Journal of The Arii~dcan :Institute o lA.RCHITECTS .

BERTRAM GOODHUE

June, 1948

More Houses and Better Values The Architect and the Public A Monument to Robert Mills Ceiling Zero Salt Lake City The White House South Portico Construction Industry's Chills and Fever

35c

~UBLISHED MONTHLY AT THE OCTAGON, WASHINGTON, D. C. JOURN.fiL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS

JUNE, 1948 VoL. IX, No. 6

Contents The Architect and the Public . 243 Ceiling Zero 273 By Howard A. Swann By William Dixon Slzay Salt Lake City 248 Architects Read and Write: By Lio yd Snedaker Architecture and The A. I. A. 276 By Chester Nagel Clothing for Salt Lake City 252 Sunlight and the Hospital More Houses and Better Values 253 Patient 277 By William J. Levitt By Benjamin R. Sturges Honors 256 Early Days at M. I. T. 278 A Monument to Robert Mills 257 By Walter II. Kilham, By Edwin Bateman Morris F.A.I.A. Competition Winners 261 Architectural Education 278 The Construction Industry's By Allan Ii. Neal Chills and Fever . 263 Books ff! Bulletins 279 By William Stanley Parker, Calendar 280 F.A.l.A. Where Do We Go from Here? 267 The Editor's Asides 281 By Ossian P. Ward Index to Vol. IX 283

ILLUSTRATIONS The Tomb of Robert Mills, Congressional Cemetery, Washington, D. C...... 2S9 Chapel Details in the Residence of Bishop Gerald Shaugh­ nessy, Seattle, Wash...... · . · 260 Paul Thiry, architect Evergreen Plantation, St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana 269 A photograph by Clarence Jolzn Laughlin South Portico of The White House, Washington, D. C. 270 as remodeled by William Adams Delano, F.A.I.A., Con­ sultant, and Lorenzo S. Winslow, Architect of Tlze White House

The Journal of The American Institute of A1chitect1, official organ of The

Institute, is puhlished monthly at The Octagon, 1741 New YorK Avenue, N.W.1 Washington 6, D. C. Editor: Henry H. Saylor. Subscription in the United States, its possessions and Canada, $3 a year in advance; elsewhere, $4 a year. Single copies 35c. Copyright, 1948, by The American Institute of Architec-ts. Entered as second-class matter February 9, 1929, at the Post Officr at Washington, D . C. GRANITE

0::: 0 Chelmsford White, Gray 0::: North Jay White w 1-­ Milford Pink x DOMESTIC Conway Pink, Green w Somes Sound Pink 0 Jonesboro Red z Mt. Coral Pink {Stony Creek Area) <(

0::: Red CANADIAN 0 Black 0::: w 1-- z ARGENTINE Red

0::: 0 BRAZILIAN Andes Black LL

ti) w URUGUAYAN Rosada :I: ti) z V~nevik Red Balmoral Red LL SWEDISH Sandvik Red 0 Bonaccord Black 0::: <( Emerald Pearl 0 Imperial Red z ~ ti) Red AFRICAN Brown ...J ...J Black <( On receipt of preliminary or contract QUOTATIONS drawings, we would be pleased to quote on any of the above granites SAMPLE EXHIBIT The Architects Samples Corporation 101 Park Ave., New York, N.Y .

H·E·FLETCHER COMPANY WEST CHELMSFORD 3, MASSACHUSETTS • TELEPHONE LOWELL 7588 NEW YORK OFFICE : 115 E 40th ST .. NEW YORK 16 ·ROOM 4 · TEL. MURRAY Hill 5-9536 f \LUNO\S UN\\fERS\T'< 0 ou C\ ' SMALL HON E.S C MUMfO ~D HOUSE. his is a house that Levitt built with REN"'ILI in ever)' room! ~·7~

Every one of the 2000 homes in the gigantic development at Levittown, L. I. has a Kentile floor in every room. Here's why low cost construction experts like Levitt & Sons choose Kentile: *low cost for high class installations. Easy to install - un­ ~imited design possibilities - you can put a different floor rn every room. *Unusually durable. Perfect for installations on concrete in contact with earth-moisture and alkali resistant-colors can't wear off because they go clear through. *Easy to clean. Easy washings keep it spotless-occasional wax­ ings keep it new. *Advertised nationally. Tremendous acceptance among pros- pective home purchasers-helps to sell the house. Look for your dealer's name in the yellow pages of your telephone directory or, if not listed yet, write David E. Kennedy, Inc., Brooklyn 15, N. Y. DAV ID E. KENNEDY, I N C. Brooklyn 15, N. Y. • New York 1, N. Y. • Washington 6, D. C. • Cleveland 14, Ohio Atlanta 3, Ga. • Chicago 54; Ill. • Kansas City 8, Mo. • San Francisco 3, Calif. I

1nes .•• ~

Modern elevators for residences. The OTlS Per­ sonal Service Elevator takes so little space it can be fitted into almost any house, old or new. It runs as quietly as a refrigerator on AC lighting circuits ; installs with little fuss or bother; comes in car sizes that accommodate wheel chair and attendant or up to four persons; and provides the safety and durability of a modern office elevator. Write for Bulletin 482-K.

OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY Home Office: 260 11th Avenue, New York 1. N. Y. GEORGIA MARBLE-THE MODERN BUILDING MATERIAL

the The case ot 0 \J ~··.... s '-u-

The use of solid blocks of marble Sparkling Crystal" to modern build­ to form square columns in conjunc­ ing conditions. tion with an over-all Georgia Marble , H_ELPFUL !NFORMATION FOR YOU building created an imposing effect Nex t time you are considering a pro­ of great strength, dignity and j ect incorpora ting marble, write to our n ea1·est sales a nd service office stating beauty. This building is another the type of building, vV c will send you striking illustration of the adapt­ a specially prepar ed file containing detail sheets a nd other information of ability of ''The Marble with the interest and value. GEORGIA MAABILE The Marble with the Sparkling Crystal Produced by THE GEORGIA MARBLE COMPANY of Tate, Georgia

SALES AND SERVICE OFFICES • NEW YORK, N. Y. • WASHINGTON , D . C. • CLEVELAND, O. PHILADELPHIA, PA. BRIGHTON, MASS. ROCHESTER, N. Y. ATL.ANTA, GA. The Architect and the Public By Howard A. Swann MAN AGING EDITOR OF THE BROOKLYN EAGLE

The Brooklyn Chapter under the leadership of its president, E. James Gambaro, has embarked on a program to promote a better under­ standing between its members and the community. The Chapter be­ lieves the architect has it within his means to enlarge his stature and bring credit to the profession by participating in civic development. It believes that the public at all .financial levels can benefit from the architect's services. It believes, that all architects must be awakened to the reality that the profession as a whole is judged by the work of individuals, and that each must devote his talents in the highest tradition of the pro­ fession, to the end that the work of each will reflect in credit to him­ self, his client, the community and the entire profession. As a step in this direction for better public relations the Brooklyn Chapter devoted its February meeting to the address here printed. rro BEGIN WITH, let US assume an architect about my constructien that architects, newspapermen problems. and cops are the most widely mis­ This must be old stuff to you understood of people. Newspa­ who are in the business. Why is permen are libelled by stage and it so? I hear about architects, screen. It isn't likely my profes­ have met a few academically, and sion will ever be understood. Cops I have read about them in books have an advantage. You don't and magazines and newspapers.' have to understand them. You The stories of great new building just have to avoid them. projects, accompanied by sketches But architects are different. and plans, usually credit an archi­ They should be better known. I tect or a firm of architects. On have twice owned a private dwell­ the more elaborate, more expensive ing. I have undertaken numerous levels there seems to be no dis­ pieces of construction. It has position to ignore the men who never occurred to me to talk to plot these enterprises.

JOURNAL OF T H E A. I. A. 243 The wntmg humorists pay at-­ visited upon all other lawyers. tention to architects. A recent Another thought it was because novel that entered the best-seller certain shyster lawyers practised class was probably mass libel. The so shadily as to create public sus­ funny boys in the magazines and picion. Again the sins of the few Sunday supplements always picture were visited upon the many. architects as excessive manic de­ Both of these reasons were true pressives, or at least schizophrenics. in degree only. Professor Oliphant Yet those of you I have met and some of the others came up seem to be the sort of men who with a less obvious but to me wouldn't kick dumb animals. You much more convincing reason. It seem anxious to do a competent was so obvious it seemed silly. and even an exalted job. Why is Even Shakespeare had seen it, it, then, that, as a class, architects when he wrote in Hamlet's solil­ suffer, not so much from a bad oquy of "the law's delays." press and bad public relations as The law's delays came nearer from so little understanding? to creating public dissatisfaction with lawyers than any other single I remember some years ago try­ thing. It is true that every time ing to do something useful for the a lawyer was accused of disgrace­ lawyers of the ~ ew York Bar. ful conduct it was a black eye for Then an.cl now the public has a the whole profession. But the great mistrust for lawyers. Some public would have little time to of the leading active members of dwell upon this if the law was the Bar Association were endeavor­ administered speedily and efficient­ ing to put their fin ger on the causes ly and with something resembling for this. They had brought the the kind of common sense the aver­ late Dr. Herman Oliphant here age litigant could understand. from Johns Hopkins. Some of It was the concensus of opinion the best legal minds in this country that the place for the lawyers to were actively engaged in seeking attack this problem was in the out the reason. Lawyers got a court calendars. Dr. Oliphant en­ bad press and bad public relation s ~ gaged in exhaustive research to it was held, because every time analyze the reasons for delayed one of their number figured in justice. His studies advanced some scandalous case, his sins were slowly and were never completed.

}UNE, 1948 244 I cite this situation only for the contrary is probably true. They purpose of giving point to a ques­ are regarded as persons living in tion I would like to ask. Do the ivory towers who come out in the architects themselves know why it afternoon to drink cocktails with is they do not stand in better favor millionaire dowagers and who are with the public? patronized by the privileged One quick piece of superficial classes. reasoning would lead to the sup­ The o u t w a r d manifestation position that the public regards would be that architects are expen­ architects as expensive, a luxury sive, operate on a higher social for only the very wealthy and the stratum than ordinary mortals and large, heavily financed public or for those reasons are to be avoided. private project. Neither I nor That would be what the public my friends engaged in small-time thinks is its reasons for not regard­ construction ever thought of con­ ing architects more as their friends sulting an architect. Somewhere and advisors-as useful profession­ in the picture we knew there was als who can make their homes one. Sometimes we saw blue more comfortable, better looking prints. Some of us even knew the and usually with an economic sav­ difference between Greek and ing. Since I do not expect any of Colonial architecture. you will challenge my assertion I think it would be an over­ that architects can render sound simplification to give this as all service to the public, we must look of the reason. The lawyers were elsewhere for the real reasons for suffering, I firmly believe, from a this lack of public regard. subconscious mass disapproval of The doctors have a highly re­ dilatory court procedures. Its out­ garded profession. Individual doc­ ward manifestation was to think of tors and sometimes doctors as a all lawyers and all legal proce­ class make mistakes. But every dures, good and bad, as exasperat­ doctor I know is highly regarded ing, frustrating. by his patients. In order to see Let me hasten to say right away one you have to wait a week. that if there is one thing I do not Greater necessity, you will say. believe architects suffer from, it is Granted, that when you are sick any degree of public mistrust as to you can't debate about going to a their honesty. If anything, the doctor.

