DOCSLIB.ORG

Flyover Between Building in Japan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Flyover Between Building in Japan Flyover Between Building In Japan. 16-story building in Japan notable for highway going through it This article is about the Gate Tower Building in Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Japan. For the one in Rinku Town, see Rinku Gate Tower Building. Gate Tower BuildingゲートタワービルLocation within JapanGeneral informationTypeOffice buildingLocation5-4-21 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, OsakaCountryJapanCoordinates34°41′53″N 135°29′23″E​ / ​34.698102°N 135.489629°E​ / 34.698102; 135.489629Coordinates: 34°41′53″N 135°29′23″E​ / ​34.698102°N 135.489629°E​ / 34.698102; 135.489629Completed1992ClientSuezawa Sangyō Co. Ltd.Height71.9 m (236 ft)Technical detailsStructural systemReinforced concrete and partly steel frameFloor count16 above ground, 2 underground, 1 elevator equipment tower floorFloor area7,956 m2 (85,640 sq ft)Design and constructionArchitectAzusa Sekkei, Yamamoto-Nishihara Kenchiku Sekkei JimushōMain contractorSato Kōgyō Co. Ltd. Umeda Exit Gate Tower Building (ゲートタワービル, gēto tawā biru) is a 16 floor office building in Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Japan. It is notable for the highway offramp at Umeda Exit that passes through the building.[1] Overview The building has a double core construction, with a circular cross section. The Umeda Exit of the Ikeda Route of the Hanshin Expressway system (when exiting the highway from the direction of Ikeda) passes between the fifth through seventh floors of this building. The highway is the tenant of those floors. The elevator passes through the floors without stopping, floor 4 being followed by floor 8. The floors through which the highway passes consist of elevators, stairways and machinery. The highway does not make contact with the building.[2] It passes through as a bridge, held up by supports next to the building. The highway is surrounded by a structure to protect the building from noise and vibration. The roof has a helipad. History A wood and charcoal business held the property rights for this plot of land since the early Meiji period, but the gradual move to other sources of fuel resulted in the deterioration of those company buildings. In 1983, redevelopment of the area was approved, but building permits were refused because the highway was already being planned.[3] The property rights' holders refused to give up, and negotiated with the Hanshin Expressway corporation for approximately five years to reach the current solution.[1][4] Although normally highway corporations purchase the land they build a highway on or over, it is not guaranteed to succeed and therefore issues like this can arise. For that reason, the highway laws, city planning laws, city redevelopment laws and building codes were partly revised in 1989 to allow the unified development of highways and buildings in the same space. This system was originally designed to facilitate the construction of the second Ring Road in the vicinity of Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, but in the end was not applied there. Instead, the system was put into effect in the construction of the Gate Tower Building, becoming Japan's first building to have a highway pass through it. Normally, highways are still built underground in these cases, and passing through a building is an extremely rare occurrence. Profile Address: 5-4- 21 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Ōsaka City, Ōsaka Prefecture Completed: 1992 Site area: 2,353 m2 (25,327 sq ft) Construction area: 760 m2 (8,181 sq ft) Total floor area: 7,956 m2 (85,638 sq ft) Structure: Reinforced concrete and partly steel frame Height: 71.9 m (236 ft) Floors: 16 floors above ground, 2 floors underground and 1 top semi-tower floor used for elevator support machinery Purpose: Office building Client: Suezawa Sangyo Co. Ltd. Designer: Azusa Sekkei and Yamamoto-Nishihara Kenchiku Sekkei Jimushō Builder: Satō Kōgyō Co. Ltd. References ^ a b "Are these the most outrageous hotel designs ever?". News.com.au. Retrieved 16 June 2015. ^ (German) Martin Hackl, Marco Witt, Simon Bethke and Martina Beils: Verkehrsplanung: Durch dieses Hochhaus führt eine Autobahn (Transportation planning: An Expressway passes through this sky scraper), ProSieben – Galileo Magazine, Episode 397, Season 2016, 28 December 2016 (YouTube) ^ "El Gate Tower Building de Osaka, o cuando las autopistas atraviesan edificios". Japonismo. Retrieved 16 June 2015. ^ "10 Bizarre Buildings And Their Fascinating Histories". Retrieved 16 June 2015. