Art & Culture July 4, 2016 3 This Day in History Iranian Researcher Opens Up New (July 4)

Today is Monday; 14th of the Iranian month of Tir 1395 solar hijri; corresponding to 28th of the Islamic month of Ramadhan 1437 lunar hijri; and July 4, 2016, of the Christian Gregorian Calendar. Horizon to Curing Visual Impairment 1165 lunar years ago, on this day in 272 AH, the prominent Iranian-Islamic astronomer, philosopher and hadith scholar, Abu Mash’ar Ja’far ibn Mohammad al-Balkhi, passed away in Waset, Iraq, at the ripe old age of 102. Born in Khorasan in the city of Balkh, TEHRAN (MNA) – A young Ira- “These nanoparticles are stimu- which is presently in Afghanistan, he flourished at the Abbasid court in Baghdad as nian researcher from Amirkabir lated by visible light and radiate for the greatest astronomer of the era and the subsequent centuries. He wrote a number of Uni. of Technology has designed and about 16 hours, therefore we dis- practical manuals on astrology that profoundly influenced Muslim intellectual history, developed a retinal repair scaffold tributed them on a bed of ‘chitosan’ and through Latin translations of his works, left a profound impact on Western Europe and Byzantium. He was well versed in Persian, Arabic, Greek and Sanskrit languages, which has opened up a new horizon polymer and ‘polycaprolactone’ in and according to the famous Persian poet of the subcontinent, Amir Khosro Dehlavi, toward curing visual impairments different percentages and electro- he came to Benares in India to study astronomy. Abu Ma’shar, who was Latinized by caused by retina problems. spun the composite to build scaf- medieval Europe as Albumasar, Albusar, or Albuxar, wrote several books including Azadeh Sepahvandi, the project folds for retina tissue engineering,” “Kitab al-Mudkhal al-Kabir ila Ilm Ahkaam an-Nujjum”, “Kitāb al‐Milal wa’l- manager, said her team, for the very she explained. Duwal” and “Kitāb Taḥawil Sini al‐Mawālīd” (Book of the Revolutions of the Years first time in the world, has been She went on to add, “at the same of Nativities). These and other works were translated into Latin and Greek and had profound effect on western philosophers and scientists such as Albert, Roger Bacon, successful in designing and devel- time, the nanoparticles could emit Pierre d’Ailly, and Pico Della Mirandola. oping scaffolds for retinal tissue re- electromagnetic waves; that is to 962 solar years ago, on this day in 1054 AD, Islamic astronomers in Fatemid Egypt pair that have the ability to radiate say, they could produce light which and the Iranian Buwayhid dominions of Iraq-Iran, as well as the Chinese, recorded the electromagnetic waves and stimu- needed to be filtered and optimized seeing of a supernova -- a violently exploding star that was visible in daylight for 23 late retinal cells into tissue regen- in accordance with the behavior of days and at night for almost 2 years. It is believed the Crab Nebula in the constellation eration. the cells in the vicinity of the scaf- progenitor cells (RPCs) in proxim- retinal damage, as well as diabetic Taurus is the remnant of this supernova. Rock paintings in North America suggest that The Biomedical Engineering PhD folds.” ity to the scaffolds differentiated patients whose retinas have thinned Amerindians in Arizona and New Mexico also saw it. There are no European records into retinal cells. and are at the risk of retinal detach- of the event, since Christianity had plunged Europe into centuries of darkness. Some graduate who has simulated the Sepahvandi noted the main 48 years earlier in 1006, Islamic astronomers had recorded a supernova and given process of the effect of electromag- achievement of her project as ‘cell “The results of the research can ment and visual impairment,” she descriptions of how light varied and was visible for almost a year. This was history’s netic waves on retinal cells went on differentiation’ during which retinal be applied in treating patients with said. brightest “new star” ever recorded, at first seen to be brighter than the planet Venus. to add, “in this project, we aimed It occurred in our Milky Way galaxy, appearing in the southern constellation Lupus, to study the effect of electromag- near the star Beta Lupi. netic signals on the process of cell ‘The Salesman’ Shines in Munich Film Festival 829 solar years ago, on this day in 1187 AD, a united Muslim army of Kurds, Turks, growth and tissue repair by deriv- TEHRAN (IRNA) - Iranian film ‘The Salesman’ by Taraneh Alidousti) and Emad (Hosseini), as a couple Iranians and Arabs, broke the back of the Crusader usurpers of Palestine by inflicting a shattering defeat in the Battle of Hattin near Tiberias in what is now the Zionist usurped ing from the normal function of the Academy Award winner Asghar Farhadi won the top who are part-time actors playing in the Death of a land of Palestine, thereby paving the way for liberation of Bayt al-Moqaddas some retina. ‘Luminescence’ nanoparti- prize of CineMasters Competition of the 34th Filmfest Salesman by Arthur Miller as Linda and Willy. three months later that ended the 88-year illegal existence of the Latin Kingdom of cles were used to generate electro- München in Munich, Germany, on Saturday. It is an Iranian version of Miller’s Death of a Sales- Jerusalem. The Muslims were led by the Kurdish general