100% Unicast and Multicast • 18% to 62% Multicast Gain (Stream 600 62% 80% 55% 58% 60% 48% 52% 43% 60% Count Reduction) Over 10 Year Model 400 37% 28% 40% 200 18%

IP Video Evolution

BRKSPV-1257

Bill VerSteeg Distinguished Engineer Filling in for Ken Morse, CTO Connected Devices Agenda

• Market Disruptors

• Challenges and Opportunities (aka Decisions, Decisions)

• The Big Picture Architecture

• Areas of Focus

– Media Origination Services

– In-Home Architecture and Clients

– HTML 5 Bridging Experiences

– Home Network and Device Management

– HEVC and Ultra HD

– Bandwidth Modeling

• Futures

Creation Aggregation Distribution Consumption Film Studios, Broadcasters Media Networks TV Operators CE/CPE Manufacturers

Choices Distribution Across Side Activities Appetite for Grow Screens Shifts Grow Video Grow

What How Where Less More Non- More More I want To To To Traditional Traditional Connected Social More! Watch Watch It Watch It TV TV

More Creators Anytime Anywhere Time Spend Time Spend Same Same Traditional Total Consumption Studio | Users Live | Time-Shifted Home | On the Go TV | DVR | DVD Traditional | Cloud Traditional + + More New Traditional + Cloud More New More Distributors On Any Screens/Device Devices Devices Same Room Talk Traditional | OTT TV | Web| Mobile |CE Traditional TV | Mobile | Game Eat @ TV + + Social Forum Online Browse Internet Chat Key Experience Design Challenges • Navigation • Time-Shift TV • Access • Interoperability • Augmented TV • Content-Centricity • Discovery • Recording • Adaptivity • Synchronization • Simplicity • Search • Management • Quality • Context Awareness • Relevancy • Consistency • Synchronization • App Integration • Scalability • Control

. The following questions come up time and time again – How do I accelerate service velocity to compete effectively with OTT? – How do I make sure I can support the devices that consumers care about? – How do I keep investing in my current infrastructure without creating stranded capital? – How much of this should I be doing myself vs. relying on vendors for? – How do I make it through this transition without breaking my capital budget? – How do I provide a differentiated service? – What is the unknown? . The intent today is to walk through some of the key architectural and functional areas impacted in answering these questions as we look at the Evolution of IP Video – Additional in-depth breakout sessions on key topics over the next four days

. While there may be some form of agreement on the endpoint…. – Something along the lines of “access to my content whenever I want it, wherever I want it, on whatever device” – Admittedly that statement is more exciting that all the other operational and management requirements that must be met too  and we will talk about those . There is typically no single, unique starting point – Whether cable, satellite, IPTV, etc. – Service Providers have existing video infrastructure – Greenfields are few and far between . Plus no single, unique business driver/model . Hence, a range of journeys that must be supported – Need an architectural reference on which to plan those journeys – Plus need to evaluate where we sit on several axes

In-Home Content Delivery

User/Customer Experience

Network Services Digital Video Recorder Local Storage Granular and scalable Facilitates consumer use cases e.g. managed content sharing Overcomes some legal issues

Remote UI User Interface Resident EPG

Potentially improves ease of integration Offers an optimized User Experience Abstraction of services simplifies support Reduced dependency on network/central point of failure

HE / Thin Clients Software Thick Clients Tried and tested! Horizontal CE devices can be included in service offering

Broadband Distribution Medium Broadcast

CE devices compatible with ubiquitous internet access Economically Very Efficient for Video distribution Potentially very efficient for on-demand services Supports mixed economy of legacy and new receivers

Gateway Termination Device Basic STB Reliable and low cost Reduces CAPEX by becoming the new home hub ‘It does TV’ really well Service management through one main device

• Existing QAM/QPSK Network + Lowest network delivery cost + Leverage existing linear & VOD (for cable) infrastructure + Doesn’t require renegotiation of content rights + Reduced network bandwidth for in-home time-shift services (for DVR) − Requires terminating gateway (increased CPE cost) − Transcoding to support BYOD/Out of home − In-home storage or Network DVR for time-shift services − “Sling” or parallel TV Everywhere solution for Out-of-home

• All-IP Unicast Delivery + Leverage data gateway model in the home + Same approach in or out-of home + Ride IP infrastructure cost improvements (e.g. DOCSIS 3.1) + Ride codec improvements (e.g. HEVC) + Benefit from all-IP statistical bandwidth savings = Can bridge to legacy (Unified origination services) − Requires careful cost analysis for linear and “Superbowl” phenomenon (can be offset by use of multicast if needed) − Requires appropriate content rights for Cloud DVR and out-of-home delivery − Careful planning to avoid concurrent ABR “choking”

• Legacy CAS + Existing known model and costs − Requires termination and transcryption in gateway (increased cost) to address other devices in the home − Doesn’t work (easily) for out-of-home delivery

• DRM + Extensible to all devices (in or out of home) + Applied in uniform manner through multi-DRM infrastructure + Ride industry evolution and applicability to new formats (e.g. Ultra HD) − Increased cost (per device)

• MPEG-2 • Legacy

• H.264 • Mainstream for near-term services launch

• H.265/HEVC • Emerging disruptor (unmanged first, then managed) • Bandwidth savings (up to 50%) • Use with 4K/Ultra HD content services

