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Digital Culture and Documentary Media After 9/11
3 Networked Audiences MoveOn.org and Brave New Films Revolution doesn’t happen when society adopts new technology, it happens when society adopts new behaviors. —Clay Shirky, “Here Comes Everybody” On December 4, 2016, a man carrying an AR-15 stormed into Comet Ping Pong, a pizzeria in Washington, D.C., and demanded to see evidence of the child sex- trafficking operation that he believed was headquartered in the basement. Over the preceding months, stories had been circulating on InfoWars and various other right-wing news websites about the alleged conspiracy and its connections deep within the Democratic Party. Several mainstream news organizations including the New York Times and the BBC had covered and debunked the story, but promi- nent Republicans in the Trump transition team continued to fuel speculation on Twitter, and the man had the impression that “something nefarious was happen- ing.”1 Though no one was injured, “Pizzagate” set off an immediate series of alarm bells about the power of fake news to mislead people, and the role of social media in accelerating its spread. Alongside the growing awareness that similar “news” sources might have helped Trump win the election (a topic addressed more fully in chapter 6), the incident seemed symptomatic of a much wider ailment within the media and the public. But long before the 2016 election, before Hillary Clinton was a candidate for office or Facebook a website, independent sources on the left were decrying what they described as right-wing media manipulation. The culprit was the cable network Fox News, and its accusers were MoveOn.org and Brave New Films, a pair of progressive grassroots media organizations working to con- nect and galvanize members of the left. -
The Internet and Engaged Citizenship
The Internet and Engaged Citizenship David Karpf american academy of arts & sciences The Internet and Engaged Citizenship David Karpf © 2019 by the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. All rights reserved. ISBN: 0-87724-128-7 This publication is available online at www.amacad.org /project/practice-democratic -citizenship. Suggested citation: David Karpf, The Internet and Engaged Citizenship (Cambridge, Mass.: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2019). This paper is part of the American Academy’s Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship. The statements made and views expressed in this publication are those held by the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Officers and Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Please direct inquiries to: American Academy of Arts & Sciences 136 Irving Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Telephone: 617-576-5000 Fax: 617-576-5050 Email: [email protected] Web: www.amacad.org Contents 1 Introduction 2 Why Understanding the Digital Citizen Proves So Difficult 3 The Pace of Internet Time 7 The Proprietary Data Gap 10 The Internet and Engaged Citizenship, Circa 2019 10 The Internet and Political Polarization 14 Digital Pathways for Participation 17 The Earnest Internet Versus the Ambivalent Internet 20 The Quiet Demise of Web 2.0 23 Digital Democracy and the Field of Dreams Fallacy 26 Conclusion 26 The Upside of Internet Time 27 Bridging the Proprietary Data Gap 28 New Policy Challenges for the Platform Era 29 About the Author Introduction The Internet is everywhere. Years ago, it was limited to desktop comput- ers, synonymous with the static and whir of a connecting modem. -
TOWARD a MORE DEMOCRACY-FRIENDLY INTERNET AI on Social Media Is Part of the Problem
TOWARD A MORE DEMOCRACY-FRIENDLY INTERNET AI on Social Media Is Part of the Problem. Can It Be Part of the Solution? QUIXADA MOORE-VISSING, JIM EUCHNER AND WILL FRIEDMAN A Sounder Public Judgment Working Paper MARCH 2020 Toward a More Democracy-Friendly Internet: AI on Social Media Is Part of the Problem. Can It Be Part of the Solution? CONTENTS 03 INTRODUCTION 06 THE PUBLIC JUDGMENT FRAMEWORK Social Media’s Challenges to Public Judgment Formation 08 THE NEED FOR GENERATIVE AS WELL AS PREVENTIVE MEASURES 09 FOUR PATHWAYS TOWARD SOCIAL MEDIA THAT ENHANCE PUBLIC JUDGMENT Pathway 1: An Ethical Design Movement - The Potential and Complexities of Ethical Design Pathway 2: Regulation and Incentives Pathway 3: Consumer Education and Power Pathway 4: Research and Innovation in Support of Public Judgment - Complications of Doing Research in the Social Media Space - Promising Innovations - Exploring New Digital Platforms - Change a View - Front Porch Forum - Project Debater - Adding Civic Tools to Existing Platforms - Efforts to Educate Consumers and Give Them Control and Choice - Using Sentiment Analysis to Identify Themes and Work Through Ideas 25 CONCLUSION 27 APPENDIX 2 Toward a More Democracy-Friendly Internet: AI on Social Media Is Part of the Problem. Can It Be Part of the Solution? INTRODUCTION Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter were once hailed as a transformative means to connect people, create community, amplify diverse voices, and mobilize civic engagement. More recently, they have been implicated in spreading misinformation, amplifying hate speech, reinforcing bias, and creating echo chambers and “filter bubbles1,” all of which are highly problematic for democracy. -