Salah od-Din Ayyoubi, who magnetic waves.” Established in 1983, the festival is the main summer man. The film explores the themes of marriage, priva- in 1169 after his surprised appointment as vizier of Egypt by the Fatemid Ismaili Shi’ite film festival with over 65,000 admissions every year. cy, suspicion, revenge, honor and violence. caliph, had turned on his benefactor to seize the country and style himself sultan, and Opened on June 23, the 34th edition of the festival The film was first screened in 2016 Cannes Festi- then expand his power in Syria, Palestine and as far as his birthplace, Mosul, in Iraq. Strong Correlation 570 solar years ago, the famous Ottoman naval commander, Khair od-Din Pasha, wrapped up on July 2 in Munich. val. Shahab Hosseini and Farhadi won Palm d’Ore for known to the Europeans as Barbarossa because of his red beard, died at the age of 68 in The Salesman portrays Ra’ana (Iranian actress best actor and best screenplay respectively. Istanbul. Born on the island of Lesbos, to a Turkish father and a Greek mother, he was Between ‘Working named Khizr. He grew up to be a thorn in the side of European powers, defeating their navies in several battles, and finally liberating from Spain Algiers and adjoining lands, Joining Copyright Convention Improves Iran’s which were merged in the Ottoman Empire, with Khair od-Din as Pasha (governor). Hard’, ‘Playing 533 solar years ago, on this day in 1483 AD, “Tabulae Alphonsinae” or the International Prestige “Alphonsine Tables” were published by German printer Erhard Ratdolt in Venice. Hard.’ Among the earliest mathematical tables to be printed, these were a Latin translation mutual agreements since nothing has made between 1262 to 1272 at the behest of King Alfonso X of Castile and Leon, of ONTARIO (Dispatches) “I’ve yet been required in this regard and the Arabic Tables of the Muslim mathematician and astronomer, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim been interested for quite a while publishers and translators do not see ibn Ishaq az-Zarqali (Arzachel to medieval Europe), who lived in Toledo, al-Andalus in two motivations that people themselves committed to get a permis- (Islamic Spain). Born in 1029 to a family of Christian Visigoths who converted seem to display -- one I call legacy sion,” he said. to Islam, his works inspired a generation of Muslim astronomers in Islamic Spain drive and one I call leisure drive,” “Of course in recent years, a few including Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), Ibn Tufail (Abubacer), Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Ibn says biology professor Dr. Lonnie al-Kammad, Ibn al‐Ha’im al‐Ishbili and Nour od-Din al-Betruqi (Alpetragius). Zarqali reputable publishers have decided to invented several astronomical instruments including an equatorium for computing the Aarssen from Queen’s Universi- ask for the permission of the author or position of the planets. He corrected geographical data from the Greek astronomer ty. publisher of the work for its publish- Ptolemy and the Iranian astronomer al-Khwarezmi, specifically Ptolemy’s estimate of Dr. Aarssen, along with under- ing or translating, for the sake of ob- the length of the Mediterranean Sea from 62 degrees to the correct value of 42 degrees. graduate student Laura Crimi, car- serving moral codes and international He also invented a perfected kind of astrolabe known as “as-Safiha az-Zarqaliyya”, ried on a survey of over 1,400 un- regulations. For example, the Institute which was famous in Europe under the name Saphaea. At a time when Christian dergraduate students at Queen’s. for Contemporary Culture has got the Europe was immersed in the dark ages, he built a water clock, capable of determining Participants were asked to identify the hours of the day and night and indicating the days of the lunar months at a time. permission of the owners of the institu- Nicolaus Copernicus, who greatly benefitted from the works of Islamic scientists, has their age, gender, religious affil- tions for reprinting or using some dic- The Head of the Office of Iranian Writers Legal Counsel, Seyyed Ali Al-e Davoud. extensively quoted Zarqali and al-Battani. In 1085 Toledo was occupied by Alfonso VI iation and cultural background. tionaries like the French Larousse and of Castile and his Christian mercenaries, prompting Zarqali and his colleagues, such as They were then asked a series of TEHRAN (IBNA) - While consider- other conventions in the world, and Oxford,” Al-e Davoud added. al‐Waqqashi (1017–1095) to flee. It is not known whether the aged Zarqali moved to questions to determine their at- ing the copyright an urgent issue by the Iran’s membership is something that The head of the Office of Iranian Cordoba, which he often used to visit, or died in a refugee camp. The crater Arzachel traction to religion, parenthood, government, the head of the Office of depends on the decision of the Iranian Writers Legal Counsel explained: on the Moon is named after him. accomplishment or fame, and rec- 470 solar years ago, on this day in 1546 AD, Murad III, the 12th Ottoman Sultan and Iranian Writers Legal Counsel said that government.” “Iran’s membership in regulations re- the 4th self-styled Turkish caliph, was born to Sultan Salim II the “Drunkard” and his reation. Iran’s joining the copyright improves