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 245 achieved but slowly, don't think it his wishes, either esthetically or impossible that such things can be economically. He knows that, done very quickly. however much he was offered, he Bernays changed the trend in could not plan an unsafe building, woman's fashions in one short sea­ or one that was in any way con­ son, saving the novelty industry. trary to the building codes. Ivy Lee humanized Rockefeller in I am sure that you exercise all relatively short time by the simple sensible influence on the planning expedient of having him give dimes of those codes. There are not to children. Public opinion grew very many architects who are also fonder of Morgan overnight after legislators, but I am sure you he was photographed with the make yourselves felt when there midget on his lap. is need for legislation. But that I am sure if architects had their isn't enough. way, we would live in better homes When the individual architect located in better communities. knows that he is backed by his They have not enough influence profession so strongly that no because they do not insist upon other architect will undertake that having it. I know that no indi­ which he knows it is wrong to do, vidual architect wants to send a you will have taken the next im­ prospective client away because he portant step toward universal pub­ doesn't see eye to eye with him on lic acceptance.

Salt Lake City By Lloyd Snedak er THE SALT LAKE CITY HOST ARCHITECTS MODESTLY TELL OF THE CONVENTION CITY AND WHAT MAY INTEREST THE VISITOR THERE AND NEARBY

ALT LAKE CITY, the capital of come, as well as those who came SUtah, was founded by the Mor­ during the next few years, com­ mon pioneers on July 24, 1847. pleted the journey only after en­ They arrived in what was essen­ during incredible hardship. With tially a desert valley, belonging to them came little but the barest Mexico. These first people to necessities and a hope that the val-

}UNE, 1948 248 ley would provide a long-sought and the late 1800's, little was ac­ refuge. With no gold or other complished by way of good archi­ financial inducements to bring tecture of any description. This capital into the valley, and with may be partially explained by the only an extremely precarious exist­ fact that making the desert to ence to be had here, it is surpris­ flower was a full-time occupation, ing that anything of architectural and the economy of the State was merit was created by the first based primarily upon agriculture. settlers. What is harder to explain is the As a matter of fact, however, comparatively recent razing of the many of the early pioneer dwell­ outstanding monuments to early ings and main buildings of the pioneer enterprise, such as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter­ famous Salt Lake Theater, and day Saints (Mormon) are supe­ the smaller but more intimate So­ rior in good taste and architectural cial Hall Theatre, which had integrity to those of the next fifty played such an outstanding role in years. The design of the early the early life of the community. houses and monumental buildings was based somewhat loosely upon About 1890 and for the next the New England Colonial, with twenty to twenty-five years, the liberties in design dictated by cli­ advance of mining and the influx mate, available materials and local of ''Gentiles," as non-Mormons are skills. This was due to the fact called in Utah, reached such pro­ that many of the carpenters, de­ portions that the early Church signers and craftsmen came from, restraint on metal mining was or had a background in, the New qvercome. The new aristocracy England_ States and New York. set out to break the prevailing Many early examples, particu­ tradition of frugality by building larly residential and ecclesiastical, SII.J.all copies of Richard Morris are easily reached in the small com­ Hunt's Newport villas, H. H. munities adjacent to Salt Lake. Richardson's churches, with here Many more in the central and ex­ and there a McKim, Mead & treme southern parts of the State White Classic Revival mansion. were erected by colonizers sent out Further examples of this Gentile by Brigham Young. Between the impetus may be seen in the business years following the first arrivals district, in the Dooly Building,

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 249 McCornick Building, Newhouse ticularly in the business areas. and Boston Buildings, Judge Later subdivisions as the City has Building, Newhouse Hotel, and expanded have, in general, aban­ others. This boom died out about doned the grid system for contour 1915, a£ the earlier mines began patterns, with smaller blocks, nar­ to be worked out. From this point rower streets and more interesting on, the growth of the community drives. and State has been more gradual Another feature of the City and less exciting. At the present, which is unique and interesting is however, new impetus is being the absence of any particularly given through a swing towards highbrow or slum sections. There industrialization of what has been are, of course, neighborhoods of considered an agricultural State. more elaborate homes, larger yards and obvious prosperity, and, as in The visitors to Salt Lake will any other American city, these are find several interesting facets of surrounded by blocks of mediocre early City planning, among which homes and developments of no are the following: A grid system architectural merit. The area of streets, generally 132' wide (an comprising the estate-size proper­ undisputed boon in the age of the ties is small, due possibly to the automobile), running north and relatively high tax-rate structure south, east and west, numbered ~nd the low over-all per-capita in­ in logical sequence in all direc­ come in the State. Only within tions from the Temple Square. the last few years has interest in Thus Sixth East Street is six blocks proper city planning been created east of the Temple, and Tenth in a degree sufficient to make head­ South Street is ten blocks south. way in a general rezoning. Prog­ The original blocks each contain ress in this direction is painfully ten acres. These were intended as slow. an acceptable size for gardening in Examples of architectural in­ the city proper, with larger farms terest in and close to the City in­ in the entourage known as the Big clude the Mormon Church build­ F ield Survey. Subsequent develop­ ings in Temple Square, among ments have forced the subdivision which are the spired, gray, granite of the ten-acre blocks in order to Temple, which is not open to the provide access to the centers, par- public, and the low-domed Taber-

}UNE, 1948 2. 50 nacle in which is housed an organ which it is impossible to sink; rated among the largest and finest Clearfield Naval Supply Depot in the country. Several churches, and Hill Field, constructed dur­ including St. Mark's Episcopal ing the War as Navy and Army Cathedral, designed by Richard Supply Bases of considerable im­ U pjohn, are open for inspection. portance; Ogden and Provo, The State Capitol Building is but thriving industrial commumt1es a few minutes' ride from the cen­ and next in order of population to ter of town. The University of Salt Lake City. Utah, various public school build­ Further from Salt Lake than the ings, recent business and commer­ foregoing, but easily reached cial buildings, and many interest­ within a few hours' travel, are the ing residences are within close Bonneville Salt Flats, made world­ proximity to the Convention head­ famous as a speedway by Sir Mal­ quarters. colm Campbell, John Cobb, John E yston, and Ab Jenkins ; Wayne From a scenic standpoint, Salt Wonderland; Zion and Bryce Can­ Lake has possibly more to offer yons, Natural Bridges National the visitor. Situated as it is at Monument; Jensen Dinosaur the foot of the Wasatch Moun­ quarries and, in the southeastern tains, several canyons are within corner of the State, the last re­ a few minutes' ride. Alta, a ghost maining unexplored ana in the mining town at the head of Little United States. Cottonwood Canyon, is rapidly Since the War, Salt Lake has gaining fame among ski enthusiasts made considerable progress toward for its fine terrain and snow. a rational growth pattern, and a Further away, but all within a public appreciation of sound city fifty-mile radius of the City are: planning. New developments are, The Kennecott Copper Corpora­ in general, well studied from social, tion's huge, open-face copper mine; economic, and architectural stand­ the U. S. Steel Corporation's points. Commercial structures are works at Geneva, built by the Gov­ showing the results of .clear think­ ernment during the War, and not­ ing toward community relation­ ed as being the last word in in te­ ship. Residential work is slowly grated facilities; Great Salt Lake breaking away from the pattern of with its super-saturated brine in imitation and tradition, but has a

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 251 long way to go before the general velopment of what has already average is raised above the medi­ been laid out. We are told that ocre. Salt Lake City and Utah Brigham Young, as he gazed at the are young in comparison with the valley from his wagon at the majority of the communities repre­ mouth of Emigration Canyon, sented by the many architects who said, "This is the Place." We will visit here. It is sincerely sincerely hope that many of our hoped that the discussions planned guests will agree with those who for the Convention will act as a look forward to a bright economic stimulus to the orderly future de- future for the West.

Clothing for Salt Lake City

URTHER INFORMATION, as well other than open-toe shoes. Of Fas repetition of what has been course, the usual long dresses for told, may be of help to those who the President's Reception, Annual are wondering what clothes should Dinner, etc. be taken to the Convention City "The gentlemen will need light­ in June. Mrs. Ray Ashton, the weight clothes, too, with warm better half of the Chairman of the coat for our cool evenings." Convention Committee, writes: "By late June it is usually very Once again, it might be men­ warm in the daytime but cool at tioned that dark glasses would be night. For the ladies, my sugges­ a comfort and well broken-in walk­ tion would be spring casuals, silk ing shoes, particularly for those or cotton; skip the wool except for who will take one of the Post­ one good warm coat for evenings­ Convention Tours. And those garden, canyon or country club who know say that a light-weight events. soft hat would be better than a "By way of letting you in on straw. For the Annual Dinner, some of our plans, we are having dress is optional ; there will be a Canyon Breakfast, for which black dinner coats, white dinner you should bring walking shoe ~ coats and run of the mine.

}UNE, 1948 252 More Houses and Better Values By William]. Levitt

Mr. Levitt, who is president of Levitt and Sons, Inc., an extensive house­ building organization of Long Isl and, delivered the following address before the Producers' Council's fall meeting at New York, October 1947.