The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You by Eli Pariser
UCLA InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies Title Review: The Filter Bubble: What the Internet is Hiding from You by Eli Pariser Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8w7105jp Journal InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 8(2) ISSN 1548-3320 Author Samuels, Mark Gregory Publication Date 2012 DOI 10.5070/D482011835 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Filter Bubble: What the Internet is Hiding from You by Eli Pariser. New York: Penguin Press, 2011. 294 pp. ISBN: 978-0-670-92038-9 “We’re not evil. We try really hard not to be evil. But if we wanted to, man, could we ever.” - An unnamed Google engineer, interviewed in The Filter Bubble. In 1991, Mark Weiser wrote, “the most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it… The constant background presence of these products…does not require active attention…It [becomes] difficult to imagine modern life otherwise” (p. 94). Weiser, a Xerox PARC researcher, would witness the personal computing revolution from an epicenter of technological innovation. Though Weiser’s article did not necessarily anticipate the impact of search engines, “Computing in the 21st Century,” would prove prescient. More than twenty years after Weiser’s publication, Eli Pariser’s The Filter Bubble examines the unintended consequences of web personalization: technologies which, while not disappearing into society’s fabric, are growing ubiquitous, and therefore less visible in our critical evaluation of information. Pariser’s svelte, readable book is less a polemic and more a work of consumer advocacy. -
Slides and Notes
1 I’m glad you came back for this last session. We have a problem, folks. Our field is under attack. And we need to respond, by doing better research and by engaging in the public debate. 2 March of this year, Eli Pariser gave a TED talk, as a way to start publicizing his book, The Filter Bubble. I understand some reference was made to this yesterday morning at the conference. Quick Poll: how many of you have seen the TED talk, or read the book, or otherwise become familiar with Pariser’s argument? Bubble is a metaphor; Pariser argues that personalized filters put us inside bubbles that we can’t see out of. But he doesn’t strictly stick to the metaphor. The word bubble actually stands in for a variety of concerns. Individuals: We won’t see what we really want: no serendipity, no exploration of new stuff. We won’t see what we need: things that are in our long-term interest, things that challenge us and change our minds. As a society: We won’t have common reference points, because we all see different stuff We will fragment into polarized enclaves 3 4 5 6 7 While the concerns mostly aren’t new, there’s a new public resonance for them. 8 The reviews say things like, “not the Internet I know” and “he’s an authoritarian trying to interfere with free speech.” 9 It has 479K views. For comparison, Sergey Brin and Larry Page’s talk from 2007 has 219K views, and only 29 comments. -
Elgan: How to Pop Your Internet 'Filter Bubble' Personalization Algorithms Are Stereotyping You, Then Hiding Information from You Based on That Stereotype
Opinion Elgan: How to pop your Internet 'filter bubble' Personalization algorithms are stereotyping you, then hiding information from you based on that stereotype. Wait -- what? Computerworld - Think you're on the Internet right now? Well, you're not. You're on your Internet. The exact version of the online world that you see is available only to you. Most of the major conduits through which you see the world online, including Google Search and Facebook, are gathering all kinds of data about you, then presenting you with a custom version of the world they think you're interested in. They're hiding or de-emphasizing the version of the world they assume you're not interested in. In the past two years, the biggest gatekeeper websites have gotten very good at figuring out what you want and giving it to you. What's wrong with that? There are downsides, according to a new book called The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding From You. In a nutshell, the book argues that the sophisticated personalization engines improve things in the short run. But in the long run, they dumb us down, reduce our exposure to new ideas and ultimately could lead to a society without a shared set of facts about the world. The personalized Internet favors the marketers and propagandists but provides an obstacle for people who are trying to introduce new ideas. The Internet is increasingly turning us all into dictators and divas. Like the entourages of Saddam Hussein or Jennifer Lopez, the Internet tells us what we want to hear, feeding us a version of the world that feels good, goes down easy and doesn't challenge us. -
Understanding Echo Chambers and Filter Bubbles: the Impact of Social Media on Diversification and Partisan Shifts in News Consumption1