its “While government officials have lated to copyright is an issue which has Jewish concubine, Rachel (Noorbanu). In 1574 on ascending the throne, he launched There was some degree of cor- international status. not taken a decision in this regard, nat- been discussed for decades and experts fratricide by strangling to death five of his brothers. During his 21-year reign he earned relation between most of the fac- In an interview with IBNA, Seyyed ural and legal individuals, including have talked about their views on the notoriety for massacre of fellow Muslims and ending the long Peace of Amasya with tors mentioned, but there was a Ali Al-e Davoud talked about the need writers, translators and publishers will issue in the media. Some were in fa- Iran’s Safavid Empire that resulted in the 12-year Ottoman-Persian War (1578-90) particularly strong correlation vor of joining the copyright but a great in the Caucasus and the institutional decline of the Ottoman Empire. As a result of for Iran to join the copyright and stat- not be able to decide on their own or between attraction to both legacy ed: “Joining the Berne Convention and include a provision on the subject in number were against it.” the growing inclination of the Turkish tribes of Anatolia towards the school of the and leisure activities; those in- Prophet’s Ahl al-Bayt, he made a pact with France, stopped the Ottoman push into Europe, and massacred thousands of Shi’ite Muslims. As a result, his armies suffered clined to ‘work hard’ tend also to defeats in Europe as well, at the hands of the Austrian Hapsburg Empire. ‘play hard.’ 262 solar years ago, on this day in 1754 AD, During the French-Amerindian War against The results also suggest three the British, Colonel George Washington surrendered Fort Necessity in Pennsylvania distinct groupings of individuals to French Captain Louis Coulon de Villiers. Two decades later, Washington joined the based on their strongest motiva- American rebels against the British crown, and after victory became the first president tional factors. Group one repre- of the United States of America. sented relatively apathetic types 240 solar years ago, on this day in 1776 AD, the thirteen New England colonies banded together to sign in Philadelphia the Declaration of Independence from British rule of -- those who displayed relatively what they called the United States of America (US). Battles were fought between the weak attraction to parenthood, revolutionaries and the monarchists for the next several years, and it was not until 1812 religion, work and leisure. Group that Britain recognized the independence of USA. Since then the USA, after brutally two distinguished themselves exterminating the original Amerindians or Red Skins, and forcing the black people of through high attraction to both re- Africa into slavery, has terrorized the world with its crimes against humanity. ligion and parenthood with mod- 226 solar years ago, on this day in 1790 AD, Welsh military engineer and geodesist, George Everest, in whose honour the world’s tallest peak was renamed as “Mount erate attraction to accomplishment Everest”, was born. He worked on the trigonometrical survey of India during the and leisure. Group three, the high- years 1818-43, providing the accurate mapping of the Subcontinent, and for more than ly motivated “go-getters,” were twenty-five years, surveyed the longest arc of the meridian ever accomplished at the highly attracted to parenthood as time. Everest made countless adaptations to the surveying equipment, methods, and well as to accomplishment and mathematics in order to minimize problems specific to the Great Survey, such as the leisure. immense size and scope, the terrain, weather conditions, and the desired accuracy. “We, unlike any other animals, Mount Everest in Himalayas, formerly called Peak XV by the British, was renamed in his honour in 1865, a year before his death, although he never set foot on it. The are aware and concerned about 8,800-meter high summit overlaps Tibet and Nepal. Tibetans call it “Chomolungma”, our own self-impermanence,” Dr. while the Nepalis call it “Sagarmatha”. In 2005, a mountaineering team from the Aarssen says. “Legacy drive and Islamic Republic of Iran succeeded in climbing Mount Everest. leisure drive have potential to ex- 212 solar years ago, on this day in 1804 AD, American novelist and short-story plain our ability to buffer this anx- writer, Nathaniel Hawthorne, was born in Marblehead [Salem] Massachusetts. iety. Between these two drives, One of his ancestors, a judge in the Salem witchcraft trials, became the model for our ancestors were able to distract the accursed founder of the famous novel “The House of the Seven Gables” that he wrote. Hawthorne would often wonder whether the decline of his family’s fortune from their own self-imperma- was a punishment for the sins of his “sable-cloaked steeple-crowned progenitors”. nence, allowing them to cope with the anxiety and thus minimize its Marblehead is also the location of the house in his novel. He also wrote “The Scarlet Shahid Mahallati Flower Market is one of the major centers in Tehran for supplying and planting flowers. Letter” and the “The Marble Faun”. potential negative impact on re- Image credit: MNA (Courtesy: IRIB English Radio – http://parstoday.com/en) productive success.”