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A Study of the Irish Cattle and Beef Industries

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THE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE A Study of the Irish Cattle and Beef Industries TERENCE J. BAKER, I~,O.BERT O’CONNOR, RORY DUNNE 2 JULY, 1973 PAPER No. 7 THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE COUNCIL 197~-73 *T. K. WHITAKER, ~+.sc. (Eta.,+.), D.eCO+’+.SC.. president of the Imtitute. *G. O’BRI EN, 1>.u’rr., Ll’i’r.l)., Chairman of~ Cotmnil. T.J. BARI*,INGTON, Director, Institute of Publio Administration. *J. P. BEDDY, D.mCO.W.SC., U..O. (H.C.). R. D. C. BLACK. PIl.l:+., Professor, Departnlent of l’~onomios, The Queen’s University, Bdfoat. *F. B. CHLIBB, sl.^., o.pmt+.. Professor, Department of Political Scienxe, Tdnity College, Dublin. VERY REV. i~. CREGAN. c.~., President, St. Patrick’s "l-raining College, Drumtandra, Dublin. G. DEAN. M.D.. I’.a.C.p., Director, Medico-Social Research Board. REV. pETER I)EMPSE’t. O.P.M.C, AP., ~ .a., PH.D., Professor, Departmenl of Applied Psychology, Unit,ersity College, Cork. N.J. 13,1BSON, a.sc. (e+¢o.~.), VH.D.. Professor, Department of I~onomies, The avow Universi(v of Ulater, Color^inc. *~V. A. HONOHAN. St.^., e.Lm., Secretary, Department of Social [Vdfare. *THE MOST RI’~V. JAMES IGXVANAGlt. ~t.^.. s.’r.L.. Biahop of Z.erta. *KIERAN A. KI’2NNEDY. sI.F.cox.sc.. ,.PmL., PH.I).. Director of the htstit~ae. IVOR KENNY. M.^., Director. In~*h iI,Ianagernent Institute. T. P. LINEHAN. o.E.. o.sc.. Director. Central Stalistics Office. P. LYNCH, st./+., Associate Professor of Political I~onomy, Uniuersity College, Dublin. CHARLES McCARTHY, n.L.. Chairman, Human Sciences Committee. *M. D. McCARTHY. st.^.. Ptl.l~., o.sc., President, Unieersity College, Cork. J, J+ McELL[GO’[7". ,~t,A,. t+t+.t~,. Past President of the Institute. G. A. M EAGH E R, n.co~txt.. D.P.A.. Deputy Secret^or, IJepartment of I~al Gol:ernmeat. *J. F. MEENAN, sl.^., a.L., Profes+or of Political l~onomv, UniL+ersity Collegej Dublin. * C. H. M U R RA "V Secretary, Department of Finance, J. C. NAGLE, m.cosIM. I). N EVI N. Assismnl General Secrelary, Irish Congress of Trade Unions. RIGHT REV. MONSIGNOR .J. NEWMAN, ~.^., D.VlI.. President, St. Patrick’s College, Ma),noolk. TADHG 0 CEARBHAILL, Setaeta~y, Department of Labour. R EV. 1~. F. O’DOI’[ ER’I~’, M.^.. ti.D., P tl.O.. Professor, I)epartment of Logio and Powhology, University College, Dublin. D. P. O’MAHONY. M.^.. I’n.o.. n.t+., Professor, Department of Economies, O’nit¢ersity College, Cork. LABFIRAS 0 NLIALLA| N. o.gcoN.sc.. Professor of F+conomies, Unlrwrsity College. Galway. *~V..1. I,+ RYAN, :a.^., vH.r+., Professor of Politltal Economy Trlnitv College, Dublin. P. G. SI’IERRY. ~l.SC.. PH.D.. Confederation ofIrigh Indua~y. T. WALSH. D.SC., Dire^or, An Foras Taluntais. *Memlx~ of Executive Committee. A Study 9f the Irish Cattle and Beef Industries , t .i Copies of thi~ paper may be obtained from the Economic and Social Research Institute, 4, Burlington Road, Dublin 4. Price £2.oo (Spedat rau for svadenu £ ~.oo) Robert O’Connor is a Senior Research Professor and Terence .Baker is a Senior Research Officer with the Economic and Social Research Insti’tu.te. Rory Dunne, formerly a Research Assistant with ESRI, is presently Market Research Officer with the Irish IAves,tock and Meat Board. The paper has been accepted for publi~tion by the Institute, v~hieh is not respomi.ble for either the content or the views expressed .therein. A Study of the Irish Cattle and Beef Industries TERENCE J. BAKER ROBERT O’CONNOR RORY DUNNE © ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH IN’STI’TUTE DUBLIN, 1973 CONTENTS Page ,Acknowledgements 9 