RESEARCH ARTICLE UNDERSTANDING ECHO CHAMBERS AND FILTER BUBBLES: THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON DIVERSIFICATION AND PARTISAN SHIFTS IN NEWS CONSUMPTION1 Brent Kitchens, Steven L. Johnson, and Peter Gray University of Virginia McIntire School of Commerce, P.O. Box 400173, Charlottesville, VA 22904 U.S.A. {[email protected]} {[email protected]} {[email protected]} Echo chambers and filter bubbles are potent metaphors that encapsulate widespread public fear that the use of social media may limit the information that users encounter or consume online. Specifically, the concern is that social media algorithms combined with tendencies to interact with like-minded others both limits users’ exposure to diverse viewpoints and encourages the adoption of more extreme ideological positions. Yet empi- rical evidence about how social media shapes information consumption is inconclusive. We articulate how characteristics of platform algorithms and users’ online social networks may combine to shape user behavior. We bring greater conceptual clarity to this phenomenon by expanding beyond discussion of a binary presence or absence of echo chambers and filter bubbles to a richer set of outcomes incorporating changes in both diversity and slant of users’ information sources. Using a data set with over four years of web browsing history for a representative panel of nearly 200,000 U.S. adults, we analyzed how individuals’ social media usage was associated with changes in the information sources they chose to consume. We find differentiated impacts on news consumption by platform. Increased use of Facebook was associated with increased informa- tion source diversity and a shift toward more partisan sites in news consumption; increased use of Reddit with increased diversity and a shift toward more moderate sites; and increased use of Twitter with little to no change in either. -
The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You by Eli Pariser, London: Viking, 2011
Reviews The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You by Eli Pariser, London: Viking, 2011. 294 pp., £12.99 (paperback), ISBN-978-0-670-92038-9 rguing that personalization of the web ‘poses a threat A to public life itself’ (p. 154), Eli Pariser— board pres- ident of MoveOn.org and the chief executive of Upworthy, a website for ‘viral meaningful content’—attempts to demonstrate how the Internet places u nseen and insidious limits on our minds, public culture and political discourse. In his recently re-released book The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You, Pariser presents a well- written and cogently argued case against the widely-used filtering technologies of Internet heavyweights such as Google, Facebook, Twitter and Pandora. A quick read despite its relative length, The Filter Bubble is divided into eight chapters. The first, ‘The Race for Relevance’, details the economic and corporatist pa- rameters for developing and deploying personalization tools for Internet users. Chapter 2, ‘The User Is the Con- tent’, explores the vagaries of disintermediation, i.e., the elimination of middlemen (p. 59), and user-driven content in a world where information is almost always free (or at least you do not pay for it with money). The next chapter, provoca- tively-titled ‘The Adderall Society’, explores the factors behind our current need for speed when it comes to locating and processing information, and the unavoidable and sometimes debilitating price we pay for data streamlining. Chapter 4, ‘The You Loop’, examines the self-fulfilling information landscapes we create through our highly monitored, cataloged and categorized actions in cyberspace and offers insight into the future of Internet searches. -
Selective Exposure, Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers on Facebook
Selective Exposure, Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers on Facebook By Dalibor Bobok Submitted to Central European University Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisors: Associate Professor Levente Littvay, Visiting Professor Oana Lup CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2016 Abstract Social Media are becoming an important venue of daily news consumption. However, they may also become a venue of selective exposure. Various factors such as information overload, congeniality bias, homophily, or filtering algorithms may nurture tendency of people to expose themselves to congenial information on Social Media. The Social Network Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling are used to analyze the audience overlap of media outlets on Facebook and address the possible existence of selective exposure on social media. Moreover, the analysis is done in the context of multi- party systems to investigate the structure of selective exposure and possible differences in exposure stemming from the subtleties of political and media system. The research analysis the 64 largest Facebook media outlets in Slovakia and Hungary. Results find evidence for selective exposure on social media, strengthened for readers with a preference for extreme conspiracy or extreme right-wing media. Contrary to the expectation, selective exposure does not follow an ideological division but seems to depend on the nuances of the political system, possibly bringing liberal and conservative readers together. The comparison of Slovakia and Hungary provide no evidence of higher audience fragmentation in more polarized Hungary. This thesis concludes with the discussion of limitations and the possible future research. CEU eTD Collection i Acknowledgments I would like to express the deepest gratitude to my supervisors Oana Lup and Levente Littvay. -
