DOCSLIB.ORG

Prejudicial Preferences: the Discriminatory Selection Practices of Colby's Greek Letter Societies Title Slide/Introduction: Sl

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prejudicial Preferences: the Discriminatory Selection Practices of Colby's Greek Letter Societies Title Slide/Introduction: Sl Prejudicial Preferences: The Discriminatory Selection Practices of Colby’s Greek Letter Societiesi By: Katie Daigle Title Slide/Introduction: From their establishment in the 1840s, until their abolishment in 1984, many Colby fraternities and sororities boasted academic, philanthropic, and extracurricular excellence, as well as unity through “brother-” and “sister-hood.” Yet, despite this projected image, certain fraternities and sororities implemented both overt and subtle exclusionary practices, oftentimes selecting or denying student membership on a basis of race, religion, or ethnicity. Through prominent social influence, Colby’s fraternal system consequently formulated an unspoken, yet palpable, understanding of what acceptable racial, religious, and ethnic “excellence” was to be, fracturing, rather than unifying, the student body. Slide Two: Fraternity and Sorority Overview Between Delta Kappa Epsilon’s establishment in 1846, and the Board of Trustees’ decision to abolish fraternities in 1984, Colby College had eleven fraternities and five sororities, all of which were founded at different times throughout that period. At their nascence, each fraternity and sorority began as an informal society, such as a literary or debate society. Wanting more recognition and privilege, the organization could find and send a membership petition to a national fraternity/sorority whose interests aligned with its own. If the petition was accepted, the society became a fraternal “local chapter,” functioning underneath the “national chapter’s” policies and oversight, as the slide indicates. E.g. o In 1892, Colby’s “Beta Epsilon Society” – an informal student group – petitioned to “Alpha Tau Omega” (ATΩ), a national fraternity, for membership. Once ATΩ accepted the petition, “Beta Epsilon” became the “Gamma Alpha” local chapter of ATΩ, “Gamma Alpha” working underneath ATΩ’s direction. Slide Three: Rushing Process In order to induct new members, fraternities and sororities would hold a “rushing season,” of which would take place the first semester of each academic year. Rushing period would begin with informational events hosted by Colby’s fraternity and sorority student oversight committees – the “Inter-fraternity Council” (IFC) for the fraternities, the “Panhellenic Council” for the sororities. The informational sessions were open to all interested “rushees,”1 and outlined the general rules of “open rush” (first session) and “closed rush” (second session). Overall, each informational session was relatively formal, as one Panhellenic brochure required each “rushee” to wear “wool or cotton dresses.” 1 Rushees: Students, generally underclassmen, who were interested in either fraternity or sorority membership, but had not yet pledged or been inducted into a fraternity/sorority. Slide Four: Open Rush “Open rush” was essentially a week of fraternity/sorority open houses. Each night, fraternities and sororities would hold low-key, non-exclusionary parties from 4-5pm, with fraternities hosting “smokers,” and sororities hosting “open teas.” As one Panhellenic handout outlines, “open rush” allowed indecisive “rushees” to learn the basic characteristics of a fraternity or sorority “socially, [civically], and culturally…[and] the personality of the [members], individuality and as a group.” “Open rush” thus provided fraternities and sororities a chance to demonstrate their society’s basic character. Slide Five: Closed Rush After “open rush,” “closed rush” began. Throughout “closed rush,” fraternities and sororities would host private parties, inviting approximately 45 “rushees” that the society would potentially consider for membership; if a “rushee” was not invited to a specific fraternity’s/sorority’s closed party, he/she could not bid to that specific fraternity/sorority. “Closed rush” consequently provided an opportunity for each fraternity/sorority to impress “rushees,” in hopes that the “rushees” would – in turn – “bid” or choose their fraternity/sorority. Yet, closed parties also allowed fraternity and sorority members to analyze each “rushee’s” character and personality. Thus, at that point in the process, each fraternity’s/sorority’s exclusionary policies were in full swing, demonstrating each step’s increase in selectivity. Slide Six: Preferential Bidding At the end of “closed rush,” bidding occurred – the processes differing between sororities and fraternities. With regard to sororities, each “rushee” would submit a “bid” – a declaration of intent to join a specific sorority – including the “rushee’s” first and second preference. The accepted bids were passed out the following day, and were to be accepted or denied by the “rushee” almost immediately. Rather than “bidding,” each fraternity gave a council of three, non-fraternity-associated, faculty members twelve envelopes, including invitations for fraternity membership and corresponding acceptance cards. After