United Nations S/ PV.8241

Security Council Provisional Seventy-third year

8241st meeting Monday, 23 April 2018, 10.10 a.m. New York

President: Mr. Meza-Cuadra/Mr. Tenya...... (Peru)

Members: Bolivia (Plurinational State of)...... Mr. Inchauste Jordán China...... Mr. Wu Haitao Côte d’Ivoire...... Mr. Dah Equatorial Guinea...... Mrs. Mele Colifa Ethiopia...... Ms. Guadey France ...... Mrs. Gueguen Kazakhstan...... Mr. Umarov Kuwait...... Mr. Alotaibi Netherlands...... Mrs. Gregoire Van Haaren Poland...... Mr. Czaputowicz Russian Federation...... Mr. Polyanskiy Sweden ...... Ms. Schoulgin Nyoni United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . . Ms. Pierce United States of America...... Ms. Eckels-Currie

Agenda Maintenance of international peace and security Youth, peace and security Identical letters dated 2 March 2018 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Security Council (S/2018/86) Letter dated 6 April 2018 from the Permanent Representative of Peru to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General (S/2018/324)

This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the translation of speeches delivered in other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Service, room U-0506 ([email protected]). Corrected records will be reissued electronically on the Official Document System of the United Nations (http://documents.un.org).

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The meeting was called to order at 10.10 a.m. General for Economic and Social Issues, European External Action Service of the European Union; Her Adoption of the agenda Excellency Ms. Fatima Kyari Mohammed, Permanent Observer of the African Union to the United Nations; The agenda was adopted. and His Excellency Mr. Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser, High Representative for the United Nations Alliance Maintenance of international peace and security of Civilizations. Youth, peace and security The Security Council will now begin its consideration Identical letters dated 2 March 2018 from the of the item on its agenda. Secretary-General addressed to the President I wish to draw the attention of Council members to of the General Assembly and the President of document S/2018/86, which contains the text of identical the Security Council (see S/2018/86) letters dated 2 March 2018 from the Secretary-General Letter dated 6 April 2018 from the Permanent addressed to the President of the General Assembly and Representative of Peru to the United Nations the President of the Security Council. addressed to the Secretary-General (S/2018/324) I also wish to draw the attention of Council The President (spoke in Spanish): In accordance members to document S/2018/324, which contains the with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of text of a letter dated 6 April 2018 from the Permanent procedure, I invite the representatives of Argentina, Representative of Peru to the United Nations addressed Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, to the Secretary-General, transmitting a concept note Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, on the item under consideration. Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, I now give the floor to Ms. Wickramanayake. Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Guatemala, Iceland, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Ms. Wickramanayake: “One day I will become Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, President and I will bring a law that will stop people Luxembourg, Maldives, Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro, from fighting and stop using guns and bombs”, my best Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Portugal, Qatar, friend told me when we were in sixth grade. Unlike most Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, sixth graders around the world, we were not having that Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United conversation in a classroom or a playground. Instead, Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan and Yemen to participate we were whispering into each other’s ears in a safety in this meeting. bunker in the corner of our school grounds. There were bombings and suicide attacks in the capital of Sri In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s Lanka, Colombo, and running to the safety bunker was provisional rules of procedure, I invite the following a regular activity during our school days. briefers to participate in this meeting: Ms. Jayathma Wickramanayake, Secretary-General’s Envoy on Many years later, as the Secretary-General’s Youth; Mr. Graeme Simpson, lead author of the Envoy on Youth, I had an opportunity to meet and progress study on youth, peace and security; Ms. Sophia hold hands with hundreds of young people in conflict- Pierre-Antoine, Member of the Advisory Council of affected areas around the world and share their the World Young Women Christian Association; and heart-wrenching stories. But the difference was that Ms. Kessy Ekomo-Soignet, Executive Director of the some of them — without waiting to be President and Organisation URU, Central African Republic. without resources or institutional support — were already leading exceptional peacebuilding initiatives In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s in their communities, schools, townships and even provisional rules of procedure, I also invite the refugee camps. Today we celebrate those fearless following to participate in this meeting: His Excellency young peacebuilders. Mr. Dan Neculăescu, State Secretary for Regional Affairs and Multilateral Global Affairs in the Ministry Allow me to thank the Government of Peru for of Foreign Affairs of Romania, in his capacity as Chair its leadership in convening this historic open debate. of the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission; His Around this table today, in addition to Government Excellency Mr. Christian Leffler, Deputy Secretary representatives, we are three young people — young