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gate Tower Building. Sato Kogyo construction achievements Hanshin Expressway Corporation Hanshin Expressway and Gate Tower Building Photoset See also: List of aircraft structural failures, List of bridge failures, List of dam failures, and List of catastrophic collapses of radio masts and towers Main article: Structural failure This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: No differentiation between each type of structural failure, extremely hard to navigate. Transportation failures should be placed in their relevant accident lists. Please help improve this article if you can. (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) It has been suggested that portions of this article be split out into articles titled List of bridge failures, Dam failure, List of catastrophic collapses of radio masts and towers and List of aircraft structural failures. (Discuss) (February 2018) This is a list of structural failures and collapses, including some aircraft, bridges, dams, and radio masts/towers. This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. Buildings and other fixed man-made structures Antiquity – Middle Ages Year Structure Location Type Casualties 226 BC Colossus of Rhodes City of Rhodes, Island of Rhodes statue 0 27 Fidenae amphitheatre collapse Fidenae, Italia, Roman Empire amphitheatre 20,000+ ca. 27–30 Tower of Siloam Jerusalem, Israel tower 18 140 Upper tier collapse of the Circus Maximus Rome, Italia, Roman Empire amphitheatre ≈13,000 558 Dome of Hagia Sophia Constantinople, Byzantine Empire Church (building) 0 1275 St. Servatius Bridge Maastricht, Netherlands Bridge ≈400 1284 Choir of Beauvais Cathedral Beauvais, France Church (building) 0 1297 Stirling Bridge Stirling, Scotland bridge 1303 Lighthouse of Alexandria Alexandria, Egypt tower 0 1322 Ely Cathedral Tower Collapse Ely, England Church (building) 0 1382 Bell tower of St. Mary's church, Stralsund Stralsund, Hanseatic League (now in Germany) Church (building) 0 1444 Rialto Bridge Venice, Republic of Venice bridge 0 1500 Malmesbury Abbey Malmesbury, England Church (building) 0 1529 St. Elisabeth's Church, Breslau Breslau, Silesia Church (building) 1549 Lincoln Cathedral Lincoln, England Church (building) 1573 Tower of Beauvais Cathedral Beauvais, France Church (building) 1577 Martinikerk (Groningen) Groningen, free city; now part of The Netherlands Church (building) 17th century – 19th century Year Structure Location Type Casualties 1625 Tower of St. Olaf's church, Tallinn Tallinn, Sweden (now in Estonia) Church (building) 1647 Tower of St.-Marien-Kirche Stralsund, Duchy of Pomerania (now in Germany) Church (building) 1661 Tower of Reinoldikirche Dortmund, Hanseatic League (now in Germany) Church (building) 1666 St. Peter's Church, Riga Riga, Sweden (now in Latvia) Church (building) 8 buried in rubble 17th century Abbaye-aux-Hommes Caen, France Church (building) 1674 Nave of the Dom Church Utrecht, The Netherlands Church (building) 1697 Tower of St. Michael's Church, Klausenburg Klausenburg, Habsburg Monarchy (now in Romania) Church (building) c. 1715 Marsalforn Tower Xagħra, Gozo, Malta tower 0 1721 St. Peter's Church, Riga Riga, Sweden/Russia, now in Latvia Church (building) 1754 Church tower Willstätt, Germany (Badenia) Church (building) 1763 Tower of St. Michael's Church Klausenburg, Habsburg Monarchy (now in Romania) Church (building) 1777 Collegiate church of St. Mary Magdalene Posen, Prussia Church (building) 1831 Broughton Suspension Bridge Broughton, UK bridge 0 1845 Yarmouth Bridge Yarmouth, UK bridge 79 1847 Dee bridge disaster Chester, UK bridge 5 1850 Angers Bridge Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France bridge 226 1860 Pemberton Mill Lawrence, Massachusetts, US 1860 Wootton bridge collapse Wootton, UK bridge 2 1860 Bull bridge accident Ambergate, UK bridge 0 1861 Chichester Cathedral Spire Collapse Chichester, UK Church (building) 1864 Dale Dike Reservoir South Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom dam 244 [1] 1868 Saint Peter's Church, Fritzlar Spire Collapse Fritzlar, Germany Church (building) 21 1875 Portage Bridge Town of Portage, New York, US bridge 0 1876 Ashtabula River Railroad Disaster Ashtabula, Ohio, US 92 1879 Tay Bridge disaster Dundee, Scotland, UK bridge 75 1887 Bussey bridge disaster Boston, Massachusetts, US bridge 24–30 1889 South Fork Dam Johnstown, Pennsylvania, US dam 2,209 1890 Walnut Grove Dam Wickenburg, Arizona Territory, US dam 1891 Munchenstein rail disaster Munchenstein, Switzerland bridge 1896 Point Ellice Bridge Victoria, British Columbia, Canada bridge 55 1900s–1950s Year Structure Location Type Casualties 1901 Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company masts Poldhu, UK guyed masts 0 1901 Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company masts South Wellfleet, Massachusetts, US guyed masts 0 1902 St. Mark's Campanile Venice, Italy 1902 Ibrox disaster Glasgow, United Kingdom Stadium 25 Dead, 517 Injured 1904 Eden Railroad Bridge Collapse Eden, Colorado, US bridge 1905 Egyptian Bridge Saint Petersburg, Russia bridge 0 1906 National Electric Signaling Company mast Machrihanish, Scotland guyed mast 0 1907 Quebec Bridge Quebec City, Canada