OU'VE HEARD and read much put in their particular fields. In Y about restrictive practices of the building business however, the labor, outmoded and archaic build­ contributions that are made by the ing codes, reactionary and ancienr very few organizations worthy of practices of construction. While the name are academic in percent­ all of these are ills of the building age compared to the total volume business-please note that I don't of housing produced. Doesn't it use the word industry-it seems seem a little ridiculous that on this to me that all of them would be most expensive of all items, on the well on their way to elimination one purchase that is probably the if-and this is a very big if-we largest single one in a man's life, could only secure organization, and it is produced by a manufacturer talent, and capital in the manu­ in an altogether different way from facturing end of the house itself. that of every other kind of manu­ The manufacturing end - the facturer in every other kind of house-building business-is com­ business? posed of approximately two hun­ The only reason for the dis­ dred thousand individual builders similarity between the house manu­ or small building companies that facturer and every other manu­ don't remotely resemble in size, facturer is the system of distribu­ scope, organization, talent, know tion of raw materials by the com­ how, any other branch of Amer­ panies largely represented in this ican manufacturing. In the radio room this morning. business, or the automobile busi­ Although you are the so urce of ness, or the moving-picture busi­ the builder's raw materials, he can­ ness, or the cloak and suit business , not purchase from you; he must go or in any other business that I can through a mass of distribution think of, you will find that the channels so that, by the time your large, soundly financed leaders ac­ product reaches him, he has paid a count for the majority of the out- penalty for his lack of size, his

JOURNAL OF THE A. l. A. 253 lack of prestige, his lack of capital. the room, and every now and then Why should capital, big capital one of those two interjects a re­ -that bugaboo called Wall Street mark or so. Finally the deal is -invest its money in a business closed. Price, delivery, everything that starts off, right at the begin­ is all agreed upon. A short time ning, with two strikes against it? later a proposal comes in-not Let me cite to you the experience from the manufacturer, not from of the very few of us who have at­ the distributor-but from another tempted to build up sizable com­ fellow who goes under the name of panies in the house-building field. -"Authorized Dealer." Our company purchases every­ 'Nell, time marches on, and the thing in carload quantities. By first thing you know a carload of any definition of wholesale, I think washing machines arrives on our we qualify, and yet the most amaz­ railroad siding. That car was ing sequence of events takes place loaded in Indiana, and, just like from the time we place an order the little undies, no human hand until we pay our bill for the mer­ touched the contents until we, at chandise delivered. Let me go Levitt, unloaded. Please remember through a typical instance: that-the car came direct from Joe Smith and Tom Brown Indiana to Long Island. come all the way from Indiana to One day, we get an invoice from convince me that my precious little this authorized dealer chap and we undies will come out more precious pay it. Naturally, he expects a than ever if a washing machine profit. He then gets an invoice does the laundering and no human from the metropolitan distributor hand touches them. Aside from and he pays it. Naturally, they the fact that I might like human expect a profit. The distributor hands to touch my undies, I finally gets an invoice from the washing agree with them and we decide to machine manufacturer and he pays install automatic washing machines it. Naturally, the manufacturer as standard equipment in all houses expects a profit. So far that makes we build. The program for 1947 three profits. But that's not all! is, let us say, 3,000 houses. That's As long as everyone else is making a lot of washing machines. All a profit, we here at Levitt feel that during the discussion a couple of we should make one too; so when other fellows have been present in we wrap up that washing machine

}UNE, 1948 254 into the over-all house package, long as he performs this function, WE charge a profit. That makes no one can quarrel with the job­ just four profits that Mrs. Owner ber's place in the distribution chain. is paying for the privilege of having But when the jobber's usefulness no hands touch her precious undies. has ceased to exist, when he be­ That same situation obtains, plus comes more of a hindrance than a or minus a profit here or there, in help, when his place in society in­ every single item of equipment or jures and affects the national econ­ material used in the construction omy, when by his very existence he of a house. contributes to the high cost of housing, then he unwittingly be­ The stock answer to all this is comes a parasite and the malig­ that there is no way of distributing nancy grows and grows until to­ building material products or day we are faced with a national equipment without this chain. I emergency that has now brought reject that answer, and I say cate­ forth the first full-dress, joint Sen­ gorically that if there is to be an ate-House Investigating Commit­ industry made out of this group of tee to find out what's wrong with individuals calling ourselves the us. building business, you, in the pro­ We, at Levitt and Sons-and ducing end of materials and equip­ there can be many more like us if ment, must set your own house in you will let them be born-are as order if we are to actually become well equipped to trace a freight an orderly house. car as anyone else at a desk in an Your distributors and your deal­ office building. We are better ers have a very definite place in equipped to determine the needs this economic life of ours-but only and sizes and quality of a product when they perform an economic than the average distributor. We function. The whole theory of are financially stronger, better or­ jobbing is based on the fact that ganized, better equipped to handle, the jobber has a capital investment, than the average jobber or dis­ stocks his shelves, and has the ma­ tributor. In brief, we can perform terials and equipment displayed for all his functions even more effi­ the consumer's benefit when, as ciently than he can, since we co­ and if-and this is another big if­ ordinate them with over-all house the consumer wants them. As manufacture. We don't need him

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 255 and yet he occupies pretty much A large company can treat with the same position as Mr. Petrillo's labor on a much more equal foot­ standby musicians at a recorded ing than the builder who produces broadcast. two houses a year. It can offer to To say that the system cannot labor a security in much the same be changed because of the tiny mi­ manner as you offer it to your own nority of organizations such as employees. A large company has ours, is to employ the same re­ a much greater chance of securing actionary thinking that obtained revisions in archaic building codes when Eli Whitney invented the than the builder who hopes to cotton gin. build a few houses. A large com­ N ot one single evil of the build­ pany, in short, by its very size and ing business-labor relationships, prestige and integrity, can accom­ antiquated building codes, guild plish, can achieve, can perform, restrictions, exists today that could where individuals are helpless and not be either completely overcome, disunited. or at least minimized to a non­ imp~rtant degree, if building were T he solution to better values in in the hands of large companies housing lies in your hands, but it rather than those who now control will take industrial statesmanship the output. and guts to accomplish it.

Honors

HENRY A. BETTMAN of Gar­ presented the J efferson Presidential riott, Becker & Bettman, architects Medal " for his tireless devotion to of Cincinnati, has been appointed the restoration of M onticello." to a fi ve-year term as a member of T hree of these medals were pre­ that city's Planning Commission. sented; the others went to The T he Commission has elected him N ew Y ork T imes fo r "outstanding its chairman. public service in the preservation To FISKE K IMBALL, the Thom­ of the writings of Thomas J effer­ as Jefferson M emorial F oundation son," and Claude G. Bowers for

} UNE, 1948 256 his book "Jefferson and Hamil­ been awarded this year's Michael ton." Friedsam Medal by The Archi­ LEON CHATELAIN, JR. has been tectural League of New York, for elected president · of the Washing­ her contribution to art and in­ ton, D. C. Board of Trade. dustry by advancing the cause of design along educational lines. FREDERIK J. WOODBRIDGE , of New York, partner in the firm of To EDWARD P. CHRYSTIE has Adams & Woodbridge, has been been awarded this year's Birch installed for the second time as Burdette Long Memorial Prize president of The Architectural for rendering, by The Architec­ League of New York, succeeding tural League of New York, for Wallace K. Harrison. his "important contribution in the To NANCY McCLELLAND has field of architectural illustration."

A Monument to Robert Mills By Edwin Bateman lvf orris Remarks at a meeting of the South Carolina Chapter, A.I.A., April 23, 1948. AuTHoR's NOTE: At this special AM GLAD to have this oppor­ meeting were present 35 of the 45 I tunity, before going on to the chapter m e m b e r s. The two more mundane subject of tile, to Lafaye's (pronounced not to say a word to the South Carolina rhyme with pay, but with pie), a Chapter of The Institute. For Lafaye partner, Herndon Fair (which, consistently with the many years there has existed a other name in the firm should per­ firm, if one-sided, friendship be­ haps be called Fire, but which ac­ tween the South Carolina Chapter tually is enunciated as in the and me, E. B. Morris. This dates Weather Bureau reports), the back, on my part, to an occasion friendly Tom Harmon, Albert when I was endeavoring to keep Simons and Thomas Voshell of green the memory of that South Charleston, Harold Woodward, and John Gates, new dean of the Carolina citizen, that ornament to architectural school of Clemson architecture-Robert Mills. On College, were among those who the part of the Chapter I don't checked in for the meeting. think it dates back at all.

JOURNAL OF T H E A. I. A. 257 The Chapter, as you all will drawings; and presently the stone recall, had for years tried to get was in a Washington stone yard Congress to appropriate funas for and the sculptor ~.v a s cutting the placing a marker on the grave of inscription and finishing things. Mills in the Congressional Ceme­ Then the subject of money­ tery, Washington, without full cash, if you know what I mean­ success. reared its ugly head. The Con­ In 1935, or thereabouts, it came gressional Cemetery requested by to my attention that the WPA return mail a hundred bucks-or needed projects to engage sculptors berries, as they are punningly in need of relief. I consulted called in the graveyard profession Admiral Peoples, who had charge -to pour a concrete foundation of these matters, and he at once for the stone. put the Mills' grave marker on By a miracle, or intervention of the list as a project. Providence, at that exact moment Naively, I thereupon conceived there happened to come in to the that I had accomplished the major Federal Architect (a deficit-pro­ part of the problem; but it turned ducing magazine upon which I was out that I must furnish the granite privileged to perform, with funds -and right then. This was a under my control, the yearly mira­ paralyzing and asphyxiating cir­ cle of changing bookkeeping from cumstance, until the North Caro­ red to black) an unsolicited ad­ lina Granite Corporation, discover­ vertisement, the only one in his­ ing I was pretty far out on the tory, for $100. T his was, of limb, came up with the offer to course, obviously marked by Olym­ provide the stone, to shape it and pus for the Robert Mills project, run the molds. and went to the Congressional A young man in Washington Cemetery. named P. G. Go~den had won a I now had a fou ndation at the competition for the design of the cemetery and a completed stone marker. Harry Francis Cunning­ at the stone yard, separated by ham, of Washington-no relation three miles and $150, the price of to your esteemed Whit Cunning­ transporting and setting. The em­ ham of Sumter, S. C.-and now barassing part came when the a Colonel on the General Staff, stone yard informed me that after made overnight a beautiful set of a certain date, very near at hand,

JUNE, 1948 . 258 THE ToMB OF RoBERT MrLLs, CoNGRESSIONAL CEMETERY, WASHINGTON, D. C. Architects provided the monument, but a forget­ ful people does not even keep down the weeds uni al ~ejttfA.Y°J 259 CHA P E L DETAILS IN THE RESIDENCE OF BISHOP GERALD SHAUGHNESSY, SEATTLE, WASH. PAUL THIRY, ARCHITECT }OH N ELLIOTT, CRAFTSMAN /ournal 1n(>~JA 260 it would no longer be responsible And about this time came, if one for the safety of this delicately believes in miracles and interven­ carved stone. tions of Providence, something oc­ The general embarrassment and curred which might be called a turmoil that resulted after this reasonable facsimile thereof. On ultimatum can perhaps be imag­ the ultimatum day set by the stone ined. The. usually resourceful yard, there were placed on my Delos Smith of Washington, who desk two pieces of mail. One was was advising with me, saw no solu­ from Paul Cret's office, enclosing tion. There was some money, five dollars. The other was from contributed by interested archi­ the South Carolina Chapter, signed tects all over the country toward by Samuel Lapham, Jr. of Charles­ this project. This had reached a ton, enclosing twenty-five dollars. high of $120, and then the bull Thus the high gods pushed us over mark:et had stopped. into touchdown territory. Your president, Walter Petty, showed me today some of the ex­ Whether it was a miracle or not, amples of Mills' architecture in or whether a relatively small proj­ Columbia, and I was again con­ ect rates miracles, I cannot say. vinced of the importance of that But the timing and events were as gentleman's position in architec­ effective as if from Olympus. I tural history, and was again re­ wish to thank the South Carolina assured of the value of the effort Chapter for permitting me to do that was put by myself and others this thing and for so dramatically into the suitable marking of the making certain of its final accom­ Mills grave. plishment. Competition Winners To A TEAM of students from ning team: architecture, \V. C. Cranbrook: Academy of Fine Arts Murchow and D.R. Knorr; paint­ was awarded first prize ($200) in ing, Matt Kahn; sculpture, Matt the 21st collaborative competition Kahn and D. R. Knorr. of the Association of the Alumni Second prize ($100) was won of the American Academy in Rome. by a team from Cornell U niver­ The problem was a cosmetic sale si ty: architecture, Richard H. and manufacturing center. Win- Schreiber; landscape architecture,

