Image Credit: Pedro Matos-Llavona 2010-2015 ACCOMPLISHMENTS PART 2

In situ Observations - Coastal and Moored

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng In situ Observaons – Coastal and Moored

Principal Investigators:

UNCW CORMP: 7 buoys, 1 coastal Pier station Lynn Leonard (PI), Jennifer Dorton (Co-PI) USF COMPS: 3 surface buoys 2 subsurface moorings, 1 coastal tower Robert H. Weisberg (PI), Yonggang Liu (Co-PI) USF COMPS: 6 inshore stations Mark E. Luther (PI), Clifford R. Merz (Co-PI), Jeff Scudder (Co-PI) UGA: 1 Ocean Acidification Gray's Buoy Scott Noakes (PI), Wei-Jun Cai (Co-PI) FIO: 7 SEAKEYs stations (discontinued after Year 1) Jyotika Virmani (PI)

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng In situ Observaons – Coastal and Moored

Goal: Sustain moored and coastal staons and report observed data to SECOORA and NDBC.

Objecves: !Maintain and operate moored and coastal staons. !Deliver observed data in near real-me to SECOORA, NDBC, IOOS, WFOS, and other stakeholders. !Deliver in situ data products integrated with other observaons and model data via SECOORA website. !Support observaonal data and model comparison/evaluaon, etc.

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng In situ Observaons – UNCW CORMP

SUN2 OB27 LEJ3 ILM2* ILM3 OCP1 CAP2 FRP2 * ** Air Temp X X X X X X X Barometric X X X X X X X

Wind X X X X X X X

Humidity X X X X X X X Water X X X X X X X X Salinity X X X X X X X X Waves X X X Currents X X

* Waves provided by co-located Waverider buoys ** OB27 is a seafloor system that does not report in real-me (ADCP, CTD) Some stations since 2005

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng In situ Observaons – Tropical Storm Ana

Significant Wave Height

Buoy reports: • Local media (print, television, radio) • NWS reports/forecasts • Other web-based weather providers

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng USF COMPS Moored Observaons

USF Moorings

C10 C11 C12 C13 C15 C21

Air Temp X X X X

Barometric Pressure X X X X

Wind X X X X

Humidity X X X X

Water Temperature X X X X X X Radiaon C11 & C15 are boom mounted, non real me moorings. X (SWR & LWR) C21 is an experimental staon. Hope to implement as a Temperature, salinity X X X permanent staon in the future. Waves X X X Waves measurements on C11 & C15 are non-direconal and availability is based on access to calibrated sensors. Currents (ADCP) X X X X X X

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng Observed Velocity Components in the Water Column

(Mooring C12, 40-h lowpass filtered)

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng Observed Subsurface Temperature & Salinity Data

Multiple-year time series

(Mooring C12)

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng USF Moored Observaons: Data Return

Data Return (hours in water & percent good data) ADCP Temp Salinity Wind

27480 27496 27482 21464 99% 100% 99% 75%

27471 27481 27474 17516 74% 99% 99% 98%

34577 34578 34578 23582 87% 100% 99% 99%

31006 31006 65% 77%

31002 31002 59% 75%

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng USF COMPS Inshore Staons

• Connues to operate and maintain water level and meteorological observing systems at Shell Point, Aripeka, Fred Howard Park (Tarpon Springs), Clam Bayou, Big Carlos Pass, and Northwest Florida Bay. • A test site is under construcon on the USF docks on Bayboro Harbor. • Sites at Egmont Key and Anna Maria Island have been decommissioned and are being consolidated into one nearby site at Mullet Key. • A full suite of water quality sensors was recently installed on the Clam Bayou site in partnership with YSI/Xylem.

Tropical Storm Debby

Aripeka Staon

Storm surge of 1 meter or greater persisted from June 24 - 27, 2012 Mark Luther’s front yard – June 26, 2012

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng In situ Observaons – GRNMS Mooring

Principle Invesgators: Sco Noakes – The University of Georgia Wei-Jun Cai – The University of Delaware

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng In situ Observaons – GRNMS Mooring

pCO2 Changes at GRNMS

Seawater = +2.4%/year

Atmosphere = +0.789%/year Source Source 2

Seawater pCO2 CO Atmospheric pCO2

Seawater Temperature (C)

Seawater pCO2 Trend Sink 2

Atmospheric pCO2 Trend CO

Note: Lower pCO2 values during summer 2014 are related to equilibrator malfuncon.