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MARITIME OFF-RAMP He 2,356’ Long "Maritime Off- Ramp” Is One of Seven Bridge Tcontracts in California’S I-880 Replacement Project
    Prize Bridge Award:Grade Seperation MARITIME OFF-RAMP he 2,356’ long "Maritime Off- Ramp” is one of seven bridge Tcontracts in California’s I-880 Replacement Project. The Maritime Off-Ramp replaced a concrete struc- ture on Cypress Street (now named the Nelson Mandela Parkway) in Oakland. The “Maritime Off-Ramp,” also known as the Horseshoe Line or “HS” Line because of its 250’ radius horseshoe shape, is an orthotropic steel bridge. The remainder of the bridges in the project are steel plate girder bridges with concrete decks or post-tensioned cast-in-place con- crete. The “HS” Line becomes California’s sixth orthotropic bridge.Loma Prieta Earthquake On October 17, 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake (magnitude 7.1) occurred near Oakland and San Francisco, California. The I-880 Cypress Street Viaduct, a two-level reinforced concrete structure com- pleted in 1957 carried I-880 freeway traffic through downtown Oakland. The upper roadway collapsed result- ing in 41 deaths and 108 injuries. A portion of the roadway between 7th and 34th streets was removed due to the damage. I-880 is a critical interstate free- way connecting San Jose and the East Bay Area to San Francisco, Sacramento and the Sierra Nevada. The I-880 Freeway Viaduct was a section of I-880 that carried between 140,000 and 160,000 vehicles per day and provided for eight lanes of mixed-flow traffic. THE I-880 REPLACEMENT PROJECT The I-880 Replacement Project was designed and then built in seven separate construction contracts to avoid impacting traffic in this impor- tant transportation corridor.
    [Show full text]
  • Wireless Networks
    SUBJECT WIRELESS NETWORKS SESSION 2 WIRELESS Cellular Concepts and Designs" SESSION 2 Wireless A handheld marine radio. Part of a series on Antennas Common types[show] Components[show] Systems[hide] Antenna farm Amateur radio Cellular network Hotspot Municipal wireless network Radio Radio masts and towers Wi-Fi 1 Wireless Safety and regulation[show] Radiation sources / regions[show] Characteristics[show] Techniques[show] V T E Wireless communication is the transfer of information between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor. The most common wireless technologies use radio. With radio waves distances can be short, such as a few meters for television or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications. It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable applications, including two-way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Other examples of applications of radio wireless technology include GPS units, garage door openers, wireless computer mice,keyboards and headsets, headphones, radio receivers, satellite television, broadcast television and cordless telephones. Somewhat less common methods of achieving wireless communications include the use of other electromagnetic wireless technologies, such as light, magnetic, or electric fields or the use of sound. Contents [hide] 1 Introduction 2 History o 2.1 Photophone o 2.2 Early wireless work o 2.3 Radio 3 Modes o 3.1 Radio o 3.2 Free-space optical o 3.3
    [Show full text]
  • Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism
    DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM SRI LANKAN DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM By MYRA SIVALOGANATHAN, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Myra Sivaloganathan, June 2017 M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. McMaster University MASTER OF ARTS (2017) Hamilton, Ontario (Religious Studies) TITLE: Sri Lankan Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism AUTHOR: Myra Sivaloganathan, B.A. (McGill University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Mark Rowe NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 91 ii M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. Abstract In this thesis, I argue that discourses of victimhood, victory, and xenophobia underpin both Sinhalese and Tamil nationalist and religious fundamentalist movements. Ethnic discourse has allowed citizens to affirm collective ideals in the face of disparate experiences, reclaim power and autonomy in contexts of fundamental instability, but has also deepened ethnic divides in the post-war era. In the