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 261 Henri Jova; painting, Paul Jova; traveling scholarship was judged sculpture, William B. Doan. by L. Bancel La Farge, chair­ Honorable Mentions were given man, Lewis G. Adams, Charles W. five teams: two from Cooper Union Beeston, Walter H. Kilham, Jr., Art School, a team from Cornell, Robert W. McLaughlin, Alexan­ one from Notre Dame, one from der P. Morgan, Robert B. O'Con­ Cleveland School of Art in con­ nor and Kenneth K. Stowell. j unction with the School of Archi­ THE WINNER of the George G. tecture of Western Reserve Uni­ Booth Traveling Fellowship for versity. 1948 is John Henry Bickle III, The jury: E. V. Meeks, Lorimer of Louisville, Kentucky, as an­ Rich, Morris Ketchum, Jr., Francis nounced by the College of Archi­ Cormier, A. F. Brinckerhoff, Rich­ tecture and Design, University of ard C. Murdock, Francis Scott Michigan. Bradford, Russell Cowles, Allyn Cox, Gaetano Cecere, lsamu No­ To JouKo HAKOLA, of New guchi and Wheeler Williams. York City, has been awarded the THE THIRTY-FIFTH PARIS first postwar Le Brun Traveling PRIZE, known also as the 1948 Scholarship by the New York Lloyd Warren Scholarship of the Chapter, A.I.A., as the result of a Beaux-Arts Institute of Design, competition for a health center has been awarded to John K. Sin­ building in an industrial city of clair, of Princeton University. approximately 100,000 population. C. E. Stade, also of Princeton, The submission of Savo M. Sto­ was chosen as the alternate. The shith, of Hermosa Beach, Calif., nationwide competition for this was especially commended.

"I have noticed-as many others have done-that what is new does not remain so for very long, and that the modern of one day is the safe establishment of the next, sometimes even to the extent of appearing old-fashioned. "At the same time I have noted that architects of per­ $Onality, gifted, and sometimes, though not always, cul­ tured, have in general achieved a quality which peers through the popular mask of their day, and infuses life into buildings of very varied styles and periods." -HOWARD ROBERTSON, F.R.I.B.A.

}UNE, 1948 262 The Construction Industry's Chills and Fever By William Stanley Parker} F.A.1.A Portions of an address before the Dallas Convention of the Associated General Contractors, February 9, 1948. The full address was under the title, "Aspects of the Construction Industry."

T IS, at all times, fitting for an dropped like a plummet to just I industry to attempt to stand off about four billion in 1933. and look at itself in the large, and We all remember the hectic check current problems of detail struggle of the Federal Govern­ against the background of the in­ ment, during the following five or dustry as a whole. This effort is six years, to restore construction particularly pertinent at this time activity and thereby reduce the when the war effort has shaken all unemployment. We remember the our business and industrial habits arguments about "priming the out of plumb and we are now try­ pump." We also remember the ing to regain our normal balance. scorn of the program's opponents What should be looked upon as at wh:it was looked upon as the "normal"? Have we had a fully failure of the priming operation. satisfactory normal basis to which Those opponents were in general it is now desirable that we return? the advocates of local action rather Have we learned something from than federal. Local autonomy, the hectic operations of war con­ free from the shackles of federal struction that we want to retain as rules and regulations, was a hobby a part of our future "normalcy"? of theirs. But how many of them realized the load that our cities The soaring peaks of production and towns laid on the neck of the that a graph discloses for the past Federal Government, and the ef­ thirty years, when drawn on a cur­ fect of that load in very largely rent dollar basis, are rather start­ nullifying the priming operation? ling. During the boom activities I have frequently sought the an­ of the 1920's total construction in­ swer to this question during the dustry activity, including mainte­ past dozen years and have found nance, as you no doubt remember, an almost complete lack of realiza­ gradually rose to a peak of about tion of the situation as it actually 14 billion in 1928, after which it existed.

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 263 The construction industry is not In 1930, state and local public a single homogeneous industry. It works amounted to just over three has several major component parts, billions; in 1933, to just over one each of which has its own charac­ billion-a shrinkage of two-thirds. teristics. It is composed of private During this period, the Federal enterprise and public enterprise, Government, under Hoover, tried and in between there is the semi­ to stem the tide of unemployment public, semi-private field of the by doubling its public works from public utilities, much of which is 300 million a year to 600 million; private enterprise acting under while state and local governments public control. At the peak of reduced their public works by 2 1926'-28, private enterprise and billion a year. For every extra public utilities together accounted dollar Hoover put in, they pulled - for 7 5% of all construction, public seven out. And from 1933 to 1938, works accounting for the remain­ the total state and local expendi­ ing 25%. tures on construction remained al­ most at the low point. Substan­ Then came the slump, and at tially all the increase was due to the bottom level private enterprise federal spending. and public utilities together pro­ The Federal Government had duced only about 50% of the embarked on its first major ex­ greatly reduced total, public works ample of "compensatory spend­ accounting for the remaining 50%. ing." That is supposed to be the Then came the federal program increasing of government spending and public works rapidly increased in a depression to offset the drop due almost entirely to federal in private spending. But the idea spending, and in 1938, although never was permitted to work, so private construction was nearly far as construction was concerned, three times as much as in 1933, because all the increase in federal public works still accounted for expenditures on construction, for nearly half of the total. Let us five years, was used up in offsetting study the relationship between fed­ the drop in state and local public eral and local public works during construction. That is one of the those years to illustrate what our reasons, and an important one, why local governments were doing to the federal program didn't come affect the situation, and why. up to expectations.

}UNE, 1948 264 I stress this large-scale factor in tected municipal reserves as a basic our industry lest our studies of in­ policy. At that time no state per­ ternal problems, such as bidding mitted them. Today 26 states procedure, take on too great an permit municipal reserves, in most importance in our minds. cases for capital outlays only, but Without reasonable stability in in a few states, notably Maine, a the industry, the mechanics by protected reserve for operating ex­ which we direct our operations are penses is permitted. relatively unimportant, and if we In the past, local expenditures seek stability we must seriously for public works have run parallel study and understand the part that to the trends of private enterprise, public works can and must play in thus adding fuel to the fire when a developing it. And to do so we depression got started. It is neces­ must understand why local public sary to adopt a policy of stabiliza­ works have tended, in the past, to­ tion of local public works and this wards instability rather than to­ can only be accomplished by long­ wards stability. range programs and municipal reserves. We must expect private con­ The Federal Government, un­ struction to move in cycles, as all like local governments, can use private enterprise will. It is based deficit financing in an emergency. on profits and expectations of It should expect to borrow and profits and it will continue to be spend to offset any serious depres­ governed accordingly. Public ex­ sion. Local governments can't do penditures should be administered that, but with the aid of reserves, in the public interest. In the past long-range programs, and sound we have forced local public expen­ debt policy, they can move a long ditures to be administered on a way towards stabilizing their ex­ hand-to-mouth, year-to-year basis. penditures over the years, and pro­ Long-term protected municipal vide an element of stability in the reserves, as a back-log against a field of construction. An analysis depression, were forbidden. In of the industry will show that local 1938 the Massachusetts State public works is the only category Planning Board said that was one of construction that is capable of of the difficulties and recommended being administered according to a the adoption of long-term pro- policy of stabilization. It is the

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 265 only potential economic gyroscope importance. It meant a manage­ in the industry. ment form of contract, in which What is the construction indus­ many architects, engineers, and try doing to understand this need contractors found themselves in and to foster its accomplishment? new and stimulating relationships. It is of vital interest to architects, Price rises make the 17 billion total contractors, material men, and an inflated amount compared to labor. It is not just a subject for the peak of 1929, but the fact that economic dissertations. It is a so much construction could be ac­ practical business need. Contrac­ complished in so short a time and tors are citizens of local govern­ with a depleted industry is witness ments. They can help individually to the technical competence of the by urging the adoption of such pol­ industry, for which the contracting icies by their own communities. group is entitled to a major share There, then, is one, rather large­ of the credit. scale, aspect of the construction in­ dustry, but it is fundamental to the As a result of my contact with development and maintenance of a City and State Planning, I have healthy industry with a normal gained a broader understanding of temperature rather than one that the composition of the construc­ is constantly in the throes of either tion industry and of the import­ chills or fever. ance of public works in the whole And the graph of production al­ picture of construction. And I am ready referred to is, in effect, a more and more impressed with the fever chart for the years 1940 to short-sightedness of those who con­ 1943. Having plummeted to a tent themselves with decrying prac­ low of about 4 billion in 1933, it tically all public expenditures as a crept back to about 9 billion in tax burden on private enterprise. 1938, and then shot up to its war The industry should raise its peak of 17 billion in 1942, drop­ sights above its own day-to-day ping off again almost to 8 billion problems and seek the major causes in 1944, two years later. That of its instability. I believe it will was, of course, a necessary but un­ find the greatest potential aid to healthy activity. It was based on stability to lie in the better admin­ a necessary disregard of cost, as istration ·of local public works. If quick accomplishment was of first compensatory spending by the Fed-

}UNE, 1948 %66 eral Government is ever to be fully Substantial progress, at least in effective in offsetting a depression principle, has been made during the in private enterprise, it is necessary last few years. But much remains to secure some substantial stabiliza­ to be done and it will be in the tion of local public expenditures. selfish interest of all organizations New policies must be adopted but in the construction industry to aid must first be understood, and they this progress in every way possible, must aim at the prevention of un­ not only as organizations but due spending in boom periods as through local action by their preventive medicine, if serious de­ members as citizens of their own pressions are to be prevented in commumt1es. It is the grass roots the future. that need most attention.

