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Burmese Influenced Architecture in Lampang Municipal District Area

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Burmese Influenced Architecture in Lampang Municipal District Area BURMESE INFLUENCED ARCHITECTURE IN LAMPANG MUNICIPAL DISTRICT AREA FROM MID 19TH –MID 20TH CENTURY: A PILOT STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHITECTURE, COMMUNITY AND LANDSCAPE By Kiriya Chayakul An Independent Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS Program of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY 2009 BURMESE INFLUENCED ARCHITECTURE IN LAMPANG MUNICIPAL DISTRICT AREA FROM MID 19TH –MID 20TH CENTURY: A PILOT STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHITECTURE, COMMUNITY AND LANDSCAPE By Kiriya Chayakul An Independent Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS Program of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY 2009 The Graduate School, Silpakorn University has approved and accredited the independent study title of “ Burmese Influenced Architecture in Lampang Municipal District Area from Mid 19th – Mid 20th Century : A Pilot Study of Relationship Between Architecture, Community and Landscape ” submitted by Ms.Kiriya Chayakul as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism ……........................................................................ (Associate Professor Sirichai Chinatangkul,Ph.D.) Dean of Graduate School ........../..................../.......... The Independent Study Advisor Assistant Professor Chotima Chaturawong, Ph.D. The Independent Study Examination Committee .................................................... Chairman (Assistant Professor Sunon Palakavong Na Ayudhya) ............/......................../.............. .................................................... Member (Assistant Professor Den Wasiksiri) ............/......................../.............. .................................................... Member (Assistant Professor Chotima Chaturawong, Ph.D.) ............/......................../.............. 50056301 : MAJOR : ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM KEY WORD : ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT, BURMESE ARCHITECTURE KIRIYA CHAYAKUL : BURMESE INFLUENCED ARCHITECTURE IN LAMPANG MUNICIPAL DISTRICT AREA FROM MID 19TH – MID 20TH CENTURY: A PILOT STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHITECTURE, COMMUNITY AND LANDSCAPE. INDEPENDENT STUDY ADVISOR: ASST. PROF. CHOTIMA CHATURAWONG, Ph.D, 213 pp. The Burmese influenced architecture in Lampang municipal district area was built around mid 19th – mid 20th century, which is a time of economic prosperity of northern Thailand due to fertile teak forest and the coming of British teak trading companies and Burmese people. The study places consist of ten temples, one vernacular house and one commercial building. Today, they can be regarded as part of Lampang Province’s identity and as tourist destinations. Some of them have been registered by the Fine Arts Department as national monuments. However, the conservation has been done separately and concerns only with physical fabric. The conservation of each place has been done by both government and non – government organizations. Fine Arts Department is a major governmental stakeholder who accountable for the construction and decoration of the building. The conservation criteria of Fine Arts Department follow principle of Venice Charter while the patrons of temples stick to usefulness and ideology of the place as major principle. There is no right or wrong for these actions but it is necessary to listen to the people who use and live in the Burmese architecture as well. The purpose of this research project is to study and analyze heritage value of Burmese influenced architecture in Lampang municipal district area. The condition of the building will be analyzed equally with study of relationship between places, landscape and community in order to find most appropriate recommendation. Programme of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2009 Student's signature ........................................ Independent Study Advisor's signature ........................................ c Acknowledgements I would like to thank my family in Lampang Province who always cheer me up and give me hands to access invaluable information since my disability in local language. They help making my hard job become easy. My sincere appreciation also goes to Asst. Prof. Dr. Chotima Chaturawong of Silpakorn University for her great advice and insights during my research. My gratitude also goes to all the faculty of the program for their advice on various aspects about architectural heritage management. They give me new perspective which becomes good foundation for my research and career. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Amara Srisuchat, current director of National Museum Bangkok who always encourages her subordinate in both working and education, Mr. Tharapong Srisuchat, Director of Office of Archaeology, Fine Arts Department and ICOMOS Thailand Secretary General, who give me advice in access governmental information, Mr. Patiphat Pumpongphat, Director of The 7th regional office of Fine Arts Department, Nan Province and every personnel in that office who spent almost half a day openhandedly find advantage information about conservation of registered temples in Lampang Province. I also thank Mrs. Ream Pumpongphat who gives me basic information of Burmese pagoda. My thank and gratitude goes to the great teacher and local expert of Lampang Province, Mr. Sak (Saksern) Ratanachai, who tirelessly gave me a lot of historical and cultural knowledge of Lanna region and Lampang Province. I would like you to have a good health. Many thanks also to Ms. Kulthida Sueblar and her kind father for their hospitality and useful information about story of Kad Kong Ta. I thank Mrs. Samruay Suwanna – Ath and the abbots of every temple for the story behind architectures. My sincere also goes to Mr. Anan Kittiwarakul for providing me invaluable historical pictures. Much thanks go to Mr. Nanthawuth Sitthiwang for cheering me up, waiting tolerantly for me and driving me to the amazing temples. d Table of Contents Page Abstract ................................................................................................................... c Acknowledgments................................................................................................... d List of Figures ........................................................................................................ k Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Statement and significance of the problem .......................................... 1 Goals and objectives ............................................................................ 2 Scope of the study (Study boundaries) ................................................ 2 Research methodology ......................................................................... 2 Research instrument ............................................................................. 3 Process of study ................................................................................... 3 The key concept and assumptions ....................................................... 4 Definitions ........................................................................................... 4 2 Site Description ........................................................................................... 7 Location of the studied area ................................................................. 7 Lampang Municipal District (Amphoe Mueang Lampang) ......... 9 Why municipal district ................................................................. 10 Significant characteristic and feature ................................................... 11 Topographical and landscape characteristic ................................. 11 Settlement ..................................................................................... 14 Cultural traditions ......................................................................... 15 Historical overview of the landscape ................................................... 17 Background of Lampang Province ............................................... 17 The coming of Burmese merchants .............................................. 23 Teak traders and religious worship ............................................... 26 Changing of landscape: from ancient town to urban .................... 27 Religious system, Hinduism and Buddhism ......................... 27 Cultural transferring .............................................................. 28 Teak trading and British companies ...................................... 29 f Chapter Page The coming of road system and development plan from central government ............................................... 29 The coming of the first northern railway and station in 1915 ....................................................................... 30 The coming of state highways ............................................... 31 Themes of places as a whole landscape ............................................... 32 3 Architectural characteristic and features ...................................................... 34 Introduction of Burmese architecture .................................................. 34 Residential building .....................................................................
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