AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE from PERI-MEDITERRANEAN TETHYAN SEDIMENTS (CALABRIA, SOUTHERN ITALY) Nino Mariotti

Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19

AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE FROM PERI-MEDITERRANEAN TETHYAN SEDIMENTS (CALABRIA, SOUTHERN ITALY)

Nino Mariotti°, Massimo Santantonio° & Robert Weis°°

° Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra - Università “La Sapienza” - Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Rome, Italy [email protected]; [email protected] °° Robert Weis - Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg - Section Paléontologie 25, rue Münster - L-2160 Luxembourg - [email protected]

ABSTRACT - A belemnite fauna was collected in southern Italy from hemipelagic marls (Sant’Onofrio formation) of Aalenian-Early Bajocian age. This is part of the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Caloveto Group succession, cropping out near the village of Caloveto (Calabria, Sila Mts., southern Italy). The cephalopod assemblage was analyzed for systematics and biostratigraphy, and for highlighting its palaeobiogeographic significance. Age assignments were constrained through cross-check with ammonite assemblages (Tmetoceras scissum, Ancolioceras opalinoides, Erycites fallifax, Erycites intermedius, Docidoceras sp.) found in the belemnite-bearing levels. The belemnite fauna is mainly composed of taxa ascribed to the genus Holcobelus (Early Aalenian-Middle Bajocian). This genus is characterized by an apical groove extending from the apex almost reaching the alveolar region. Although the species Holcobelus trauthi, Holcobelus subblainvillei, Holcobelus munieri, Holcobelus tetramerus and Holcobelus tschegemensis are present, the majority of the specimens cannot be identified as belonging to Holcobelus since their feature set also includes a very short apical region, a long and wide ventral groove, and a post alveolar compression. These characters are found separately in belemnites belonging to different families (Megateuthididae and Pachybelemnopseidae). For this reason we maintain an open nomenclature (Belemnitida incertae sedis) for these specimens, for which more systematic work is needed. Besides Holcobelus and allied forms, the following taxa were also identified: Megateuthis sp., Brevibelus breviformis, Pachy- belemnopsis baculiformis, Hibolithes wuerttembergicus and Hibolithes sp. This fauna has close affinities to faunas from Romania, Bulgaria, France, southern Germany, Luxembourg, England and Caucasus.

KEY WORDS: Belemnites, biostratigraphy, Calabria, Aalenian-Early Bajocian.

INTRODUCTION PREVIOUS WORK

The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail a The European and Mediterranean Aalenian-Bajocian peculiar belemnite fauna, composed of taxa ascribed to belemnites are poorly studied either for the lack of out- Holcobelus Stolley, 1927, Megateuthis Bayle, 1878, crops or for the limited number of specimens. The only Brevibelus Doyle, 1992, Pachybelemnopsis Riegraf, 1980, Hibolithes Denis de Montfort, 1808 and Belemnitida incertae sedis. The belemnites were collected from Aalenian-Early Bajocian red marls of the Sant’Onofrio formation (Caloveto Group) outcropping between the 8,2 and 8,4 km of the road from Caloveto to Bocchiglierio villages (Calabria, southern Italy), in a locality named Cozzo di Mastro Pasquale (Fig. 1). The systematic-taxonomic study has allowed some consider- ations about belemnite biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography. A fauna was first described from this outcrop in a preliminary study by Combémorel et al. (1994a). Continued sampling over the last fifteen years produced the collection described in this paper, representing a faunal assemblage that is unique in Italy, but is well known from coeval beds in Romania, Bulgaria, France and southern Germany as well as the Caucasus.

Fig. 1 - Location map of the examined outcrop (*). 2 Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 MARIOTTI et al. authors who report some of the taxa analyzed here are (1994a) report an isolated belemnite assemblage of Schwegler (1938, 1965, 1971) and Riegraf (1980, 1981), Aalenian-Early Bajocian age from Caloveto - the locali- who discuss the stratigraphic and geographic distribu- ty which is the object of the present study - with tion of the Jurassic belemnite genera Megateuthis, Holcobelus, Brevibelus, Pachybelemnopsis, Hibolithes Mesoteuthis, Eocylindroteuthis, Homaloteuthis, Holco- and Megateuthis. belus, Brevibelus, Pachybelemnopsis and Hibolithes. Schlegelmilch (1998) figures some original specimens Schwegler (1938, 1965, 1971) that were only known GEOLOGICAL SETTING after drawings. Althoff (1928) and Waldeck (1975) record Megateuthis from the Bajocian of Bielefeld and The backbone of the southernmost region of peninsu- Lower Saxony (Germany). Kumm (1952) cites lar Italy, Calabria, consists of Early Palaeozoic metamor- Homaloteuthis and Megateuthis from the Upper phites which are intruded by Late Palaeozoic Aalenian and Lower Bajocian of Lower Saxony. Buser (Hercynian) granitoids (Amodio-Morelli et al., 1979, (1952) and Lieb & Bodmer (1955) record Megateuthis, and bibliography therein; Dubois,1976; Bouillin, 1984). Holcobelus and Brevibelus from the Swiss Jurassic. V. In the area located at the north-eastern, Ionian, side of Hochstetter (1897) reports Lower Bajocian belemnites Calabria, named Sila Greca, the Palaeozoic crystalline from St. Veit near Vienna (Austria), including basement is transgressively covered by Mesozoic- Brevibelus, Megateuthis, Pachybelemnopsis and a new Palaeogene sediments. This complex was then subjected species, Belemnites eduardi. Stolley (1927) includes the to Alpine/Apenninic orogenic deformation, and followed latter into his new genus Holcobelus. Phillips (1868) dis- by a new Miocene-Quaternary sedimentary cycle. cusses species of Megateuthis, Holcobelus and The Mesozoic unmetamorphosed sedimentary cover is Pachybelemnopsis, but unfortunately no recent, more characterized by two distinct successions: the Longo- detailed studies on these forms are presently available. bucco Group and the Caloveto Group, differing in their From Belgium, Luxembourg and NE France (Alsace- facies, thickness, and chronostratigraphic range (Teale, Lorraine) Chapuis & Dewalque (1854) describe for the 1985; Young et al., 1986, and bibliography therein; first time Bajocian belemnites (Megateuthis), while Santantonio & Teale, 1987; Teale & Young, 1987; Lepsius (1875), Branco (1879), Bleicher (1884), Haug Bouillin et al., 1988) (Fig. 2). (1886), Van Werveke (1901), Benecke (1905, 1905), The paper by Young et al. (1986) contains a useful list Laux (1921-23), Lucius (1945, 1948) and Maubeuge of references - to which the reader is referred - docu- (1955) report several specimens referable to menting the early efforts of palaeontologists, mostly Homaloteuthis, Brevibelus, Megateuthis and Pachy- ammonite specialists, who tackled the stratigraphy of the belemnopsis. Weis (2006) describes a Lower Bajocian area around the turn of the nineteenth century. (Humphriesianum Zone) Megateuthis-Pachybelemno- Importantly, the papers by Young et al. (1986) and psis assemblage from Luxembourg. The belemnite Santantonio & Teale (1987) also introduce a new - as yet monograph by Eudes-Deslongchamps (1878) is remark- informal - lithostratigraphy, which will be used here. able for NW France (Normandy). The author describes Megateuthis, Brevibelus and Pachybelemnopsis together The Longobucco Group with several new Upper Aalenian species; unfortunately it has not been revised up to now. For these latter forms The Longobucco Group (Triassic-Jurassic boundary to Stolley (1927) institutes the new genus Holcobelus. Toarcian) (Fig. 2) is exposed across an area of about 150 Riche (1904), Lissajous (1925) and Roché (1939) km and it is ~1.5 km thick. It documents sedimentation record Holcobelus, Brevibelus, Megateuthis and on a rifted continental margin, in environments evolving Pachybelemnopsis from Central France (Burgundy), from continental (fluvial deposits), to carbonate shelf, to while Garnier (1872), Zürcher (1891), Roman & slope and finally to a deep turbiditic basin (see also Gennevaux (1912), Gérard (1936) and Riegraf (1980) Zuffa, 1980). report Holcobelus and Pachybelemnopsis from the The Longobucco Group is composed by the following Aalenian/Bajocian boundary of Southern France. units: In SE Europe the distribution pattern appears to be 1) - Torrente Duno formation (Rhaetian-Hettangian): somewhat more complete. Stoyanova-Vergilova (1982, sandstones (mainly quartzarenites), shales and conglom- 1985, 1990, 1993) gives an extensive overview of erates (red beds) of fluvial environment, 100-200 m Aalenian and Bajocian belemnites from Bulgaria. The thick; author quotes and figures several species of Holcobelus, 2) - Bocchigliero formation (Sinemurian s.l.): blackish Brevibelus, Megateuthis, Paramegateuthis, and Pachy- limestones (wackestones to grainstones), mostly oolitic, belemnopsis. A comparable assemblage with Mega- with a rich shelly fauna (brachiopods and bivalves), also teuthis, Brevibelus, Holcobelus, Pachybelemnopsis and with occasional corals, oncoids and Thalassinoides bur- Hibolithes is reported by Preda (1975) from the Bajocian rows. Material derived from the crystalline basement of Romania. Such faunas are also reported from (e.g. lenses of cross bedded quartz conglomerates) and Caucasus and Crimea (Krimholz 1947, 1953). In plant remains (e.g. tree logs) are abundant throughout. Southern Italy, as mentioned above, Combémorel et al. Thickness up to about 100 m; AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE ... Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 3

