assessment and estimation study 6.