first chapter, I argue that mutually exclusive narratives of victimhood lie at the root of ethnic solitudes, and provide barriers to mechanisms of transitional justice and memorialization. The second chapter includes an analysis of the politicization of mythic figures and events from the Rāmāyaṇa and Mahāvaṃsa in nationalist discourses of victory, supremacy, and legacy. Finally, in the third chapter, I explore the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam’s (LTTE) rhetoric and symbolism, and contend that a xenophobic discourse of terrorism has been imposed and transferred from Tamil to Muslim minorities. Ultimately, these discourses prevent Sri Lankans from embracing a multi-ethnic and multi- religious nationality, and hinder efforts at transitional justice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Volcanic Foundation of Dutch Architecture: Use of Rhenish Tuff and Trass in the Netherlands in the Past Two Millennia
    The volcanic foundation of Dutch architecture: Use of Rhenish tuff and trass in the Netherlands in the past two millennia Timo G. Nijland 1, Rob P.J. van Hees 1,2 1 TNO, PO Box 49, 2600 AA Delft, the Netherlands 2 Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands Occasionally, a profound but distant connection between volcano and culture exists. This is the case between the volcanic Eifel region in Germany and historic construction in the Netherlands, with the river Rhine as physical and enabling connection. Volcanic tuff from the Eifel comprises a significant amount of the building mass in Dutch built heritage. Tuffs from the Laacher See volcano have been imported and used during Roman occupation (hence called Römer tuff). It was the dominant dimension stone when construction in stone revived from the 10th century onwards, becoming the visual mark of Romanesque architecture in the Netherlands. Römer tuff gradually disappeared from the market from the 12th century onwards. Early 15th century, Weiberner tuff from the Riedener caldera, was introduced for fine sculptures and cladding; it disappears from use in about a century. Late 19th century, this tuff is reintroduced, both for restoration and for new buildings. In this period, Ettringer tuff, also from the Riedener caldera, is introduced for the first time. Ground Römer tuff (Rhenish trass) was used as a pozzolanic addition to lime mortars, enabling the hydraulic engineering works in masonry that facilitated life and economics in the Dutch delta for centuries. Key words: Tuff, trass, Eifel, the Netherlands, natural stone 1 Introduction Volcanic tuffs have been used as building stone in many countries over the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Wireless Community Networks
    Wireless Community Networks A Guide for Library Boards, Educators, and Community Leaders by Robert L. Williams Texas State Library and Archives Commission Library Development Division 1999 This guide may be duplicated (in print or electronic form) freely for non-profit or educational purposes. The guide is available online in Portable Document Format (PDF) and HTML formats. The latest revisions will be available at the following location: http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/LD/Publications/Wireless/ TSLAC Cataloging in Publication Data: Williams, Robert L. Wireless community networks : a guide for library boards, educators, and community leaders / by Robert L. Williams. – [Austin, Tex.] : Library Development Division, Texas State Library and Archives Commission, 1999 129 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. 1. Wireless communication systems 2. Computer networks 3. Wide area networks (Computer networks) I. Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Library Development Division. II. Title. Comments or complaints regarding the programs and services of the Texas State Library and Archives Commission can be addressed to the Director and Librarian, P.O. Box 12927, Austin, Texas 78711-2927, 512-463-5460 or 512-463-5435 fax. Wireless Community Networking A Guide for Library Boards, Educators, and Community Leaders Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................... v Introduction................................................................ 1 Part I. Putting the Pieces Together 1. The Need for Community Networks ................ 9 2. Where Wireless Connectivity Fits In................ 21 3. Budgeting for Wireless Connectivity ............... 33 4. Where to Go Next .......................................... 53 Part II. Understanding the Concepts 5. Data Transfer Rates: A Primer........................ 57 6. Building a Local Area Network ....................... 63 7. WANs, MANs, and the Internet....................... 73 8. How RF Wireless Connections Work ..............