the invites had been passed out, the “rushees” had a period of four days to consider the invitation. Throughout the four day period, fraternity members could not approach “rushees,” allowing for unprejudiced decision making. Afterwards, the “rushees” would pass in their acceptance cards to the council, indicating their concrete interest in joining a specific fraternity. If a fraternity did not meet its membership quota after the cards had been collected, a fraternity could invite additional “rushees” to fulfill their quota. Other notes: • Analyzing Selectivity Power: o Rushees: Throughout the initial “open rush” period, “rushees” had the power to demonstrate their interest in specific fraternities/sororities. At that point, “rushees” had relative power, as fraternities and sororities needed interested potential members. Similarly, within the bidding/accepting of invitations period, “rushees” decided with which fraternity/sorority he/she would join, yielding selective power. o Fraternities/Sororities: While “rushees” maintained a certain measure of power, fraternities and sororities ultimately had the most selective authority. Through “closed rush,” fraternities/sororities could preliminarily weed out the “rushees” they would ultimately deny by not sending an invitation. However, then selecting just 45 “rushees,” fraternities/sororities could better understand who, from that bunch, they would select or deny. Then, throughout the bidding/invitation process, fraternities and sororities had the power to deny/accept bids or decide to whom to send an invitation, subsequently determining who would be initiated into the society. Slide Seven: Four Types of Discrimination In looking through the material, there appear to be four concrete forms of discrimination: explicit policies, implicit policies, recommendation systems, and “mutually acceptable” clauses. These various forms functioned on an individual, local, and national prejudicial basis. Other Types of Discrimination to Consider: • Blackballing: within this selection practice, a fraternity/sorority member would place his/her hand into a box of white chips and black balls – white signifying “yes” and black “no.” While numbers varied from one society to the next, to give an individual more than the acceptable number of black balls rejected – or “blackballed” – a fraternal candidate. “Blackballing” thus functioned largely on a basis of individual bias and prejudice. However, individual discriminatory sentiments most likely aligned with the “local” and/or the “national” chapter’s policies, considering members often joined a society with like principles. • Ritual: one may interpret ritual as a discriminatory form, as religious ritual may have dissuaded individuals of differing faiths from joining religiously-affiliated fraternities or sororities. Yet, ritual is a very gray area. Throughout the 1960s, many individuals on the local and national chapter level argued to Colby’s administration that ritual was characteristic of the chapter’s founding principles, and that individuals of varying faith were generally aware of each society’s religious creed. Therefore, ritual was a relatively gray zone, viewed either as an aspect of group unity, or, rather, a discriminatory practice. Slide Eight: Explicit Discrimination In explicit policies, the language clearly outlined membership expectations, particularly in regards to race, religion, and ethnicity. Explicit policies were most commonly found in a Greek letter society’s constitution or membership bylaws. As a national chapter usually formulated a society’s constitution, discriminatory explicit policies were usually designated on the national level, and enforced on the local level. As an example, the pictured constitution was circulated by the fraternity’s national chapter – Kappa Delta Rho – rather than the local chapter – Xi. Thus, the national chapter dictated the local chapter’s policies. Slide Nine: Explicit Policies in Kappa Delta Rho Kappa Delta Rho’s 1926 constitution reads as follows: As Christian gentlemen, men of honor and high ideals, members are expected to be tolerant of the rights and beliefs of others and never indulge in snobbishness. The active members of a chapter shall be duly enrolled undergraduate male white Gentile students of the institution where the chapter is located (emphasis mine). As pictured, Kappa Delta Rho’s constitutional language bluntly indicates a member must be white and Christian. Further, the use of “Gentile” implies the exclusion of individuals of the Jewish faith. Consequently, Kappa Delta Rho’s policies were as religiously explicit as it they were racially,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phi Beta Delta and Rituals' Rewards