• Vital to understand the SAB role in ocean carbon uptake • Data collected almost connuously from 2006 to present • The only representave of the carbon uptake for the SAB

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng Technical Improvements

UNCW: " Modularized instrumentaon: Technicians can swap individual sensors in situ instead of waing for the buoy turnaround. " Improved mooring communicaons: Switched from Iridium satellite communicaons to cell modems for 5 moorings. Cost savings of $17,500/year and reducon in missed buoy dial-ins. " In-house sensor calibraon: Incorporated the same individual sensors used in Coastal Environmental WeatherPACS for 1/3 the cost. USF: " Data logger/transmier redesign: ulizing off-the-shelf industry standard components, more robust and cost effecve. " Designing/fabricang/assembling our own sensors (WND, RH/AT, BP); again systems engineering ulizing proven, off-the-shelf sensors and components. " Experimental Waves Staon: transioned from acousc modems to cabled system, more reliable and cost effecve. UGA: " Beer biofouling pracces: Use of copper when possible; Protecve tape on wires and housings.

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng Data Management (Data Provider) o Each group provides observed data to DMAC o Each group maintains a DMAC infrastructure (real-me telemetry, data sever, etc) o Have local website providing data to local users o Development and implementaon of QARTOD real me QA/QC protocols

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng In situ Observaons – Coastal and Moored

Stakeholder/User Examples – Federal: USCG, NWS, USACE, MCB Camp Lejeune – State: NC Division of Coastal Management, Division of Marine Fisheries, FWRI – General Public: boaters, recreaonal and commercial fishermen

Value of Partnerships: FryingPanTower.com – example FryingPanTower.com scrapes CORMP mooring data and provides the data to their users. Per Dave Tilley, the site owner, individual buoys can receive over 32,000,000 “hits” annually.

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng In situ Observaons – Coastal and Moored

Educaon and Outreach: o NOAA IOOS Internships o Canterbury High School and Sea Educaon Associaon: Plascs in the ocean research o USF-FGCU Collaboraon & UNCW BS : undergraduate research cruise experiences and formal course training o Undergraduate and Graduate student research & applied learning o K-12 outreach engagements o Public lectures/workshops/seminars etc.

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng Leveraging

" SECOORA funding for observing is not sufficient to cover all operaonal costs. Creave leveraging opportunies, such as vessel (e.g., NDBC, USCG, FIO) & diver support, joint sponsorship of plaorms and non-NOAA funding/donaons: – UGA: GRNMS provides vessel and diver support to work on the buoy. Ancipated connued NOAA OAP support; Leveraged support from NOAA NDBC and USCG. – Crowd-source funding: Local fishing community, UNCW, and SECOORA worked together to raise over $16,000 to fund a replacement for buoy 41036. " Mulple external proposals in review that leverage SECOORA funded assets.

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng In situ Observaons – Coastal and Moored

Applicaons: – SECOORA’s Marine Weather Portal – NWS forecasts and weather products – USCG Search and Rescue applicaons – USACE Wave Informaon Study (WIS) – USC Beach Water Quality Modeling – Red de predicon, origin and transport – Larval grouper recruitment, solving the selement and recruitment conundrum – induced boom current transport of oil onto the WFS – Numerical model veracity tesng – Evaluaon of satellite remote sensing (NASA & ESA) products – Comparison with HF radar measurements (WERA & CODAR) – COMPS portal for local boaters and users – SAB CO2 changes (sink in winter, source in summer, seawater pCO2 increases ~2.4%/yr)

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng Publicaons

! ~ 20 peer-reviewed publicaons since 2012 (List appended to presentaon)

! New publicaon (including mulple submissions from SECOORA PIs)

Liu, Y., H. Kerkering, and R.H. Weisberg (Editors) (2015) Coastal Ocean Observing Systems. ISBN 978-0-12-802022-7, Elsevier (in press).

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng In situ Observaons – Coastal and Moored

Thank you!