3) - Fosso Petrone formation (Lower Pliensbachian): Submarine tectonic escarpments exposing the local bioturbated marls with bivalves, belemnites, ammonites shelf stratigraphy were in this view the source areas of and plant remains; about 200 m thick; shelf-edge or the megaclastic rockfall and debris flow material, and slope facies; the turbidites are indeed seen to onlap the Palaeozoic 4) - Fiume Trionto formation (Upper Pliensbachian- phyllites in several basin-margin localities across the Lower Toarcian): mixed siliciclastic/carbonate turbidites Bocchigliero area. The continental deposits (Torrente and interbedded hemipelagites, bearing olistoliths, tens Duno formation) gradually evolve to intertidal and to to a few hundred metres across, made of the first two subtidal marine deposits (Bocchigliero formation). units of the Group. Up to ~1200 m thick. Facies range from quartzose conglomerates and cross This succession bears the evidence that the evolution bedded hybrid arenites to marls, to cross laminated from a continental fluvial environment to a deep marine oolitic grainstones and bioturbated subtidal wackestones environment must have been driven by rift tectonics in bearing a diverse marine shelly fauna. The Bocchigliero the Early Jurassic (Santantonio, 1993), ultimately pro- formation documents the development of a mixed car- viding the accommodation space for the thick, high sed- bonate/siliciclastic shelf hosting oolite bars, under the imentation-rate Trionto formation turbidites. influence of river deltas providing abundant siliciclastic input and plant material sourced by a crystalline hinter- land subjected to a humid climate, and then reworked by tidal and alongshore currents. The transition to the next unit is documented by subtidal carbonate mud facies with neritic fauna and flora and the gradual disappear- ance of pebble-and sand-grade siliciclastic material, indicating distal open shelf conditions with decreasing ambient energy. Onset of the Petrone formation is marked by the appearance of cephalopods (belemnites and ammonites) and the occurrence of thin fine-grained turbidites, an indication of a deeper-water shelf to slope environment (Young et al., 1986). The lower Toarcian top of the Trionto formation turbidites is cut by modern erosion, so the later Jurassic sedimentary evolution of the Longobucco Group is unknown.

The Caloveto Group

The Caloveto Group (Fig. 2) represents a sequence sedimented around and on a basement structural high, and as such spans a long interval of geological time (Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) through a much reduced thickness (maximum 300 m). The Longobucco Group acted in the Early Jurassic as a strongly subsiding sediment trap separating the offshore highs of Caloveto from the Jurassic mainland Calabria. The Caloveto Group is exposed in small, isolated outcrops dissected by faults, which often makes bed correlation difficult. The main outcrops of the Caloveto Group are found in two main areas: 1. nearby the village of Caloveto, and 2. along the Colognati stream valley. The latter area is the sole having exposures of the younger (Upper Jurassic and Neocomian) part of the succession. The deposits of the Caloveto Group display a complex array of unconformable contacts and strongly variable geometries and facies, documenting sedimentation on a rugged sub- Fig. 2 - Correlated sequences of the Longobucco and Caloveto Groups. strate, under a very strict sinsedimentary tectonic con- Longobucco Group: 1- Torrente Duno Formation; 2- Bocchigliero trol. Formation; 3- Fosso Petrone Formation; 4- Trionto Formation; 5- The Caloveto Group is composed by the following Hercynian basement (metamorphites); 6- Hercynian basement (grani- toid). Caloveto Group: 1- Lower Caloveto Formation; 2- Upper units, from the base: Caloveto Formation; 3- S.Onofrio Formation (basal red marls); 4- 1) - Lower Caloveto formation (Pliensbachian). This S.Onofrio Formation (pelagic limestone, radiolarites with admixed carbonate unit marks a marine transgression over an siliciclastic and calciclastic turbidites); 5- Hercynian basement (metamorphites); 6- Hercynian basement (granitoids). Dashed lines are time intrusive and metamorphic Hercynian basement. It is lines. made of up to ~80 m of pale-coloured lime grainstones 4 Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 MARIOTTI et al. and packstones and hybrid arenites, cross-bedded in stream valley, near Rossano (about 15 km west of the places, bearing rich shallow water benthic faunas (gas- Caloveto outcrop area). These deposits include wide- tropods, bivalves, crinoids, corals, Tubiphytes, etc.). spread hybrid arenites, clasts of the crystalline basement Low-energy cyclic mud-rich facies are remarkably up to boulder size, and peloid-oolite calcarenites from missing in this unit. This formation also bears an up to unknown carbonate platform source areas. The various 40 m thick conglomerate facies, with clast- to matrix lithologies are, at present, dealt with as informal mem- (coarse carbonate sand)- supported conglomerates bear- bers, but may end up being treated as formations, should ing rounded pebbles derived from the basement. These the Sant’Onofrio be elevated at group rank. Ammonites, conglomerates are diachronous, marking the irregular, belemnites and posidoniid bivalves occur in the red non conformable contact to the phyllites at Caloveto marls. Apart from aptychi, ammonites are virtually (more on this below). The change to the next unit can be absent in the post-Bajocian sediments, in which either sharp, through a mineralized paraconformity, or belemites and other fauna occur sporadically. transitional, and made of an up to 10m thick package of The Caloveto Group indicates the initial development pink brachiopod- (mostly rhynchonellids) to crinoid-rich of carbonate aprons around islands made of Palaeozoic packstones. The age of the unit is poorly constrained, but rock. These carbonates have great lateral variability, but the top levels bear Agerina martana (Farinacci), a their ubiquitous grainstone to conglomerate facies is an Pliensbachian benthic foram. evidence for high energy conditions in a coastal environ- 2) - Upper Caloveto formation (Toarcian, Serpentinus ment. Coral patches occurred sporadically, but nowhere to Dispansum Zones), about 0.5-8 m of red pelagic, did an inner lagoon with a low-energy muddy facies whole-fossil lime wackstones and nodular marly mud- exist. By contrast to the Longobucco basin, that initially stone (ammonitico rosso facies). These red pelagites developed as a wide shelf backed by a continent with a often fill deep fractures which cross the former unit as fluvial system, the Lower Caloveto formation was sedi- well as the basement in the form of neptunian dykes. mented due to subsidence of emerged land offshore, and Ammonites, echinoderms (mostly crinoids), bra- these islands were too small to host a proper drainage chiopods and posidoniid bivalves characterize this unit. system. Thence the white (as opposed to black) color of A sedimentary hiatus of some 2 My must exist at the the limestone, and the lack of any plant material. These Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary, corresponding to the carbonates are locally seen to fill fractures in the phyllite iron-stained basal surface. The ammonite assemblage basement, suggesting that subsidence had a strong tec- recovered indicates the Lower (not lowermost) Toarcian tonic component. Serpentinus Zone. Synsedimentary faulting was certainly most active in 3) - Sant’Onofrio formation (Late Toarcian to Haute- the Toarcian, and this probably had two main effects: 1. rivian), maximum thickness of 150 m, comprising red the foundering and drowning of any shallow water car- bioturbated (Zoophychos) (Fig. 3) marls, Aptychus lime- bonate system, and 2. the tectonic dissection of both the stone, radiolarian cherts and calpionellid limestone. basement and the Lower Caloveto limestone. This pro- These “background” lithologies host a variety of spec- duced a network of neptunian dykes, and set the condi- tacular gravity flow deposits (rock falls, debris flows, tions for the development of various unconformable con- turbidites) in the outcrop areas of the high Colognati tacts, due to the birth of a markedly irregular submarine topography. The Colognati area has megaclastic beds sealed by late Toarcian ammonite-rich deposits (Santantonio & Teale, 1987; Santantonio, 1993), so faulting was active across both the main outcrop areas mentioned above. The deposits of the Sant’Onofrio formation exhibit various types of geometric relationships with their sub- strate. In the Caloveto area contacts vary from paracon- formities to angular unconformities, both with the basement and with the faulted shallow-water limestone. At Il Torno (Colognati Valley), Aalenian marls with Zoophychos are seen to drape the Toarcian megabreccia as well as to onlap the granite basement. The youngest beds seen at Caloveto are the radiolarian chert facies (?Callovian-?Oxfordian), which, where rest- ing unconformably on the Lower Caloveto formation, are seen to induce the growth of chert nodules in the latter, by analogy with basin-margin unconformities in the Apennines (Santantonio et al., 1996; Galluzzo & Santantonio, 2002). The Aptychus limestone is found in Fig. 3 - Zoophychos from red marls (lower part of the Sant’Onorio the Colognati area, and is seen to change into a calpionel- Formation). AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE ... Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 5