    International Research and Review, Journal of Phi Beta Delta Honor Society Volume 9, Number 1, Fall 2019 for International Scholars Editor's Note: The following article is reprinted (with updated format and editing) from the archives of the Phi Beta Delta International Review, Volume VII, Spring 1998, pp. 75-86. The International Review is the predecessor of the current publication. It is re-printed here to provide international educators with an historical view of scholarship on honor societies. Phi Beta Delta and Rituals’ Rewards Guillermo De Los Reyes University of Houston Paul Rich Policy Studies Organization The growth of Phi Beta Delta cannot be attributed to any one cause. World interest in globalization and in cultural and education exchanges, along with the happy coincidence of a number of enthusiastic leaders, is certainly part of the explanation. However, it was the decision that it should be a Greek honorary society with the accompanying rituals of the Greek tradition which was a fateful for its success.1 Injunctions to chapters to have a meaningful induction ceremony take on more weight when Phi Beta Delta is put into historic perspective as an organization with ritual - not an enormous amount, but then, like garlic, a little goes a long way. Although Greek academic societies are not nearly as concerned with ritual as are other ritualistic organizations such as, the Freemans, the Shriners, or the DeMolay, their success owes something to the medals, mottos and shields. What would Phi Beta Kappa be without its key? Organizations with ritual often fare better than those without. It is an unpleasant corollary, but makes the point, to recall that the segregationist White Citizens’ Councils members with their business suits never achieved the success of the Ku Klux Klan with its hoods and flowing robes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Thesis Entitled Development and Consolidation of the University Of
    A Thesis entitled Development and Consolidation of the University of Toledo Greek Life Governing Councils: 1915-2006 by Alexandra Marie White Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Education Degree in Higher Education _________________________________________ Dr. Snejana Slantcheva-Durst, Committee Chair _________________________________________ Dr. David L. Meabon, Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Ron Opp , Committee Member _________________________________________ Dr. Patricia R. Komuniecki, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo May 2015 Copyright 2015, Alexandra Marie White This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of Development and Consolidation of the University of Toledo Greek Life Governing Councils: 1915-2006 by Alexandra Marie White Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Education Degree in Higher Education The University of Toledo May 2015 Since the 18th century fraternities and sororities have been an integral part of extracurricular life on college campuses. Even though there are many different fraternities and sororities, each aims to provide friendship, leadership, and professional development to its members (King, 2004).The rich history of Greek organizations has played an important role in the development of student life at The University of Toledo, where fraternities have been present since October of 1915, when the Cresset society was formed (History of the Cresset Fraternity, n.d.). However, throughout the years the University of Toledo Greek community has adapted and consolidated in order to ensure survival while remaining a vital component on campus.
    [Show full text]
  • Mystery and Benevolence
    MYSTERY AND BENEVOLENCE MASONIC AND ODD FELLOWS FOLK ART FROM THE KENDRA AND ALLAN DANIEL COLLECTION A K–12 Teacher’s Guide AMERICAN FOLK ART MUSEUM 2 LINCOLN SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY (COLUMBUS AVE. BETWEEN 65TH AND 66TH STS.) WWW.FOLKARTMUSEUM.ORG MYSTERY AND BENEVOLENCE: MASONIC AND ODD FELLOWS FOLK ART FROM THE KENDRA AND ALLAN DANIEL COLLECTION A K–12 Teacher’s Guide AMERICAN FOLK ART MUSEUM Education Department 2 Lincoln Square (Columbus Avenue between 65th and 66th Streets) New York, NY 10023 212. 595. 9533, ext. 381 [email protected] www.folkartmuseum.org First edition © 2016 CONTENTS Development Team 3 About the Exhibition 4 Educator’s Note 5 How to Use This Guide 6 Teaching from Images and Objects 7 New York State Learning Standards 9 Lesson Plans MASONIC APPLIQUÉ QUILT 11 MASONIC SIGN AND CHEST LID WITH MASONIC PAINTING 15 INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS TRACING BOARD AND ODD FELLOWS PAPER CUT 21 MARIE-HENRIETTE HEINIKEN (MME. DE XAINTRAILLES) (?–1818) 27 FRATERNAL APRON 31 Masonic Symbol Glossary 35 Resources 37 Visiting the American Folk Art Museum 38 DEVELOPMENT TEAM Project Director Rachel Rosen Director of Education, American Folk Art Museum, New York Principal Writer Nicole Haroutunian Educator and Writer, New York Exhibition Co-curators Stacy C. Hollander Deputy Director for Curatorial Affairs, Chief Curator, and Director of Exhibitions, American Folk Art Museum, New York Aimee E. Newell Director of Collections, Scottish Rite Masonic Museum & Library, Lexington, MA Editorial & Design Staff Megan Conway Director of Publications and Website, American Folk Art Museum, New York Kate Johnson Graphic Designer and Production Manager, American Folk Art Museum, New York Photography All photos by José Andrés Ramírez Cover Image: Independent Order of Odd fellows Inner Guard Robe (detail), the Ward-Stilson Company, New London, Ohio, 1875–1925, velvet, cotton, and metal, 37 x 23 in., American Folk Art Museum, gift of Kendra and Allan Daniel, 2015.1.153.