Where Do We Go from Here? By Ossian P. Ward At seventy-two years young, the author recently read the following paper before his Kentucky Chapter-not because of an assignment, though he never refuses one, but because he wanted to get it off his chest. At the suggestion of some of those who heard it, we print it for a wider audience.-Editor

y A TWIST OF CIRCUMSTANCES and to the Kentucky Chapter, the B-Fate, if you will-I am an State unit of The Institute. What architect. If I were a Presbyterian, could be stated more simply or I would call it predestination. But, idealistically than the objectives of be that as it may, I am practising The Institute? architecture. Although entering "The objects of The American the profession of architecture Institute of Architects shall be to through the side door of structural organize and unite in fellowship engineering, there are few archi­ the architects of the United States tects more devoted to their profes­ of America; to combine their ef­ sion than I. As a matter of course, forts so as to promote the esthetic, therefore, I am devoted to The scientific, and practical efficiency of American Institute of Architects, the profession; to advance the sci­ the organization representing the ence and art of planning and build­ architectural profession nationally, ing by advancing the standards of

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 267 architectural education, trammg, ing of the architects with the of­ and practice; to coordinate the ficials of the Louisville Board of building industry and the profes­ Education and their consultant on sion of architecture; to insure the planning of school buildings. There advancement of the living stand­ were jobs in the offing, and there ards of our people through their was 100% attendance on 24 hours' improved environment ; and to notice. make the profession of ever-increas­ This is the last meeting of the ing service to society." year 194 7, so would it not be a The Institute is trying its best good time to look in a mirror and with its somewhat limited organ­ see what manner of men we are? ization and funds to render ever And what do we see? We certainly better service to its members and to are not very handsome. But does the public. I ts success is measured that matter? We see graying hair by the amount of aid and coopera­ on this one and bald spots on that tion furnished by the members. one. That is regrettable, but not For this reason, attendance at serious. Some are young and some Chapter meetings and service on have a few wrinkles or maybe a committees should be an obliga­ double chin; and some are ob­ tion. I never could understand viously old. Age comes to all of the attitude of those who say, us and naturally slows one up a "Yes, I will be at the meeting if bit and causes some disillusion­ something else does not turn up." ment, but if the heart is stout, it If you are really interested in your does not necessarily put the veteran Chapter, you will not let any­ out of the fight for better things. thing come up to prevent your Consider Sir John Chandos attendance. who, at 62, tall, straight as an ar­ Let us ask ourselves the ques­ row, with snowy white hair was tion, "Are we really interested in still one of the foremost knights in our profession or only in what we all England. can get out of it?" Perhaps we During the war between the had better not answer that ques­ French and the Riffians in North tion. It would be amusing were it Africa a 68-year-old native courier not so discouraging to contrast the ran 80 miles between dark and attendance at the average Chapter dawn. After three cups of coffee meeting with that at a recent meet- he seemed no worse for wear.

JUNE, 1948 268 EVERGREEN P LANTATION (183 0) ST. JoHN THE BA PTI ST PARISH, Lou r sIANA

Photograph by Clarence ] ohn Laughlin, anthor of "Ghosts Along !he lvlississippi," reviewed on page 279

The plantation group, acquired in 1946 by Mrs. Matilda Gray, is in process of restoration by Richard Koch, architect

Journal 7n"'l11A 269 SOUTH PORTI CO, THE WHITE HousE w AS HINGTON, D. C.

Photograph by Abbie Rowe

Those who may have questiorred the possible effect of adding the balcony will rejoice in t he skill and good taste wit h which William Adams D elano, Consultant and Lorenzo S. W inslow, Architect of The White House have handled the alteration, incidentally doi ng away with the awkward awnings, clearing the vines -from the step rail­ ings, and removing the horizontal shelter that obstructed the view of the rusticated base.

Journal 7ne-'li!A 270 Gentleman Jackson, the greatest make the world a better place to pugilist that England ever pro­ live in by improving our own pro­ duced, at the age of 50, defied any fession. Improvement, like charity, man in England to get past his begins at home. guard; and at the age of 70 he could step a lively round or two vVhat can we do? That is a with any of the young bloods. g-0od question and deserves an an­ You undoubtedly understand swer. Let's start out by admitting why I suggest that the older ones that we are not as wise or pro­ should not be discarded as long as ficient as we would like to be and there is any fight left in them. that we want those who come after Look again in the mirror. What us to be better men than we. That should we search for? Look into means that our educational system the eyes! Is there a gleam of in­ from the kindergarten up and in terest and friendliness in them? Is all its ramifications, including ar­ there a smile about the lips? That chitectural training, should be con­ is what the world needs, if we are tinually revised, broadened and im­ to survive, and why should not the proved. Do we architects take any architects help to lead the way? interest in what the architectural Do we see any indication of lead­ schools are teaching or offer any ership in the mirror, or merely helpful suggestions? Do we take commonplace personalities waiting enough interest in the licensing of for something to happen or for architects, the registration law, and someone else to clear away a path the administration of it? The to the top of the hill? We prate architectural profession can never a lot about the architect being a become great or highly respected leader, head of the building in­ unless the qualifications of those dustry, master designer, a connois­ desiring to practise are determined seur in art, beauty and color. definitely enough to assure the pub­ Shush !-the doors are closed; let's lic of the competency of all who speak in whispers and admit to our­ bear the title of architect. That selves that few of us possess any title should be borne proudly and of these qualities. This does not zealously. And do not forget that mean that we cannot attain them integrity is the complement of pro­ if we strive hard enough. So, let ficiency and equally important. us not be discouraged, but start to What comes next in this evolu-

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 271 yet extremely fascinating study at quarters of the Lamp Department Nela Park under leading men of of the General Electric Company. research in the lighting field gives Twenty buildings on a high eighty­ one a practical understanding of five-acre site overlook Lake Erie. the human and scientific factors of More than 1,000 of the employees good lighting and its physiological there are engaged in the research, importance in today's construction. development, enginering and test­ With this knowledge the archi­ ing work on light sources and tect and engineer can evaluate that radiant energy. It is recognized as which is good . and bad in lighting the lighting headquarters of the techniques. He understands why world. choosing a fixture of given lumen One phase of the work of the output to produce a desired foot­ Institute is the dissemination of this candle reading is only one phase of vast store of knowledge. Period­ good visibility. More important, ically three- to five-day conventions in proceeding with new work he are conducted for architects, engi­ has the conviction that he can give neers, scientists, doctors, educators, his clients very good illumination etc. The groups are held down in at moderate costs without wonder­ number to approximately sixty in ing what the intensity should be or order to keep them intimate in whether he should use direct, in­ character. During the three days direct, incandescent, fluorescent or of lectures, demonstrations, field cold cathode. trips and seminars, the instructors I feel that perhaps there are are tireless in the effort to be of others in our profession who, in em­ service. T he choice of speakers is pirical fashion and without con­ amazing; each lecture is more ab­ viction, have been feeling their way sorbing than the last. along in matters of new lighting A contagious air of cordiality standards and techniques. It is for pervades the whole atmosphere. No that reason that I wish to intro­ one mentioned the words "General duce those unacquainted, to the Electric Company." The subject reservoir of knowledge, enchan­ of lighting is presented objectively ment and cordiality that is N ela from the scientific and physiological Park. standpoint. It is not a commercial. N ela Park, Cleveland, is the ad­ Every phase and problem of ministrative and laboratory head- lighting is analyzed at N ela Park.

JUNE, 1948 274 In dramatic manner the adminis­ switched back and forth from op­ tration building is planned so that timum conditions of both types of it incorporates full-scale demon­ lighting delivering 40 foot-candles stration sections of typical indus­ of illumination. trial, commercial, institutional and You leave the classroom well residential areas. The method of convinced of the facts given in the instruction, citing one example, is lecture. You know that when the as follows: amount of light desired is more After a twenty-minute lecture than the 30 foot-candles, incandes­ on fundamentals and applications cent lamps will not do the proper of proper classroom seeing condi­ job; fluorescent will. You know tions, you are escorted through the that reflection factors and colors of spacious lobby to the typical mod­ walls, floors, desks and blackboards ern classroom complete with desks, are of positive importance to good chalkboard, et al. The instructor visibility and eye comfort; they are pushes a button and six incandes­ not just lofty ideas printed in light­ cent fixtures are lowered from the ing journals. ceiling. As he plays the keys of an electric panelboard, you see and The other phases of lighting are feel the actual results of direct and taught in similar fashion and pro­ indirect applications of 100- to 7 50- duce equal conviction. The factual watt incandescent lamps in those data compiled during years of re­ fixtures. Light meters before you search covering the effects of proper record varying intensities from 10 and improper lighting upon thou­ to 50 foot-candles at desk level. sands of people give ample proof. Comparative glare and eye discom­ You know that in certain industrial fort factors reveal themselves with installations where degrees of light convincing reality. Then, having up to 200 or 300 foot-candles are reached the practical economic lim­ desirable, they can be achieved with its of incandescent illumination, the absolute eye comfort; you know drop lights disappear and fluores­ that in auditoriums complete dark­ cent fixtures appear. Again vary­ ness is improper; that germicidal ing installations record 10 to 100 lamps are ninety-nine percent effec­ foot-candles while the student eval­ tive in killing disease-carrying air­ uates relative eye comfort and see­ borne bacteria and are important ing ability. The lighting is then features in all places of public gath-

JOURNAL OF THE A. l. A. 275 ering; that beneficial, synthetic this tool of ours, but one learns to sunshine can be installed at mod­ appreciate more fully the content erate cost in sections of hospitals and portent of published data on and schools. You know that we lighting. as a profession can effectively re­ My philosophy of architecture duce the number of children who was greatly enriched by my experi­ have to resort to eyeglasses before ence at N ela Park. I now take they leave high school and college. stock and think with refreshed ap­ Many of these facts are known proach as to the relative importance by forward-thinking architects and of the various component parts of engineers. However, our acquaint­ total building design. My closer ance with them is usually restricted acquaintance with proper physical to the dry media of black print. In seeing has opened my mind to a visiting N ela Park, not only does clearer philosophical comprehension one meet in fascinating technicolor of architecture.