Fig. 4 - Panoramic view of the Cozzo di Mastro Pasquale outcrop near Caloveto. Dashed line is the trace of the basal unconformity of onlapping marls (lower part of the Sant’Onofrio Formation). lid limestone (Maiolica facies) which is markedly litho- ascribed to Hildaites serpentinus. Marly limestone with clastic (basement clasts, plus clasts of the older forma- Hildoceras sublevisoni and Mercaticeras sp. (middle tions) and also bears turbiditic calcarenites. These fea- Toarcian) follows, attaining a maximum thickness of 1 tures might be indicative of a reactivation of Early m. These levels show rare crystalline clasts. Jurassic faults around the Tithonian/Berriasian boundary. c) The marls of the Sant’Onofrio formation (Fig. 4) that follow have also a variable thickness (few metres to The “Cozzo di Mastro Pasquale” outcrop >25m), due to their unconformable base. They are made of thick bioturbated beds alternating with thin laminated At km 8.2 along the road connecting the villages of posidoniid-rich beds. Soft marl clasts with a thin iron- Caloveto and Bocchigliero, in a locality named “Cozzo rich coating could be the product of reworking of incip- di Mastro Pasquale” (Fig. 1), it is possible to observe: a) ient hardgrounds by burrowers. About 7 m above the top the top of the Lower Caloveto formation; b) the base of of the Lower Caloveto limestone in the section described the red nodular limestone of the Upper Caloveto forma- earlier for the Toarcian, which displays about 16 m of tion; c) the marls of the Sant’Onofrio formation. Sant’Onofrio marls, a level with large (10-15 cm longer a) The top of the Lower Caloveto formation is an ero- axis) bivalves probably belonging to the genus sional surface, locally iron-stained. One remarkable out- Inoceramus also produced a rich Aalenian ammonite crop at a narrow topographic terrace demonstrates the fauna. This is composed by Tmetoceras scissum richly fossiliferous, condensed, nature of the last bed of (Benecke, 1865), Ancolioceras opalinoides (Mayer), the unit. This bears ostreids, echinoids, gastropods, bra- Erycites fallifax Arkell 1957, Erycites intermedius chiopods, and set in a matrix of hybrid grainstone (crys- (Hantken in Prinz, 1904) (Fig. 5) and lytoceratids found talline granules). The first occurrence of rare ammonites in situ from 6 m to 11 m above the stratigraphic base of (Protogrammoceras sp., Pliensbachian) indicates the the unit. Tmetoceras scissum indicates the early onset of a pelagic influence. Aalenian (Opalinum Zone; Venturi 1982; Venturi & b) This area also features the best (though not the Ferri, 2001; Pallini et al., 2004). Erycites intermedius thickest) outcrop of the Upper Caloveto formation. This appears at the base of the Opalinum Zone (Early is made of red pelagic limestone and marly limestone, Aaleniano), while Erycites fallifax is generically an with echinoids in the lower part, brachiopods and Aalenian form. Ancolioceras opalinoides (Mayer) is a ammonites of Early Toarcian age (Serpentinus Zone). marker of the Opalinoides Subzone of the Murchisone The first centimetres of the Upper Caloveto formation Zone. This assemblage therefore covers the middle part are a red condensed wackestone bearing specimens of the Opalinum Zone to the middle part of Murchisonae 6 Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 MARIOTTI et al.

Fig. 5 - a) Erycites intermedius, Early Aalenian, base of the Opalinum Zone, x 0.75 ; b-c) “Docidoceras” cf. perfectum, Discites Zone, x 0.75; d Tmetoceras scissum, Aalenian, Opalinum Zone, x 1.

Zone (Cresta, 2002; ed.). Two stephanoceratids were small, medium and large, related to the length of the ros- found in the upper part of red marls, one in a displaced trum (L), are respectively referred to L < 80 mm, L block, the other in place. They belong to Docidoceras, between 80 and 110 mm and L > 110 mm. probably a “D.” cf. perfectum (Fig. 5) (see Cresta & Abbreviations as in Mariotti (2003): L, total preserved Galacz, 1990; Pl. II, fig. 4), which indicates the Early length; Dv, dorso-ventral diameter at alveolar opening; Bajocian Discites Zone in the Umbria-Marche Apenni- Dl, lateral diameter at alveolar opening; Dvmax, maxi- nes. The same species is reported by Callomon & mum ventral diameter; Dlmax, maximum lateral diame- Chandler (1990) from beds of Late Aalenian-Early ter; X, length from apex to Dmax; Ic, compression index, Bajocian age in Dorset (Southern England). In exposures the ratio between dorsal-ventral diameter and lateral other than those of the Cozzo di Mastro Pasquale area, diameter, calculated at the level of the alveolar opening the lower part of the marl succession has also yielded (Ica), and at the level of the maximum dorso-ventral ammonites indicative of a Late Toarcian (Aalensis Zone) diameter (Icm); Id, depression index, the ratio between and Early Aalenian (Opalinum Zone) age. The present- lateral diameter and dorso-ventral diameter calculated at day topography, and an unconformable contact with the level of the alveolar opening (Ida), and at the level of Miocene conglomerates and sandstone, truncate the the maximum lateral diameter (Idm). upper part of the marls, which are seen to change con- All the collected specimens are stored in the formably to red radiolarites a couple of metres above the Palaeontological Museum of the Dipartimento di Docidoceras-bearing bed. Scienze della Terra of the University “La Sapienza” of The belemnites studied in this paper were collected Rome under collection number NS 20/… from the red marls of the Sant’Onofrio Formation (Fig. The rostra collected are not in a good state of pre- 6), and their stratigraphic distribution (Aalenian-Early servation, even if often they are complete. The phragmo- Bajocian; Combémorel et al., 1994a) is in good agree- cone is never preserved but frequently the alveolus is ment with ammonite stratigraphy as established in the observable. Some of the rostra as well as the ammonites, area. preserved always as inner moulds, show strong tectonic An age for the top of the Sant’Onofrio Formation can stress deformation (Fig. 7 a-c). be tentatively placed in the Bajocian. Furthermore, some specimens exhibit borings made by acrotoracic cirripeds (Fig. 7 d). These organisms are marine sessile crustaceans with a boring habitat in car- MATERIAL AND METHODS bonate substrata. They form in the substratum a sac- shaped cavity with a comma-shaped opening (with a The terminology herein used is derived from Doyle & round end and a sharp end), with a total length only Kelly (1988) and Mariotti (2003). Individual descri- rarely exceeding 2 mm. These cirripeds orient the cirri ptions also include size measurements in the cases of against the current flux from the rounded portion of the complete or almost complete specimens. All measures opening directing them towards the sharpened portion are in millimeters. Estimated values for incomplete spec- (Fig. 8) (Petriconi, 1971). Assuming that borings post- imens are marked by an asterisk (*). Dimensional adjec- date death of the belemnites and settlement of the ros- tives are used as in Doyle & Kelly (1988); the terms trum on the sea-bottom, it is conceivable that sedimenta- AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE ... Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 7

Fig. 8 - The boring of an acrotoracic cirriped (after Petriconi, 1971).

SYSTEMATICS

The classification adopted here is based on Riegraf (1995) and Riegraf et al. (1998).

Order Belemnitida MacGillivray, 1840 Suborder Belemnitina MacGillivray, 1840 Family Megateuthididae Sachs & Nalnjaeva, 1967 Fig. 6 - Belemnites bearing red marls of the lower part of the Sant’Onofrio Formation. The white arrow indicates a hammer. Genus Brevibelus Doyle, 1992

Diagnosis tion rates were as slow as to permit the colonisation of “Small, short and robust, cylindriconical to conical rostra before they were covered by sediment. Sometimes Megateuthididae. Outline symmetrical and conical to the borings reach the innermost part of the rostrum (Fig. cylindriconical, profile symmetrical to slightly asym- 7 d). metrical, otherwise similar to the outline. Apex obtuse to moderately acute, often mucronate. Venter inflated in some species. Transverse sections quadrate, compressed in some species, depressed in others. Apex devoid of grooves or striae. Lateral lines may be well-developed, consisting of two weak and parallel depressions separat- ed by a relatively well-developed ridge. The phragmocone is ventrally displaced, penetrating one half to one third of the rostrum. Apical lines strongly cyrtolineate, apical angle approximately 27°.” (After Doyle, 1992)

Type species Belemnites breviformis Voltz, 1830

Remarks Parapassaloteuthis Riegraf, 1980 is the only genus similar to Brevibelus, but the latter differs in having a more conical rostrum, no apical groove and weaker lateral lines.

Brevibelus breviformis (Voltz, 1830) Fig. 7 - a-c) boudinaged rostra, x 1; d) borings of acrotoracic cirripedes at the outer surface (left) and in the innermost part of the guard, x 1. (Pl. 1, Fig.1 a-c) 8 Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 MARIOTTI et al.

*1830 Belemnites breviformis Voltz, p. 42, Pl. II, Figs. 2- Type species 4. Belemnites giganteus v. Schlotheim, 1820 (= Belemnites 1992 Brevibelus breviformis - Doyle, 62, Pl. 23, figs. 6, Aalensis Voltz, 1830) by subsequent designation 10, 11; Pl. 24, figs. 1, 2. (cum syn.). (Douvillé, 1879, p. 91) 1999 Brevibelus breviformis - Weis, 222, Figs. 4-5, 27- 29 Megateuthis sp.