• Others (SVC, VP9), Storage Considerations

• Cloud + Greatest flexibility, single point of ingest and management + Seamless support of new formats as introduced + Elastic infrastructure − Storage requirements and content rights agreements

• In-Home + No renegotiation of content rights − Added cost to every gateway − Constrained # of concurrent transcodes and not future proof (new formats) limits in/out-home device support

• Bandwidth Requirements • Driven by number of concurrent streams

• Content Security • Requires studio approved mechanisms (CAS, DTCP/IP, DRM)

• Physical Delivery • Options today CAT5, MoCA, Wireless, HomePlugAV

• ABR Quality Management • Requires optimisation to avoid competing ABR player “choking” • Need for QoS management within the home (role of gateway)

BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21 Home Network and Device Management • Home Network Management • QoS controls for video flows (ABR controls alone are not enough) • Pro-active fault rectification • Wireless management, including multiple radios and guest access • Whole Home Bandwidth Assurance • Speed Test & Realtime LAN device monitoring

• Device Management • Device interoperability program • Device identification • Parental Controls • Fault isolation, Analytics (including Video) BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22 Service Agility

• Published Open API • Consistent interfaces published from the cloud • Accessed by all devices • Orchestration and elastic environment

• Device Environment • HTML5/JavaScript for presentation and execution is the clear direction • Pragmatic approach in near-term • Not all devices capable of delivering required experience • Optmised HTML5 environments on managed devices

• Cloud + Greatest flexibility, leverage traditional caching model downstream + Only option for out of home − May not be enough for primary television experience

• Gateway + Close enough to in-home devices − Added complexity, updates, etc.

• Device + Maximises performance (‘all’ UX content local to device) − Has to be instantiated across all devices

• Wide range of services that leverage analytics Viewer metrics Audience profiling A/B Testing

• Support the creation of experiments that test variants with predefined subscriber groups against a specific business goal for a specific duration

• Experiment (and control) populations can be selected based on defined demographic and/or geographic criteria

• Real-time dashboard provides an overview of running experiments, performance against goal and alerting

• Remote Arm/Disarm • Intrusion Alarms • CO, Water, Fire Alarms Security • Sirens, Control Panel and Life Energy • Emergency Call, Service Dispatch Safety Managemen t • HVAC/Thermostat control • Supply/Demand • Carbon Footprint • Control of Appliances, • Solar Panel Mgt Lighting, Audio/Video Apps • EV Charger Mgt • Scene Management • Door open Lifestyle • Light turns on • Sleep mode of • Assisted Living thermostat • Heal@Home Health • Motion Sensing • Bed monitor and • Fitness tracking Fitness • Help pendants

BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BUT ISN’T THIS VERY COMPLICATED? (or where is architectural diagram?) End-End Video Delivery Functional Blocks Cloud HTML5 UI Server Service Provider Back-Office Media Suite API AAO Layer

Network Client Cloud DVR Distribution Gateways Client Software

Security – CA / DRM

Session & Resource Management

Advanced Advertising Shield Security API Management API

Legacy Adapters User & Endpoint Management Client Hardware Origination Acquisition

Client Messaging

Cable Access Operations / Management Cable Satellite xDSL Virtualization Platform FTTH 3G/4G WiFi Infrastructure – Compute, Storage & Network

BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Videoscape Unity High Level Architecture Cloud HTML5 UI Server Service Provider Back-Office Cloud HTML5 OSS/BSS CSR Monitoring Reporting Media Suite Rendered Content Unified Catalog & Offer Recommend- Personal Screens Discovery Management ations Playlists CMS Network Client API AAO Layer AuthN Cloud DVR Back-office Adapters Client Software DVR Scheduler Record Manager Booking Manager (eg OSS/BSS) Distribution Suite Gateways Snowflake 3rd Party Content Ingest & Residential Processing OpenRG and EPG Apps Security – CA / DRM VDS Origin / Data GW Client App Broadcast Broadcast Content Discovery & Server DRM DRM AuthZ Personal Planner Framework CA CA Hybrid / IP Media GW Device AuthN & Client VDS Video Session & Resource Management Management Abstraction Recorder Hybrid / IP Library Session Manager Resource Brokers Policy Services / Mgrs Account / User Profile OpenRG & Purchasing Unified GW Cloud + Plat. API Home Network & ShieldSecurity VDS-IS (REST + XMPP) Advanced Advertising Automation Internet Streaming Media Highway

Campaign Profile Management API ADS AMS ADM Playlist Manager (SIS/CIS) Manager Social (Chat, Voice, Middleware Email, Calendar) Legacy Adapters VDS-TV VG CA / DRM Television User & Endpoint Management Analytics & Reporting Explorer Controller Headend User Personal Endpoint Alert Context & Social / Purchase Profile Planner Manager Msg Control Sharing Service Provider VDS MOT Adapter Client Hardware Custom Transparent IP & Hybrid STBs