~ Architects Read and Write ~ Letters from readers-discussion, argu­ ~ mentative, corrective, even vituperative. ~ ARCHITECTURE AND THE A.I.A. Bv CHESTER NAGEL, Cambridge, Mass. HE January, 1948 BULLETIN ered as the proper sounding-boards T is a good example of what of what are twentieth-century con­ The A.I.A. can do. I am im­ cepts of beauty and what are the pressed by the various informative proper functions of contemporary technical reports, but especially by architecture." M r. White's reports of Institute In my opinion, it is imperative opinion. that The Institute recognize mod­ I certainly concur in the follow­ ern architecture; that it must ing: "The Institute could do more throw off the yoke of eclecticism to expand the present professional and that it fully explore and spread horizon of architecture, particular­ the concepts of the real architec­ ly by emphasizing the more stimu­ ture of our times. It should be lating, and also the more sound, apparent by now to even the most approaches to contemporary de­ reactionary that modern architec­ sign." Also, "The JOURNAL and ture is valid; that it is an integral the Convention were to be consid- part of our culture. The A.I.A.,

}UNE, 1948 276 officially, must understand, prac­ sham, pretense, disregard for the tise, teach and proclaim modern values that properly sustain and architecture, if The A.I.A. is to embellish human life. survive on the basis of an effective The youth of today intuitively body. recognize the existence of our con­ I venture to say that eclecticism temporary expression. They quite is nearing the end of its unhealthy naturally sense the order of things; existence. The forces and events the relation of design with life. We of history have prepared its doom. who teach have found that they In its place we will and are finding will be heard in their demands for a much more human expression. what is right. But they need the But, to give it soil and nourishment inspiration and the guidance that we must understand it. Perhaps an official body can give. In my the worst enemy of modern archi­ opinion, it is up to The A.I.A. tecture is its imposter, the modern- now to prove its mettle or to lose 1st1c. In this pseudo-modern are its place with destiny. And I think found all the faults of past copy destiny is growing short of pa­ works: the lack of appropriateness, tience.

SUNLIGHT AND THE HOSPITAL PATIENT BY BENJAMIN R. STURGES, Providence, R. I.

HAD OCCASION to read the De­ in that it is on the northeast I cember issue of your magazine corner of a building and has there­ while a patient in the Massachu­ fore cheerful morning sun which setts General Hospital. I was fades about noon to be supplanted naturally enough interested in the by adequate light from the north article which ,dealt with sunlight windows. This is an almost ideal and the hospital patient. As be­ solution of the problem, but I can tween the two views presented, I well understand that even the best certainly agreed with that ex­ of architects would find it difficult pressed by Carl A. Erickson. Cer­ to build a hospital with rooms all tainly Robert W. Cutler jumps to on the northeast corner. the conclusion that sunlight is necessarily beneficial to patients. It There seemed to me to be one unquestionably is cheerful, but for very substantial criticism of both many kinds of illness the glare the points of view represented in which it brings would be a serious your article. Neither architect dis advantage. had any real basis for his opinion. The location of the room from I grant that it would involve quite which I am writing this is most a series of complicated tests to de­ interesting from this point of view termine exactly what effect sun-

JOURNAL OF THE A. l. A. 277 light has on the patient. It would it seems to me that until such an be necessary to consider the effect approach is undertaken no one is of sunlight in different quantities qualified to express an opinion on in all the types of illness which the whether sunlight is good or bad for hospital would encounter. Indi­ patients. If architects base their vidual patient's reaction to sunlight decisions on as meager facts as the would also have to be considered. two who have written the above In spite of the difficulties of arriv­ article I think the hospital builders ing at a satisfactory series of tests, of today should be concerned.

EARLY DAYS AT M.I.T. BY WALTER H. KILHAM, F.A.I.A., Boston READ Dean Arnaud's article in Letang was a pupil of the Atelier I the April number of the Vaudremer, a true prophet of the JOURNAL with much interest, but Latin Quarter, a tireless and en­ on page 149 I noticed a statement thusiastic teacher who enjoyed the which calls for correction. Dean affection and respect of his pupils to Arnaud implies that Prof. Desire a remarkable degree. A handsome Despradelles was brought to M.I.­ bronze plaque was later placed by T. by Professor Ware and was them in the Art Department of the the first French teacher of archi­ Boston Public Library as a testi­ tecture in the country. Actually monial. the first and the one who, with Ware, started the M.I.T. archi­ M. I. T. also was founded in tectural school was Eugene Letang, Boston, not Cambridge. I ts re­ who taught until his death when moval to the latter city only oc­ he was succeeded by Despradelles. curred in recent years.

ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION BY ALLAN H. NEAL, Pittsburgh

ENJOYED the April JouRNAL believe that there is something I as it contained many titillating wrong with education today. and thought-provoking ideas. But It all starts in the public schools of especial interest to me was R. -mass education which seldom Clipston Sturgis' letter on Archi­ turns out thinkers or those who tectural Education. There are are prepared to, or want to, culti­ thoughts therein which the present­ vate the mind and an appreciation day educators might well ponder. of the better things of life. They The older I become, the more I are a confused lot, not prepared

}UNE1 1948 278 to analyze the difference b_etween itects and few schools have any on ~ize and importance, speed and their staff to teach or criticise. The progress, authority and wisdom, practical side is neglected, as is money and wealth, excitement and also the cultural side, by minimiz­ pleasure. ing the importance of the hu­ They enter college and, espe­ manities. cially in the architectural college, Art and architectural apprecia­ the cultural side of education is tion courses taught in the public sadly neglected. The curriculum schools is an excellent idea, and is too technical, especially since the should help a lot. And I would modern craze has so completely like to sec the colleges develop it taken over in the schools. An and foster an appreciation of a article I read a few months ago practical and cultural education; somewhere stuck in my memory. emphasizing more the training of The writer pointed out that train­ the mind than the training of the ing is teaching the student to per­ hand. Then it is up to the student form an a;ct by imitation; education to follow up-work, travel, study trains him to analyze and solve for the whole of his career. problems which have not con­ fronted him before. I do not think As Mr. Sturgis also said, the the architectural student in these best men in our profession are "in­ times receives that sort of educa­ variably those who have had the tion. As Mr. Sturgis states, few most thorough all-around educa­ of the educators are practising arch- tion."

Books ~ Bulletins

GHOSTS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI. chief characteristics of Louisiana's By Clarence John Laughlin. 217 old houses. For an example of pp. 10;4"x13". New York: his photography see p. 269. 1948: Charles Scribner's Sons. $10. HEATING AND VENTILATING's There have appeared in this ENGINEERING DATABOOK. By country some rather remarkable Clifford Strock. 576 pp. 8;4" architectural photographers whose x 11 ". New York: 1948 : The names will long be remembered. Industrial Press. $7. Mr. Laughlin has all the qualifica­ An impressive compilation of tions for membership in this nota­ data for those who design these ble company. To his technical skill installations, including the latest he adds a slant towards the whim­ word on the heat pump, electro­ sical and the mystical. He cer­ thermal storage, snow melting, tainly reveals in this volume the solar heating and panel heating. ·

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A, 279 THOMAS JEFFERSON AMONG THE MONA LISA'S MUSTACHE. By ARTS. By Eleanor Berman. 327 T. H. Robsjohn-Gibbings. 282 pp. 50" x 80". New York: pp. 50" x 8;4". New York: 1948: Philosophical Library, 1947 Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. $3. Inc. $3.75. The author of "Good-Bye, Mr. Architecture, gardening, oratory, Chippendale" turns his caustic music and letter-writing, in Dr. shafts upon modern art. You may Berman's view were the arts Jef­ not feel that he proves a case in ferson esteemed most highly, and linking modern art to occultism she has brought together from his and even to fascism, but there is own writings his thoughts and always delight in watching his varying opinions upon them. facile swordplay.

THE REDEVELOPMENT OF CEN­ SOIL MECHANICS IN ENGINEER­ TRAL AREAS. By the Ministry ING PRACTICE. By Karl Ter­ of Town and Country Planning. zaghi and Ralph B. Peck. 582 110 pp. 7.;4" x 9%". London: pp. 5%" x 9". New York: 1947: His Majesty's Stationery 1948: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Office. Obtainable from British $5.50. Information Services, New Anyone who has marvelled at York. $3 .65. what borings will reveal - and The first of a series of handbooks what they leave for future surprise for the use of England's local au­ during the excavation-may want thorities and planning officers, as­ to know more of the mysteries be­ suming conditions in a provincial low grade ; still others will leave town of about 250,000 inhabitants. it to the engineers.

Calendar June 18: Spring meeting of the ing Board, Hotel Utah, Salt Lake Producers' Council, Inc., Palmer Lake City. House, Chicago. June 22-25: Eightieth Conven­ June 19-20: Annual meeting of tion of The American Institute of the National Council of Architec­ Architects, Hotel U tah, Salt Lake tural Registration Boards, Hotel City. Utah, Salt Lake City. June 28-July 1 : First Congress June 20-21: Thirty-fourth an­ of the International Union of nual meeting of the Association of Architects, Lausanne, Switzerland. Collegiate Schools of Architecture, July 6-10: Store Modernization Hotel Utah, Salt Lake City. Show, Grand Central Palace, New June 22: Annual meeting of the York. National Architectural Accredit- September 20-23: Fiftieth An-

}UNE, 1948 280 niversary Convention, American Traffic Engineers, Hotel Warwick, Hospital Association, Atlantic Philadelphia, Pa. City, N. ]. October 13-16: Annual meeting September 20-24: Annual Tech­ of the National Association of nical Conference of the Illuminat­ Housing Officials, Olympic Hotel, ing Engineering Society, Hotel Seattle, Wash. Statler, Boston. November 29-December 4: An­ September 26-28: Twenty-first nual meeting of the American So­ annual convention, California ciety of Mechanical Engineers, Council of Architects, Yosemite featuring the 18th National Ex­ Valley. position of Power and Mechanical October 11-13: Nineteenth an­ Engineering, Grand Central Pal­ nual meeting of the Institute of ace, New York.

The Editor's Asides A GOOD MANY CENTURIES AGO down the marble or limestone very some progressive master builder much in the manner of a careless discovered the efficacy of a drip­ chewer of tobacco. But instead of mold. It was a practical device, one drooling mouth to offend our a purely utilitarian sister of the sensibilities, the modern office build­ many moldings conceived in the ing or hotel, or hospital may have interest of esthetics. It contributed a few hundred or a thousand. nothing to the molding family's One of these days some progres­ main purpose-the addition of sive architect is going to rediscover lines, tones, shadows to a surface. the efficacy of lug-sill with a drip­ It was the poor relation of that mold, and then how happy he'll be. proud company, a sort of scullery maid. Just how useful its work IN SPITE OF our most strenuous has been over the centuries, we arc reportorial efforts, we must admit just now discovering. In the con­ that on too many occasions we fall temporary striving for a facade down badly. It has been pointed that will have no slightest projec­ out with some emphasis that our tion to mar the austerity of its flat most recent list of Honors failed plane, the drip-mold has been ban­ to note the fact that William Les­ ished to the assembly of traditional caze, of New York, has made Cal­ taboos. The lower corners of a vert Whisky's august body of "Men flat, sill-less window opening drool of Distinction."