Here That Spirit Exists
HARVARD JOURNAL of LAW & PUBLIC POLICY VOLUME 43, NUMBER 2 SPRING 2020 THE SECOND AMENDMENT IN THE NEW SUPREME COURT THE FEDERALIST SOCIETY—2019 THE SECOND AMENDMENT AND THE SPIRIT OF THE PEOPLE Renée Lettow Lerner ................................................................ 319 THE RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS: FOR ME, BUT NOT FOR THEE? Stephen P. Halbrook ................................................................ 331 THE SURPRISINGLY STRONG ORIGINALIST CASE FOR PUBLIC CARRY LAWS Jonathan E. Taylor ................................................................... 347 “ASSAULT WEAPON” BANS: UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAWS FOR A MADE-UP CATEGORY OF FIREARMS Mark W. Smith ........................................................................ 357 COMMENTS ON ASSAULT WEAPONS, THE RIGHT TO ARMS, AND THE RIGHT TO LIVE Jonathan E. Lowy ..................................................................... 375 ARTICLES ON THE BASIS OF IDENTITY: REDEFINING “SEX” IN CIVIL RIGHTS LAW AND FAULTY ACCOUNTS OF “DISCRIMINATION” Ryan T. Anderson ................................................................... 387 PROPERTY, PRIVACY, AND JUSTICE GORSUCH’S EXPANSIVE FOURTH AMENDMENT ORIGINALISM Nicholas A. Kahn-Fogel ........................................................... 425 DO PLATFORMS KILL? Michal Lavi .............................................................................. 477 NOTE THE SENATE VS. THE LAW: CHALLENGING QUALIFICATION STATUTES THROUGH SENATE CONFIRMATION Eli Nachmany ......................................................................... -
Community-Based Recommendations on Twitter: Avoiding the Filter Bubble Quentin Grossetti, Cédric Du Mouza, Nicolas Travers
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication Community-based Recommendations on Twitter: Avoiding The Filter Bubble Quentin Grossetti, Cédric Du Mouza, Nicolas Travers To cite this version: Quentin Grossetti, Cédric Du Mouza, Nicolas Travers. Community-based Recommendations on Twit- ter: Avoiding The Filter Bubble. Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2019, Nov 2019, Hong-Kong, China. 10.1007/978-3-030-34223-4_14. hal-02465790 HAL Id: hal-02465790 https://hal-cnam.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02465790 Submitted on 4 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Community-based Recommendations on Twitter: Avoiding The Filter Bubble Quentin Grossetti1, C´edricdu Mouza1, and Nicolas Travers1;2 1 CEDRIC Lab, CNAM Paris, France [email protected] 2 L´eonardde Vinci P^oleUniversitaire, Research Center, Paris La D´efense,France [email protected] Abstract. Due to their success, social network platforms are consid- ered today as a major communication mean. In order to increase user engagement, they rely on recommender systems to personalize individual experience by filtering messages according to user interest and/or neigh- borhood. -
Filter Bubble
www.ijecs.in International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science ISSN: 2319-7242 Volume 5 Issue 10 Oct. 2016, Page No. 18321-18325 Filter Bubble: How to burst your filter bubble Sneha Prakash Asst.Professor Department of computer science, DePaul Institute of science and Technology, Angamaly, Ernakulum, Kerala, 683573, [email protected] Abstract: The number of peoples who rely on internet for information seeking is doubling in every seconds.as the information produced by the internet is huge it have been a problem to provide the users relevant information.so the developers developed algorithms for identifying users nature from their clickstream data and there by identifying what type of information they like to receive as an answer for their search. Later they named this process as Web Personalization. As a result of web personalization the users are looped Eli pariser an Internet Activist named this loop as “Filter Bubble”. This preliminary work explores filter bubble, its pros and cons and techniques to burst filter bubble. Keywords: Filter Bubble, Web Personalization, cookies, clickstream personalization on Web is the recommender systems [6] .the 1. Introduction recommender system analyze the users usage patterns using techniques association rules, clustering. These recommender systems actually puts the user in a self-loop so that he can only Searching web has become an integral part of our life. Now a see information’s he likes or of the same view. This self-loops days the web we use are personalized, This is done by are called as FILTER BUBBLES.so we can say that Filter suggesting the user some links, sites ,text ,products or Bubble is a Result of Personalization.