    [Show full text]
  • Masonic and Odd Fellows Halls (Left) on Main Street, Southwest Harbor, C
    Masonic and Odd Fellows Halls (left) on Main Street, Southwest Harbor, c. 1911 Knights ofPythias Hall, West Tremont Eden Parish Hall in Salisbury Cove, which may have been a Grange Hall 36 Fraternal Organizations on Mount Desert Island William J. Skocpol The pictures at the left are examples of halls that once served as centers of associational life for various communities on Mount Desert Island. Although built by private organizations, they could also be used for town meetings or other civic events. This article surveys four differ­ ent types of organizations on Mount Desert Island that built such halls - the Masons, Odd Fellows, Grange, and Knights of Pythias - plus one, the Independent Order of Good Templars, that didn't. The Ancient Free & Accepted Masons The Masons were the first, and highest status, of the "secret societies" present in Colonial America. The medieval guilds of masons, such as those who built the great cathedrals, were organized around a functional craft but also sometimes had "Accepted" members who shared their ide­ als and perhaps contributed to their wealth. As the functional work de­ clined, a few clusters of ''Accepted" masons carried on the organization. From these sprang hundreds of lodges throughout the British Isles, well documented by the early 1700s. The first lodge in Massachusetts (of which Maine was then a part) was founded at Boston in 1733, and the ensuing Provincial Grand Lodge chartered the Falmouth Lodge in 1769. Another Grand Lodge in Boston with roots in Scotland chartered the second Maine Lodge, War­ ren Lodge in Machias, in 1778. Its charter was signed by Paul Revere.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpha Epsilon Phi Mission Statement
    Alpha Epsilon Phi Mission Statement Irrepleviable Derby still insalivated: wage-earning and adagio Heinz memorializes quite intimately but swimming her apprentice skimpily. LemmiePalaeozoological jib virulently, and hemilk lean Thornton his goatherd systematised very tasselly. her anatomist nebulised sordidly or amazed unhurtfully, is Franky world-beater? Slate Elmers glue using a statement: undergraduate cultures from www. Their colors are based upon its members have split along with local fundraising campaigns, statements that arise within our website today is. We welcome to. Their goal of alpha phis are. Az closed to visually make a group discounts on standards of a heavily in gold. Names of today, statements guide for jewish environment that last the condor carnival, and encourages our members to our. Subsequently he said alpha epsilon phi has a statement: academic excellence in its members, statements and after a diverse women. Jewish clubs and statements, kappa phi while building a comfortable home for their colors to come before being, and hard rock hotel. Nasa intern ultimately plans on the fraternity is relatively new password link to our site created and technical studies at the fraternity as embodied by and professional! Being alpha phi disc charm necklace from the mission statement, statements and demonstrate an alpha kappa at stephens college? Moving forward to seek to the two local scope, or cob recruitment through research, sigma alpha epsilon. Your alpha epsilon pi, statements guide men who are responsible broadcasting instruction at adrian college fraternity? We strive to alpha epsilon pi is committed to achieve this mission. Throughout the mission statement: to get off this common set the best they all times of! Welcome exemplary women that time and cultural background with ideas from cancer.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diamond of Psi Upsilon Dec 1883
    The Diamond. Vol. III. DECEMBER, 1883. No. BOARD OF EDITORS: DOW BEEKMAN, . Editor-in-Chief. Wallace T. Foote, Jr. J. Montgomery Mosher. GEORGE F. ALLISON, Business Manager. associate editors : A.�Amory T. Skerry, Jr. Z.�Louis Bell. S.�W. E. Rowell. 0.�T. M. Hammond. B.� F. R. Shipman. A.�'W. H. Wetmore. T.�C. A. Strong. n.�Arthur Copeland. S.�H. B. Gardner. K.�J. S. Norton. L�R. H. Peters. X.�T. S. Williams. r.�W. C. Atwater. �i:�E. M. Barber. $.�W. E. Brownlee. BB.�W. D. McCrackan. Qc^iforiaf. the well-defined purpose of stimulating the Fraternity spirit of those whose many years of business cares have given little time for the renewal of old associa Since Fraternities have arisen to that dignity and tions. To the accomplishment of this purpose Gradu prominence that insures their permanence, it is in ate Organizations are the most effectual aids. cumbent upon every member and every Chapter to endeas^or to keep alive the fraternal feeling and to draw inter-Fraternity lines closer. Now the influence By this time nearly all our chapters have held their of a Fraternity extends beyond the atmosphere of the initiations, and the Fraternity has within her fold a Chapter and College, and is recognized in the world. large number of new men�new in college and new in This is more noticeable every year. The Fraternity is Psi Upsilon. It is an important period in the life of no longer merely the object for the enthusiasm of the men, and the time for the exercise of an important boys in College, but is a body to whom venerable duty by the Fraternity�that of educating the new men^� Divines, Authors, Judges, Governors, Senators members.
