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Understanding the Fourth Gospel from the Perspective of the Creation Theme

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Understanding the Fourth Gospel from the Perspective of the Creation Theme UNDERSTANDING THEE OUR MI GOSIEDEL THE FERSIPECTIVE 07 THE CREATION 7 HEME ERENCE CRAM VOORUMAN A Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the ale y ee of DOC OR OD' ___EIFERAT'URE ANID REILOSOTIFICY in 1133IIECACAL S UDI[i S (NEW ESTAM at t he RAND AITRIKAANS MYERS= Johannesburg, Bout it Africa Supervisor: Professor J Du Rand November, 1998 'TABLE OIF CONTENT'S PAGE CHAPTER 1 IINTROIDUCT2ON 1.1 Title 1 1.2 Problem Statement 1 1.3 Methods Used to Solve the Problem 2 1.4 Aim of the Research 3 1.5 Terminology Used 4 1.5.1 Creation 4 1.5.2 Creator 4 1.6 Chapter Overview 5 1.7 Summary 6 CHAPTER 2 ESTABLISHING A TYIPICAL C EATON FRAMEWORK 2.1 Creation: A Basic Definition 9 2.2 The Ancient Near Eastern Accounts 9 2.2.1 The Mesopotamian Cosmology 10 2.2.2 The Egyptian Cosmology 12 2.2.3 The Greek Cosmology 13 2.2.4 Cases of Alleged Borrowing 14 2.3 The Old Testament Creation Account 15 2.3.1 God the Creator 15 2.3.2 God the Maker and Sustainer 16 2.3.3 Creation Ex Nihilo 16 2.3.4 Creation by the Word 16 2.3.5 Creation with a Purpose and Plan 17 2.3.6 Creation Terminology used in Genesis 18 2.4 Judaistic and Rabbinic Views on Creation 21 2.4.1 Rabbinic Views on Creation 21 2.4.2 The Kabbalah 23 2.4.3 Philo the Jew 23 2.4.4 Intertestamental Viewpoints 24 2.5 The New Testament and Creation 24 2.5.1 New Testament Writers and the Creator 24 2.5.2 The Pauline Viewpoint of the New Creation 25 2.5.3 The Johannine Viewpoint of the New Creation 26 CHAPTER 3 THE STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE FOURTH GOSPEL 3.1 The Basic Structure 28 3.1.1 The Basic Purpose of the Gospel 28 3.1.2 The Basic Structure 29 3.1.3 The Two Major Sections of the Gospel 29 3.1.4 Major Viewpoints 30 3.2 The Content and the Dramatical Structural Unity 33 3.2.1 John's Evangelistic Purpose is Clear 33 3.2.2 John's Dramatic Style is Unmistakable 34 3.3.3 John's Audience 37 3.3.4 John the Author 38 3.3 The Prologue as the Agenda for the Whole Gospel 44 3.3.1 Each Gospel Begins with a Certain Theme 44 3.3.2 The Prologue is Like the Overture to a Majestic Symphony 47 3.3.3 The Prologue Features the Seven Characteristics of the Logos 49 3.4 The 7 Day/ 7 Sign Structure 51 CHAPTER 4 THE CREATION THIEMIE OF THE FOURTH GOSPEL 4.1 References to the creation theme in the Gospel 62 The Prologue 62 4.1.1 Jesus Christ the Creator-Agent is Introduced to the World 62 "In the beginning " (John 1:1) 4.1.2 The Creator Made All Things 63 "Through him all things were made..." (1:3) 4.1.3 The Creator is the Source of Life 65 "In Him was life...." (1:4) 4.1.4 The Creator has Come to Give Light to the World 69 "The Light shine in the darkness...." (1:5) 4.1.5 The Creator Made the World (Cosmos) 75 "The World was made through him...." (1:10) 4.1.6 The Creator is rejected by his own Creation 76 "Yet the world did not recognise Him..." (1:10) 4.1.7 The Creator gives New Life 78 "Children born of God...." (1: 13) 4.1.8 The Creator Becomes a Man and Lives amongst his own Creation 82 "The Word became flesh and dwelt amongst us...." (1:14) The Creative Acts of the Creator- Agent 84 4.2.1 The First Sign of the Creator's Power 84 " The Water into wine...." (2:9) 4.2.2 The Creator Gives Life 88 " Life from above...." (3:3) "The Son gives life to who he is pleased to give it..." (5:21) 4.2.3 The Creator and the Life-giving Spirit 94 "The Spirit gives birth to spirit..." (3:6) "The Wind blows where it pleases..." (3:8) 4.2.4 The Creator Gives Eternal Life 96 " Everyone who believes in Him may have eternal life...." "The Water I give is a well which springs up into eternal life" 4.2.5 The Creator is Master of the Sabbath 104 "Jesus did these things on the Sabbath...." (5:16) 4.2.6 Jesus Completes the Creative Work of the Father 111 "The Creative Work that the Father has given me to finish...." 