Vol. 2, no. 2, June 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 81

Generic Key to the Known Larvae of the , Passandridae, and of America North of MeXico (Coleoptera)

M.e. Thomas Pest Identification Laboratory West Virginia Department of Agriculture Charleston, V\'Y 23505

Abstract genera: (Silvanidae: Uleiotinae) Telephanus (1 sp.), UleitJta illustrated generic identification keys are present- ed to the known larvae of Cucujidae, Passandridae, and (2 spp), Sih1Qnus (2 spp), and Catbartosih1Onus (1 SF ); Silvamdae occurrmg m AIrienca north of MeXICO. (Passandridae) (1 sp.), Scalidia (1 sp.); (Cucu­ Introduction jidae: Cucujinae) Cucujus (1 sp.), Pediacus (1 sp.); ~aemoghloeinae~ lAem~;:roeus (sens. str~ (3 s~.), PIa­ With the exception of a few stored products pests rwtus sp.), CrYtolest~ spp.)J Dysmer s (l s~, ?Nal- in the Laemophloeinae and , and a few large, commonforms belonging to genera suCh as Cucujus Fab ricius, Uleiota Latreille, and Telephanus Erichsen, the larvae of very few cucujids or silvanids have been de­ American genera for which larvae are still unknown are: scribed or iUasLtated. Existing deSCriptions and iHasLra- (Laemophloeinae) Rhinomalus, Champhleeus, Leptoph tions often are old and not very useful taxonomically. loeus, Parandrita, Rhabd¥l!ihloeus, Dein~hloeus; (Sil­ Previouslypublished larval keysmgeneraofCucu- vanidae) Pensus and 7vonoplus. TG larvae of jidae and related families ~clude Peyerimhoff (1902), . n lAem hloeus Placonotus and Phloe- o us were reare 0 a s an ave een en families; Beving (1921), which keys out the subfamilies numerous times in associatiOn With adults Ihe larvae of and five of the genera dealtwith here; and Cutler (1971), two of the species of Cryptolestes, Cathartus, and Ory­ which differentiates four species of stored prodacts Sil- zaephillts, and one of the species ofJ.hasverus were taken vanidae in threegenera. Pal(1981) recentlydescribed the from cultures. The larvae of the remainder of the s~ecies larva of MonarUls c:oncmnlllils (Wa:J.kel") wereidentifiedbyassociation with adults or tluou h tlle The family arrangement used here is that of Crow- literabtre Couplet19 wasmodified from an unpublished son (1981); the assigmnent of genera to subfamilies in key to thelarval mandiblesofseveral stored productssil­ tlle Silvanidae follows Thomas (19843.). A conser vative vanidsby D.}. Vail,}r. Figure15 wasredrawn frOm SaaIas course is followed in maintaining the Laemophloeinae ~91~. s~ensexamined are in the collections of the as a subfamily of the CuO!jidae, although there is eVi- uri aoUectionof Artluopods, tlle u.s. National dence for considering it of full family rank allied to the Museum of NabJIal History, California Academy of Phalacridae and Propalticidae (Thomas 1984b). SCIences, DH. HabeCk, and the author. In preparing this key to larvae, I have examined Success in using this key deptmds on @X&l'lination representatives of species belonging to the following with a transmitted light microscope of cleared, slide-