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 281 THE NAME OF BATSFORD has Monument, the Bunker Hill long had special significance in the Monument, the Washington Mon­ world of architectural books. In ument in Baltimore, two wings of 1843 Bradley Thomas Batsford Independence Hall in Philadel­ opened a small bookshop in High phia, the Treasury Building and Holborn, London. Architectural the Old Post Office in the capital, libraries throughout the English­ surely deserves the devoted care speaking world now show an un­ of this nation. Congress once questioned preponderance of that thought so, for it passed a bill, imprint. And now Batsford has offered by Senator Thomas S. stretched an arm across the Atlantic McMillan, to erect a memorial and established a branch in New to Mills. As Congress occasionally York, remodeling for this purpose does, however, it authorized the · a city house at 122 East 55th Street. memorial but never appropriated the money to build it. The grave THE GRAVE OF ROBERT MILLS, of Robert Mills was identified only in the Congressional Cemetery, as "No. 111," until the architects here in Washington, drew E. B. gave it a more fitting marking Morris and myself to make a pil­ (See page 259). grimage thereto, combining the Massachusetts architects may purpose of photographing the stone feel a special impulse to help put and learning whether the burial the grave under perpetual care, for plot is in good shape. Four or more it appears that Mills' design for other members of the Mills family the Bunker Hill Monument was are buried within the iron-fenced pretty freely "adapted" in building plot, which, as might be expected, that landmark, but Mills never got shows the effects of having no a cent for his drawings. regular personal care. It seemed a worthy project, for such members A SPECIAL LEATHER MEDAL goes of the profession as may be inter­ to the Washington Star for the best ested, to collect the few dollars trick of the month. We quote: "A ( $7 50.) that are required to assure blueprint for reorganization of .... perpetual care of the plot and is being etched with painstaking monument by the Cemetery au­ strokes by a select group of archi­ thorities. The grave of the man tects. The draftsmen are headed who designed the Washington by former President Hoover..... "

}UNE, 1948 Z82 INDEX VOLUME IX: JANUARY-JUNE, 1948 References to illustrations are printed in italics

A.I.A. Arbitration Clause Upheld in Bishop, Samuel R.: Safety from the Court: 178 Architect's Viewpoint: 220 Albany Post Office, Stairway, Albany, Books f.:J Bulletins: 43, 84, 186, 279 N. Y., Gander, Gander f.:J Gander, Board of Directors, A.I.A., A State­ architects: 163; Main Court Room: ment by The: An Emergency 164 Housing Program: 4 Albertson, Wilson f.:J Richardson, A. H.: Boston Society of Architects, The End Spire of St. Joseph's Church, Seattle, of a Chapter, by Alexander E. Washington: 115 Hoyle: 202 American Academy in Rome, winners Bryce Canyon National Par~: 212 in the collaborative competition of Buckler, Fenhagen, Meyer f.:J Ayers, the Association of the Alumni of: 261 architects: St. Mary's Academy, Apprentices, More and Better for the Alexandria, J7 a.: 77 Construction Industry: 24 Buffier, J. Robert: Architecture in the Architect and the Public, The, by Elementary Schools: 13 Howard A. Swann: 243 Building Code, The Architect and the, Architects Companionable? Are, by Ed­ by Emil J. Szendy: 7 win Bateman Morris: 26 Building Codes, Shorter and Better, Architect's Professional Vista, The, by Emil J. Szendy: 204 by Henry S. Churchill: 51, 119 Building Costs, We Can Cut, by R. Architectural Education: by William D. Sannit: 72 W. Wurster: 34; by R. Clipston Burns f.:J James, architects: Saddle Sturgis, F.A.I.A.: 181; by Allan H. Horse Barn, Indianapolis, Ind.: 116 Neal: 278 Architectural Instructors Needed: 41 Architecture and The A.I.A., by Calendar: 44, 89, 135, 179, 232, 280 Chester Nagel: 276 Ceiling Zero, by William Dixon Shay: "Architecture and the Art of Medi­ 273 cine," by Godfrey Poggi: 39 Chapel Details in the Residence of Bishop Architecture in the Elementary Gerald Shaughnessy, Seattle, !Fash., Schools, by J. Robert Buffier: 13; Paul Thiry, architect: 260 by Arthur F. Deam: 180 Charleston Foundation, Historic, by Architecture, Is It? by Victor A. Henry P. Staats: 80 Matteson, F.A.LA.: 88 Churchill, Henry S.: The Architect's Arnaud, Leopold: How Architecture Professional Vista: 51, 119 Is Being Taught: 147 Commission of Fine Arts: South Por- Art Commission, Words to an, by tico ofThe White House: 64 Hugh Ferriss: 195 Competitions: 134, 261 Bannister, Turpin C.: South Portico Competition Winners: 261 of The White House: 69 Construction Industry's Chills and Baer, David C.: Hospital Seminar of Fever, The, by William Stanley the Texas Society: 106 Parker, F.A.I.A. : 263 Construction Needs Coordination, by Bellman, Gillett f.:J Richards, architects, R. D. Sannit: 127 Residence of E. J. Marshall, Toledo, Contemporary Design in Architecture, Ohio: 221 by Ely Jacques Kahn, F.A.I.A.: 159 Berryman, Jim, cartoon by: South Corbusier, Comparing Wright and Le, Portico of The White House: 71 by Seymour Stillman: 226

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A. 283 Deam, Arthur F.: "Architecture in Hebrard, Honoring Jean, by Clair w. the Elementary Schools": 180 Ditchy, F.A.I.A.: 154 Dean's House, Princeton: 124, 125 Help! by Tom Vandevelle: 40; com­ Delano, William Adams, F.A.I.A.: South ment by Charles A. Pearson, Jr.: 139 Portico of the White House: 64, 68, Herold, P. J.: A Way to Save Postage: 270 185 Detroit Personalities, Some, by Edwin Historic Charleston Foundation, by Bateman Morris: 213 Henry P. Staats: 80 Ditchy, Clair W., F.A.I.A.: Honoring Honors: 42, 61, 158, 218, 256 Jean Hebrard: 154 Hospital Seminar of the Texas Society, Dykes, Eugene W.: Having Fun: 39; by David C. Baer: 106 Sunlight and the Patient: 89 Houses and Better Values, More, by William J. Levitt: 253 Edmunds, James R., Jr., F.A.I.A.: The Housing Program, An Emergency: A Pan American Annex in Relation to National Capital Planning: 215 Statement by The Board of Direc­ Education, Architectural: by William tors, A. I.A.: 4 W. Wurster: 34; by R. Clipston How Architecture Is Being Taught, by Sturgis, F.A.I.A.: 181; by Allan H. Leopold Arnaud: 147 Neal: 278 Hoyle, Alexander E.: The End of a Chapter: 202 Educational Field, News of the: 62, 135, 157, 234 Hungary, An Appeal from: 41 Ellett, Thomas Harlan, F.A.I.A.: South Portico of The White House: 70 Institute's Secretary, The: 13 Emergency Housing Program, An: A Instructors Needed, Architectural: 41 Statement by The Board of Di­ International Union of Architects, rectors, A.I.A.: 4 First Congress of the: 225 Evergreen Plantation, St. john the Baptist Parish, La.: 269 James Harrison Steedman Memorial Editor's Asides, The: 45, 90, 141, 189, Fellowship, The: 37 236, 281 John Stewardson Memorial Scholar­ Exhibition, Traveling: 225 shi(J: 62 JouRNAL's Illustrations, The: 224 Fellowships, Available Traveling: 36, 62, 113 Kahn, Ely Jacques, F.A.I.A.: Con- Ferriss, Hugh: Words to an Art Com­ temporary Design in Architecture: mission: 195 159 Field, Hermann H.: Town Planning in Kilham, Walter H., F.A.I.A.: Early Poland: 16 Days at M. I. T.: 278 Fisher, Fisher E5 Hubbell, architects: Robert W. Speers Memorial Hospital LeBrun Traveling Scholarship, The: for Children, Denver, Colo.: 29 38; winner of: 262 Fun, Having, by Eugene W. Dykes: 39 Lederer, Robert E.: Call for a Plastic Furniture Design, International Com­ Drawing Surface: 86 petition for Low-cost: 134 Levi, Julian Clarence, F.A. I. A.: Sum­ mary of the VI Pan American Con­ Garden Week in the Old Dominion: 60 gress: 114 George G. Booth Traveling Fellow­ Levitt, William J.: More Houses and ship: 62; winnerofthe: 262 Better Values: 253 Gerhardt, Paul, Jr.: Standards of Pro­ Lighting: see Ceiling Zero fessional Practice: 136 Litchfield, Elect us D., F.A.I.A.: The Gibb, Arthur N ., F.A.I.A.: Youth Will "Lytchfield" House: 40 Be Served: 183. Lloyd Warren Scholarship, The: 38; Gugler, Eric, F.A.I.A .: South Portico winner of: 262 of The White House: 69 Lowell M. Palmer Fellowship: 38

}UNE, 1948

284 MacAlister, Sir Ian, a letter from: 85 Peaslee, Horace W., F.A.I.A.: South McKim Fellowship: 113 Portico of The White House: 65; Marshall, E. ]., Residence of, Toledo, Pan American Annex in Relation to Ohio, Bellman, Gillett C:J Richards, National Capital Planning, The: 215 architects: 221 Philadelphia, Former Days in, by Matteson, Victor A., F.A.I.A.: Is It Edwin Bateman Morris: 167 Architecture?: 88 Plastic Drawing Surface, Call for a, by Mills, A Monument to Robert, by Robert E. Lederer: 86 Edwin Bateman Morris: 257; Tomb Poggi, Godfrey: "Architecture and the of: 259 Art of Medicine:" 39 M. I. T., Early Days at, by Walter H. Poland Rebuilds: 19, 20 Kilham, F . A.I.A.: 278 Poland, Town Planning in, by Her­ Mindeleff, Victor, by Delos H. Smith: man H. Field: 16 219 Morris, Edwin Bateman: Are Archi­ Reinforcement, a photograph by Inland tects Companionable?: 26; Former Steel Company: 173 Days in Philadelphia: 167; Some Rome Prize Fellowships, The: 36 Detroit Personalities: 213; A Monu­ Rosenfield, Isadore: "Sunlight and the ment to Robert Mills: 257 Hospital Patient:" 139 Musings of an Old-Timer, by Hobart A. Walker, F.A.I.A.: 185 Saddle Horse Barn, Indianapolis, In­ Na gel, Charles, Jr.: The Wlute House diana, Burns C:J James, architects: 116 Balcony: 184 Safety from the Architect's Viewpoint, Nagel, Chester: Architecture and The by Samuel R. Bishop: 220 A.I.A.: 276 Salt Lake City, by Lloyd Snedaker: Neal, Allan H.: Architectural Educa- 248; Clothing for: 252; All Aboard tion: 278 for: 200 Necrology: 92 Sannit, R. D.: We Can Cut Building Nela Park: see Ceiling Zero Costs: 72; Construction Needs Co­ Newport Tower, The, Newport, Rhode ordination: 127 Island: 126 Saylor, Henry H.; A New Year's Re­ New Year's Recapitulation, A, by capitulation: 3 Henry H. Saylor: 3 Schools, Architecture in the Elemen­ New York State Association Awards tary, by J. Robert Buffier: 13 Certificates of Merit: 235 Secretary, The Institute's: 13 Shay, William Dixon: Ceiling Zero: Orr's Dayton Speech, President: 99 273 Simons, Albert, F.A.I.A.: South Portico Pan American Annex in Relation to of The White House: 70 National Capital Planning, The, by Smith, Delos H.: Victor Mindeleff: 219 James R. Edmunds, Jr., F.A. I.A. and Snedaker, Lloyd: Salt Lake City: 248 Horace W. Peaslee, F.A.I.A.: 215 Speers Memorial Hospital for Children, Pan American Congress, The, by Ralph Robert M., Denver Colorado, Fisher, Walker, F.A.I.A.: 56; Summary of, Fisher C:J Hubbell, architects: 29 by Julian Clarence Levi, F.A. I.A.: Staats, Henry P.: Historic Charleston 114; paper by Leopold Arnaud: 147; Foundation: 80 paper by Ely Jacques Kahn, F.A.I.A.: Standards of Professional Practice, by 159 Paul Gerhardt, Jr.: 136 Paris Prize, winner of the 3 5th: 262 Stillman, Seymour: Comparing Wright Parker, William Stanley, F.A. I.A.: The and Le Corbusier: 171, 226 Construction Industry's Chills and St. Joseph's Church, Spire of, Seattle, Fever: 263 TYash., A. H. Albertson, Wilson C:J Pearson, Charles A., Jr.: "Help!": 139 Richardson, architects: 115