4.2.7 The Creator Gives Abundant Life 115 "I am the Bread of Life that comes from Heaven...." (5:35) The Feeding of the Five Thousand (6:10) 4.2.8 The Creator Creates from Nothing 121 "The man born blind" receives sight (9:20) 4.2.9 The Creator Creates by the Spoken Word 126 "You may go, your son shall live" (4:50) 4.2.10 The Creator is Lord of Life and Death 130 "I am the Resurrection and the Life...." (10:25) 4.2.11 The Glory of the Creator 138 "I brought you glory by finishing the work you gave me to do" 4.2.12 The Creator Breathes Life upon His People 151 "He breathed on them and said: "Receive the Holy Spirit" 4.2.13 The Creator Transcend the Natural and Physical Laws 152 "The water that has been transformed into wine... "(2:9) CHAPTER 5 THE CREATION THEOLOGY OF THE FOURTH GOSPEL 5.1 The Creation Theology 154 5.1.1 The Creation Theme 155 5.1.2 The Creator, Jesus Christ, is Revealed to Mankind 155 5.1.3 The Creator in Relationship with His Creation 156 5.1.4 Who is the Creator? Jesus Christ's Self Revelation 158 5.1.5 The Creator is the Word of God 160 5.1.6 Jesus Christ: The Creator of a New Nation 167 5.1.6.1 Nathanael and the Messiah 167 5.1.6.2 A True Israelite 169 5.1.6.3 The Supernatural Knowledge of Jesus 169 5.1.6.4 Jacob's Ladder 171 5.1.6.5 Ascending and Descending on the Son of Man 173 5.1.6.6 A New Nation of Israelites 174 5.1.7 The Creator of a New Temple (His Body) 176 5.1.7.1 Jesus Christ the Cleanser of the Temple 176 5.1.7.2 The Anger of Jesus 177 5.1.7.3 The Destroyer & Rebuilder of a New Israel with a New Temple 178 5.1.7.4 The New Temple He Creates is His Body 179 5.1.8 The Creator of a New Community 180 5.1.8.1 Jesus is the True Vine 180 5.1.8.2 The Fruitful Branches 181 5.1.8.3 The New Community and the Holy Spirit 182 5.1.8.4 The New Community Meal 183 5.2 The Role of the Creator 184 5.3 The Logos Doctrine 187 5.3.1 The Logos is God 188 5.3.2 The 7 Divine Titles/ Sayings of Jesus 189 5.4 The Johannine Doctrine of Christ as Lord of the Cosmos (Koapoc) 193 5.5 The Emmanuel Theology (The Creator Amongst His Creation) 195 5.6 The Action of the Trinity in Creation (Father, Son and Spirit) 196 5.7 The Pneumatology of Creation 200 5.8 The Creation-Recreation Theme 204 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION/ RESUME 206 BIBLIOGRAPHY 207 CHAT' :N_TRICCDIEDUC 1.1 Title The title of the thesis is "Understanding the Fourth Gospel from the Perspective of the Creation 'Theme". By choosing this as a title, it becomes clear that I will be focussing on two major domains of research, namely the Gospel of John the creation theme My objective is to make a careful analysis of the creation theme in the Gospel of John. This will involve reading and understanding the text with the creation theme constantly in mind. It will be specifically focussed on the possibility of a creation theme existing in the Gospel of John. 1.2 Problem Statement I asked the following questions whilst conducting this research: Can the Fourth Gospel be read from a creation perspective? Does the creation motif of Genesis reappear in the Gospel of John? Is a hermeneutic of creation appropriate for the Gospel of John? Can the theology of John be described from a creation perspective? In this research I shall be reading the Fourth Gospel from the creation motif perspective. I shall not be spending extensive time examining the different introductory problems regarding the Gospel of John. I have taken the viewpoint of Du Rand (1991:19-123) regarding the introductory problems regarding the Fourth Gospel. 1 1.3 Methods used to Solve the Problem In this thesis, I shall be examining whether the creation hermeneutic is a valid hermeneutic for understanding the Gospel of John. In other words, is it a legitimate and a valid perspective with which to understand the Fourth Gospel. Can the Gospel be specifically understood from a creation perspective? It must be mentioned here that the creation perspective is only one perspective (point of view) with which to understand the Gospel. It is not the only perspective (point of view) that may be valid in understanding the Gospel. Furthermore it must be mentioned that very little literature is available on this specific topic ( the creation theme in the fourth Gospel).
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