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Employment Outlook in Petroleum Production and Refinin EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND REFININ Job Prospects Duties Training Earnings Working Conditions UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS MAURICE J. TOBIN, Secretary EWAN CLAGUE, Commissioner In cooperation with VETERANS ADMINISTRATION DigitizedOCCUPATIONAL for FRASER OUTLOOK SERIES Bulletin No. 994 http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Cover picture shows a rotary-drilling derrick. Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Employment Outlook in PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND REFINING Bulletin No. 994 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner In cooperation with VETERANS ADMINISTRATION For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. - Price 30 cents Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL U n ited States D epar tm en t of L a bo r , B u r e a u of L abor S tatistic s, W a sh in g to n , D . C ., September 1, 1950. The S ecretary of L a bo r : I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on the employment outlook in petroleum production and refining occupations. This is one of a series of occupational studies conducted in the Bureau’s Occupational Outlook Branch for use in schools, colleges, offices of the Veterans Administration, local offices of the State employment services affiliated with the United States Employment Service, and other agencies engaged in vocational counseling of veterans, young people, and others interested in choosing a field of work. This study was financed largely by the Veterans Administration, and the report was originally published as Veterans Administration Pamphlet 7-4.12 for use in vocational rehabilitation and education activities. The study was conducted under the supervision of Caiman R. Winegarden; this report was prepared by Sol Swerdloff and Mr. Winegarden, with the assistance of Vincent H. Arkell. The Bureau wishes to acknowledge the generous assistance and cooperation received in connection with the study from officials of other government agencies and of trade organizations, labor unions, and individual companies in the petroleum industry. E w an C l a g u e , Commissioner. Hon. M a u r ic e J. T o b in , Secretary oj Labor. II Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis CONTENTS Page Employment outlook in petroleum production and refining: The petroleum industry and its products______________________________________________________________ 1 Petroleum production___________________________________________________________________________ 2 Exploration________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Drilling, rig building, and other oil field servicing______________________________________________ 3 Crude petroleum production_________________________________________________________________ 4 Petroleum refining______________________________________________________________________________ 4 General employment outlook______________________________________________ 6 The demand for petroleum products______________________________________________________________ 6 The supply of petroleum_________________________________________________________________________ 9 Job prospects___________________________________________________________________________________ 11 Petroleum production_______________________________________________________________________ 11 Petroleum refining__________________________________________________________________________ 12 Occupations in petroleum production_________________________________________________________________ 13 Duties, training, and qualifications_______________________________________________________________ 13 Working conditions_________________________ 18 Earnings___________________________________________ 18 Occupations in petroleum refining____________________________________________________________________ 19 Duties, training, and qualifications_______________________________________________________________ 20 Working conditions______________________________________________________________________________ 20 Earnings_______________________________________________________________________________________ 21 State and regional employment outlook: West South Central (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas)___________________________________________ 23 Pacific Coast (California, Oregon, Washington)______1_________________________________________________ 26 Middle Atlantic (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania)_______________________________ _______________ 28 East North Central (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin)_______________________________________ 30 West North Central (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota)_______ 32 Mountain (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming)--------------------------- 33 East South Central (Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee)_______________________________________ 35 South Atlantic (Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia)___________________________________________________________________________ 37 New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont)_____________ 38 Petroleum jobs abroad_______________________________________________________________________________ 39 Appendixes: I—Major oil fields in the United States______________________________________________________________ 40 II—Petroleum refineries in the United States: January 1, 1949__________________________________________ 42 CHARTS No. 1. The Southwest and California have most of the oil field jobs____________________________________________ 2 2. Texas leads in drilling activity, 1949__________________________________________________________________ 3 3. The oil fields of the United States_____________________________________________________________________ 4 4. Some principal uses of petroleum products_______________________________ i ------------------------------------------ 6 5. Nearly all the refinery workers are in fourteen States___________________________________________________ 7 6. Trend of U. S. petroleum consumption is sharply upward----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 7. Petroleum rises in importance as a source of the Nation’s energy_________________________________________ 8 8. The number of oil-using units is growing_______________________________________________________________ 9 9. Recent trends in consumption of petroleum products-------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 10. Production and reserves show long-run growth_________________________________ 10 11. Oil field employment has been growing------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 12. Wildcat drilling has increased greatly since the war------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 13. Total drilling activity in two decades__________________________________________________________________ 12 14. Refinery employment has nearly doubled in the last decade-------------------------------------------------------- 12 15. Petroleum refining capacity and output----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 13 16. Drilling is the most hazardous branch of the petroleum industry------------------------------------------------------------- 15 17. Earnings are high in the petroleum industry___________________________________________________________ 18 18. West South Central is the leading petroleum region------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24 19. Recent growth of the petroleum industry in the West South Central region---------------------------------------------- 25 III Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND REFINING The petroleum industry is of paramount im­ Petroleum production and refining, the basic portance in our economy. Its products provide branches of the industry and the ones covered in a third of the energy used in our industrial civi­ this report, employed over 400,000 wage and sal­ lization. From this industry comes the gasoline ary workers in early 1950, in a wide range of jobs used by the millions of cars and trucks and great in many different parts of the country. Earnings fleets of military and civilian aircraft; the fuel oil are relatively high and many of the jobs require that heats several million homes and powers thou­ considerable skill. It is expected that there will sands of ships and locomotives; the lubricants be many openings for new workers during the next without which no modern machinery could be 5 to 10 years. For these reasons, information on operated; the asphalt covering on our highways; the employment outlook in the industry is of and hundreds of other products ranging from interest to persons considering the choice of a insecticides to plastic materials. vocation. The Petroleum Industry and Its Products Petroleum is a world-wide industry in which tom and were buried under sand and clay deposits. scores of nations participate. The United States, Over millions of years, the sand and
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