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Description of All Developmental Stages of Allochernes Peregrinus Lohmander, 1939 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chernetidae)

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Description of All Developmental Stages of Allochernes Peregrinus Lohmander, 1939 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chernetidae) NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 8 (2): 205-214 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2012 Article No.: 121114 http://biozoojournals.3x.ro/nwjz/index.html Description of all developmental stages of Allochernes peregrinus Lohmander, 1939 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chernetidae) Jana CHRISTOPHORYOVÁ1*, Katarína KRAJČOVIČOVÁ1, Miroslav KRUMPÁL1 and Karel TAJOVSKÝ2 1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B–1, SK–842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia. 2. Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, CZ–370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received: 11. November 2011 / Accepted: 8. April 2012 / Available online: 26. May 2012 / Printed: December 2012 Abstract. An illustrated description of all developmental stages of the pseudoscorpion species Allochernes peregrinus Lohmander, 1939 is provided based on morphology and morphometrics. During the research, 48 specimens of Allochernes peregrinus were studied, with 46 of them collected in the Czech Republic and two in Slovakia. The analysis of female materials updated the known variability of morphological and morphometric characters, and the first descriptions of males and nymphs are given here. The main determination characters of the species are compared with those of other species in the genus Allochernes occurring mainly in neighbouring European countries. Habitat distribution of A. peregrinus is briefly discussed. Keywords: Pseudoscorpiones, Allochernes peregrinus, Czech Republic, Slovakia, morphology, morphometric analysis, taxonomy. Introduction (1972) noted that a single specimen was not suffi- cient for indisputable assignment to this species. Pseudoscorpions represent an arachnid order of a Some adults were later recorded in Central Europe medium diversity. Europe represents the best without any notes concerning their determination documented continent, with a known pseudo- characters – in Germany (Drogla 1983, Platen et al. scorpion fauna of about 760 species (Harvey 2007). 1995, Drogla & Lippold 2004), Slovakia (Krum- The genus Allochernes Beier, 1932 includes 31 spe- pálová & Krumpál 1993, Christophoryová & cies and 2 subspecies, and it is spread in North Af- Krumpál 2007, 2010), Czech Republic (Ducháč rica and widespread in Asia and Europe (Harvey 1995, 1999) and Austria (Mahnert 2004). Several 2009). The pseudoscorpion Allochernes peregrinus morphological and morphometric features of Lohmander, 1939 is distributed across several adults and tritonymphs were presented in the un- countries of Central and Northern Europe (Fig. published theses of DeVore-Scribante (1999) and 1A) – Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hun- Ducháč (2002). Two females of Allochernes aff. gary, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland and Sweden, peregrinus were collected in Azerbaijan by Dash- and in the USA (DeVore-Scribante 1999, Harvey damirov (1999). Until present only isolated records 2009). The species was described by Lohmander of A. peregrinus were known from the Czech Re- (1939) from Sweden based on one phoretic female public and Slovakia (Krumpálová & Krumpál attached to the leg of the fly Delia floralis (Fallén, 1993, Ducháč 1995, 2002, Christophoryová & 1824) (syn. Hylemyia floralis). Almost 30 years later, Krumpál 2007, 2010). Therefore this species was Rafalski (1967) recorded specimens of this species listed in the Red Data Book of the Czech Republic in Poland in deeper soil layers and under the as vulnerable (Šťáhlavský & Ducháč 2005). stones sunken into soil, but he did not specify Incomplete (and unpublished) description of which developmental stages were found. Mahnert males of A. peregrinus, together with the descrip- (1983) gave more data on morphological and mor- tion of females based only on a few specimens phometric characteristics of one female specimen poorly reflecting intraspecific variability and miss- sampled in Hungary. The first male of A. peregri- ing description of nymphs, led us to elaborate nus was found by Muchmore (1972, 1990) in beech these materials in more detail including i) descrip- leaf litter in New Hampshire, USA. Muchmore tion of all developmental stages of A. peregrinus in 206 J. Christophoryová et al. detail, ii) variability of morphological and mor- sented seven forest plant associations characteristic for phometric characteristics, and iii) summarization the given area: thermophilous oak (TO), mesophilous of all available data concerning distribution and oak-hornbeam (MOH), thermophilous oak-hornbeam (TOH), acidophilous oak (AO), basiphilous oak (BO), habitat preferences in Europe. plantations of deciduous (DP) and coniferous (CP) trees. 