M.e. Thomas: Known Larvae Pages 81=89 82 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 2, June 1988 mounted specimens. A number of new characters used 6'. Sensoryprocessofantennomere II less thanhalf in the key have been discovered and are best observed as long as antennomere III, as in Fig. 12; mand in this way. However, the pigmented spots that are asso- ible with or without grinding mola 7 dated with the ocelli ale destroyed dwing dealing and 7(6'). Mandible with acute basal tooth in place of should be examined and sketched beforehand. grinding mula . 1 Body physogastric: mouthparts, antennae. and Dysmerus Casey and ?Narthecius LeConte legs reduced; ectoparasltOlds on xylophagous 7' . Mandible With gnndmg mola (Fig. 9) . Coleoptera (Passandridae) Cryprolestes Ganglbauer ... catogenus Westwood and 5calidia ErichSOn 8(2). Cardo not divided (Fig. 1); urogomphi fixed 1'. Body not physogastric; mouth parts, antennae, hom like; abdominal segment X smaH, ventral and legsnormal; known habits not parasitoid (Cucujinae) 9 ...... 2 8'. Cardo divided (Fig. 13), urogomphi, if present, 2( I) Maxillary mala falciform; maxillary articulating not hom- like; abdominal segment X forming a area not reduced; cardines present (Fig. 1); ab­ posterior pygopod (Silvanidae) 10 dominal segment VIII subequal to, or shorter 9(8). Urogomphi arising directly from tergite IX (Fig. than,se~ent"11 8 14), not on a sdeIOtized stalk . 2'. . Cucujus Fabricius 9 . Urogomphi ansmg from a sclerotized stalk on nal segment "III noticeably longer than seg- tergite IX (Fig. 15) , ... PediacllS Shuckard ment VII (LaemophlOeinae) 3

ous (in slide-mounted specimens) paired

"III selerotized for most oflength (Fig. 4- 6) . .4 3'. AbdommaI tergItes and stermtes Without con­ spicuous paired patches of asperities, although scattered, minute asperities can be observed under high magnification; in most species; ab- 11(10). Abdominal telgite IX without urogomphi, sens- dominalsegment\'IIIsclerotizedonlynearapex ory process of antenna barely enlarged at base (Fig 7) (the larva of Cryptnlestes punctatus (I,e- (Fig 20) .Telephanus Erichson Conte) has abdominal segment vm sclerotized 11' Abdominal tergite IX with urogomphi; sensory as in Fig. 4-6, but laCkS paired patChes of asperi- process of antenna with bUlbous base (Fig. 21) ties) 6 ...... 12 4(3). Mandibles without a grinding mola (Fig. 8): dis- 12(11'). Urogomphi longer than abdominal segment X; tinct aspenties present on abdommal segment posterior angles of abdominal sternite VllI pro­ VII Laemophloous Dejean duced posteriorly so that they resemble second- 4'. Mandibleswith a distinct grindingmola; asperi- ary urogomphi (Fig. 22) 13 ties on abdominal segment VII visible only 12'. Urogomphi shorter than abdominal segment X;

under high magnification. 0" ...... 0 ...... 5 posterior angles of abdominal sternite \'III not

produced posteriorly (Fig. 23) 0 0 0 ••••• 5(4'). Abdominal sternite VIII with a longitudinal Cryptamorpha Wollaston sderofiZedstripbOrderedon60thSides bY mem- branous tissue (Fig. 5); mola narrow, as in Fig. 9 13(12). Antennomere III as long as II; five ocellar pig- .... Laemophloeus (sens. lat) chamaeropis Casey ment spots present, three anteriorly and two 5'. Abdominal sternite VIH witl. a single longitudi- posteriorly ...... Dendlophagus White nal membranous area (Fig. 6, 28); mola broad 13'. Antennomere III shorter than II; six ocellar pig­ (Fig ]0) Placonotus Macleay ment spots present. four anteriorly and two posteriorly Uleiota Latreille 6(3'). Sensory process of antennomere II more than half as long as antennomere III (Fig. 11); mand­ 14(10'). Oceuar pigment spots arranged in three groups

ible with mola acute, without grinding surface of two spots each .... 0 0 •• 0 0 0 • l\40nanus Sharp

•• 0 0 ••• 0 0 •••••••• 0 0 0 •••• • 1Athropus Erichson

Moe. Thomas: Known Larvae Pages81 89 Vol. 2, no. 2, June 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 83