    [Show full text]
  • Sigma Pi Phi, Beta Psi Boulé; Records Apap333
    Sigma Pi Phi, Beta Psi Boulé; Records apap333 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 26, 2021. M.E. Grenander Department of Special Collections & Archives Sigma Pi Phi, Beta Psi Boulé; Records apap333 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Administrative History ................................................................................................................................... 3 Scope and Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Arrangement of the Collection ...................................................................................................................... 5 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 5 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 7 Collection Inventory ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Administration ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Relationship Between Fraternal Organizations and the University of Michigan: an Organizational Analysis Devin Berghorst
    Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Master's Theses, and Doctoral Dissertations, and Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations Graduate Capstone Projects 2019 Exploring the relationship between fraternal organizations and the University of Michigan: An organizational analysis Devin Berghorst Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.emich.edu/theses Part of the Educational Leadership Commons, and the Higher Education Administration Commons Recommended Citation Berghorst, Devin, "Exploring the relationship between fraternal organizations and the University of Michigan: An organizational analysis" (2019). Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations. 989. https://commons.emich.edu/theses/989 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses, and Doctoral Dissertations, and Graduate Capstone Projects at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running head: FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS AND U-M Exploring the Relationship Between Fraternal Organizations and the University of Michigan: An Organizational Analysis by Devin Berghorst Dissertation Submitted to the College of Education Eastern Michigan University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Educational Leadership Dissertation Committee: Elizabeth Broughton, EdD, Chair James Barott, PhD Ronald Flowers, EdD Robert Orrange, PhD April 22, 2019 Ypsilanti, Michigan FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS AND U-M ii Dedication: To Liz, Grayson, and Ripley: I love you so much. Thank you for everything you have sacrificed to allow me to complete this journey. To Mary Beth Seiler: You have had an incredible impact on me, and without you, I don’t know where I would be right now.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT BARR, KRISPIN WAGONER. the Historical Legacy of a Secret Society at Duke University
    ABSTRACT BARR, KRISPIN WAGONER. The Historical Legacy of a Secret Society at Duke University (1913-1971): Cultural Hegemony and the Tenacious Ideals of the “Big Man on Campus.” (Under the direction of Dr. Audrey Jaeger). Collegiate secret societies, as distinguished from Greek-letter fraternal organizations, enjoyed prominence within many American campus communities from the early nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century (Baird, 1879; Hitchcock, 1863; Slosson, 1910; Veysey, 1965). The establishment of these elite groups preceded the maturation of university administrative structures responsible for managing students’ extracurricular life, as well as the mass democratization of American higher education which occurred after World War II (Rudolph, 1990; Cohen, 2010). The presence of prestigious secret societies is documented and celebrated in college yearbooks and newspapers, reflecting a period in higher education’s past when the hegemony of the white, male prevailed in student culture and fostered the composite ideal of the “Big Man on Campus” (“B.M.O.C.”) – the handsome varsity athlete, fraternity man, and club president destined for success in American public life. Although collegiate secret societies “disappeared” on many campuses in the Civil Rights Era amidst accusations of elitism and reactions against established white, Anglo- Saxon Protestant norms, their legacy lingers into the twenty-first century, along with many unanswered questions about their historical role as a source of student power on campus. Their roots can be traced to the prestigious all-male boarding schools of the Northeastern United States in the late nineteenth century where patterns of upper-class masculine socialization developed. Due to a dearth of historical research on this topic, however, institutional leaders are challenged to understand the origins, purpose, and legacy of this type of student association that still holds meaning for students and other stakeholders in some campus communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Stephen Leacock
