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How Different Qos Mechanisms Affect Voip Qos Metrics Technical Report, IDE1070, June 2010 How Different QoS Mechanisms Affect VoIP QoS Metrics Master’s Thesis in Computer Network Engineering Mohammad Shahidul Islam & Syed Nasir Mehdi School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering Halmstad University How Different QoS Mechanisms Affect VoIP QoS Metrics Master Thesis in Computer Network Engineering School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering Halmstad University Box 823, S-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden June 2010 I Preface We express our gratitude to Allah Almighty for the courage He gave us to sustain the hard work. We cannot forget all the helpful teachers who helped us throughout our Endeavour for this lengthy period. We express our special thanks to Tony Larsson and Wagner de Morais for their support and feedback. We have thanks to offer to Ola Lundh for giving us a good start during our Master program. We thank Olga Torstensson for sharing the knowledge. We would also thank our friends for their valuable support and motivation. Finally we are thankful to our living parents and relatives who pray for us relentlessly. Last but not the least, we pray for the departed souls of our late parents and relatives who gave us the inner strength and motivation to confront the challenges of this world. The parents who gave our lives a meaning. Our tributes go their way. Peace be upon Muhammad and his progeny who are everything for us. Mohammad Shahidul Islam & Syed Nasir Mehdi Halmstad University, January 2010 iii Abstract Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has become a key technology of communication. Our work has been a practical implemenation of different scenarios to show that VoIP voice quality can be improved by adopting certain Quality of Service(QoS) measures such as classification, marking or queuing. It has been discussed that different QoS metrics like delay, packet loss and jitter could affect the voice quality of VoIP. To reduce the negative affects, one option is to implement certain QoS mechanisms with some set of configurations. For this purpose, Cisco IP phones have been configured in our topology with routers, switches, traffic generators, end stations and VoIP quality monitoring software called VQmanager. Tests have been divided into two sets. In one test a fixed bandwidth of 70 kbps is set while in the other test a random bandwidth is set with trafic generators unleashing packets of traffic. In both these tests further scenarios with configurations are worked out. They include no QoS, Auto Qos and Customized Qos mechanisms. Results have been indicative of top performance by the Customized QoS mechanism, in both sets of tests, followed by Auto QoS and no QoS mechanisms. It has been observed that a customized scenario could be a particular configuration to any organization’s needs and that will have the lowest delay, jitter and packet loss which are the main QoS metrics that impact the voice quality of VoIP. It can be fundamentally composed of classification of voice, data or web-traffic, marking and queuing depending upon the need of the organization. It is finally suggested to carry more tests in companies to get more data for analysis. iv Contents PREFACE............................................................................................................................................................III ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................................................VII 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 APPLICATION AREA AND MOTIVATION ..................................................................................................1 1.2 PROBLEM STUDIED ................................................................................................................................2 1.3 RELATED WORK ....................................................................................................................................2 1.4 THESIS GOALS AND EXPECTED RESULTS ...............................................................................................3 2 BACKGROUND...........................................................................................................................................5 2.1 VOIP SIGNALLING .................................................................................................................................5 2.1.1 H.323................................................................................................................................................5 2.1.2 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)......................................................................................................6 2.1.3 Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP)...........................................................................................7 2.1.4 Differences Between Peer-to-Peer and Master-Slave Control Signalling Protocols.......................7 2.2 VOIP QOS METRICS ..............................................................................................................................9 2.2.1 Intrinsic Quality of Service...............................................................................................................9 Latency Delay............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Processing or Compression Delay .............................................................................................................................. 9 Algorithmic Delay .................................................................................................................................................... 10 Packetization Delay .................................................................................................................................................. 10 Serialization Delay ................................................................................................................................................... 11 Queuing Delay.......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Network Switching Delay......................................................................................................................................... 11 D-Jitter Delay ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Jitter.......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Loss .......................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Echo.......................................................................................................................................................................... 12 R-Factor.................................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Perceived Quality of Service ..........................................................................................................13 Mean Opinion Score (MOS)..................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3 VOIP QOS MODELS .............................................................................................................................14 v 2.3.1 Best Quality Model.........................................................................................................................14 2.3.2 Integrated service Model................................................................................................................14 Auto QoS.................................................................................................................................................................. 15 2.3.3 Differentiated service Model ..........................................................................................................16 Customized QoS....................................................................................................................................................... 16 3 METHODOLOGY .....................................................................................................................................19 3.1 IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................................................19 3.1.1 Routing ...........................................................................................................................................19 3.1.2 Mechanisms....................................................................................................................................20 4 RESULTS....................................................................................................................................................23
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