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Jerusalem, Producedannuallybythejerusaleminstituteforpolicyresearch Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research The Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research (formerly the Jerusalem Institute 2016 for Israel Studies) is the leading institute in Israel for the study of Jerusalem’s JERUSALEM complex reality and unique social fabric. Established in 1978, the Institute focuses on the unique challenges facing Jerusalem in our time and provides extensive, in-depth knowledge for policy makers, academia, and the general public. FACTS AND TRENDS The work of the Institute spans all aspects of the city: physical and urban planning, social and demographic issues, economic and environmental Maya Choshen, Michal Korach, Dafna Shemer challenges, and questions arising from the geo-political status of Jerusalem. AND TRENDS JERUSALEM FACTS Its many years of multi-disciplinary work have afforded the Institute a unique perspective that allows it to expand its research and address complex challenges confronting Israeli society in a comprehensive manner. These challenges include urban, social, and strategic issues; environmental and sustainability challenges; and innovation and financing. Jerusalem: Facts and Trends provides a concise, up-to-date picture of the current state of affairs and trends of change in the city across a wide range of issues: population, employment, education, tourism, construction, and other areas. The main source of data for the publication is The Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem, produced annually by the Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. M. Choshen, M. Korach, D. Shemer M. Choshen, Korach, 461 2016 מכון ירושלים JERUSALEM למחקרי מדיניות Jerusalem Institute for Policy Reaserch INSTITUTE FOR POLICY 20 Radak st., Jerusalem 9218604 Tel +972-2-563-0175 Fax +972-2-5639814 Email [email protected] WWW.JIIS.ORG RESEARCH JERUSALEM INSTITUTE FOR POLICY RESEARCH Jerusalem: Facts and Trends 2016 The State of the City and Changing Trends Maya Choshen, Michal Korach, Dafna Shemer Jerusalem, 2016 PUBLICATION NO. 461 JERUSALEM: FACTS AND TRENDS 2016 Maya Choshen, Michal Korach, Dafna Shemer WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF Yoad Shahar, Alon Kupererd, Omer Yaniv, Yair Assaf-Shapira TRANSLATION FROM HEBREW Merav Datan COVER DESIGN AND ILLUSTRATION Ira Ginzburg © 2016, THE JERUSALEM INSTITUTE FOR POLICY RESEARCH The Hay Elyachar House 20 Radak St., 9218604 Jerusalem http://www.jiis.org.il http://www.jiis.org - Table of Contents - About the Authors ...........................................................................................................5 Preface .............................................................................................................................. 6 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 7 Area ................................................................................................................................ 10 Population ...................................................................................................................... 11 Population size ................................................................................................................11 Nature of religious identification ................................................................................... 13 Geographical distribution of the population ................................................................... 15 Population growth ...........................................................................................................17 Population age .................................................................................................................18 Metropolitan Jerusalem ...................................................................................................24 Sources of Population Growth .....................................................................................25 Births ............................................................................................................................... 25 Mortality ......................................................................................................................... 28 Natural increase .............................................................................................................. 30 Aliya (Jewish immigration) ............................................................................................ 32 Internal migration ............................................................................................................ 34 Migration in Metropolitan Jerusalem ..............................................................................38 Welfare and Standard of Living .................................................................................. 40 Extent of poverty ............................................................................................................. 40 Family status ................................................................................................................... 41 Households ...................................................................................................................... 42 Monthly expenditure on consumption ............................................................................ 44 Ownership of durable goods ........................................................................................... 45 Housing density .............................................................................................................. 46 Employment................................................................................................................... 47 Participation in the labor force ........................................................................................47 Employed persons ...........................................................................................................51 Salary and income ...........................................................................................................54 Job satisfaction across various professions .....................................................................55 Business and Industry................................................................................................... 57 Active businesses ............................................................................................................57 Business openings and closings ......................................................................................59 Business survival ............................................................................................................ 61 Industry ........................................................................................................................... 62 Education ....................................................................................................................... 64 The education system in Jerusalem .................................................................................64 Hebrew education ........................................................................................................... 65 Arab education ................................................................................................................ 66 Eligibility for matriculation ............................................................................................ 67 Higher education .............................................................................................................68 Housing and Construction ........................................................................................... 72 Apartments ...................................................................................................................... 72 Apartment prices .............................................................................................................74 Construction starts .......................................................................................................... 77 Construction completions ............................................................................................... 79 Tourism .......................................................................................................................... 82 Tourist hotels ................................................................................................................... 82 Guests and overnight stays ..............................................................................................82 West Jerusalem – East Jerusalem ....................................................................................83 Jerusalem compared to select Israeli cities ..................................................................... 85 Profile of the tourists .......................................................................................................87 Revenues ......................................................................................................................... 87 - About the Authors - Dr. Maya Choshen is a senior researcher in the Jerusalem Research Cluster of the Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. She specializes in urban planning, population and society, public services, and the connections among these fields, as well as evaluation studies. She edits the Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem, advises the research teams, and directs numerous projects in the aforementioned fields. Michal Korach is a researcher in the Jerusalem
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