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2009 Reports Easterla, David A. (Distinguished University Professor of Biology) “A Preliminary Investigation of Pleistocene (Ice Age) Vertebrate/Mammal Fossils Unearthed at Sand/Gravel Pits in Southwest Iowa – (Continued)” Abstract – Northwest Missouri State University Faculty Research Grant Department of Biological A101 25008 222 Sciences 2009-2010 Garrett-Strong Science Building A number of sand/gravel pits in southwest Iowa were investigated for vertebrate 660.562.1388 office fossil remains. These fossils were occasionally unearthed accidently as sand and 660.562.1188 fax gravel were excavated for commercial purposes. Most of the fossils were of local Pleistocene age (still partial bone) and had been mixed with gravel and sand during this period and deposited in curves of the Ice Age rivers. Some of the fossils were completely mineralized and dated back to the Miocene and Pliocene; these fossils undoubtedly were of glacial origin (Kansasan?) and brought South from the North. Most of the mineralized fossils were fragments or badly broken and difficult to identify. Following are Pleistocene fossils identified: Extant: Coyote (Canis latrans), Red Fox (Vulpes fulva), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Modern Beaver (Castor canadensis), Modern Bison (Bison bison), White- nsand transitions tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), American Elk (Cervus elaphus), and Caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Extinct: Jefferson’s Ground Sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii), Giant Beaver (Castoroides ohioensis), Ice Age Horses (Equus sp. – three species?), Ice Age Bisons (Bison antiquus and Bison occidentalis), Woodland Muskox (Symbos cavifrons) and Harlan’s Muskox (Bootherium bombifrons) = conspecific?, Fugitive Deer (Sangamona fugitiva)?, Stag-Moose (Cervalces scotti), Columbian Mammoth (Mammuthus columbi), Jefferson’s Mammoth (Mammuthus jeffersonii), Woolly Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)?, and American Mastodon (Mammut americanum). This preliminary study suggests a very diverse mammalian fauna during the Pleistocene Ice Age in southwest Iowa and adjacent areas. During the study MANY vertebrate Pleistocene fossils were brought to the writer (or had been found by the writer) in adjacent rivers near the sand/gravel pits. It appears that Ice Age vertebrate fossil deposits in sand/gravel pits are just a small part of any CelebratingNorthwest: 100 years of traditio investigation concerning the Ice Age vertebrates during a cool time when coniferous forests and their fauna dominated the area. Any future investigation of the Pleistocene fossils still eroding out of our present day rivers should provide much added information concerning this subject. Most local rivers are some 15-25 feet deep, and easily extend back in time some 10,000 to 35,000 years (e.g. 800 University Drive approximately 100 years for every inch of soil formed). Maryville, MO 64468-6001 www.nwmissouri.edu Easterla, David A. (Distinguished University Professor of Biology) “A Mold and Cast Made From a Fossil Skull of the Rare and Extinct Woodland (Helmeted) Muskox (Symbos cavifrons) From the Platte River, Nodaway County, Missouri” Abstract – Northwest Missouri State University Faculty Research Grant A101 25006 222 – Summer 2009 Recently a fossil skull of the rare and extinct Woodland (Helmeted) Muskox (Symbos cavifrons) was discovered in the Platte River, Nodaway County, Missouri. Although the finder wanted to keep the skull, he agreed to allow the Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, to make a mold and cast of the skull. After several transactions (and trips) involving the vertebrate paleontology department at the University of Kansas, a cast of the fossil muskox skull was obtained from the created mold. This fine muskox skull cast is now on display on the third floor of the Garrett-Strong Science Building in the Warren S. and Rita Peck Shuck Museum of Life Sciences. Dear Nancy: I have finally completed all aspects of the ‘High Resolution Mapping’ project for which I received funding via an Applied Research grant. I realize that this project was slated for completion on 1 August 2009. However, the project resulted in a second, Undergraduate Research Project that was a direct extension of the mapping project. As such, I felt that I could not adequately address the outcome of the project until this second project was completed. The second project was completed and presented at the 2010 North-Central/South-Central combined meeting of the Geological Society of America. The project was selected for oral presentation by Matt Aldieri, and undergraduate geology major from NWMSU. Undergraduates are rarely selected as oral presenters; this is a great honor for Matt and indicates the high quality of this