Origination Suite Acquisition Suite Caching Carousel Secure Gateways Secure Digital DCM Mobile Content Client Messaging Generators Video Power Encryptor Content - MFP Adaptation Receivers, Vu Protocol Converters Mgr Encoders ROSA Media Transcode Media Gateway Processors Manager Encapsul. Service/Proximity Routing Legacy STB Cable Access Analytics Admin Remote Big Data Monitoring Operations / Provisioning Store Engines Management Consoles Management uBR Modular CMTS VDS Session Cable Structured Indexed Map / Stream Virtualization Auto- Service Service Persistent Broker ASR9K (Video Satellite Storage Storage Reduce Processing Platform scaling Directory Messaging Messaging CDN Federation Service Module) xDSL ASR5K Mobile FTTH Infrastructure – Compute, Storage & Network Video GW 3G/4G WiFi BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Key Areas of Focus

• SP Video track at Cisco Live dives into many areas of the end-end Video Architecture, this section focuses on some of the key areas affecting IP Video evolution

. Media Origination Services . In-Home Architecture and Clients . Cloud-Sourced HTML5 . Home Network and Device Management . HEVC and Ultra HD . Bandwidth Modeling . Futures

Multi-room Network Cloud Advanced DVR DVR DVR DVR DVR Services

Digital locker etc. Access content from any device, any network, any place STBs at home leverages the remote storage for recordings Multiple rooms within same home share the central DVR

Local DVR at home – limited capacity, content lost on HW failure

. Network Overlay . One Network – N screen initially an overlay to the 10’ TV – Prime TV and n-screen as a single software- experience centric service built on next generation – Effectively have 2 networks with some linkage technologies at the metadata level . Flexible . TTM Solutions – Applications and instantiation as – TSTV was a phase 1 service – quick to market configurable options solutions that don’t scale – E.g. cDVR built on TSTV on an elastic – nDVR also a TTM offer – leveraging infrastructure components of deployed systems . Cloud (Stack) enabled . Highly scalable . Economic / technology driven offers . Cost effective – Trading off streaming technology / storage / DRM / economics / recording technology to . Converged Assets capture end customers devices – Such as encoding, storage, workflow for truly multi-tenant that can be elastically instantiated

NG Media Architecture Simplifies the integration of the ‘Media plane’ functions with the Next Generation Video System Architecture

Cloud Based Media Preparation & Publishing Flexible elastic framework to orchestrate media preparation and delivery functions such as transcoding, packaging, recording and publishing.

Multi-Tenant Service Containers Well defined service containers instantiated on a per tenant basis with SLA Enforcement and Intelligent Application Automation. Virtual appliances with media optimized storage.

Unified SLA Management & Analytics Unified SLA Management Framework for all functions within the Media preparation plane with media analytics

Open APIs built on existing frameworks Simplified API set across all media preparation components Leverage existing initiatives such as OpenStack for TTM and differentiation

Orchestration & Management

Media Advertising Security

Acquisition Origin Control

Compute Network Storage

• Enable new multiscreen video business models with elastic and automated Video Control Plane provisioning – Scale based on users’ recordings, personalized sessions and playback patterns – Hardware abstraction and automated service Media provisioning Encoders CDN Clients Origination – Multi-vendor Storage De-duplication + Secure Content Archival

• Architecturally between Encoders and CDN – Takes control commands from one or more video control plane systems – Virtualized media services available on Openstack – Built using open source components

Content Manager Control Plane Advertising Applications Analytics

Acquisition Suite Origination Suite (MOS) Distribution Suite

Encoder CDN Core Service Manager

Transcoder

and and

Ingest

Record Publish Prepare CDN Edge Protect Virtualized Compute Platform Edge Content Security Streamers Open Stack Compute Network Storage Clients Storage

DAS/N Cloud Media Object HTTP AS Store Public/Private Archive

Linear Stream VOD Origination Time shift TV Cloud DVR Origination

• Real time Ingest of Linear • Dynamic VOD Ingest and • Record linear content to • Emulate home DVR in Channels Delivery enable In-session DVR Cloud windows • Ad Control Plane interaction • Storage Management and • Record Linear Content • Stream Redundancy and Storage access load • Record Linear Content and in Unique Copy or Resiliency balancing convert to VOD and enable Common Copy Models real-time publishing when • Utilizing various storage • On-Demand • Support for Common capture is in progress Intermediate Format (CIF) & systems via the Storage Encapsulation of DVR Dynamic On-Demand Abstraction layer • Program Level Recording content ( Completed APIs and In-Progress ) Encapsulation • Dynamic Encapsulation Support based on Common • Unified Recording Format • Recording Storage and Format content based on CIF Metadata and Archive Management Indexing • On-Demand Encapsulation of Time-Shifted Content

Operational Agility Cloud DVR Applications Rapidly Deploy New Services

Schedule Record Deliver Analyze Advertise

Videoscape Open APIs

High Performance Media Media Media Media Recording Publish Massive Recording and Playout Ingest Preparation

Virtualized Data Center Platform

Open Stack

Elastic Scale Flexible Resource Expansion Compute Network Storage

Networked HDMI Sticks Device Management CEC

WiFi Display Micro Gateways and Hubs

Tablets

Service Provider In Home Distribution In Home Devices Infrastructure Primary WIFI (RG) Managed Video (Video+Data) Managed IP 2.4 GHz: 802.11n, 3x3 (Video, HSI) Video Gateway 5 GHz: 802.11ac, 3x3 (Video, HSI) IP STB IP STB IP STB Services (24x8) Video Wi-Fi Managed Video + Extender Video Control MoCA-WIFI Bridge iPad Connected iPhone HNAP PC/MAC TV Android Phone Multiple Gaming High Speed Service Flows (SF)* MoCA 2.0 Media Internet Console Player (HSI) QOS Mapping SF>QOS