Material (Pl. 1; Fig. 12 a-c) Two complete juvenile specimens in mediocre state of preservation (NS 20/877-/1184). Material One juvenile fragment showing the alveolar and partially Description the stem region (NS 20/819). The small rostrum is typically conical and slender. The outline is symmetrical and conical, the profile is nearly Description symmetrical with a slightly flattened venter. The apex is The small conical rostrum is characterized by two apical moderately acute. The transverse section is subquadrate dorso-lateral grooves visible on the transverse section. It in the alveolar region and becomes elliptical in the api- lacks a ventral groove and is strongly compressed with cal region. No groove is present. The phragmocone pen- an elliptical cross section. The alveolus probably pene- etrates one half of the rostrum. trates one fourth of the rostrum.

Dimensions Remarks See Tab. 1 The fragmentary preservation does not permit a specific attribution. The blunted apical part of the rostrum expos- es the typical juvenile stages of Megateuthis with clear indications of two apical dorso-lateral grooves. Both Schwegler (1965) and Pugacewska (1961) illustrate sim- ilarly short, compressed and conical juveniles of Megateuthis elliptica from the Bajocian of Poland and southern Germany. The fragmentary state (lack of apical region) of the unique collected specimen does not allow drawing any further comparison. Remarks The characteristic conical and slender shape and the lack Geographical and stratigraphical distribution of groove permit a systematic attribution to a juvenile Bajocian of Europe, ?North America (Doyle, 1992), and form of Brevibelus. The juvenile stadium of the two Aalenian-Lower Bajocian of southern Italy. specimens is based on ontogenetic observations of Weis (1999, p. 224). The only similar species is Brevibelus Suborder Pachybelemnopseina Riegraf, 1998 gingensis, but Brevibelus breviformis is different for its Family Holcobelidae Gustomesov, 1977 more slender shape. In Italy this species, common in the European belemnite Genus Holcobelus Stolley, 1927 assemblages, is recorded only from the “Cozzo di Mastro Pasquale” outcrop. Diagnosis Small to medium sized, elongated, conical to cylindrical Geographical and stratigraphical distribution Holcobelidae. Apex acute or obtuse (orthorostrum). No Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian of Europe, Russia, apical grooves. Intermediate ventral groove extending western Canada (Doyle, 1992), and Aalenian-Lower from the alveolar region to nearly the apex. Transverse Bajocian of southern Italy. sections rounded or elliptical, compressed. Epirostrum well-developed in some species. Genus Megateuthis Bayle, 1878 Remarks Diagnosis The phylogenetic affinities of Holcobelus were Very large conical to elongate cylindriconical Megateu- discussed in Combémorel et al. (1994a). thididae, with a well-developed epirostrum. The outline and profile are symmetrical and conical to cylindriconi- Type species cal. The apex is obtuse and bears dorso-lateral grooves Belemnites munieri Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1878. and generally well-marked striae. Transverse sections are compressed and elliptical. Holcobelus trauthi Stolley, 1927

(Pl. 1, fig. 3 a-c) AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE ... Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 9

*1927 Holcobelus trauthi Stolley, p. 118, pl. XXIV, fig. 7-8. 1994 Holcobelus trauthi - Combémorel et al., p. 47, Pl. 1, fig. 4.

Material Six complete rostra (NS 20/1181, /1179, /862, /1178, /1400, /1403), one juvenile form (NS 20/828), one specimen lacking the alveolar region (NS 20/815), and several fragments of the distal part of the alveolar region (NS 20/786, /823, /776, /866).

Description The middle sized rostrum is conical in the posterior. Outline and profile are symmetrical and cylindriconical, very slightly hastate in the adult. The ventral groove is narrow Dimensions and well-marked, reducing towards the apex which it See Tab. 3 appears to meet. The transverse section is sub-rectangu- lar and compressed. The apical region is slightly obtuse.

Dimensions See Tab. 2

Remarks This species is similar to the original specimens of Stolley (1927, pl. XXIV, fig. 7-8). The closest species is Holcobelus subblainvillei but the latter shows a more conical slender shape and less compression. Remarks Geographical and stratigraphical distribution This species is very similar to Holcobelus blainvillii, but Lower Bajocian of Normandy (France), and Aalenian- it differs by its groove extending from alveolus to apex. Lower Bajocian of southern Italy. Another taxon comparable with Holcobelus subblainvillei is Holcobelus munieri. Holcobelus munieri has a Holcobelus subblainvillei (Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1878) very long and more slender rostrum and an apical region more acute. (Pl. 1, Fig. 7 a-c) Combémorel et al. (1994b), in the revision of d’Orbigny’s collection, figured a longitudinal section of *1878 Belemnites subblainvillei Eudes-Deslongchamps, Holcobelus munieri with an epirostrum, and retained p. 60, pl. V, figs. 15, 17 , pl. VII, figs. 5-9 (cum syn.) that Holcobelus subblainvillei would be Holcobelus 1927 Holcobelus subblainvillei - Stolley, p. 118, pl. munieri without epirostrum. This might be truth, but for XXIV, fig. 5. the moment we do not have appropriate material for further investigation. Material Five complete rostra (NS 20/897, /1404, /785, /784, Geographical and stratigraphical distribution /880) and several fragments. Upper Aalenian and Lower Bajocian of Normandy, Haute-Provence (France), and Aalenian-Lower Bajocian Description of southern Italy. The conical rostrum is medium-sized and slender. The profile is symmetrical and conical; the outline is Holcobelus munieri (Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1878) symmetrical, but less conical than profile. A ventral narrow deep groove extends from the alveolus next to (Pl. 1, Figs. 2 a-c, 5 a-c) the apex. The apical region ends with an acute and slightly mucronate point. The transverse section is *1878 Belemnites munieri Eudes-Deslongchamps, p. 63, subcircular to slightly compressed. The phragmocone Pl. V, figs. 3-6, 12-14; Pl. VI, figs. 5-11. (Cum syn.) penetrates one third of the rostrum. 1993 Holcobelus munieri Stoyanova-Vergilova, p. 73, Pl. XXXV, figs. 1-4; Pl. XXXVI, figs. 1-4. (Cum syn.) 10 Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 MARIOTTI et al.

Material adult specimens. The transversal section is compressed Two juveniles (NS 20/880, /843), two specimens lacking and subrectangular. A deep ventral groove extends from the distal end (NS 20/838, /768) and one specimen the alveolus till the apex. The phragmocone, slightly lacking the most part of the alveolar region (NS 20/878). eccentric ventrally, penetrates for one third of the total length of the rostrum. Description Very slender conical and slightly compressed rostrum. Dimensions The outline and profile are symmetrical and conical. The See Tab. 5 dorsal, the ventral sides and the flanks converge weakly but continuously till the apex. The apical region is acute and the end is sometimes very slightly obtuse. A deep ventral groove starts from the alveolar opening, persists into the stem region disappearing at the apex. The transversal section is weakly compressed, subquadrate. The phragmocone penetrates one fourth of the rostrum. The adult stage presents an epirostrum.

Dimensions See Tab. 4 Remarks Remarks The small-sized rostrum, the compressed subrectangular transversal section and the obtuse apical region make this species unique within the genus Holcobelus.

Geographical and stratigraphical distribution Upper Aalenian of Normandy, Haute-Provence (France) and Aalenian-Lower Bajocian of southern Italy.

Holcobelus tschegemensis (Krimholz, 1931)

This species differs from the other species ascribed to (Pl. 1, Fig. 11 a-c) Holcobelus by the long slender conical rostrum, the conical apical region and the long groove. *1931 Belemnopsis tschegemensis Krimholz, p. 27, pl. I, figs. 26-32. Geographical and stratigraphical distribution 1990 Holcobelus tschegemensis - Stoyanova-Vergilova, Upper Aalenian and Lower Bajocian of Normandy, pl. I, fig. 3. southern France, Bulgaria, and Aalenian-Lower Bajo- 1993 Holcobelus tschegemensis - Stoyanova-Vergilova, cian of southern Italy. pl. XXXVII, fig. 4.

Holcobelus tetramerus (Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1878) Material Two juvenile specimens (NS 20/824, NS 20/851), one (Pl. 1, Figs. 4 a-c, 6 a-c; 8 a-c) specimen lacking the distal end (NS 20/775), one specimen lacking the apical region (NS 20/1406), three *1878 Belemnites tetramerus Eudes-Deslongchamps, p. fragments of the apical region (NS 20/864, /907, /1412), 67, Pl. VII, figs. 10-20. one rostrum lacking the terminal end and part of the 1927 Holcobelus tetramerus - Stolley, p. 118. alveolar region (NS 20/865) and two specimens without the apical region (NS 20/847, /777). Material Five complete specimens (NS 20/774, /773, /892, /1399, Description /1405). The medium-sized rostrum is typically slender and thin. The profile and outline are symmetrical and cylindrical. Description The transverse section is elliptical to subquadrate and The rostrum is small-sized and compressed. The outline weakly compressed for all the length of rostrum. The is symmetrical and conical, the profile is symmetrical alveolus penetrates one sixth of the rostrum. The long and cylindriconical. The flanks and the ventral and later- ventral groove is deep in the anterior region, and fades al sides run parallel to converge suddenly in the apical slightly out towards the apex. region ending with an obtuse point; this is evident in the AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE ... Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 11

Dimensions Material See Tab. 6 Three juvenile specimens (NS 20/788, /789, /1401) all without phragmocone and alveolus.

