Preliminary Mineral Resource Assessment of Selected Industrial and Collector Minerals of the Prescott National Forest, Arizona
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
USGS science fora changing world Preliminary mineral resource assessment of selected industrial and collector minerals of the Prescott National Forest, Arizona By James D. Bliss1 Open-File Report 99-305 1999 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY !U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona CONTENTS Non-technical Summary_________________________________1 Preface___________________________________________2 Introduction_______________________________________4 Graphics and statistics_________________________________ 6 Part I: Industrial Minerals ______________________________8 Aggregate _____________________________________________8 Introduction__________________________________________________ 8 Geotechnical considerations _________________________________________ 8 Surficial alluvial and crushed rock ______________________________________ 10 Introduction _________________________________________________ 10 Verde Valley study ____________________________________________ 10 Geotechnical quality___________________________________________ 11 Introduction______________________________________________ 11 PI____________________________________________________11 Los Angeles Durability Test_____________________________________ 12 Volume change ____________________________________________ 13 Grain-size analysis ___________________________________________ 14 Conclusion ______________________________________________ 18 Source Rock geology ____________________________________________ 18 Introduction _______________________________________________ 18 Cenozoic volcanic rocks ________________________________________ 18 Paleozoic Rocks_____________________________________________ 19 Proterozoic rocks _____________________________________________ 20 Iron oxides as an industrial mineral ______________________________22 Introduction_________________________________________________ 22 Sources of iron oxide in the PNF______________________________________ 22 Comparable sources of iron oxide in northern Arizona __________________________ 24 Permissible geology _____________________________________________ 24 Cat-litter _____________________________________________25 Introduction_________________________________________________ 25 Background _________________________________________________ 25 Material properties _____________________________________________ 25 Mineral cat-litter materials _________________________________________ 26 Possible sources of cat-litter in the PNF area _______________________________ 27 Volcanic tuff _______________________________________________ 27 Clays ___________________________________________________ 28 Gypsum ___________________________________________________ 29 Zeolites _________________________________________________ 29 Marketing issues_______________________________________________ 30 Landscaping Materials _____________________________________3 3 Part II: Selected Geologic Setting of Industrial Minerals__________34 Industrial minerals from marine and lacustrine deposits___________________34 Carbonate rocks _________________________________________3 4 Gypsum ______________________________________________35 Introduction_________________________________________________ 35 Background _________________________________________________ 35 Geology ___________________________________________________ 35 Models ____________________________________________________ 36 Deposits and tracts _____________________________________________ 36 Resource estimate status____________________________________________ 37 Lacustrine halite, sodium sulfate, and brines _________________________38 Background _________________________________________________ 38 Geology ___________________________________________________ 38 Models ____________________________________________________ 38 Deposits and tracts _____________________________________________ 38 Diatomite_____________________________________________39 Part III: Collectable Minerals___________________________40 Introduction____________________________________________40 Who collects minerals and why? ________________________________40 What are the factors effecting mineral value? _________________________41 How are minerals marketed? __________________________________41 What are the types of minerals of interest to collectors? ___________________42 What are the prices collectors pay for minerals? ______________________43 Introduction_________________________________________________ 43 Gold-bearing specimens ___________________________________________ 44 Bulk Mineral types_____________________________________________ 45 Mineral specimen types ___________________________________________ 47 Mineral specimens classified by mineralogy _______________________________ 49 Bulk minerals and collectors specimens by mineralogy__________________________ 51 What minerals are present in the PNF? __________________________________ 53 Introduction _______________________________________________ 53 Rare new minerals of the United Verde Mine fire ___________________________ 53 Calcite __________________________________________________ 54 Jaspilite and tactonite___________________________________________ 54 Other lapidary materials_________________________________________ 56 Where are possible sources of mineral specimens? ____________________________ 56 References Cited ___________________________________ 6 4 FIGURES 1. Approximate boundary of the Prescott National Forest (PNF) and of the three Ranger Districts (RD) 5 2. Data presentation using histrogram and boxplot 7 3. Boxplots of PI from observations in Quaternary and Tertiary mixed gravels, sands, silts and clay, and in Holocene alluvium 12 4. Boxplots of results of Los Angeles durability test, in percent loss, from observations in Quaternary and Tertiary mixed gravels, sands, silts and clay, and in Holocene alluvium 13 5. Boxplots of aggregate volume changes from observations in Quaternary and Tertiary mixed gravels, sands, silts and clay, and in Holocene alluvium 14 6. Boxplots of results of sieve analysis of grains less than 3 inch but greater than 3/4 inch observations in Quaternary and Tertiary mixed gravels, sands, silts and clay, and Holocene alluvium 15 7. Boxplots of sieve analysis of grains passing the 3/4 inch mesh sieve from observations in Quaternary and Tertiary mixed gravels, sands, silts and clay, and in Holocene alluvium 15 111 8. Boxplots of results of sieve analysis of grains passing the no. 4 mesh sieve from observations in Quaternary and Tertiary mixed gravels, sands, silts and clay, and in Holocene alluvium 16 9. Boxplots of sieve analysis of grains passing the no. 10 sieve mesh from observations in Quaternary and Tertiary mixed gravels, sands, silts and clay, and in Holocene alluvium 16 10. Boxplots of sieve analysis of grains passing the no. 40 sieve mesh from observations in Quaternary and Tertiary mixed gravels, sands, silts and clay, and in Holocene alluvium 17 11. Boxplots of grains passing the no. 200 mesh sieve from observations in Quaternary and Tertiary mixed gravels, sands, silts and clay, and Holocene alluvium. Note values are scale in logarithm base 17 12. Histogram and fitted normal curve of Fe grades for 11 samples of the Seligman (Cowden) hematite deposit 23 13. Comparison of retail values of cat litter prices ( $/t) in Socorro, New Mexico in 1994 to those in Tucson, Arizona in 1998 30 14. Histogram of 31 cat litter prices for sale in Tucson in 1998 31 15. Bivariate scatterplot of cat litter package weights (Ibs) and prices ($/t) in Tucson, Arizona in 1998 32 16. Histogram of package weights of 31 cat litters for sale in Tucson in 1998 32 17. Boxplots of mineral prices ($/g) sold by bulk (unit weight) and sold as individual specimens 44 18 Bivariate scatter plot of mineral value ($/g) and mineral sample size (g) 49 19. Boxplots of prices ($/g) grouped by types of mineral specimens 50 20. Boxplots of mineral type prices ($/g) sold by bulk and sold as individual mineral specimens 52 19 Boxplots of prices ($/g) grouped by types of mineral specimens 49 TABLES 1. List of abbreviations used 2 2. Minerals of possible interest to casual mineral collectors and found in or adjacent to the PNF 42 3. Types and some common characteristics (in parentheses) of minerals sold in bulk 45 4. Examples of minerals and descriptions of mineral specimens 47 5. Partial list of minerals found in, or adjacent to, areas of the PNF as identified in the compilation by Anthony and others (1995) unless noted otherwise 57 IV Non-technical Summary Industrial minerals are now the most important group of commodities produced in the Prescott National Forest area. Metals were historically important in the area including a major mine at Jerome (just west of Cottonwood and Clarkdale) and a scattering of mines in the Verde Ranger District (RD) and the southern half of the Bradshaw RD (fig. 1). The three most important industrial minerals found in or adjacent to the Prescott National Forest include: Carbonate rocks used for fabrication of cement is a major product in the area. Production is underway to supply raw material to a cement plant near Clarkdale (fig. 1) which is one of the two cement plants in Arizona. Sandstone used for flagstone is a major