Ethernet Home Wi-Fi Network Security Network Phone Printer In Home QOS Storage *Additional service flows can be added as required. In Home Management © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 44 RDK-B A Broadband Gateway Disruption

SNMP WEB HNAP DOCSIS MTA ACS SSH MGT Browser MGT

CM Provisioning & WEB UI HNAP TR-69 PA SNMP PA CLI PA management Ext. PA (PA) CCSP Message BUS

Component Persistent MDC PA Storage Registry Manager

Open Source Provisioning & • IPV4/IPV6 • VLAN Management MDC • DHCPv4/6 • Wireless Tools WiFi Provisioning & • IPRoute/IPTables • IGMP and MLB Proxy Management • DSLite • DNS Proxy TR-181 Data Model • Prefix Delegatiion • RIP TR-181 Data Model • Bridge Utils • UPNP IGD WiFI Abstraction Layer WIFI Drivers

CISCO Open Planned CISCO Other Open RDK LLC OEM Sourced in M1 Open Source Source

BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public HTML5 – BRIDGING DEVICES AND THE CLOUD Application Models: Problem Decomposition Lower you are on the chart,the more specific you have to be about client requirements Remoted Video Bandwidth Remote Display Latency e.g. Active Video (AKA ICTV) Compute Power OnLive Raven

DOM model Latency Remote DOM Resource oriented Tool Chain/Developer Community e.g. HME Flash Remoting

Generic Client “Content” application “Thickness” of client Cache based STB performance e.g. Flash HTML Browser Full Client Installable application Installation and deployment Native or VM based Pace of innovation e.g. Guide Outlook

Single DOM (client-side) Dual DOM (client-side) Dual DOM (server-side)

“The key difference between Server-side Dual-DOM and Client-side Dual-DOM is that, with Server-side Dual- DOM, the Ajax DOM and most user interface logic is managed on the server. In this scenario, the primary job of the client Ajax engine is to reflect back to the server any interaction state changes, deferring data handling, UI state management and UI update logic to the server.” http://www.openajax.org/member/wiki/WP2_-_Successful_Deployment_of_Ajax_and_OpenAjax

HTML5 Application

WebGL, CSS 3D HTML5 video Canvas, SVG, CSS transforms

Chromium Embedded Content Shell

Media Engine V8 Blink Aura / Ozone

Video Player Ozone implementation Open GL ES Video Decoder CPU GPU

Video Acceleration 3D Acceleration

HTML5 Application HTML5 Application HTML5 Application UI & Biz logic UI & Biz logic UI & Biz logic

JS Platform Abstraction JS Platform Abstraction JS Platform Abstraction

HTML5 engine HTML5 engineExtensions HTML5 engine Extensionsextensions extensions modules

MANAGED DEVICES UNMANAGED DEVICES DEVICE STACK STACK

HAL Hardware

Set Top Box Handheld Device Smart TV

• The RDK is comprised of shared source, external open source and 3rd party licensed components – Changes need to be contributed to RDK community; require RDKM approval to be added to the main trunk • SP layer includes essential components (UX, security, etc.) required for video CPE – Specific and proprietary to each provider • SoC and OEM vendors provide their own software components for RDK platforms – Even this starting to get more standardised through the use of Linaro on ARM-based platforms

BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public HOME NETWORK & DEVICE MANAGEMENT The Home Network Management Challenge . The number of devices in the home and Data and Video traffic continues to increase dramatically, causing home network complexity . Product commoditization and intense competition . More broadband choices - DSL, cable, mobile, fiber, satellite . More over-the-top services

. Increased support costs Internet Connected Devices* . New devices need to be installed and provisioned. 60 . Multiple devices running multiple applications results in resource contention. 40

. Then new service deployment costs are high. 20 Billions . The demarcation point is moving into the home. 0 2010 2015 2020

. TR-069 reaches beyond the gateway to manage a variety of devices . Consumer devices are managed by Cisco PrimeTM Home with gateway apps – Discovery and Click-Through, Parental Controls, Firewall, Bandwidth Management TR-126 TR-131 TR-069 Triple Play QoS ACS Northbound CPE WAN Management Protocal Interface TR-143 TR-135 UDMTM Network Throughput & Stats Set-Top Box Data Model Universal Device Management OSS/ BSS

Help Prime Home Broadband Desk Policy TR-098 TR-140 TR-104 Content Filtering & Internet Gateway Device Storage Data Model VOIP Data Model Internet Time Blocking

TR-181 TR-106 Device Data Model Common Data Model Template

TR-157 TR-111 Downloadable OSGI TR-196 Remote Mgmt of Home Femtocell Data Model Components Services

Ultra HD HD

• Increased colour spectrum from 35.9% • Minimum resolution of 3,840 x 2,160 coverage to 78.5% coverage (4K) • 10-bit & 12-bit Color Representation • 16 x 9 Aspect Ratio • ITU Rec bt.2020 • 7,680 x 4,230 (8K)

BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public UHDTV (4K) Viewing Distance vs. Resolution • To be able to detect the additional resolution of 4k (or 8k), the screen must be large enough and you must sit close enough • Based on the resolving ability of the human eye (with 20/20 vision it is possible to resolve 1/60th of a degree of an arc)

Source: http://carltonbale.com/does-4k-resolution-matter/

BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Ultra HDTV (4K) The Need for Better Compression • Demand for video is increasing everyday • 80% of all traffic in a network is video related • Demand requires massive bandwidth to deliver high quality streaming video to devices everywhere • How to: – Keep Up? – Deliver ? – Adapt ?