14'. Ocellar pigment spots not armnged in three measured from anterior edge oflabrum to base groups of two spots each 15 of head capsule 18 11'. Antemrae shorter Uranlength of head 19 15(14'). Abdominal tergite IX with two tubercles (Fig. 24) 16 18(17) Antennomeremmoreorlessdome-shaped (Fig 15' . AbdommaI tergtte IX Without tubercles ....17 19) Cilthartosllvanus Grouvelle 18'. Ant@nnoffi@r@ III produc@d, n@arIY parn.IIel- 16(15). TergaJ. shields heaVily sclerotized; ocellar pig­ sided (Fig. 27) Silvanus Latreille ment spots armnged in two distinct groups, as in Fig. 25 Nausibius Redtenbacher 19(17'). Abdominal tergal shields distinctly pigmented; ]6'. Iergal shields lightly sclerotlzed: ocellar pig- subapical tooth on mandibles not prominent ment spots not arranged in two distinct groups ...... Ahasverus Gozis (Fig. 26) ...... oryzaephilu8 Gangu>aUer 19'. Thoracic tergaI shields obsol@scMt; sUbapiCal tooth on mandibles prominent . 17(15'). Antenna distinctly longer than length of head ...... Cathartus Reiche

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:; I ~""" n - .. ,==-======::"s;~",==/~/=====../=t======t======II

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Figures 1-3. 1) Cucujtls davipes Fabricius, maxilla; 2) Laemophloetls bigzlttattls (Say), maxilla; 3) Placonotus modestus (Say), abdominal segment IV, ventral view. Line = O.5mm for Fig. 1 and 3, 0.125mm for Fig. 2.

M.e. Thomas: Known Lar/ae Pages 81--89 84 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 2, June 1988

I \ ...... , ...... ". ' . ; ...... ' ... ." .... \ ,. I.,. "'\ . \ "- .' ;: .' \. ·l I X ,. r , /'/ ...... -- r--. \ "~ / 'I., / ~ '" ~ A"\ ...... /' A ~ .f l·r ...... \. , ,,"- J "\ ~ '\ / ", 1'; A"l~ / /!\~;;J' "'" ~ :: : :', -.--=f ..,..... '\J .... ,:. ·.r.···~···: ...... ,, r '\ \ '--..... / 'i·,·:~\·CVJ7i: \ ) \. / - A ), '\ l' \g'..~~:; r' "" )/ .-. l'\ 'I ". ..,...... 9 :I r ,( \r \ ~·(;;f:!·':::~·:;·tif'." /' 1 \ I'>/.A / , ~ I, ~; \ "'" /, 'V \ J/'/'..~ """ "'- , '\ ..:- ~" I I 1/ \\ I I ~~. .-,J -J- ,,- /' "-

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r \ I ./ r: , : / t 1 \ / /\/ \ / z. .' '" ""~ .. .. / \:.: ..,...... / '" ...... f '\ '" ':.~" 1\ .' :,.,'" .. / R.. \.~.?7Y\ "' G "~\) f ....._..\ 01 1 / I "- " , '\ ..tt ...... " • // If ! , ,I / \. A - (\·,<·..1), / /( \\~ '" / .. A···. 0- '/ll~ ~, ~ ~ if \\ ~ , ./ \ , v " / '" /v \j "

Fi9urea 4-1. 4) Luemohtoeusp higuttutus (y),Sa apex of abdmnen, venlraf view,)5 Luemohlueusp (sens.lut.j chumueropis Schwarz same; 6) Placonotus modestus (Say), same; 7) Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), same. Line = O.5mm.

M.e. Thomas: Known Larvae Pages81 89 Vol. 2, no. 2, June 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 85

/r - / "n \

\ ,\/ ..,- / ~ \ / / /' ./ " 7 / r 9- \- / ( 10 / .... 'l--/ • / '- .. 1 / / I / • I <.\ "", ./ (J

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If l/ II J 11 \ ~ , .- (/ I \ ...... J ..... -'1 ./ I , 7 r-·-·_····-,- l 1 I / I -'" / -

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I"lgures 6-13. ~) L.aemop1iloeus mguttatus (Say), manadJle, 9) Cryptolestes pustUus (Sctlonnerr), same, 10) f'laconolus moaeslus (Say), same; 11) lnthropus pictus Schwarz, antenna; 12) Placonotus modestus (Say) same: 13) Telephanus velox (Haldeman). max- ilIa. Line = O.5mm for Fig. 8, O.125mm for Fig. 9-11, O.25mm for Fig. 12, O.875mm for Fig. 13.