2 At each site, five soil samples (area of each 625 cm , depth Materials and Methods ca 10 cm) were taken in spring and autumn and speci- mens were heat extracted from samples in modified In total 48 specimens of Allochernes peregrinus were exam- Kempson apparatus. Five pitfall traps (each with diame- ined (15 females, 15 males, 10 tritonymphs, 6 deuto- ter 9 cm and formaldehyde killing-preserving solution) nymphs, 2 protonymphs). Forty-six of them were sam- with a year continual exposition and monthly sampling pled in the Czech Republic in fragmented forest land- intervals were used at each study site. Two adults from scape of the Český kras Protected Landscape Area in Cen- Slovakia (Fig. 1B) were included to the morphological tral Bohemia (Fig. 1B). During 2008–2009 soil sampling and morphometric analysis, findings of which were al- and pitfall trapping were used as methods in a set of se- ready published (Christophoryová & Krumpál 2007, lected forest fragments. Individual sampling sites repre- 2010). A B Figure 1. Distribution of Allochernes peregrinus in Europe (A) with the detail of distribution in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (B). Square indicates the type locality (Lohmander 1939), triangles indicate known and published records (Mahnert in litt., Rafalski 1967, Drogla 1983, Mahnert 1983, Krumpálová & Krumpál 1993, Ducháč 1995, Drogla & Lippold 2004, Christophoryová & Krumpál 2007, 2010) and circles indicate new records of species distribution. Description of developmental stages of Allochernes peregrinus 207 The faunistic data: Czech Republic, Český Kras, lo- row distinct, posterior furrow indistinct and situ- cality Strážište (leg. K. Tajovský, A. Tenčík) – formalde- ated close to posterior margin of carapace. Cheli- hyde traps situated in: MOH (49°92'N, 14°12'E, 422 m cerae (Fig. 2B): small, slightly sclerotized, 5 setae a.s.l.), 30.4.– 28.5.2008, 1 female; BO (49°92'N, 14°11'E, 432 on cheliceral hand, one on cheliceral movable fin- m a.s.l.), 30.4.–28.5.2008, 2 females; BO (49°92'N, 14°11'E, 432 m a.s.l.), 28.5.–25.6.2008, 1 female; soil samples from: ger; movable cheliceral finger with slender well- DP (49°91'N, 14°09'E, 234 m a.s.l.), 5.5.2009, 2 deuto- developed galea, main stalk with approximately nymphs; DP (49°91'N, 14°12'E, 352 m a.s.l.), 5.5.2009, 1 5–6 short terminal rami; cheliceral rallum of 3 deutonymph; MOH (49°91'N, 14°12'E, 415 m a.s.l.), blades, first distal blade of cheliceral rallum den- 5.5.2009, 5 males; MOH (49°92'N, 14°12'E, 422 m a.s.l.), ticulate anteriorly; small, largely unsclerotized 5.5.2009, 2 males, 5 tritonymphs; TOH (49°92'N, 14°12'E, teeth situated on both movable and fixed finger of 405 m a.s.l.), 5.5.2009, 2 males; AO (49°91'N, 14°11'E, 358 chelicera (Fig. 2B). Palps (Fig. 2C): slender, with m a.s.l.), 8.9.2009, 1 deutonymph; MOH (49°91'N, 14°11'E, 415 m a.s.l.), 8.9.2009, 3 tritonymphs; MOH (49°91'N, marked granulation mainly on base of chelal hand 14°09'E, 419 m a.s.l.), 8.9.2009, 2 tritonymphs, 1 proto- and fixed chelal finger, the rest of hand finely nymph; TOH (49°91'N, 14°10'E, 401 m a.s.l.), 8.9.2009, 1 granulate (Fig. 2C); chelal fingers with normal deutonymph; TOH (49°91'N, 14°09'E, 426 m a.s.l.), number of trichobothria (8 on fixed and 4 on mov- 8.9.2009, 5 males, 1 deutonymph, 1 protonymph. able chelal finger), venom apparatus developed Czech Republic, Český Kras, the Šamor-Mramor for- only in movable chelal finger, nodus ramosus est complex (leg. A. Tenčík) – formaldehyde traps situ- close and distal to subterminal trichobothria; ated in: TO (49.89'N, 14.12'E, 462 m a.s.l.), 30.4.–28.5.2008, 1 female; TO (49.90'N, 14.13'E, 466 m a.s.l.), 30.4.– movable chelal finger medially with only 1 acces- 28.5.2008, 3 females; CP (49.89'N, 14.12'E, 452 m a.s.l.), sory tooth and fixed chelal finger medially with 2 28.5.–25.6.2008, 3 females; CP (49.89'N, 14.12'E, 452 m accessory teeth (Fig. 2C). Legs: tarsus IV distally a.s.l.), 25.6.–23.7.2008, 1 female; TO (49.90'N, 14.12'E, 444 with a denticulate seta of highly varying length. m a.s.l.), 23.7.–19.8.2008, 1 female; TO (49.90'N, 14.13'E, Abdominal tergites I–X divided, tergite XI undi- 466 m a.s.l.), 23.7.–19.8.2008, 1 female. vided, tergite XI with a pair of relatively long tac- Slovakia, Malé Karpaty Mts., Cajla (leg. M. Holecová) tile setae (Fig. 2E). Both sexes of species were – sifted from leaf litter in oak-hornbeam forest (48°20'N, 17°16'E, 270 m a.s.l.), 25.5.1999, 1 female (Christophory- measured; body measurements are given in Table ová & Krumpál 2007). 1. Slovakia, Svätý Jur, Šúr Nature Reserve, Panónsky Female (Fig. 2, Table 1): Chaetotaxy of cara- háj (leg. O. Majzlan, Ľ. Vidlička) – Malaise trap situated in pace: carapace with 64–80 setae, 30–37 of them thermophilous old oak forest (48°13'N, 17°12'E, 130 m situated in front of anterior transverse furrow, a.s.l.), 7.6.2008, 1 male (Christophoryová & Krumpál posterior margin with 10–14 setae; 2–4 slitlike lyri- 2010).
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