Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61(2): 183–208 (2004) ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs/index.asp A review of the Tertiary fossil Cetacea (Mammalia) localities in Australia ERICH M. G. FITZGERALD School of Geosciences, P.O. Box 28E, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia (
[email protected]) and Geosciences, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666E, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia (
[email protected]) Abstract Fitzgerald, E.M.G. 2004. A review of the Tertiary fossil Cetacea (Mammalia) localities in Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61(2): 183–208. The stratigraphy, age, lithology, and vertebrate fauna of all 56 pre-Pleistocene fossil Cetacea-bearing localities in Australia are reviewed. The majority of these localities occur in the state of Victoria, and are Miocene in age. The most complete cetacean fossils have been recovered from coastal exposures of the Upper Oligocene Jan Juc Formation, south- west of Torquay in the Torquay Basin (Victoria). The inadequately known fossil record of cetaceans in Australia is due to a lack of research, and not a lack of potentially fossiliferous rock outcrop. Keywords Cetacea, Archaeoceti, Mysticeti, Odontoceti, Australia, localities, fossil record, Tertiary, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene Introduction The Australian fossil record of cetaceans is so poorly known because little systematic prospecting has been carried out. All Australia has an incompletely known fossil record of cetaceans significant fossil cetaceans have been discovered by accident, (whales, dolphins, and porpoises; Order Cetacea). The oldest often by amateur palaeontologists or members of the public. fossil cetaceans from Australia are Early Oligocene, with the Initial steps to advance research are: 1, to identify where fossil fossil record being best known from the Late Miocene–Early cetaceans have previously been discovered in Australia; 2, Pliocene (Fig.1 for correlation of cetacean-bearing strati- determine the faunal compositions of these localities based on graphic units).