Source: UHD State of the Market CEA

• HEVC(H.265) offers ~2x compression over H.264.

CODEC SD HD (1080p30) UHD (4Kp24/30) UHD (4Kp60) MPEG 2 3-4.5 Mbps 9-18 Mbps AVC (H.264) 1.5-2.5 Mbps 5-9 Mbps HEVC (H.265) 0.8-1.5 Mbps 2.5-5 Mbps 7-15 Mbps 12-25 Mbps

• Analysts believe HEVC will likely become one of the fastest new codecs ever adopted, largely driven by content streaming to mobile phones and OTT to tablets/PCs • Two very different use cases for our segments: – HEVC 1080 can be used to reduce bandwidth and improve reach/quality: Telcos (DSL), OTT, Cable (all-IP or nDVR), Satellite (more channels), HD VOD; New chips can upscale to 4K output. Very small price premium in new CPE – Ultra HD 4K for high quality and differentiation. Most Sat/Cable/Telco want 4Kp50/60/10-bit for sports with some interest in 4Kp24/25/30 for movie/broadcast content; OTT players such as Netflix and Sony will offer movies and some content in 4Kp24/25/30. Price premium for 4Kp60 in a client STB (SOC + 2 GB high-speed DRAM) • The HDMI 2.0 specification has also now been formalized and is required for 4Kp50/60 based services

MPEG-2 ~12 Mbps/service 15 Mbps MPEG-2 ~9 Mbps/service 12 Mbps MPEG-2

~7.2 Mbps/service

distribution nd

2 9 Mbps - 7.2 Mbps

AVC 6 Mbps AVC ~4 Mbps/service Bit rateBit ~8.5 Mbps/service AVC ~5 Mbps/service 3 Mbps

Full HD Ultra HD

Native 4K Professional 4K Masters from 35mm Upscale Full HD to 4K Cameras Celluloid

Gaming 4K Smart Phones 4K Camcorders

August, 2013 February, 2014

Consumer demand for UHD is growing rapidly 20 million UHD TVs will ship by mid 2015

• 12 to 24 month refresh cycle • Low frame rates (24fps vs. • Main focus is on existing HD • Leverage the (approx) 2:1 on endpoints vs. 5 years for 50/60), offline encoding, services, and a few specific bandwidth savings to extend displays limited bandwidth Ultra HD cases (PayTV markets) xDSL footprints requirements. • Reduced bitrates and/or • Linked to DVB-Sx extensions • Quality/bitrate tradeoff provide better picture quality • Main focus is on 1080p50/60 for satellite for efficient constrained by real-time (spatial and/or temporal) services and some Ultra HD spectrum usage encoders capabilities for live encoding • Initially software decode until • Some services can operate in • Spectrum allocation and DVB- silicon is available and closed environments: T2 (ATSC 3.0) will define rollout • Main focus is on existing HD shipping (e.g. Snap Dragon optimized codecs exists for terrestrial services services 800) • Rely on existing CDNs for • Expect to launch in late CY 14 • Expect to launch in mid CY • Main focus is on existing HD content distribution, limited for satellite (sports – 4k) early 16 with ramp in 2017 services changes required for VOD adopters. CY 16 and beyond for platforms mass market and terrestrial • Expect to launch CY14 • Expect to launch in CY14

Licensing terms close to finalization

Content Creation Content Aggregation Distribution Consumer Equipment Pay TV Camera Encoding Blu-ray player operator Production Third party

Modulation TT/Cable Set-top box Broadcaster

Workflow OTT provider Satellite/IP/D Public/Private Public/Private

Game console Home Network Develope In Still to come TV d development

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Source: IHS Screen Digest 2013

• One question that is regularly posed is how much bandwidth do I need? • Also, what about the “Superbowl Phenomenon”?

• This section presents a short analysis – Model assumptions – Unicast-only approach – Potential benefit for multicast – Implications on introduction of HEVC

Homes Watching TV during Most Popular Broadcasts 90% MASH Finale Winter Olympics 80% Who Shot JR? 70% Roots American Idol Finale Typical 60% Thursday 50% evening 40% 30% 20% Sources: Superbowl ratings: TV-by-the-numbers (reprinting Nielsen data) 10% Wikipedia: List of most watched television broadcasts 0% Kagan media: Total US Households 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Viewing During Superbowl

• Nielsen publishes show ratings as ratings points and share of viewing during timeslot . Dividing ratings points by share gives us total household viewing figures . With one exception since 1983, Superbowl is the most watched program each year . But overall viewing across all channels does not increase

Each household has an average of three video playback devices

Peak Usage 70% 40% 40% If first screen is on If second screen is on High Definition Capable 80% 40% 20%

High Definition Viewing 60% of viewing on HD screens is HD content

AVC/H.264 High Mid Low Average

60% 30% 10% HD Content 7 Mbps 8 Mbps 6 Mbps 4 Mbps 50% 30% 10% SD Content 2.9 Mbps 4 Mbps 2 Mbps 1.5 Mbps