Introduction i " lI Chapter [. THE WORLD MEAT SITUATION ’ Production, Consumption, World Trade in Meat, Types of Meat Chapter 2. BEEF AND VEAL: THE INTERNATIONAL BACK- GROUND Production of Beef and Veal, Exports of Carcase Beef and Veal, Projections for Beef and Veal Chapter 3" THE MARKET SITUATION FOR BEEF AND VEAL 41 USA, United Kingdom, The EEC Market: France, Belgium, Italy, West Germany, The Netherlands Chapter 4. IRISH CATTLE PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL 6i Cattle Output, Disposal of Output, Live Exports, Dead Meat Exports, Domestic Consumption of Beef, Breeds of Cattle Chapter 5. THE IRISH FRESH MEAT INDUSTRY 87 Transport, EEC Tariffs, Seasonality of Supply, Factory Throughput and Capacity, Effect of Price Seasonality, Competition from Live Exports, Economic Coniribution of the Fresh Meat Industry, Case for the Live Trade, Marketing Structure Chapter 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS LIST OF TABLES Table I.I Estimated Average Annual Consumption of Meat Per Person in Selected Countries, for Certain,Years t4 Proportion of Beef and Veal in Total Consumption of Carcase Meat, 196~-1971 I7 6 CONTENTS I.3 Estimates of Average Annual Changes in Real Producer Prices for Specified Types of Livestock in the EEC "Six", 1962-i968 20 2.1 Estimated Production of Beef and Veal in Selected Countries, 1692-197° 3° 2.2 Estimated Cortsumption Per Head of Beef and Veal in Certain Countries, for Selected Years 3I 2.3 Exports of Carcase Beef and Veal from the Clfiet Exporting Countries, for Selected Years 33 2.4 Distribution of Exports of Carcase Beef and Veal, i969 and t97o 34 2.5 Sources of Imports of Carcase Beef and Veal into Main Importing Countries, 1968-197o 36 2.6 FAO Beef and Veal Balances for ~964-1966 and Projections for 198o 38 3.1 Beef and Veal Supplies in the United Kingdom for Selected Years 43 3.2 Slaughterings of Cattle in France, 1966-197x 47 3.3 Trade in Live Cattle, Beef and Veal between Belgium and Other Countries, 1969-1971 5° 3.4 Imports and Exports in 197I for EEC (Six Countries) 58 3.5 Imports and Exports in 197x for the Nine Countries of Expanded EEC 59 4.r Relationship Between Cows and Cattle Output, 1953-1972 64 4.2 Cow Numbers as a Percentage of Total Cattle Population in Selected Countries for the Most Recent Year Available 66 4.3 Details of Cattle Output, 1953-1972 69 4-4 Fat Cattte Exports from Ireland, I932~-t97~ 74 4..5 Exports of Beef, 195o to 1972 78 4.6 Annual Slaughterings of Cows and Other Cattle at Export Premises for Years, 195o-197~ 81 4.7 Retail Prices of Certain Cuts of Beef, Mutton and Pigmeat in Recent Years 82 4.8 Percentage Distribution of Milch Cows by Breed, 1960--1971 83 4.9 Percentage Distribution of Cattle Artificial Inseminations by Breed, 1969-1972 85 5. i Summarised Details of Fresh Meat Industry for 196o and 1969 88 5.2 Seasonality of Cattle Disposal, x963-197t 93 5.3 Average Monthly Prices of All Classes of Cattle Combined in EEC (Six) Countries Compared with those for Bullocks in b: Dublin Market for the Years, 1969-197t 96 5.4 Classification of Factories by Number of Livestock Units Slaugh- tered in r97I 99 CONTENTS .7 5.5 Relationship between Quarterly Export Values of Fresh and Chilled Beef and Estimated AmountS Paid by Factories for Cattle -* Producing th!s Beef, 1963 971 * o4 5.6 Ratios of. Annual Export Values of (a) Fresh and Ct~illed Beef .. and (b) Frozen Boneless Beef to AmountS Paid by Factories for Cattle Producing this Beef, * 963-a 97 * i o 7 5.7 Value of Offal per Average Bovine for Representative Factories and Price per Cwt. of ~o-** Cwt. Bullocks for Years, [966/67 to ’972/73 lO9 5.8 Value to Economy of Live and Dead Cattle Exports in *971 [i3 5.9 Summarised Details of Fellmongery, Tanning and Dressing of Leather Industry, 196o and 1969 i*5 APPENDIX TABLES Table la. Numbers of Livestock by Species and World Regions for Selected Periods 25 lb. Production of the Major Meat Types by World Regions for Selected Years 26 lc. Estimated Consumption per Person of Poultry Meat in Selected Countries for Recent Years 27 A.