"The Innocents", and What Passes for Experience Author(S): Pauline Kael Source: Film Quarterly, Vol
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"The Innocents", and What Passes for Experience Author(s): Pauline Kael Source: Film Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 4, Films from New York (Summer, 1962), pp. 21-36 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1211186 Accessed: 17/09/2009 21:08 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucal. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Film Quarterly. http://www.jstor.org PAULINEKAEL 21 in Hollywood today-stem from the compulsion varied themes and appeals, the excitement of a to make every single film a "blockbuster." This new distribution system will soon decline into compulsion, so characteristic of the independ- the same old sameness-the conformity that ent's insecurity, might be tempered and bal- widespread fear of the public always induces. anced if the executive producer role were to Every studio still has a chief of production, reappear-for instance, if pay-TV arrives. Its but such men are primarily negotiators, oc- immediate demand for quantity production cupied with contracts, agents, and the crises of ("Every year," Jerry Wald predicts, "365 worldwide production. They have little time brand-new stories!") might require executive for the slow processes of artistic leadership or producers who could quickly find and cultivate the encouragement of reluctant talent. There new writers and directors. Like the Irving Thal- is a hint of a possible future pattern in the berg period in the transition to sound or the Mirisch Company, with its partnership ar- Fred Coe period when transcontinental TV rangements involving Fred Zinnemann, Wil- brought "intimate drama" into the living room, liam Wyler, Billy Wilder, and Robert Wise. the very haste of pay-TV to fill new needs may Stanley Kramer has recently undertaken sev- avoid for a while the dullness of conformity to eral films using younger directors. John House- some imagined audience taste-may avoid the man manages to keep at least two film projects bureaucracy of decision-making which cramps going at once at MGM. But the creative ex- the artists with conformity. But unless there are ecutive can have only limited freedom or power strong centers of creative leadership and some as long as the present kind of "independence" financial centralization, here and there, that dominates the Hollywood scene. dares to continue supporting programs of PAULINEKAEL The Innocents, and What Passes for Experience REMARKSON MOVIECRITICS AND SOMERECENT MOVIES [The following article is drawn from radio -subject . ." broadcasts on KPFA and its associated FM sta- -LETTER, SERVING AS INTRODUC- tions, somewhat revised for publication.] TION TO Agee on Film I. MOVIECRITICS "The ability to take all that nonsense seri- ously was what made Warshow the remarkable "For me films are primarily a diversion. If I critic of film that he is." want to think, I read." -INTRODUCTION TO ROBERT WAR- -CHAIRMAN OF THE JURY AT THE SHOw's The Immediate Experi- 1961 CANNESFILM FESTIVAL ence "I do not care for movies very much and I This careless condescension would be almost rarely see them ...-to me, rather unimportant inconceivable if these gentlemen-Jean Giono, 22 PAULINEKAEL W. H. Auden, Lionel Trilling-were judging isn't a mass-medium type of movie. novels or poetry or introducing a volume of In the year of L'Avventura and Breathless, literary or dramatic criticism. Movies are still the New York Film Critics Circle selects West treated as if they were in their nickelodeon Side Story. Isn't it about time for the news- period, still regarded as a mere "popular" en- papers to have two sets of movie critics-one tertainment-even though some of the greatest to supply cornmeal gush for simpletons and motion pictures have never been popular, and advertisers, and the other to discuss the motion if they are not championed by perceptive critics pictures that have some content worth discus- will not reach any audience. The attitude that sion? All art is entertainment-it is simply a movies are just a pastime has helped to save matter of how developed your tastes are: the them from academic dry rot: "appreciation" more developed, the more entertainment you courses have killed off interest in music, paint- find in art. And the critics who reject the finest ing, and literature, but movies, ignored by films as not entertainment are defending their teachers as a Saturday afternoon vice, are one own limitations, their disqualifications as critics. of the few arts an American can respond to. American film critics all too often also treat II. THEINNOCENTS movies as a child's vice, and their casual, indif- When you see The Innocents,* you think how ferent, irresponsible criticism is supposed to be amazing that this crew of film-makers could somehow "sophisticated." Like the famous take such familiar material and make it so fresh. writers above, they know "better" than to con- Then you read the reviews and discover that sider movies as an art. (Unlike Giono, when this material, far from being familiar to movie I want to think, I just think-I don't read; and critics, is incomprehensible to them. They don't when I write, it's about something I'm inter- even get it. From Paine Knickerbocker in the ested in.) For a half-century some of the great- San Francisco Chronicle you will discover that est creative artists have been working in films, The Innocents "is dominated by the idea that and their works have been left, for the most two children-a brother and his sister-may be part, to the judgment of almost incredibly un- developing very unhealthy attitudes toward one informed newspaper reviewers, and magazine another" and that it deals with "their incestuous critics who seem to think that contempt for the love for one another." (As a friend remarked, medium is the basic prerequisite for writing "Now we know why Miles was sent down from about it. There's not much point in citing the school: that sinister business is all solved-he'd great works of the past which needed defenders snuck his sister into the dormitory.") If you and didn't find them: one would have to dis- read Bosley Crowther in the New York Times, cuss virtually every great director who ever you will find a new enigma: the children "... worked in films. A specialized audience for are played with glibness and social precocity, motion picture art has finally developed, but but it is difficult to grasp whether their manners there are almost no critics to guide them, and are actually adult or the figments of the gov- the daily paper reviewers, who have been erness' mind." If you look at Show Business coasting for years-summarizing plots, rephras- Illustrated, you may have this illumination: ing publicity handouts, and interviewing "What unnatural, hypnotic hold have Quint starlets-are often positively hostile when con- and Miss Jessel over the children? What was fronted with works that make some demands their relationship with these otherworldly tots? on their intelligence and background. Unable director: to with the new or *Producer and Jack Clayton. Screen- cope difficult, they denounce play by Truman Capote and William Archibald it as incoherent or badly made or incompre- and John Mortimer, based on "The Turn of the hensible or deliberate fraud, and, finally, as not Screw" by Henry James. Photography: Freddie "entertainment"-by which they mean that it Francis. Cinemascope. PAULINEKAEL Homosexuality has been one of the favorite ~5i-i~iiii~iii-iii-i::-:.- -;-:-:- guesses among those who have had a go at the James riddle." (Maybe . .. but not in relation to "The Turn of the Screw"!) In The Observer, you will find Penelope Gilliatt, the most errat- ically brilliant of modern film critics, at low ebb: "In the book, the governess is vaguely attracted to the uncle who hires her; Jack Clayton, born after Freud, shows that she's . iii-_:iiii--i~Fi~Eii3.iFi~.ija~i~ really in love with one of the children . And the stuffily rationalistic John Coleman of The New Statesman says: "Perhaps the children are possessed; and, on these perhapses, intelligent.. interest dissipates." Don't let these new developments in James- "Thatlittle wet tear.. ." ian scholarship keep you away from the movie -which is closer to Henry James than you might get the most credit. think from the reviews. It's a "fun" movie-with Who, for example, thought of using those all the pleasures of elegance and literacy. The curiously frozen, indistinct long shots of Miss little girl's song by Paul Dehn before the titles Jessel's ghost? We peer at these images with and then the hands with the titles are marvel- the governess's eyes, and we are transfixed by ous; from the very first scene, we know these their beauty.