• HSD Usage – Current Average Bandwidth/User is 250 kbps – Assume 30% usage growth rate/year over next 4 years – Average Bandwidth/User beginning in 2018 is 714 kbps

• Average number of streams/IPTV household: Ave. 1st screens active + Ave. 2nd screens active + Ave. 3rd screens active 0.7 + 0.7 x 0.4 + 0.7 x 0.4 x 0.4 = 1.09 streams

• Average Bandwidth/High Definition Screen: % HD Content x HD Bandwidth + % SD Content x SD Bandwidth 0.6 x 7 + 0.4 x 2.9 = 5.36 Mbps

• Average Bandwidth/IPTV Household: 1st Screen (Use x Bandwidth) + 2nd Screen (Use x Bandwidth) + 3rd Screen (Use x Bandwidth) 0.7 x (0.8 x 5.36 + 0.2 x 2.9) + 0.7 x 0.4 x (0.4 x 5.36 + 0.6 x 2.9) + 0.7 x 0.4 x 0.4 x (0.2 x 5.36 + 0.8 x 2.9) = 4.87 Mbps

• Service Group Assumptions – 500 Homes Passed per Service Group – 24 Channel DOCSIS 3.0 Service = 900 Mbps • Service Penetration – HSD 50% – IPTV 25% Average. Assume 2 sigma variation/SG • Total Predicted Busy Hour Bandwidth – HSD Users = 250 – IPTV Users = 125 + 2 x SQRT (125) = 147 users – Total Bandwidth = HSD Usage + IPTV Usage – = 250 x 0.714Mbps + 147 x 4.87Mbps = 894.4 Mbps

A 500 Home Service Group would be required by 2018

• Multicast would use linear RTP based delivery on broadcast channels • Multicast would only be supported on STBs (could be extended via gateway) • 60% of viewing is linear non time-shifted TV (VoD, nDVR, Time shift is 40%) • 75% of linear TV is through an STB. • Total streams available for multicast = 147 (IPTV Users) x 1.09 (Ave. #streams/hh) x 0.6 x 0.75 = 72 streams / SG • Based on a statistical model, with only 72 streams available for multicast, there are minimal savings available through multicast if already provisioned for expected unique unicast services • With larger SGs and higher penetration bandwidth savings would occur • What about HEVC? Will 4K be a driver of multicast usage?

100% Unicast and Multicast • 18% to 62% Multicast Gain (stream 600 62% 80% 55% 58% 60% 48% 52% 43% 60% count reduction) over 10 Year Model 400 37% 28% 40% 200 18%

20% • Significant Stream Savings Driven by Multicast Gain Uniquestream 0 0% Multicast for Primary Screen Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Yr. 4 Yr. 5 Yr. 6 Yr. 7 Yr. 8 Yr. 9 Yr. 10 (STB/TV) Unicast Multicast Multicast Gain

Second screen Unicast vs Multicast 80 • Minor Stream Count Difference 60 between Multicast and Unicast to 2nd 40

Devices, does not justify Multicast 20

45 55 10 10 15 15 20 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 50 50 55 60 nd 0 just for 2 screen Uniquestreams Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Yr. 4 Yr. 5 Yr. 6 Yr. 7 Yr. 8 Yr. 9 Yr. 10

Multicast Unicast

HEVC/H.265 High Mid Low Average

60% 30% 10% HD Content 3.5 Mbps 4 Mbps 3 Mbps 1.5 Mbps 50% 30% 10% SD Content 1.45 Mbps 2 Mbps 1 Mbps 0.75 Mbps

BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IPTV Usage with HEVC HEVC on primary STB, AVC on other screens • ABR Rate Distributions (For primary screen (STB) initially) – HD Content: 60% - 8->4 Mbps, 30% - 6->3 Mbps, 10% - 3->1.5 Mbps (Avg 7.0->3.5 Mbps) – SD Content: 50% - 4->2 Mbps, 30 % -2->1 Mbps, 20% - 1.5->0.75 Mbps (Avg 2.9->1.45 Mbps)

• IPTV Usage – Average number of streams/IPTV household = 0.7 +0.7 x 0.4 + 0.7 x 0.4 x 0.4 = 1.09 – Average BW/HD Screen (HEVC) = 0.6 x 3.5 + 0.4 x 1.45 = 2.68 Mbps – Average BW/IPTV House Hold = 0.7 x (0.8 x 2.68 +0.2 x 1.45) + 0.7 x 0.4 x (0.4 x 5.36 +0.6 x 2.9) + 0.7 x 0.4 x 0.4 x (0.2 x 5.36 + 0.8 x 2.9) = 3.17 Mbps

• Total Predicted Busy Hour Bandwidth – HSD Users = 250 – IPTV Users = 125 + 2x SQRT (125) = 147 – Total BW = 250 x .714 + 147 x 3.17 = 644.5 Mbps versus 894.4 Mbps for all AVC

• As more screens become HEVC capable this will only improve. 4K is not expected to be large driver of increased bandwidth needs and only on select events (admittedly though some large sports events)

• From an access bandwidth perspective initial deployments of IPTV on typical 500 HP architectures will not have a great benefit from multicast • However, as the penetration rate increases there will be large multicast gains to be had as the number of people watching the same stream increases • It is anticipated that many will initially launch with unicast-only support and add multicast support as the system scales • HEVC is a critical technology for addressing bandwidth utilisation • Obviously, from a core network perspective, multicast has benefits on day 1

Public Hybrid Private

Hosted in a Public OpenStack instance (e.g. Cisco, Rackspace, etc.)