Description Small-sized fusiform rostrum with outline and profile symmetrical and fusiform. The maximum width of rostrum occurs between 1/3 and 1/4 from the apex. A very thin and narrow ventral canal is present in the most prox- imal part. Weak lateral lines are visible on the flanks. The transverse section is more or less circular. Remarks This species, characterized by a medium-sized slender Dimensions an thin rostrum and a long ventral groove, is outstanding See Tab. 7 in the genus Holcobelus.

Geographical and stratigraphical distribution Upper Aalenian of the Caucasus, Bulgaria, Haute Provence (France) and Aalenian-Lower Bajocian of southern Italy.

Family Mesohibolitidae Nerodenko, 1983

Genus Hibolithes Denys de Montfort, 1808 Remarks The two juvenile specimens are ascribed to Hibolithes Diagnosis wuerttembergicus by their fusiform shape, the weak Elongated, slender Mesohibolitidae. Both profile and alveolar canal and lateral lines. They are synonymous outline symmetrical and usually hastate. Maximum with the juveniles figured by v. Zieten (1830-33, Pl. 25, transverse diameter usually at the apical region. fig. 3c-f). Pugaczewska (1961) describes and figures Transverse section generally circular, in some cases three ontogenetic stages for this species: nepionic, nean- depressed in the apical region in some others com- ic and ephebic-gerontic. The here analyzed specimens pressed in the alveolar region. Shallow ventral canal lim- could be nepionic forms for their fusiform shape, the ited at the anterior half of the rostrum. Well evident lat- length and the tapering of the terminal portion and the eral lines. Central apical line. poorly incised alveolar canal.

Type species Stratigraphical range and geographical distribution Hibolithes hastatus Denys de Montfort, 1808 Bajocian to Bathonian of Germany, Luxembourg, Poland and Aalenian-Lower Bajocian of southern Italy. Hibolithes wuerttembergicus (Oppel, 1856) Hibolithes sp. (Pl. 1, Fig. 10 a-c; Pl. 2, Figs. 4 a-c, 8 a-c) (Pl. 2, Fig. 5 a-c) *1856 Belemnites württembergicus Oppel, p. 485. 1830 Actinocamax cf. milleri - v. Zieten, p. 33, Pl. 25, Material fig. 3a. Three stem fragments close to the alveolar region (NS 1830 Actinocamax fusiformis - v. Zieten, p. 33, Pl. 25, 20/779, /1395, 848) and one fragment showing the fig. 3b. alveolar region and partially the stem region (/1413). 1832 Actinocamax lanceolatus Hartmann - v. Zieten, p.33, Pl. 25, figs. 3c-f. Description 1961 Hibolithes wuerttembergicus - Pugaczewska, p. Fragments of medium and large rostra with a probable 177, fig. 23, Pl. XXI, fig. 1-8. fusiform shape. A clear broad ventral canal is observ- 1981 Hibolithes (H.) wuerttembergicus - Riegraf, p. 67- able. The dorsal side shows a short depression extending 70, figs. 37-38 (cum syn.). distally as a flattened area. The transverse sections are 1998 Hibolithes wuerttembergicus - Schlegelmilch, circular to slightly elliptical. Two lateral lines are present p.82, Pl. 18, figs. 6-9, Pl. 20, fig.14. on each flank. v. 2005 Hibolithes wuerttembergicus - Weis & Gross, p.68, fig. A3. Remarks v. 2006 Hibolithes wuerttembergicus - Weis, p. 161, fig. The type of the canal, the transverse section, the pres- 11. ence of lateral lines and a short dorsal depression permit 12 Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 MARIOTTI et al. to ascribe these fragments to Hibolithes. Remarks Pachybelemnopsis baculiformis distinguishes from other Stratigraphical range and geographical distribution species of Pachybelemnopsis by its little club-like form Aalenian-Lower Bajocian of southern Italy. and the relatively long and broad ventral canal.

Genus Pachybelemnopsis Riegraf, 1980 Stratigraphical range and geographical distribution Bajocian (Humpresianum Zone) south-western Germany, Diagnosis north-eastern France, Luxembourg and Aalenian-Lower Cylindrical to hastate, elongate Mesohibolithidae. Bajocian of southern Italy. Outline symmetrical. Profile asymmetrical. Apex acute. Transverse section generally depressed in the apical and Belemnitida incertae sedis stem regions. Broad, ventral alveolar canal sometimes extending up to the apex. Apical line ventrally eccentric. (Pl. 2, Figs. 1 a-c, 2 a-c, 3 a-c, 6 a-c, 10 a-c) Lateral lines rarely present. Material Type species Two complete specimens (NS 20/799, /1180), one Belemnites canaliculatus v. Schlotheim, 1820 specimen lacking the alveolar region (NS 20/772), six rostra just analysed by Combémorel et al. (1994) coming Pachybelemnopsis baculiformis Riegraf, 1980 from the same levels of the here studied belemnite assemblage (NS 20/810, /811, /813, /814, /816, /817), (Pl. 1, fig. 13 a-c, Fig. 9 a-c; Pl.2, Figs. 7 a-c, 9 a-c) and several rostra lacking the alveolar region (NS 20/769, /842, /858, /859, /861, /920, /917, /918, /900, *v.1980 Belemnopsis (Pachybelemnopsis) baculiformis /901, /912, /921, /927, /942, /1175, /1185, /1407, /1408, Riegraf, p. 179-181, text-figs. 160-161, Pl. 1, fig. 11 /1409, /1410, /1411). [cum syn.] 1998 Belemnopsis baculiformis - Schlegelmilch, p. 79, Description Pl. 16, figs. 10-11 Large cylindriconical to slightly hastate, more or less v. 2006 Pachybelemnopsis baculiformis - Weis, p. 161, compressed rostrum. The outline is symmetrical, cylin- fig. 12 driconical or weakly hastate; the profile is slightly asymmetrical with a more inflated dorsum. The long flanks Material converge rapidly towards the apex. The apical region is One juvenile specimen (NS 20/830), three specimens short respect to the total length of rostrum, and ends with lacking the alveolar region (NS 20/837, /850, /834), and an obtuse and mucronate point. A well marked deep and two fragments of the stem region (NS 20/839, /822). broad ventral groove runs from the alveolus to the apex. The transversal section is more or less compressed. Description Some rostra show an epirostrum. Medium sized rostrum with a fusiform shape narrowing distally to end by a mucronate tip. The transverse section Dimensions is subcircular in the alveolar region and more or less See Tab. 9 depressed towards the apex. A deep ventral canal extends towards the point, it is broad with clear ridges Remarks and its thickness decreases distally; it fades out at the We assume the same open nomenclature as in beginning of the apical region. The lateral lines are Combémorel et al. (1994a), because the herein analyzed weak. The outline is hastate, with maximum diameter specimens were collected from the same layers which located at the 2/3 of the total preserved length. The gave the fauna studied by the over-mentioned authors. profile is hastate, slightly asymmetrical. The apical The specimens show the same features as pointed out by region is short and slightly obtuse. Combémorel et al. (1994a): - these rostra exhibit a collection of characters which are Dimensions found separately in belemnites belonging to different See Tab. 8 genera and families: - the groove proceeding up to the apex and the compression of the post-alveolar part of the rostrum are characteristic of Megateuthididae of the Aalenian and Bajocian; - the extremely short termination of the apical region and the very great width of the groove are characteristic of the Mesohibolitidae (in particular Pachybelemnopsis), which first appears in the Lower Bajocian. For this reason alone it is not possible now to attribute a AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE ... Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 13

Boreal and Mediterranean provinces differentiated owing to the Bajocian transgression which caused the end of the previous uniformity of the marine invertebrate faunas. The genus Holcobelus, especially with the well-known species H. munieri and H. blainvillii, appears to be characteristic of the Aalenian-Early Bajocian. The overall distribution of Holcobelus extends from England (Dorset; Phillips, 1868), to France (Normandy, Vendée; Eudes-Deslong- champs, 1878; Voltz, 1830; d’Orbigny, 1842-50; Stolley, 1919, 1927; Roger, 1956;), Portugal (Cap Mondego, Pucanica, Porto de Moz, Ancan; Choffat, 1880), Luxembourg (Weis & Mariotti, in press), Germany (Scheffhen, Gosheim, Plettenberges; Riegraf, 1980), Austria (St. Veit, Vienna; v. Hochstetter, 1897), genus or family name to these rostra, they need a further Switzerland (Bâle; Greppin, 1898), Romania (Lazuri and particular taxonomic-systematic study. Moreover Valley, Strungarului; Preda, 1975), Bulgaria (Baledie the individuation of two groups, characterized by rostra Han; Stoyanova-Vergilova, 1990), western Turkmenia, either slender elongate, weakly hastate or more robust eastern Siberia, Daghestan, Caucasus (Krimholz, 1931, cylindrical, might point out the presence of two taxa. 1958; Noutzubidse, 1966) and southern Italy (Combémorel et al., 1994a). Stratigraphical range Megateuthis and Brevibelus are widespread genera, Aalenian-Lower Bajocian of southern Italy. particularly abundant in England, France (Normandy), Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Romania, Bulgaria and very rare in southern Italy. The genus STRATIGRAPHY Pachybelemnopsis is recorded from the Lower Bajocian AND PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHY OF AALENIAN- in England, France, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzer- EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE GENERA land, Austria, Romania and from the Upper Aalenian in southern Italy, Bulgaria and Daghestan. Hibolithes is In the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian-Pliensbachian) the found in France, Luxembourg, southern Germany and order Belemnitida is known from Europe, Turkey, Poland from the Lower Bajocian on, while in southern Greenland, and northern Africa. Then, in the Toarcian, Italy it is recorded in the Upper Aalenian (Weis & Belemnitida reached N Siberia producing an endemic Mariotti, in press). fauna in Toarcian/Aalenian times (Sachs & Nalnjaeva At the Aalenian-Bajocian boundary a peculiar fauna, 1970, 1975; Weis & Mariotti, in press). From Siberia dominated by the genus Holcobelus with several species, they reached (via the Arctic seas) Arctic Canada, also is reported in Normandy (France). A very similar forming an endemic fauna (Jeletzky, 1980). Across Holcobelus-dominated fauna is also present in Haute Europe, the Early Jurassic belemnite faunas show a Provence (France) at Lac du Castillon near Castellane markedly similar composition (Doyle, 1987). The and at the Truc de Balduc near Mende (Département de