    [Show full text]
  • Remote Sensing for Post Disaster Management of Freight Transportation Networks
    Final Report Remote Sensing for Post Disaster Management of Freight Transportation Networks Shahram Pezeshk, Ph.D., P.E Gregory Taff, Ph.D. Charles V. Camp, Ph.D. and Mathew J. Bolton, Graduate Student ABSTRACT • ii ABSTRACT • ii ABSTRACT In the event of a natural disaster, assessing the status of our transportation network and repairing it is of critical importance to recovery efforts. We must also consider terrorist attacks worldwide in terms of infrastructure integrity assessment and recovery. Major roadways, if damaged at key locations, can be rendered useless for commercial traffic and more importantly, for emergency response and law enforcement vehicles. The delay or inability to answer emergency calls can lead to the loss of numer- ous lives. With the use of several geographic techniques and tools, these dangers can be minimized. This report documents the test of developing a method of research utilizing remote sensing tech- niques to detect damage to road bridges. Through using derived pixel data and algorithms, pre- and post- earthquake images are compared to identify difference in the pixels’ brightness values (BV’s). With these techniques we can develop an expedient assessment of the transportation infrastructure’s integrity throughout Shelby County, Tennessee if it were to play host to one of these disastrous evens. These techniques could be implemented throughout the rest of the world. This research develops methodology for damage detection for a possible future event. Our goal was to test these methods of bridges change detection on an area for which we have data on the integrity of multiple bridges (damaged or not), and high spatial resolution imagery of both before and after an earthquake.
    [Show full text]
  • SWB-Info QSL, Kommentarer
    Nummer: 1565. 12 juni 2005. Deadline nästa nr: 24/6 2005 (E mail 26/6 kl. 0900 SNT) Glad sommar! SWB-info Inledningen på sommaren kom av SWB online på HCDX: http://www.hard-core-dx.com/swb Dateline Bogotá: http://hem.ektv.nu/~ekt035221/Dateline.htm sig. I morse vaknade SWB hot stuff: http://hem.ektv.nu/~ekt035221/ (på denna sajt ligger alltid senaste SWB). vi till muller från ett SWB member information: http://www.hard-core-dx.com/swb/member.htm åskväder på Jubileumstidskriften: http://hem.ektv.nu/~ekt035221/ (html- + pdf-version). Hallandsåsen. Någon enstaka blixt var dock i närheten. QSL, kommentarer, mm. Det ser ut att dröja innan den riktiga Arnstein Bue: Jeg har fått noen ytterst få kortbølge-QSL også, innimellom alle mellombølge-QSL: sommarvärmen Radio Madang 3260 epost etter 13 dager, ZYG790 Rádio Caiari 4785,06 epost 1 dag etter f/up. kommer. I tillegg sender jeg logg over de siste kortbølgestasjonene jeg hørte - dessverre er det en stund siden ... De ble hørt på Smøla i september/oktober 2004 - ta dem med hvis du vil. Endast ett fåtal ser Jan Edh: Efter en otroligt usel natt i Fredriksfors (1-2 juni), där vi sedan kan läsa att Alvestad säger att ut att vara aktiva det rått excellenta konditioner mot framför allt Argentina och södra Brasilien och stationerna stått som och skickar över lite spön i backen, får vi väl fundera på om det är meningsfullt att lyssna den här tiden hos oss. Tiden bidrag. Tyvärr får vi används nog bättre för social samvaro där ute i så fall, eller naturligtvis för att förbereda för nästa säsong, nog dras med att men där jag ju tyvärr är litet för handikappad för att göra något verkligt meningsfullt.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics Response of Beam on Elastic Foundation with Axial Force to Partially Distributed Moving Loads
