9/27/2012
Guillaume de Machaut and Secular French Song
Objectives
• rise of the composer (Machaut) • formes fixes (fixed forms)—learn them! • aab
Guillaume de Machaut (1300‐1377) • preserved own works • courted lovers: W/T 20
1 9/27/2012
A letter from Guillaume de Machaut W/T 20
more from W/T 20
“Dame, mon couer” from Remède de Fortune (ca. 1342-49)
2 9/27/2012
career path for composers
• educated in the Church • college education • get a good day job – i.e., find a patron
formes fixes I
• virelai –Abba Abba Abba –text: courtly love and nature Ex. Machaut, Foy porter, NAWM 26
formes fixes II
• ballade –aabC aabC aabC –text: serious topics, philosophical, moral, serious love Ex. Machaut, Donnez, signeurs
3 9/27/2012
Ballade: Donnez signeur (verse 1) aGive my lords, give generously, keep nothing back but your honor. aIf you have more honor than wealth both great and small will be on your side; beach will say “there goes a worthy lord.” C[refrain] Furthermore, a spent estate is is far better than a lost one.
formes fixes III
• rondeau – ABaAabAB –texts: love –learn by vices!!! Ex. Machaut, Rose, liz, printemps, verdure, NAWM 27 –harmonic contrasts, melismas, cadences
Drinking rondeau, from J. Yudkin, Music in Medieval Europe, p. 497. • A Je I • B Bois Drink. • a Se If • A Je I • a Ne Don’t • b Vois See (her) • A Je I • B Bois Drink
4 9/27/2012
Solage, “The Smoking Rondeau” ASmoky fumes through smoke, Bsmoky speculation. aWhen another smokes his thoughts, Asmoky fumes through smoke. aFor smoking certainly agrees with him bas long as he gets what he wants. ASmoky fumes through smoke Bsmoky speculation.
aab in all forms!
• rondeau: ABaAabAB – take away the refrain = aab • ballade: aabC • virelei: Abba – take away the refrain: bba = aab
Ars subtilior
5 9/27/2012
Objectives
• [quiz on formes fixes on Wednesday] – ‐instructions are on web page • Ars subtilior – who appreciated it and why • Reinforce the formes fixes
Ars subtilior = “subtle arts”
• Avignon • notation • B. Cordie, Belle, bonne, sage
Phillipus de Caserta, En rimirant vo douce pourtraiture, NAWM 28 • Avignon • ballade – (aabC) • treble‐dominated • 1st/2nd ending • double leading tone cadence
6 9/27/2012
Caserta quoting Machaut
Machaut, ballade: Plourez dames, ploures voster servant (verse 1) Plourez, dames, plourez vostre servant, Qui ay toudis ay mis mon cuer et m'entente, Corps et desirs et penser en servant L'onneur de vous que Diex gart et augmente. Vestez vous de noir pour my, Car j'ay cuer teint et viaire pali, Et si me voy de mort en aventure, [refrain] Se Dieus et vous ne me prenez en cure.
Caserta quoting Machaut
Machaut, ballade: De triste cuer, verse 1
De triste cuer faire joyeusement, Il m'est avis que c'est chose contraire; Mais cils qui fait de joieus sentement, Je di qu'il doit plus joieusement faire. Et pour ce sont mi chant de rude affaire, Qu'il sont tuit fait d'un cuer plus noir que meure, Triste, dolent, qui larmes de sanc pleure.
7 9/27/2012
Johannes Ciconia (1370‐1412)
• Oltremontani • O felix templum jubila
role of the composer
• write for specific occasions • keep patrons happy – public relations
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