PLATE 1 (page 14) Fig. 1 - Brevibelus breviformis, NS 20/1184. a) right lateral view, b) ventral view, c) left lateral view; x 1. Fig. 2 - Holocobelus munieri, NS 20/878. a) right lateral view, b) left lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 3 - Holcobelus trauthi, NS 20/1181. a) right lateral view, b) left lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 4 - Holcobelus trauthi, NS 20/1400. a) left lateral view, b) right lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 5 - Holocobelus munieri, NS 20/838. a) right lateral view, b) left lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 6 - Holcobelus tetramerus NS 20/773. a) ventral view, b) right lateral view, c) left lateral view; x 1. Fig. 7 - Holcobelus subblainvillei, NS 20/1404. a) right lateral view, b) left lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 8 - Holcobelus tetramerus, NS 20/1391. a) right lateral view, b) left lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 9 - Pachybelemnopsis baculiformis, NS 20 850. a) left lateral view, b) right lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 10 - Hibolithes wuettembergicus, NS 20/789. a) right lateral view, b) left lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 11 - Holcobelus tschegemensis, NS 20/847. a) left lateral view, b) right lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 12 - Megateuthis sp., NS 20/819. a) right lateral view, b) transverse section at the middle part of the alveolar region, c) transverse section at the apical region; x 2. Fig.13 - Pachybelemnopsis baculiformis, NS 20/837. a) left lateral view, b) right lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. 14 Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 MARIOTTI et al.

PLATE 1 AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE ... Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 15

PLATE 2 16 Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 MARIOTTI et al. la Lozère) (Riegraf, 1980; Weis & Mariotti, in press). These assemblages change in the Early Bajocian: Therefore the genus Holcobelus appears to mark the in Normandy (France) Megateuthis (abundant), Pachy- passage from a uniform Europe-wide belemnite fauna in belemnopsis (abundant) and Holcobelus; the Lower Jurassic towards the development of in Germany and Luxembourg Megateuthis (abundant), endemism and the establishment of a Tethyan fauna Brevibelus, Pachybelemnopsis and Eocylindroteuthis; (Combémorel et al., 1994a). in Bulgaria Paramegateuthis, Pachybelemnopsis and In western and central Europe (except Normandy), in the Megateuthis. Lower Bajocian, the predominance of Megateuthididae In southern Italy (Cozzo di Mastro Pasquale, Calabria) (Brevibelus, Megateuthis, Homaloteuthis) and Cylindro- the composition of the belemnite fauna is different in the teuthididae (Eocylindroteuthis) is noticeable. The Aalenian-Early Bajocian. The following taxa have been Holcobelidae, with the sole presence of the species identified: Holcobelus (abundant), Pachybelemnopsis, Holcobelus blainvillii, play a minor role compared to Brevibelus (very rare), Megateuthis (very rare), Hibo- Normandy. In this scenario, the faunas of SW Germany lithes (rare) and Belemnitida incertae sedis (very abun- and Luxembourg show a tight resemblance in the Upper dant). This latter group is represented by numerous spec- Aalenian-Lower Bajocian (Weis & Mariotti, in press). imens that may be ascribed to a new taxon whose sys- The situation changes in the early Middle Jurassic of the tematic position apparently lies halfway between Mediterranean area. This is characterized by the families Megateuthididae and Mesohibolitidae; this new system- Mesohibolitidae and Holcobelidae and by rare mega- atic group probably is the result of a changing palaeo- teuthidids (Megateuthis and Brevibelus) (Stoyanova- geography during the early Middle Jurassic. Therefore Vergilova, 1990). Pachybelemnopsis is common in the belemnite assemblage from Cozzo di Mastro western and central Europe in the Humphriesianum Pasquale shows some overall affinities with the faunas Zone (Riegraf, 1980; Weis, 2006) being followed by the recorded in Normandy (France) and Bulgaria though earliest Hibolithes. In western and central Europe, with some differences in the relative abundance of the within the Humphriesianum Zone, a faunal changeover genera and species. occurs. It is marked by the decline of the suborder Belemnitina, with Megateuthis and Brevibelus present ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - We thank Dr. A. Di Cencio for until the end of the Bajocian, and the rise of the Tethyan identification of the ammonites; Prof. R. Matteucci and Prof. Pachybelemnopseina with Pachybelemnopsis and U. Nicosia for the palaeontological discussion and encourage- Hibolithes dominating (Weis & Mariotti, in press). ment, Mr. E. Dominici for the photographs and graphics; Mr. To summarize, in the Late Aalenian belemnite assem- A. Faber (National Museum for Natural History Luxembourg) blages are characterized: for logistical support and Dr. W. Riegraf and Dr. D. Fuchs for in Normandy (France) by Holcobelus (very abundant), discussions and the loan of comparative material. Brevibelus (abundant) and the first rare Megateuthis; This paper is supported by the grant Prin 2006 (E. Turco in Germany by Holcobelus, Brevibelus and Homalo- scientific leader), and by the research project “Jurassic teuthis; coleoids” of the National Museum for Natural History in Bulgaria by Holcobelus, Brevibelus, Pachybelemno- Luxembourg. psis and Paramegateuthis.

REFERENCES

Althoff W. (1928) - Übersicht über die Gliederung der It., 17, 1-60. mesozoischen Schichten bei Bielefeld. Berichte des Benecke E.W. (1905) - Die Versteinerungen der Eisenerz- Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Bielefeld und formation von Deutsch-Lothringen und Luxemburg. Umgebung, 5 (1922-1927), 1-20. Abh.geol. Spez.-Karte Els.-Lothr., n. F. 6, 1-598. Amodio-Morelli L., Bonardi G., Colonna G., Dietrich D., Bleicher M. (1884) - Le minerai de fer en Lorraine (Lias Liguori V., Lorenzoni V., Paglionico A., Perrone V., supérieur et oolite inférieure) au point de vue Piccareta G., Russo M., Scandone P., Zanettin-Lorenzoni stratigraphique et paléontologique. Bull. Soc. géol. France, E. & Zuppetta A. (1979) - L’arco Calabro-Peloritano 3 (12), 46-107. nell’orogene Appenninico-Maghrebide. Mem. Soc. Geol. Bouillin J.P. (1984) - Nouvelle interprétation de la liaison

PLATE 2 (page 15) Fig. 1 - Belemnitida incertae sedis, NS 20/1180. a) left lateral view, b) right lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 2 - Belemnitida incertae sedis, NS 20/799. a) right lateral view, b) left lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 3 - Belemnitida incertae sedis, NS 20/772. a) right lateral view, b) left lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 4 - Hibolithes wuettembergicus, NS 20/788. a) right lateral view, b) left lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 5 - Hibolithes sp., NS 20/779. a) ventral view, b) left lateral view, c) right lateral view; x 1. Fig. 6 - Belemnitida incertae sedis, NS 20/1185. a) left lateral view, b) right lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 7 - Pachybelemnopsis baculiformis, NS 20/834. a) ventral view, b) right lateral view, c) left lateral view; x 1. Fig. 8 - Hibolithes wuettembergicus, NS 20/1401. a) ventral view, b) left lateral view, c) right lateral view; x 1. Fig. 9 - Pachybelemnopsis baculiformis, NS 20/830. a) right lateral view, b) left lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. Fig. 10 - Belemnitida incertae sedis, NS 20/1397. a) left lateral view, b) right lateral view, c) ventral view; x 1. AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE ... Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 17