JOURNAL OF THE A. I. A.

285 St. Mary's Academy, Alexandria, Pa., Walker, Ralph, F.A.I.A.: 'fhe Part Buckler, Fenhagen, Meyer E.1 Ayers, American Congress: 56 architects: 77 Ward, Ossian P.: Where Do We Go Study, Guy, F.A.I.A.: The White from Here?: 267 House Balcony: 183 · Washington Metropolitan Chapter, Sturges, Benjamin R.: "Sunlight and A.I.A.: South Portico of The White the Hospital Patient": 277 House: 65 Sturgis, R. Clipston, F.A.I.A.: Archi­ Where Do We Go from Here?, by tectural Education: 181 Ossian P. Ward: 267 "Sunlight and the Hospital Patient'', by White House, South Portico of The: E. W. Dykes: 89; Isadore Rosen­ comment by Commission of Fine field: 139; by Benjamin R. Sturges: Arts: 64; by William Adams De­ 277 lano, F.A.I.A.: 64; by Washington Sunnyside, Washington Irving's House: Metropolitan Chapter: 65; by 30 Horace W. Peaslee, F.A. I.A.: 65; by Swann, Howard A.: The Architect and Turpin C. Bannister: 69; by Eric the Public: 243 Gugler, F.A.I.A.: 69; by Albert Swanwick Manor, New Castle, Del.: 174 Simons, F.A.I.A.: 70; by Thomas Szendy, Emil J.: The Architect and Harlan Ellett, F.A.I.A.; 70; by C. the Building Code: 7; Shorter and C. Zantzinger, F.A.I.A.: 71; by Guy Better Building Codes: 204 Study, F.A.I.A.: 183; by Charles Thiry, Paul, architect: Chapel Details Nagel, Jr.: 184. in the Residence of Bishop Gerald Cartoon by Jim Berryman: 71 Shaughnessy, Seattle, Wash.: 260 Illustrations: 67, 68, 270 Traveling Fellowships, Available: 36, Wright and Le Corbusier, Comparing, 62 by Semour Stillman: 171, 226 Turk, House of the, Vieux Carre, New Wurster, William W.: Architectural Orleans, La.: 222 Education: 34 Urban Planning Personnel: 62 Youth Will Be Served, by Arthur N. Van Brunt, Henry: 133 Gibb, F.A.I.A.: 183 Vandevelle, Tom: Help!: 40 Virginia's Governors, The Official Resi- dence of, Richmond, Va.: 7 8 Zantzinger, C. C., F.A.I.A.: South Portico of The White House: 71 Walker, Hobart A., F.A.I.A.: Musings Zion National Park, The Mountain of of an Old-Timer: 185 Mystery in: 211

}UNE, 194·8 286 BEAUTY will out!

INDIANA LIMESTONE ... you'll find it in almost every American and Canadian city, in every type of building, pointed to with pride by every citizen. That's because the appreciation and recog­ nition of its enduring beauty and matchless quali­ ties have long since spread far beyond its Indiana home ... to become truly "America's Building Stone," the favorite of all who want the best!

• Indiana Limestone is immediately available. • Its versatility is unlimited in any type of building, for all or any part. • It costs but little more today than in the 1920's. • It's even more economical, and no less desirable, when Standard or Rustic types are used above third­ fl.oor levels.

Yo11 are invited to make /11/l and jre­ q11ent use of 01tr technical co11nsel and bid-p1·oc1trement services, witho1tt ex:., pense or obligation.

INDIANA LIMESTONE INSTITUTE P.O. BOX 471 BEDFORD, IN DIANA a good building is a good design well executed

e Prime goal of SCPI's research engineers is to put in your hands mater ials that lend themselves to good design, good construction and good buildings. These men are pr oud that our industry was the first to support modular planning. They continue to work for its development and to look for other new efficiencies in building, as in the Industry Engineered Housing Program. They seek new ways to make the structural clay products you use last even longer and bear still greater loads. Similarly, SCPI is helping to select and train thousands of new apprentices to assure you that the struc.tures you plan in brick and tile will be well built. In such ways as these we hope to provide better buildings for America to live and work in ... and to continue winning friends for structural clay products.

STRUCTURAL CLAY PRODUCTS INSTITUTE 1756 K Street, N. W. Washington 6, D. C. • • • • • • • • • • • • • Wanted ... a Compass

THE world gropes for a road a duty to marshall public opinion to to peace and security. It expects help gµard and strengthen this priceless and guidance from America--a com­ heritage that built our nation. pass to show the true way. Only through the wise, courageous America has a true compass. It is effort of community leaders can we our concept of freedom for the individ­ keep America the impregnable home ual. Personal liberty has made us the of liberty and freedom, and reach a envy and hope of the peoples of the lasting world peace founded on right earth. You, as a community leader, have and justice. The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company General Offices --Youngstown l, Ohio . Export Offices-- 500 Fifth Avenue, New York MANUFACTURERS OF CARBON, ALLOY AND YOLOY STEELS

COLD FINISHED CARBON AND ALLOY BARS • SHEETS • PLATES ·• WIRE • TIE PLATES AND SPIKES - XI.EcTROLYTIC TIN PLATE • COKE TIN PLATE • PIPE AND TUBULAR PRODUCTS .- CONDUIT • BARS ·.RODS. Architects can make hospital building funds yield maximum bed capacity by taking advantage of the econ­ omy of reinforced concrete frame and floor construction. In the 212-bed East Tennessee Baptist Hospital,* shown above, reinforced concrete frame and floor construction resulted in substantial savings in 'total building cost. Such savings mean more building per dollar invested­ and consequently more beds. Concrete construction is also firesafe, lasts a lifetime and costs little.to maintain. It is low-annual-cost construction. *J. R. Edmunds, Jr., architect; Barber & McMurray, associate architects. PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION Dept. 6-68, 33 West Grand Avenue, Chicago 10, Illinois A national organization to improve and extend the uses of portland cement and concrete ••• through scientific research and engineering field work THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS BOARD OF DIRECTORS OFFICERS (Terms expirt I948) DouGLAS WILLIAM On., President 96 GrofJe St., New H afJtn, Conn. SEARLE H. VON STORCH, Vice President CLAIR W. DrTCHY, Secretary Scranton Lackawanna Trust Bldg., S W. Larned St., Detroit 26, Mich. Scranton, Pa. CHARLES F. CELLARIUS, Treasurer St. Paul Building, Cincinnati, Ohio REGIONAL DIRECTORS (Terms ex pire I948) ARTHUR WARD ARCHER, Commerce Trust Bldi., Kansas City, Mo·-----··- ·············-·············-- --···-·-··--······-····Central States District EARL T. HEITSCHMIDT, 449 South Beaudry Ave., Los Angeles, Calif.·------· ··· ·· · ······· · ······ · ···- ·· ····--- ~---· · ·-········ · · · --·Sierra-Nevada District RICHARD KocH, 908 Queen and Crescent Bldg.; New Orleans, La ...... Gulf States District foHN L. SKINNER, Ingraham Bldg. Annex, Miami 32, Fla. ____ Soutb Atlantic District (Terms expire I949) PAUL GERHARDT, JR., I2I N. Lq. Salle St., Chicago 2, Jl/..... North Central States District WILLIAM G. KAELBER, 311 Alexander St., Rochester, N. Y ...... •... - ... New York District foSEPH D. LELAND, 814 Statler Bldg., Park Sq., Boston I6, Mass ..... New England District (Terms expire I9SO) i&tLLAN H. NEAL, 324 Fourth Ave., Pittsburf,h 22, Pa.______Middle Atlantic District GEORGE CANNON YouNG, Utah Savings & Trust Bldg., Salt Laite City 1, Utah ...... ______Western Mountain District KENNETH C. BLACK, 706 Capitol Savings & Loan Bldg., Lansing 68, Mich·-----··············--····--·-···········----···------·····-···Great Lakes District STATE ASSOCIATION DIRECTOR (Term expires I950) BRANSON V. GAMBER, 5I5 Hammond Bid:., D,troit 26, Mich. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD (Terms expire 1948) DouGLAS WILLIAM ORR, Chairman WILLIAM G. KAELBBB. CLAIR W. D1TCHY, Secretary RICHARD KocH 8&AllLBS F. CELLARIUS B:1.ANSON V. GAMBER. (Alttrnat1) HEADQUARTERS 1741 New York Avenue, N. W., Washington 6, D. C. EnwARD C. KEMPER, Executifle Director HENRY H. SAYLOR, Editor of the JouRNAL and BULLETIN En MUND R. PURVES, Director of Public and Profeuional Relations WALTER A. TAYLOR, Director of Education and Research THEODORE IRVING CoE, Technical Secretary JoHN J. WHITE, JR., Field Secretary Dfficial address of The Institute as a N. Y. Corporation, 115 E. 40th St., New York, N. Y. fhe Producers' Council, affiliated with The A.I.A., 815 15th St. N. W., Waahin~ton 5, D. C.