    Asian Research Journal of Mathematics 2(2): XX-XX, 2017; Article no.ARJOM.30643 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Dynamics Response of Beam on Elastic Foundation with Axial Force to Partially Distributed Moving Loads S. O. Sangoniyi 1 and F. O. Akinpelu 2* 1Department of Mathematics, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo, Nigeria. 2Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between two authors. Author SOS designed the study, wrote the protocol and as well wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author FOA managed the literature searches, analyzed the study and interpreted the results of the study. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARJOM/2017/30643 Editor(s): (1) (2) Reviewers: (1) (2) Complete Peer review History: Received: 22 nd November 2016 Accepted: 11 th January 2017 Original Research Article Published: 24 th January 2017 _______________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The dynamics response of Beam on elastic foundation with axial force to partially distributed moving loads was examined. The fourth order partial differential equation which is the governing equation was first reduced to second order differential equation by assume a solution in form of series solution and maple software was finally employed to obtain numerical solution in order to determine the behaviour of the system of discussion. The effect of mass of the beam on both the moving force and the moving mass were examined. It was noted that increase in mass of the beam is an increase in the transverse displacement for both the moving force and the moving mass with respect to both the tensile and the compressive forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Per Molti Secoli L'uomo Potè Attuare La Trasmissione Di Informazioni A
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI “FEDERICO II” POLI DELLE SCIENZE E DELLE TECNOLOGIE FACOLTÀ DI ARCHITETTURA DIPARTIMENTO DI CONFIGURAZIONE ED ATTUAZIONE DELL’ARCHITETTURA Dottorato in Tecnologia e Rappresentazione dell’Architettura e dell’Ambiente XVIII Ciclo Indirizzo: Rilievo e Rappresentazione dell’Architettura e dell’Ambiente - Settore Scientifico Disciplinare: ICAR/17- Tesi di Dottorato di Ricerca COMUNICAZIONE, TRASMISSIONE E SEGNI. LE TORRI EMITTENTI E RICEVENTI. Dottorando Docente Tutor Angelo Vallefuoco Prof. Arch. Mariella dell’Aquila Coordinatore d’indirizzo Coordinatore Prof. Arch. Mariella Dell’Aquila Prof. Arch. Virginia Gangemi 1 2 Indice Premessa 5 Capitolo primo LE TELECOMUNICAZIONI origini e sviluppo 9 1.1 - Le origini 9 1.2 - I primi passi delle comunicazioni elettriche 12 1.3 - Gli esordi delle telecomunicazioni in Italia 17 1.4 - Le telecomunicazioni italiane dal 1925 al 1945 26 1.5 - La ricostruzione degli impianti dopo gli eventi bellici del 1940/45 30 1.6 - Le telecomunicazioni italiane dal 1948 al 1980 31 1.7 - Le nuove frontiere delle telecomunicazioni ai nostri giorni 38 Capitolo secondo SISTEMI PER TRANS-MITTERE apparati emittenti e riceventi 45 2.1 - Sistemi di trasmissione 45 I segnali 46 I canali di comunicazione a distanza 47 Il "rumore" 50 Modello di un sistema di trasmissione 50 Le reti di telecomunicazione 52 Capitolo terzo FORMA E FUNZIONI evoluzione delle architetture per le telecomunicazioni 55 3.1 - I precursori delle torri di telecomunicazioni 55 3.2 - La torre Eiffel: simbolo della tecnica innovatrice del XIX secolo 56 3.3 - La Fernsehturm di Berlino: metafora e ideologia 62 3.4 - Forma e struttura: la torre di Collserola 69 3.5 - Natura e artificio: le torri per le comunicazioni di Calatrava 76 Conclusioni 81 Appendice: Le torri per le comunicazioni 85 Riferimenti bibliografici 129 3 4 Premessa La costruzione di una torre è uno dei sogni più grandi dell’umanità.