* Rates per Container Charged by Different Hauliers to the Selected Destinations 133 A.2 Average Total Transport Cost to Different Destinations for Carcase Beef * 33 A.3 Average Total Transport Cost to Different Destinations for an Animal Slaughtered in Ireland 134 A.4 Transport Costs per Live Animal to Different Destinations in the Uffitcd Kingdom * 35 A.5 Estimated Total Transport Cost per Live Animal to Continental Destinations * 36 A.6 Total Transport Cost Per Animal to Different Destinations i36 B.* Exports of Offals and By-Products for Selected Years x4o FIGURES Number 4. I Cattle Population, i86i-,97i 63 5.1 (a) Cattle Slaughtered at Export Premises and (b) Cattle Slaugh- tered at Export Premises Plus Certain Live Exports on a Monthly Basis for Years 1963-197~ 92 8 CONTENTS 5.2 Average Price Per Cwt. of 8-9 Cwt. Heifers and Io---11 Cwt. Bullocks at Livestock Auction Marts (excluding Dublin) on a Monthly Basis for Years 1963-1972 94 5.3 Ratio of Monthly Export Values of "Fresh and Chilled Beef" to Estimated Amounts Paid by Factories for Cattle which Produced this Beef, x963-i971 lo5 Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of the Irish Livestock and Meant Board (CBF) who commissioned this study and who helped in various ways in supplying ideas and data, making contacts with ~ae various people interviewed and conlmenting on earlier drafts of the ’text. In this connection particular thanks are due to Mr P. Needham, General Manager and to Mr Scan Mannion, Market Research Officer ~,ho made most of the contacts and did a considerable amount of background research for the paper, particularly in connection with transport and disposal of off-als.
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    ALCINA BRASILEIRO HALL THE SOUL SELECTS HER OWN SOCIETY A POESIA DE EMILY DICKINSON: UMA QUESTÃO DE ESCOLHA Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Literários, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Orientadora: Prof.3 Dr.a Regina Maria Przybycien CURITIBA 2001 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ SETOR DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES urra COORDENAÇÃO DO CURSO DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS PARECER Defesa de dissertação da mestranda ALCINA BRASILEIRO HALL, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Os abaixo assinados Regina Maria Przybycien, Maria Conceição Monteiro e Liana de Camargo Leão argüíram, nesta data, a candidata, a qual apresentou a dissertação: "THE SOUL SELECTS HER OWN SOCIETY" A POESIA DE EMILY DICKINSON: UMA QUESTÃO DE ESCOLHA. Procedida a argüição segundo o protocolo aprovado pelo Colegiado do Curso, a Banca é de parecer que a candidata está apta ao título de Mestre em Letras, tendo merecido os conceitos abaixo: Banca Assinatura Conceito Regina Maria Przybycien A Maria Conceição Monteiro JQ < Liana de Camargo Leão ¿ fi*—/¿/C.— /Co A Curitiba, 06 de novembro de 2001. A BÁRBARA e KEVIN filhos queridos do coração. pelo amor que tenho a vocês. Obrigada pela paciência e cooperação. AGRADECIMENTOS À minha orientadora, Dra. Regina Przybycien, minha profunda gratidão pela incansável dedicação em apontar caminhos e posicionamentos mais adequados, pela sabedoria que me deu segurança e pelo incentivo que me fez prosseguir mesmo diante de dificuldades. Às professoras da UFPR, Dra. Mail Marques de Azevedo, Dra. Anamaria Filizola e Dra.