OpenStack OpenStack

Public Cloud Public Cloud Public Cloud

Hosted in a Private OpenStack instance (SP Data Center)

OpenStack OpenStack

Private Cloud Private Cloud Private Cloud

• Functional building blocks • Roadmap development • Responsibility for aligning with Cloud principles

VideoScape Cloud infrastructure • Orchestration Platform • Infrastructure for cloud • Operations for Cloud • NOC Console • Responsible for any VideoScape Cloud service Orchestration Service • Orchestration Service • Cloud Architectural Pattern (e.g. HA, Scale)

API Management Gateway API Gateway – REST Open Interface DevOps API API API API API API API API

• Continuous development, Content Identity Offer Catalogue

Logging VOD Linear VDS Security integration, testing, Analytics Monitoring Management Management Management Management Encoding Encoding Origin

Orchestration deployment Cloud Cloud Security and and aggregation VMS/Producer/ Service Service Service Merchandiser VideoScape E2E Cloud Software and Services Data Persistence Distributed and Scalable • E2E capability Cloud2client • Responsibility for delivery functionality leveraging and Integrated Cloud Infrastructure consistent to VideoScape and Foundation Services Cloud principles Private, Rackspace, Nimbus etc • Collaborate with VCI to stand up project.

• Leverage feature velocity of the cloud for client features – Deploy new client features using cloud deployment tools – New client features != new device firmware • Move client functions to the cloud • Over time, client becomes very simple – Less differences between heterogeneous client types

Graphics rendering Media Player Local record Parental Control

Power Management Clients Device Management Security Console

Tuner Management and Application Orchestration Service Application Server Application Server API API API API API API API API Gateway – REST Open Interface Content Identity Offer Catalogue Policy and Multi CA cDVR and Management Manage Manageme Manageme Resource and DRM TSTV Catalog Management VMS/Producer/Me Management

rchandiser ment nt nt

Logging

Analytics

Monitoring Orchestration

Channel Map Security Cloud and aggregation and Data Persistence Disk Space Management Distributed and Scaleable Integrated Cloud Infrastructure and Foundation Services Planner Management Private, Rackspace, Nimbus etc Record Management Cloud Record Home Network Topology User Profile and Provisioning

Where Implementation Resides

Traditional Middleware Hybrid Cloud

Cloud Services Cloud Services

Resource Resource Manager Manager Scheduler Scheduler Recorder & Conflict & Conflict Resolution Resolution Content Content Content Metadata Metadata Metadata CE Devices CE Devices

Managed CPE Managed CPE Managed CPE

EPG UX EPG UX EPG UX

Middleware Middleware

Resource Manager Scheduler & Conflict Recorder Recorder Resolution

SNMP WEB HNAP DOCSIS MTA ACS SSH MGT Browser MGT

CM Provisioning & WEB UI HNAP TR-69 PA SNMP PA CLI PA management Ext. PA (PA) CCSP Message BUS

Component Persistent MDC PA Storage Registry Manager

Open Source Provisioning & • IPV4/IPV6 • VLAN Management WiFiProvisioning & • DHCPv4/6 • Wireless Tools MDC • IPRoute/IPTables • IGMP and MLB Proxy Management • DSLite • DNS Proxy TR-181 Data Model TR-181 Data Model • Prefix Delegatiion • RIP • Bridge Utils • UPNP IGD WiFI Abstraction Layer WIFI Drivers

CISCO Open Planned CISCO Other Open RDK LLC OEM Sourced in M1 Open Source Source

1. Downstream progressing beyond 1Ghz to allow 1G migrating to 10G DS speeds 2. Upstream mid split in the region of 238Mhz to allow 300Mb migrating to 2G US speeds 3. Spectrum efficiency gains with the use of OFDM in US and DS 4. LDPC/FEC potential 3db gain giving rise to 1024QAM

The cost/HP to implement DOCSIS 3.1 is less than 1/10 to 1/20 of the cost to implement PON while the services are competitive

• D3.1 will introduce OFDM with LDPC. Improved FEC (Forward Error – The target modulation is 1024-QAM. Correction) enables higher – Up to 4K QAM will be specified modulation at the same CNR • Using the spectrum above current plant cut-offs (750 MHz to 1 performance… GHz) requires an advanced PHY to support more complex modulation such as OFDM. RF Spectrum Efficiency • OFDM will also be used below 1 GHz, and will likely supplant Improvement: legacy QAM bandwidth over time. • The initial push is to 1150 MHz. This may be possible without ~ 25% with same CNR replacing taps. The long term push is 1.7 GHz, but this would (8 – 10 bits / symbol, 1024QAM Equivalent) require tap replacement. ~ 50% with improved CNR • The D3.1 downstream deployment may occur before D3.1 (8 – 12 bits / symbol, 4096QAM Equivalent) upstream deployment.