    [Show full text]
  • Strength Versus Weight Contradictions in Bridge Design
    Strength versus Weight Contradictions In Bridge Design Darrell Mann Systematic Innovation 5A Yeo-Bank Business Park Kenn Road, Clevedon BS21 6UW, UK Phone: +44 (1275) 337500 Fax: +44 (1275) 337509 E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Most if not all engineering systems experience a strength versus weight conflict of some description. The contradiction most commonly manifests itself in the balance designers attempt to strike between the need to ensure adequate strength, and the parallel desire to utilise the minimum amount of material, and thus achieve the lowest cost. The strength/weight conflict plays a particularly important role in the design of bridges. In order to remain competitive in the bridge engineering sector, designers are forced into a perpetual drive to achieve bridge designs which use less materials than their predecessors. Historical evidence firmly suggests that, using traditional design approaches, this quest for ever better strength/weight ratios – coupled with other factors - inevitably leads to some kind of catastrophic failure:- Bridge Probable Failure Year Interval Type Mechanism Dee Trussed Girder Torsional Instability 1847 - Tay Truss Unstable in wind 1879 32 Quebec Cantilever Compressive buckling 1907 28 Tacoma Narrows Suspension Aerodynamic instability 1940 33 Milford Haven Box Girder Plate Buckling 1970 30 ? Cable-Stayed ? Instability ? c2000 c30 Source: Sibley & Walker, ‘Structural Accidents and Their Causes’, I CivE, 1977 Table 1: Landmark Bridge Failures TRIZ offers much to both help understand the mechanisms underlying the bridge failure trend, and – more importantly – offers tools to help designers continue to innovate new design solutions which improve strength/weight ratios without compromising the structural integrity of the bridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Embarcadero Boulevard a City Reunited with Its Waterfront San Francisco, California, United States Prepared by Ginger Daniel and Andrea Slusser
    Embarcadero Boulevard A City Reunited with its Waterfront San Francisco, California, United States Prepared by Ginger Daniel and Andrea Slusser Above: PreserveNet Below: kateandderek.com History of the Embarcadero Freeway “[The Embarcadero Free- way] cut off the downtown In the name of modernization and post-war progress, the Embarcadero from the water that gave Freeway—formerly known as Route 480—was a part of a larger birth to it, and it left the transportation plan to crisscross San Francisco with a network of iconic Ferry Building -- a statuesque survivor of the freeways. Construction of the Embarcadero Freeway began in 1953, 1906 earthquake -- stranded and was originally intended to directly connect the Golden Gate Bridge behind a dark wall of car to the Bay Bridge. Reacting to the unsightly intrusion of freeways exhaust and noise.” into their neighborhoods and fragmentation of the urban fabric these – John King structures were causing, residents of San Francisco protested during what is now referred to as the “Freeway Revolts” (PreserveNet, n.d.). Demonstrations and petitions eventually gathered enough momentum to convince the San Francisco Board of Supervisors to cancel the network and curtail the highway projects already underway, which included the Embarcadero Freeway. The sudden halt was evident in the “stub” road west of the structure’s Broadway off-ramp, and at a total length of 1.2 miles, the freeway never came close to connecting the Bay Bridge to the Golden Gate Bridge, as originally planned. PAGE 1 | SAN FRANCISCO’S EMBARCADERO BOULEVARD A waterfront, cloaked in concrete... The Embarcadero Freeway Structure Detested by the people, the Embarcadero Freeway physically cut the city’s northern waterfront off from the rest of the city, and subsequent architecture followed suit: buildings “turned their backs” (Eckerson, 2006) to the freeway and the waterfront beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • 10307 <888> 09/30/13 Monday 11:40 P.M. I Drank a 24 Ounce Glass of 50% Schweppes Ginger Ale and 50% Punch
    10307 <888> 09/30/13 Monday 11:40 P.M. I drank a 24 ounce glass of 50% Schweppes Ginger Ale and 50% punch. http://www.stamfordvolvo.com/index.htm . When I was driving my 1976 Volvo 240 many years ago, I chatted with a Swedish girl down on the pier on Steamboat Road who apparently was http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/hrhcrownprincessvictoria.4.39616051158 4257f218000503.html . She was attending www.yale.edu at the time and living in Old Greenwich. http://www.gltrust.org/ Greenwich Land Trust http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24328773 Finnish Saunas !!!!!! Mystery 13th Century eruption traced to Lombok, Indonesia 'TomTato' tomato and potato plant unveiled in UK CIO <888> 09/30/13 Monday 10:10 P.M. In watching "Last Tango in Halifax" this past Sunday evening, they talked about having eight foot snow drifts in Halifax, England, so I guess they have bad weather there in the winter. On October 1, as usual or today, a lot of the seasonal workers around here will be heading south for the winter to join the the larger number of winter residents down south. The weather is still nice here, but there is a bit of a chill in the air. There will probably still be a few hardy individuals left up north to face the oncoming winter. I have friends in Manhattan that live near the Winter Palace http://www.metmuseum.org/ . CIO <888> 09/30/13 Monday 9:45 P.M. My order for 50 regular $59 Executive 3-Button Camel Hair Blazer- Sizes 44-52 for $62.53 with tax and shipping will not be available until November 1, 2013, since it is back ordered.
    [Show full text]