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng Publicaons

! Arnott, K. D., A. Valle-Levinson, and M. E. Luther(2012) Friction-dominated exchange in a Florida estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 113, 248-258. ! Liu, Y., and R.H. Weisberg (2012) Seasonal variability on the West Florida shelf, Progr. Oceanogr.104, 80-98. ! Liu, Y., RH Weisberg, S Vignudelli, L Roblou, CR Merz (2012) Comparison of the X-TRACK altimetry estimated currents with moored ADCP and HF radar observations on the West Florida Shelf, Adv. Space Res., 50 (8), 1085-1098.

! Meyers, S., A. J. Linville, and M. E. Luther (2013) Alteration of residual circulation due to large-scale infrastructure in a drowned riverbed estuary. Estuaries and Coasts, doi:10.1007/s12237-013-9691-3. ! Luther, M. E., G. Meadows, E. Buckley, S. A. Gilbert, H. Purcell, and M. Tamburri (2013) Verification of Wave Measurement Systems. J. Mar. Tech., 47(5), 104-116.

! Liu, Y., R.H. Weisberg, and C.R. Merz (2014) Assessment of CODAR and WERA HF radars in mapping currents on the West Florida Shelf. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 31, 1363-1382, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00107.1. ! Liu, Y., R.H. Weisberg, S. Vignudelli, and G.T. Mitchum (2014) Evaluation of altimetry-derived surface current products using Lagrangian drifter trajectories in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. J. Geophys. Res., 119, 2827-2842, doi:10.1002/2013JC009710. ! Meyers, S.D. and M.E. Luther (2014) Real-Time Oceanographic Data : From Safety to Science. Eos, Trans. AGU, 95: 305-306. ! Pan, C., L. Zheng, R.H. Weisberg, and Y. Liu, and C.E. Lembke (2014) Comparisons of different ensemble schemes for glider data assimilation on West Florida Shelf, Ocean Modelling, 81, 13-24. ! Wahl, T., F. M. Calafat, and M. E. Luther (2014) Rapid changes in the seasonal sea level cycle along the US Gulf coast from the late 20th century. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, doi:10.1002/2013GL058777. ! Weisberg, R.H., L. Zheng, Y. Liu, C. Lembke, J.M. Lenes, and J.J. Walsh (2014) Why a red was not observed on the West Florida Continental Shelf in 2010, Harmful Algae, 38, 119-126. ! Weisberg, R.H., Zheng, L., and Peebles, E. (2014), Gag grouper larvae pathways on the West Florida Shelf, Cont. Shelf Res., 88,11-23, doi.10.1016/j.csr.2014.06.003. ! Wilson, M. C., S. D. Meyers, and M. E. Luther (2014) Synoptic volumetric variations and flushing of the Tampa Bay estuary. Climate Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1926-2.

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng Publicaons

! Liu, Y., R.H. Weisberg, and C. Lembke (2015) Glider salinity correction for unpumped CTD sensors across a sharp . In Coastal Ocean Observing Systems, Elsevier (in press). ! Liu, Y., H. Kerkering, and R.H. Weisberg (Editors) (2015) Coastal Ocean Observing Systems. ISBN 978-0-12-802022-7, Elsevier (in press). ! Meyers, S., M. C. Wilson, and M. E. Luther (2015) Observations of Hysteresis in the Annual Exchange Circulation of a Large Micro-Tidal Estuary. J. Geophys. A new book: Res. (in press) ! Torres, H., F. Muller-Karger, D. Keys, H. Thornton, M. Luther, and K. Alsharif (2015) Whither the U.S. National Ocean Policy Implementation Plan? J. Mar. Policy (2015), pp. 198-212, 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.013 ! Weisberg, R.H., L. Zheng, Y. Liu, S. Murawski, C. Hu, and J. Paul (2015) Did Deepwater Horizon hydrocarbons transit to the west Florida continental shelf? Deep-Sea Res., II, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.02.002 (in press). ! Weisberg, R.H., L. Zheng, and Y. Liu (2015) Basic tenets for coastal ocean ecosystems monitoring: A West Florida perspective. In Coastal Ocean Observing Systems, Elsevier (in press).

#Secoora15AnnualMeeng