• D3.1 upstream will use OFDMA with an LDPC FEC Improved FEC (Forward Error – Target modulation is 256-QAM Correction) enables higher – Up to 4K will be spec’ed modulation at the same CNR • Existing spectrum will be shared between performance… ATDMA/SCDMA and OFDM. New spectrum will be OFDM only RF Spectrum Efficiency Improvement: • Frequency split options: ~ 33% with same CNR – The immediate goal is to maximize sub-split.(42/65 MHz) (256QAM Equivalent) – The short-term recommendation is mid-split. (85 MHz) – The long-term recommendation is high-split. (~230 MHz) ~ 66% with improved CNR • Mid-split triples upstream throughput and is available (1024QAM Equivalent) today with D3.0 • D3.1 high-split provides 1 Gbps.

Peak Bandwidth capability roadmap… (DSxUS Mbps)

12000 10,000 10000 2500 8000 7000 1000 DS 6000 US 4000 1000 1000 1000 500 2000 300 100 300 0 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2020 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2020 Channels 8x4 16x4 24x8 24x8 (OFDMA) 142x33 200x60 US Spectrum 42 MHz 42 MHz 85 MHz 85 MHz 230 MHz 400 MHz

BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public HFC Evolution . Fiber Deeper (conservatively reduce Service Group size ~ 150 HP) • Free up spectrum for growth of HSD and IP Video • Improve CNR with less noise funneling and possibly shorter amp cascade. . Optics: • Multiwave to enable Node splits and deeper fiber without pulling new fiber • Embedded optics in CCAP CMTS platform to reduce space, power, and simplify wiring . Enable OFDM / OFDMA modulation • Target new spectrum first, bond with QAM, backward compatible . Upstream spectrum change • 42 MHz > 85 MHz > 230 MHz > 400 MHz . Downstream spectrum change • 750 MHz > 1 GHz > 1.15 GHz > 1.7 GHz . Content changes • Eliminate Analog video, reduce broadcast, increase narrowcast, Eventually all IP (all narrowcast) . HFC – eventually 150 HP service group, all IP, all OFDM/OFDMA

. Market disruptors are real and transition is underway . Opportunity to collapse multiple-back end systems in a single system . Ability to ingest, process, store and deliver efficiently and cost-effectively is critical . Management of in-home networks and devices must be addressed . HTML5 and Open Source will drive rationalisation in client devices . HEVC is a game changer, opening up new service offerings and enhancing service reach and quality . Enhancements coming to ensure bandwidth is more available and more cost- effective

. But wait….there’s more…

. Tuesday – 8.00am – 9.30am (Vin Mendoza) – BRKSPV-1261 – Designing an Online Video Service

– 12.30pm-2.30pm (Ali Begen) – BRKSPV-1999 – IPTV and Over-the-Top Video: Managed and Unmanaged Video Delivery

. Wednesday – 8.00am-9.30am (Leonid Sandler) – BRKSPV-1598 - Introduction to Cisco Multi-DRM Solution

– 1.30pm-3.30pm (Toerless Eckert) – BRKSPV-1919 – Video Transport Architectures

. Wednesday – 4.00pm-5.30pm (Scott Wainner) – BRKSPV-1919 – Video Transport Architectures

– 2.30pm-4.00pm (Francois Le Faucheur) – BRKSPV-2160 – Content Delivery Networks – Caching Principles, Architecture and Resource Optimization

. Thursday – 8.00am-10.00am (Corey Chapman) – BRKSPG-2016 – Architectures for new services over Cable

– 12.30pm-2.00pm (Thomas Kernen) – BRKSPV-3112 – Industry developments for video production and development

. Thursday – 4.00pm-5.30pm (Scott Wainner) – BRKSPV-1919 – Video Transport Architectures

– 2.30pm-4.00pm (Francois Le Faucheur) – BRKSPV-2160 – Content Delivery Networks – Caching Principles, Architecture and Resource Optimization

. Thursday – 8.00am-10.00am (Vin Mendoza) – BRKSPG-2016 – Media Data Centers for SPs and Broadcasters – Evolution to a Media Cloud

– 12.30pm-2.00pm (Thomas Kernen) – BRKSPV-3112 – Industry developments for video production and development BRKSPV-1257 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 95 Callouts to Other Presentations

. Thursday – 12.30pm-2.00pm (Thomas Kernen) – BRKSPV-3112 – Industry developments for video production and development

– 2.30pm-4.00pm (Bill Ver Steeg) – BRKSPV-2951 – Lessons learned from the first deployments of an IPv6 IPTV system

Applications Mobile Video Cloud

Evolved Services Platform Unified Platform Policies and Automation

Cisco Services Infrastructure Physical and Virtual

Applications Mobile Video Cloud

Evolved Services Platform Unified Platform Policies and Automation

Cisco Services Infrastructure Physical and Virtual

• Visit the World of Solutions for – Cisco Campus – Walk in Labs – Technical Solution Clinics • Meet the Engineer • Lunch time Table Topics • DevNet zone related labs and sessions • Recommended Reading: for reading material and further resources for this session, please visit www.pearson-books.com/CLMilan2015

• Give us your feedback and you could win fabulous prizes. Winners announced daily. • Complete your session evaluation through the Cisco Live mobile app or visit one of the interactive kiosks located throughout the convention center.

Don’t forget: Cisco Live sessions will be available for viewing on-demand after the event at CiscoLive.com/Online