Apennin-Maghrebides en Calabre; conséquences sur la M. et P. Curie Paris, 1- 567. paléogéographie téthysienne entre Gibraltar et les Alpes. Eudes-Deslongchamps E. (1878) - Etudes paléontologiques Revue de Géographie Physique et Géologie Dynamique, des divervs niveaux jurassiques de la Normandie. Premier 25 (5), 321-338. ordre des Mollusques. In “Le Jura normand”, Paris, Caen, Bouillin J.P., Mouterde R., Olivier P. & Majesté-Menjoulas C. 32-78. (1988) - Le Jurassique de Longobucco (Calabre, Italie), à Galluzzo F. & Santantonio M. (2002) - The Sabina Plateau: a la jonction de la Téthys ligure et de la Téthys maghrebine. new element in the Mesozoic palaeogeography of Central Bull. Soc. géol. France, 4 (1), 93-103. Apennines. Boll. Soc. Geol. It., Vol. spec. 1, 561-588. Branco W. (1879) - Der untere Dogger Deutsch-Lothringens. Garnier A. (1872) - Coupe de Feston aux Dourbes. In Réunion Abh. geol. Spez.-Karte Els.-Lothr., 2/1, 1-160. extraordinaire à Digne (Basses-Alpes). Du 8 au 18 Buser H. (1952) - Beiträge zur Geologie von Blatt Bözen (Nr. septembre 1872. Bull. Soc. géol. France, 2 (29), 641-656. 33) im Schweizerischen Tafeljura unter besonderer Gérard C. (1936) - Les fossiles Aaléniens du sud-est de la Berücksichtigung des Rhät und unteren Lias in den France conservés dans les collections de l’Institut de Nachbargebieten. Dissertation Universität Zürich: 1-155. Géologie de Nancy. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences de Callomon J.H. & Chandler R.B. (1990) - A review of the Nancy, 1936/9, 175-192. ammmonite horizons of the Aalenian-Lower Bajocian Greppin E. (1898) - Description des fossiles du Bajocien Stages in the Middle Jurassic of southern England. Mem. supérieur des environs de Båle. I Partie. Mém. Soc. paléont. Descr. Carta Geol. d’It., 40, 85-112. Suisse, 25, 1-52. Chapuis F. & Dewalque G. (1854) - Description des fossiles Haug É. (1886) - Note préliminaire sur les dépôts jurassiques des terrains secondaires de la province de Luxembourg. du Nord de l’Alsace. Bull. Soc. géol. France, 3 (14), 47-63. Mémoires Couronnées et Mémoires Savants Étrangers de Hochstetter E.W. v. (1897) - Die Klippe von St. Veit bei Wien. l’Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux Jahrbücher der Kaiserlich-Königlichen geologischen Arts de Belgique, 25 (1853), 1-325. Reichsanstalt, 47. Choffat P. (1880) - Etude stratigraphique et paléontologique Jeletzky J.A. (1980) - Dicoelitid belemnites from the Toarcian- des terrains jurassiques du Portugal. I Livr.: Le Lias et le Middle Bajocian of Western and Arctic Canada. Bulletin of Dogger au nord du Tage. Section des traveaux géologiques the Geological Survey of Canada, 338, 1-71. du Portugal. 72 pp., Lisbonne. Krimholz G. (1931) - Jurassic belemnites of the Crimea and Combémorel R., Doyle P., Mariotti N. & Santantonio M. Caucasus. Trans. Geol. Prospect, Serv. U.S.S.R., 76, 1-52. (1994a) - First description of Middle Jurassic belemnites Krimholz G. (1947) - Podclass Endocochlia [Subclass from the Caloveto Group (Calabria, southern Italy). Endocochlia], Ordo Decapoda, Podotrjad Belemnoidea. In Palaeopelagos Special Publication, 1, 43-52. Berg L., Krimholz G. Y., Moisseiev A., Mjatliuk E. V., Combémorel R., Fischer J.C. & Rioult M. (1994b) - Petrova G., Pchelinchev V., Riabinin A., Tchernyshev B., Holcobelus munieri, in Fischer J.C., Révision critique de la Sharapova E. & Yakovlev N. Atlas rukovodjashtchich form Paléontologie Française d’Alcide d’Orbigny, Vol. I, iskopaemoj fauny SSSR, 8 (Nizhnij i srednij otdely jurskoj Coléoïdes, 8-22, Mason Ed. sistema) [Atlas of the guide forms of fossil faunas of the Cresta S. (2002; ed.) - The palaeontological monument of USSR. 8 (Lower and Middle Jurassic)], 195-207. Monte Nerone (Umbria Marche Apennines). Post- Krimholz G. (1953) - Materials to the stratigraphy and fauna of Symposium Field Trip B3, General Field Trip Guidebook, the Lower and Middle Jurassic of the Caucasus [in 6th International Symposium on the Jurassic System, Russian]. Ucheniye Zapapiski Leningradskogo Palermo, 221-247. Geologicheskich Universiteta, 159, 25-58. Cresta S. & Galacz A. (1990) - Mediterranean basal Bajocian Krimholz G. (1958) - Podklass Endocochlia: in Luppov N.P. & ammonite faunas. Examples from Hungary and Italy. Mem. Drushchits V.V. (eds.), Osnovy Paleontologii. Molluski- Descr. Carta Geol. d’It., 40 (1990), 165-198. Golovonogie, 2, 145-178. Douville H. (1879) - Bayle: Explication de la Carte Kumm A. (1952) - Der Dogger (Mittlerer oder Brauner Jura). Géologique de la France. Vol. 4, Atlas. Bull. Soc. géol. In Schriften der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Gesell- France, sér. 3 (7), 91- 92. schaft zum Studium Niedersachsens. Geologie und Doyle P. (1987) - Lower Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous belemnite Lagerstätten Niedersachsens, vol. 2. Das Mesozoikum in biogeography and the development of the Mesozoic boreal Niedersachsen (Trias, Jura, Kreide). 186 pp. Dorn, realm. Palaeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Bremen. 61, 237-254. Laux N. (1921-1923) - Le Toarcien et l’Aalénien dans le Doyle P. (1992) - The British Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) Bassin d`Esch. L’Aalénien supérieur. Monatsberichte der belemnites. Part 2. Monograph of the Palaeont. Soc. Gesellschaft Luxemburger Naturfreunde (neue Serie), 15 London, 144 (1991), 50-79. (1921), 8-29, 16, 43-58 (1923). Doyle P. & Kelly S.R.A. (1988) - The Jurassic and Cretaceous Lepsius G.R. (1875) - Beiträge zur Kenntniss der belemnites of Kong Karls Land, Svalbard. Skrifter Norsk Juraformation im Unter-Elsass. Dissertation Universität Polarinstitut, 189, 1-77. Straßburg, 64 pp. Engelmann, Leipzig. Dubois R. (1976) - La suture Calabro-Apéninique et Lieb F. & Bodmer W. (1955) - Die Ammonitenhorizonte der l’ouverture Tyrrhénienne Néogène: étude pétrographique Murchisonaeschichten im Tafeljura des Oberen Baselbiets et structurale de la Calabre Centrale. Thèse, Université de und des Aargaus westlich der Aare. Eclogae geologicae 18 Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 MARIOTTI et al.