M C. ThOmas' Known Lw'ae Pages 81-89 86 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 2, June 1988

L J 1\ , /\~ _.RI\. \ ...... W \ \ I r "fJ.. -- .'. I '--'~ / I \\ I \. /' \ lTl.1 \ I. ~ - ~ If.U 11./ - ..... V"1/, 1/ / \. "-.\ ... 1 \ I TT V. f/

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/)1/P T\ A ." 1:1 \ \ 1..1 ~ \\-- y '\ Ii' / \ /; / \\ // \ ~ J \

Figures 14-17. 14) CucuJus clavlpes Fabricius, abdominal apex, dorsal VIew, 15) PedUJeus fuscus Enchson, same (redrawn from Saalas 1917); 16) Uleiota dl.bUl (Fabricius), antenna; 17) Telephanlls velox (Haldeman), tarsunguJus TiDe 1 2mm for Fig 14, O.5mm for Fig. 16, O.167mm for Fig. 17.

Me Thomas' Known J arvae Pages 81--89 Vol. 2, no, 2, June 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 87

j /

\ If:flV \ / ~ 1\ \ 'j j J/ I~ ( 't" I\ '11 VII Jt j:J--- 7\---' 7\ \I It10 y, /10 I \ ) " IU ~ IU -= \ I"f I' .,/ / / X'~ I I <' / I I 1\

Figures 18-23. 18) Oryzaepbilus surinamensis (I innaeus), antenna; 19) CathartosilzlQuus imbellis (I eConte) antenna' 20) Tel- ephiinus velox (Haldeman), sensory process of anfennomere III; 21) UlelOta dub/Q (Fabnous), same; 22) UlelOta dubia (FabnclUs), abdominal apex, ventral view; 23) Cryptamorpha des}ardiusi (Guerin) same Line - 0167mm for Fig. 18-19. 0.07mm for Fig. 20-21, 0.5mm for Fig. 22-23.

M(I barnas' Known larvae Pages 81--89 88 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 2, no. 2, June 1988

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:::::-- ;... ".,. .0-:, •• ""

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I >vi '" I ~I '~ F -..Iv / hA- P-.'. / P"j \' _. ,! \ / , j FF /1 \ L / " II / \ i \'

\ /7'. ;/ /I / /, fJ " l ,,~ \ h~ .// J §/ II \\ \ / // II \\ \J / /~~ II \, ••••-- /~" \...... J 4_ ~ II £0 ,," /F \\ II f;, \' V , ~ YI I I ~ y \j' , 1 Figures 24-28. 24) Oryzaephtlus surinamensls (tinnaeus), abdonunal apex, oblique View; 25) Cllthartost'tvanus imbettis (le- Conte). ocellar pigment spots: 26) Orymephilus mercator (Fauvel). same: 27) Gennar. antenna! apex: 28) Plaamotus modestus (Say), larva, ventral view, length 4.Omm. Line = O.5mm for Fig. 24, O.07mm for Fig. 27, O.67mm for Fig. 25-26.

Me Thomas: Known Larvae Pages 81-89 Vol. 2, no. 2, June 1988 INSECTA MUNDI 89

Acknowledgements r"Jlasverus advena (WaItI), Cathartus quadricol lis (Cuer.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and For makin s ecimens under their care available . . ors y an 00, ori a e c .on vanidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 7:125-127. of , and 0 E Andersen, National Museum of Natural HiStory; I espeaally thank. 1.R. Frank, UnIVer­ Pal, T.K. sity of Florida, for critically reading this manuscript and ]981 On Monanus Sharp (Coleoptera-Silvanidap) for trying outan earlierversion of this key and pointing from India. Oriental 15:241-255. out problem areas, O.J. Vail, Jr., Atlanta Regional Peyerimhoff, P. de. Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, for 1902. Descriptions des laf\'es de trois Coleopteres permission to use his unpublished observations; and exotiques. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 71:710-718, 6 o H Habeck I Jni~rsity of Elori

M.e. Thomas: Known Larvae Pages81~9