research effort. I have attached a copy of Matt’s UGR research proposal. I can also provide a copy of the digital map if you deem it necessary. Finally, while we were not successful in all aspects of this project (the GIS work was especially daunting), the project was so successful that Dr. Rohs and I are in the planning stages for a larger grant to more thoroughly investigate the non-felsic dikes throughout the Precambrian granitic terrane in southeastern Missouri. Please feel free to call or email if you have any questions, comments, or concerns. Sincerely, Aaron W. Johnson Assistant Professor of Geology Department of Geology and Geography Northwest Missouri State University 80 University Drive Maryville, MO 64468 660.562.1569 [email protected] Researcher’s Name: Johnson, A.W. and Rohs, C.R. Project Title: High resolution mapping of mafic dikes in the Silvermines Granite, St. Francois Mountains of SE Missouri. Type of Grant: Applied Research Grant Start Date: October 29, 2007 Amount Approved: $820.00 Finish Date: April 30, 2010 Findings and Recommendations: Previous studies of a 1.3 m-wide diabase dike intruding the Silvermines granite along the St. Francois River in SE Missouri identified plagioclase (60%), opaque minerals (17-19%), chlorite, serpentine, quartz, calcite, and pyrite and an unusual texture consisting of small spherical structures rimmed with magnetite crystals surrounding finer-grained calcite. We mapped the location of 9 mafic dikes in 1 square mile of Silvermines granite. Dikes ranged from 2 inches to 4 feet in width and 5 to 90 feet in length. We used GPS waypoints and standard mapping techniques locate these dikes to within ± 3 feet. We sampled each dike and nearby quartz veins to assess the mineralogy and chemistry of this suite of dikes. We imported a scanned topographic map into Adobe to create a digital base layer. We then analyzed 16 samples collected from eight of the non-felsic dikes located during the mapping project. Petrology of the dikes was consistent, with carbonate (8-48%), plagioclase (8-58%), sericite, olivine (tr-10%), magnetite (6-80%), and pyrite being the dominant minerals present. Two unusual textures were identified. The first consisted of aligned plagioclase crystals in a matrix of magnetite (~80% of rock volume), implying a primary origin for magnetite in this dike. The second included magnetite-rimmed carbonate-rich spherules similar to those identified in previous work. These spherules were found both in the 1.3 meter Silvermines dike and in two other dikes in the dike swarm. One sample contained what appears to be a magnetite spherule. Nine samples included quartz crystals (trace to 50%). Quartz crystals likely result from magma contamination by granite debris during emplacement of non-felsic dikes. The dikes of the Silvermines area are mafic, have been subsequently altered, perhaps by mineralizing fluids, and in some cases, magma may have encountered the proper conditions to evolve to a magnetite-rich composition. Expenditures by Type and Amount: Transportation to Field Site: $330.75 Postage: $7.20 Educational Services & Supplies: $286.52 Total: $624.47 Balance: $195.53 Applied Research Project Final Report Researchers’ Names, Titles, Departments Gary McDonald, Professor, CSIS Merry McDonald, Professor, CSIS Jon Rickman, Vice-President Information Systems Phillip Heeler, Professor, CSIS Project Title: Improving Energy Usage Awareness on the Northwest Campus Grant Details Grant type: Applied Research Date granted: November 24, 2009 Amount of grant: $3,156.00 Date completed: July 22, 2011 Findings and Recommendations: The objective of this project was to obtain and analyze data regarding current energy usage on the Northwest campus. Researchers measured power usage for typical computing equipment used on campus, including laptops, desktops, Macs, monitors, and printers. A comparison of power meters was performed and it was determined that a very inexpensive meter (Kill-A- Watt) was sufficient for our needs. This significantly reduced the funds needed for this project. Additional Kill-A-Watt power meters were purchased, and these were attached to a variety of devices for extended time periods (typically one month) to determine power usage. A separate, and more expensive, power meter was purchased by Computing Services to measure energy usage for the primary computing center for campus, housed in Owens Library. From the data collected, we were able to reach some general conclusions, such as computer monitors contribute heavily to the energy usage of a computer system, but monitors that are sleeping use a negligible amount of energy compared to a monitor that is turned off. Overall, it turned out to be very difficult to get reliable results since results seem to depend heavily on computer configuration and
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