Helvetiae, 48, 491-501. Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon, 29, 1-351. Lissajous M. (1925) - Répertoire alphabétique des bélemnites Roger J. (1956) - Suos-classe des Dibranchiata Owen 1836. jurassiques précédé d`un essai de classification. Travaux (Coleoidea Waagen, Endocochlia Schwarz). In: Piviteau J. du Laboratoire de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de “Traité de paléontologie”, Masson & Cie Eds., 689-755, Lyon, 8, 1-173. Paris. Lucius M. (1945) - Die Luxemburger Minetteformation und Roman F. & Gennevaux M. (1912) - Étude sur les terrains die jüngeren Eisenerzbildungen unseres Landes. Beiträge jurassiques de la région du Pic Saint-Loup (Hérault). 1ème zur Geologie von Luxemburg (Publications du Service Fascicule. Jurassique inférieur et moyen (Lias, Aalénien, Géologique du Luxembourg). Service de la Carte Bajocien, Bathonien). 101 pp. Valat, Montpellier. Géologique de Luxembourg, 4, 1-350. Sachs V.N. & Nalnyaeva T.I. (1967) - The systematics of Lucius M. (1948) - Das Gutland. Erläuterungen zur Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites. (in Russian). In: Sachs geologischen Spezialkarte Luxemburgs. Publications du V.N. (Ed.), Problems of paleontologic substantation of Service Géologique du Luxembourg. Service de la Carte detailed Mesozoic stratigraphy of Siberia and the far East Géologique de Luxembourg, 5, 1-405. of USSR. Materials for the 2nd International Colloquium Mariotti N. (2003) - Systematics and taphonomy of an Early on the Jurassic System, Luxembourg, July 1967, 6-27, Kimmeridgian belemnite fauna from the Mediterranean Leningrad (Nauka). Tethys (Monte Nerone, Central Apennines, Italy). Geobios Sachs V.N. & Nalnjaeva T.I. (1970). Ranne-i sredneyurskie 36 (5), 603-623. belemnity severa SSSR. Nannobelinae, Passaloteuthinae i Maubeuge P.L. (1955) - Observations géologiques dans l’est Hastitidae [Lower and Middle Jurassic belemnites from the du Bassin de Paris. Vol. 1-2, 1-1082. Nancy (unpublished). northern USSR. Nannobelinae, Passaloteuthinae, and Noutzubidse K.S. (1966) - The Lower Jurassic fauna of the Hastitidae]. Trudy Instituta Geologiya i Geofizika Caucasus (in Russian). Trudy geol. Inst. Akad. Nauk gruz Sibirskoye Otdeleniye Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 110, 1-228. SSR (n. S.), 17, 1-675. Sachs V.N. & Nalnyaeva T.I. (1975) - Lower and Middle d’Orbigny A. (1842-50) - Paléontologie française. Térrains Jurassic belemnites of the Northern URSS. Megateuthinae jurassiques. v. 1. Céphalopodes (1842-49). Terrains and Pseudodicoelitinae. (In Russian). Trudy Inst. Geol. crétacés (1840-42). Masson edit, Paris. Geofiz. Sibirsk. Otdel Acad. Nauk SSSR, 239, 1-192. Pallini G., Elmi S. & Gasparri F. (2004) - Late Toarcian-Late Santantonio M. (1991) - Itinerario geologico nei terreni Aalenian ammonites assemblage from Mt. Magaggiaro mesozoici della Calabria nord-orientale, tra Longobucco, (Western Sicily, Italy). Geol. Romana, 37, 1-66. Bocchigliero e Caloveto. Guida all’Escursione del Petriconi V. (1971) - Zur Schwimmrichtung der Belemniten “Gruppo Giurassico”, 24-29 maggio 1991, 1-42. und Ökologie bohrender Cirripedier. Palaeogeography, Santantonio M. (1993) - Facies associations and evolution of Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 9, 133-147. pelagic carbonate platform/basin systems: examples from Phillips J. (1868) - A monograph of British Belemnitidae. the Italian Jurassic. Sedimentology, 40, 1039-1067. Palaeontographical Soc., 22, 87-108. Santantonio M., Galluzzo F.& Gill G. (1996) - Anatomy and Preda I. (1975) - Fauna de belemnitidi din doggerul de la Rosia palaeobathymetry of a Jurassic pelagic platform/basin (Muntii Padurea Craiului). St. Cerc. Geol. Geofis. Geogr. system. Rossa Mts, Central Apennines (Italy). Geological Geol., Acad Rep. Soc. Romania, 20 (2), 205-213. implications. Palaeopelagos, 6, 123-169. Prinz G. (1904) - Die Fauna der alteren Jurabildungenim Santantonio M. & Teale C.T. (1987) - An example of the use of nordostlichen Bakony. Mitt. Jb. Geol. Amst. , 15(1), 1-142. detrital episodes in elucidating complex basin histories: the Pugacewska H. (1961) - Belemnoids from the Jurassic of Caloveto and Longobucco Groups of N.E. Calabria, S. Poland. Acta Pal. Polon., 6, 105-236. Italy. In: Legget J.K. & Zuffa G.G. Marine clastic Riche A. (1904) - Étude stratigraphique et paléontologique sur sedimentology, 62-74. la zone à Lioceras concavum du Mont d’Or Lyonnais. Schlegelmilch R. (1998) - Die Belemniten des süddeutschen Annales de l’Université de Lyon (NS, 1, Science), 14, 1- Jura: ein Bestimmungsbuch für Geowissenschaftler und 221. Sammler. 151 pp. G. Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena. Riegraf W. (1980) - Revision der Belemniten des Schäbischen Schwegler E. (1938) - Über einige Formen aus der Jura. Palaeont. Abt. A, 169 (4/6), 128-208. Belemnitengattung Megateuthis Bayle und ihre Riegraf W. (1981) - Revision der Belemniten des stammesgeschichtliche Bedeutung. Zentralblatt für Schawabischen Jura, Teil 8. Palaeont. A, 173 (1-4), 64- Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie (Abt. B), 1938, 139. 460-475. Riegraf W., (1995) - Cephalopoda dibranchiata fossiles Schwegler E. (1965) - Revision der Belemniten des (Coleoidea). In: Westphal F. (Ed.), Fossilium Catalogus, I: Schwabischen Jura. Teil 4. Palaeont. A, 124, 75-116. Animalia. 133, 1-411. Schwegler E. (1971) - Revision der Belemniten des Riegraf W. Janssen N. & Schmitt-Riegraf C. (1998) - Schwäbischen Jura. Teil 6. Palaeont. A, 138, 81-129. Cephalopoda dibranchiata fossiles (Coleoidea) II. In: Stolley E. (1919) - Die Systematik der Belemniten. Westphal F. (Ed.), Fossilium Catalogus Animalia. 135, 1- Niedersächs. Geol. Verein, Jahresb., 11, 1-59. 519. Stolley E. (1927) - Zur Systematik und Stratigraphie median Roché P. (1939) - Aalénien et Bajocien du Mâconnais et de gefurchter Belemniten. Niedersächs. Geol. Ver. Hannover quelques régions voisines. Travaux du Laboratoire de (Geol. Abt. d. Natuhistor. Gesellsch. Hannover) Jahresb, AALENIAN-EARLY BAJOCIAN BELEMNITE ASSEMBLAGE ... Geologica Romana 40 (2007), 1-19 19

20, 111-136. Weis R. (1999) - Die Belemniten der Minette-Formation (ob. Stoyanova-Vergilova M. (1982) - On the palaeobiogeo- Toarcium-ob. Aalenium) Luxemburgs. In Delsate D., graphical importance of the Early and Middle Jurassic Duffin C. & Weis R. (eds.), Les collections paléontolo- belemnites, distributed in Bulgaria. Geologica Balc., 12, giques du Musée national d`histoire naturelle de 37-50. Luxembourg. Fossiles du Trias et du Jurassique. Travaux Stoyanova-Vergilova M. (1985) - Naylkoko Aalenski i Bajoski Scientifiques du Musée national d`histoire naturelle de Belemnopsidae ot Bulgariya [Several Aalenian and Luxembourg, 32, 207-246. Bajocian Belemnopsidae in Bulgaria]. Godishnik na Weis R. (2006) - Bélemnites (Cephalopoda, Coleoidea) du Sifijskija Universitet “Kliment Ochridski” (Geologo- Bajocien de Rumelange (Luxembourg). Bulletin de la Geografski Fakultet), 75 (1981), 39-48. Société des Naturalistes luxembourgeois, 106, 151-165. Stoyanova-Vergilova M. (1990) - An attempt for a correlation Weis R. & Gross N. (2005) - Les bélemnites. In: Descamps J.- of belemnites with Bajocian ammonite zones in Bulgaria. P., Fayard J.-P., Felten R., Gross N., Haas R., Lajournade Mem. Descr. Carta Geol. d’It., 40, 269-280. J.-B, Lathuilière B., Soirfeck E., Temporelli J.-L., Vailly G. Stoyanova-Vergilova M. (1993). Yurska sistema: Belemnitida. & Weis R. (eds.), Fossiles et minéraux de la carrière In Fossilite na Bulgaria. IIIa. [Le Jurassique. Belemnitida. d’Ottange-Rumelange. 152 pp. Association lorraine In Les fossiles de Bulgarie. IIIa]. 212 pp. Bulgarskoto amateur de géologie, Thionville; Amis de la géologie, Akademija na Naukite, Sofia. minéralogie et paléontologie, Bous. Teale C.T. (1985) - Occurrence and geological significance of Weis R. & Mariotti N. (in press) - A belemnite fauna from the olistoliths from the Longobucco Group, Calabria, Southern Aalenian-Bajocian boundary beds of the Grand Duchy of Italy, Abstr. 6th. Europ. Meeting Int. Ass. Sedimentol. Luxembourg (NE Paris Basin). Boll. Soc. Paleont. Ital. Lerida, 457-458. Werveke L. van (1901) - Profile zur Gliederung des reichslän- Teale C.T. & Young J.R. (1987) - Isolated olistoliths from the dischen Lias u. Doggers und Anleitung zu einigen geologi- Longobucco Basin, Calabria, Southern Italy. In: Legget schen Ausflügen in den lothringisch-luxemburgischen J.K. & Zuffa G.C. (Eds.): Marine clastic Sedimentology, Jura. Mitteilungen der Geologischen Landesanstalt von 75-88. Elsass-Lothringen, 5 (1901-1905)/3, 165-246. Venturi F. (1982) - Ammoniti Liassico dell’Appennino Zieten C.H. v. (1830-1833) - Die Versteinerungen centrale., 1-104, Tibergraph, Città di Castello (PG). Württembergs. Heft 1-12. 102 pp. Expedition des Werkes Venturi F. & Ferri R. (2001) - Ammoniti liassici del- Unserer Zeit, Stuttgart. l’Appennino Centrale, 1-272, Tibergraph, Città di Castello Zuffa G.G. (1980) - Hybrid arenites: their composition and (PG). classification. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 50, 21- Voltz P. (1830) - Observations sur les Bélemnites. Mém. Soc 29. hist. nat. Strasbourg, 1, 1-70. Zürcher P. (1891) - Note sur les zones de plissement de Young J.R., Teale C.T. & Brown P.R. (1986) - Revision of the Salernes et d’Aups. Bull. Soc. géol. France, 19 (3), 1178- stratigraphy of the Longobucco Group (Liassic, southern 1201. Italy); based on new data from nannofossils and ammonites. Eclog. geol. Helv., 79, 117-135. Waldeck H. (1975) - Geologische Karte von Niedersachsen 1:25 000, Erläuterungen zu Blatt Eschershausen, 4023, 1- Accettato per la stampa: Ottobre 2007 189. Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung, Hannover.