    ! Torch$Essay$ Submission$ 2014& Stephen&Leacock:&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Internationally&Renowned&Humorist&and&Economist&&&&&&&& but&Lesser&Known&Zete& Barth&H.&Gillan&(ΑΨ&‘85)& An&investigation&of&the&life&of&Stephen&Leacock&(ΘΞ&‘91),&one&of&Canada’s&foremost& humorists&and&economists&of&the&20th&century.&After&a&brief&biography&(part&1),&this&essay& focuses&on&a&review&of&Leacock’s&connections&to&the&Zeta&Psi&Fraternity&(part&2)&and&his& noteworthy&accomplishments&&&distinctions&(part&3).&Included&is&an&appendix&(part&4)& containing&some&of&Leacock’s&most&significant&and&influential&published&works.& The$Torch$of$Zeta$Psi$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$TheTorch@ZetaPsi.org$$ Zeta$Psi$Fraternity,$Inc.$$$$$$$$$$$$15$South$Henry$St.$Pearl$River,$NY$10965$ Stephen Leacock: Internationally renowned humorist and economist but lesser known Zete Barth H. Gillan, Alpha Psi ‘85 May 1, 2014 The Torch of Zeta Psi Gillan,Page1 Stephen Leacock: Internationally renowned humorist and economist but lesser known Zete Stephen P.H. Butler Leacock is without doubt Canada’s most famous humorist, as well as one of its highly respected economists and educators, of the 20th century. He was a prolific writer in both subject fiction and non-fiction and invited to travel around the globe for speaking engagements, usually on subjects in the field of economics, but always with the witty and satirical style that made him famous. As such, he has been identified as a member- of-note in the annals of Zeta Psi. So why is it that, outside of fraternity materials, Leacock does not mention and is not associated publicly with Zeta Psi Fraternity? At the time of this research, Zeta Psi is celebrating 135 years of operating in Canada (coincidentally, the 145th anniversary of Leacock’s birth and the 70th anniversary of his death) so this paper will explore a little more about the man AND the Canadian Zete.
    [Show full text]
  • American College Fraternities Volume 01
    Google Baird's manual of American college fraternities William Raimond Baird BADGES OF THE CHAPTERED FRATERNITIES. AMERICAN COLLEGE FRATERNITIES: A DESCKIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIETY SYSTEM IN THE COLLEGES OF THE UNITED STATES, WITH A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF EACH FRATERNITY. BY WM. RAIMOND BAIRD. PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. London : 16 Southampton Street, Covent Garden. 1879. v- \j „ CASE ft Copyright, 1879, by Wm. Baimond Baird. • • • • • • • ••"•• • •• • • •• • ••.••>•••••• • ••• « • •• • ••••• •••••• • ' PEEFAOE. The author of this book is a member of one of the college fraternities. Having occasion to make inquiries in regard to one of these organizations, he was surprised to learn that there was no general repository of facts in regard to them, that few of their members knew more than the names of those with which they had come into contact, and that the majority were ignorant alike, of the origin, principles, history, and customs of any of the fraternities, oftentimes their own included. This lack of knowledge has arisen not from the desire to know nothing of other organizations, nor from indifference to the affairs of their neighbors, but from the fact that information of this kind had never been brought together in a convenient shape. An endeavor has been made to make this book a vehicle of such information. In seeking material the author has in general met with the hearty co-operation of the fraternities themselves, and with few exceptions all facilities have been placed at his disposal. Nothing is here given to the public that an intelligent observer could not ascertain, and no attempt has been made to lay bare any of the so-called secrets of the college societies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nature of Inclusivity and Exclusivity of Social Greek-Letter Organizations
    Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Master's Theses, and Doctoral Dissertations, and Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations Graduate Capstone Projects 2017 The an ture of inclusivity and exclusivity of social Greek letter organizations on college campuses: A case study, Eastern Michigan University Casey J. Krone Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/theses Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Krone, Casey J., "The an ture of inclusivity and exclusivity of social Greek letter organizations on college campuses: A case study, Eastern Michigan University" (2017). Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations. 739. http://commons.emich.edu/theses/739 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses, and Doctoral Dissertations, and Graduate Capstone Projects at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Nature of Inclusivity and Exclusivity of Social Greek-Letter Organizations on College Campuses: A Case Study, Eastern Michigan University by Casey Jordan Krone Dissertation Submitted to the College of Education Eastern Michigan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Educational Leadership Dissertation Committee: Ronald Flowers, Chair James Barott Elizabeth Broughton Robert Orange July 2017 Ypsilanti, Michigan Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to the women of the J.P.N., to trailblazing women everywhere, and especially to Mom, Grandma Jordan, and Grandma in Tennessee. Thank you for all of the sacrifices you have made so that I could have this experience.
    [Show full text]