2/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 women — about to brief the Security Council, which A little more than two years after the adoption of I believe is a first in the history of the Council and a resolution 2250 (2015), much has happened already. fair reflection of how young people, especially young Coalitions on youth, peace and security have been formed women, are turning tables and leading change on in a number of countries. Dedicated programmes, with the ground. young people at their heart, are being designed. Civil society partners have mobilized to support the work led I would like to thank Mr. Graeme Simpson, by young people. United Nations country teams have independent lead author of the progress study on experimented with ambitious programmes. Donors are youth, peace and security, appointed by the Secretary- General, as well as the Expert Advisory Group for its rethinking their funding streams. Now we have the support extended to guide Mr. Simpson’s work. I would progress study, which gives us unique insights on how also like to acknowledge the work of the United Nations young people see and experience the world we live in, Population Fund and the Peacebuilding Support Office, their hopes for peace and security and their demands which acted as secretariat for that independent report, of Governments and the multilateral system. It echoes as well as the United Nations Development Programme what I have heard from young people around the world. and other United Nations agencies for co-convening This all points to two key issues that need regional consultations with young people and the immediate attention: the growing mistrust among numerous partners from civil society and others. young generations towards formal political institutions It is not every day that the Security Council has and the exclusion of young people from political, civic an opportunity to gather around an independent report and economic life. Allow me to highlight a number of carrying the voices of over 4,000 young people from all key takeaways. regions of the world, who represented the aspirations The progress study is a critical contribution to of millions more. It was one of the most participatory the discussions on building and sustaining peace. processes ever undertaken with the United Nations This debate, on the eve of the high-level meeting on support. Those young people entrusted us to carry sustaining peace to be convened by the President of to the Security Council their hopes and unfiltered the General Assembly, shows that we are starting perspectives for a more peaceful world. Today we to see young people as the missing peace. That is will hear directly from two of them: Kessy Ekomo- directly related to the Secretary-General’s priority of Soignet from the Central African Republic and Sophia preventing conflict and violence. The youth, peace Pierre-Antoine from Haiti. and security agenda is at the intersection of Agenda The date of 23 April marks exactly three years since 2030 and its ambitious Goals. It is at the very nexus the Security Council convened its second-ever meeting of peace and security, development and human rights. (see S/PV.7432) on the role of youth in promoting peace, It also is a critical complement to the women and which was presided over by the youngest-ever Council peace and security agenda and the children and armed President, the then-21-year-old Crown Prince of Jordan. conflict agenda. The meeting recognized that young people drive change The progress study give us pointers that can inform but they are not in the driver’s seat and called for giving Member States’ ongoing thinking about the reform of them the license to help steer our common future. the United Nations and points towards new systems Thousands of young people rallied behind that call by of accountability, the engagement of civil society and using their exceptional communication and networking young people. The study offers us a new narrative on skills to mobilize behind a common cause. They the role of young people. It recognizes that only a small challenged and rejected the false narratives labelling minority of young people ever engages in violence, and them as a threat to peace and stability in society. The it warns against policy panic triggered by unfounded Security Council responded by adopting resolution assumptions that youth are violent. 2250 (2015). That resolution offers a beacon of hope to countless young women and men risking their lives This agenda is about transforming systems that to address conflict, violent extremism and the need for lead to the exclusion of young people, shifting how peace. From Cameroon to Myanmar, from Kyrgyzstan they are engaged and protecting their human rights. to Guatemala, young people use the resolution to engage The complex nature of peacebuilding and conflict their Governments and support their work. prevention requires us to tap into the potential and

18-11894 3/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 creativity of young people. As Secretary-General Countries must remove all age restrictions that limit Guterres said, young people’s political participation. “If we are serious about prevention, and Lastly, we can partner. Today’s open debate particularly about preventing conflict, we need to should be an important building block to continue our be serious about engaging with and investing in collective efforts to promote young peacebuilders. young women and men.” I have personally met young people in Iraq, Somalia and Colombia who spoke about how resolution 2250 I believe we all can agree that my generation represents (2015) is helping to close the trust deficit between promise, not peril. We should be seen as an asset, not a problem. The Security Council has a unique young people and the international community. We opportunity to redress the mistrust between young need to build on that momentum. In that connection, people, their Governments and the multilateral system I welcome the efforts of Peru and Sweden to further by opening new paths for meaningful participation and strengthen the youth, peace and security agenda by way contribution. The study offers many concrete, tangible of a follow-up draft resolution to this debate. I sincerely recommendations that I hope the Council will take hope the members of the Council will offer support that forward. As I see it, there are three main ways to do this. opens a path for regular Council discussions on this critical issue. The first is by supporting the peacebuilding work of young people: recognize it, fund it, scale it The diversity in the Chamber today is a testament up, protect it. I will not ask delegations to let young to how multiple partners from different organizational people lead, because they are already leading, but they standpoints can come together to advance progress. need inclusive, safe spaces and enabling environments That is what the courageous and important work of to succeed. Countless young people are building and young people engaged in peacebuilding demands sustaining peace in their countries. We see this in the and deserves. What history books will write about United Network of Young Peacebuilders and many other representatives here today, and what their children and organizations. Their numbers are much bigger than that grandchildren will read about them, will depend upon of their peers who have fallen prey to extremist groups. what decisions they make today. I sincerely hope that they decide that youth is no longer a subsidiary agenda, Yet those young peacebuilders rarely make the but the most important agenda for the Council and for headlines of local and international news, and they the United Nations. definitely do not boast of the same level of financial resources and freedom of mobility as those on the The President (spoke in Spanish): I thank other extreme. Many had difficulties in obtaining Ms. Wickramanayake for her very informative briefing. travel permits to be with us in the Chamber today and I now give the floor to Mr. Simpson. used innovative means, such as crowdfunding and space-sharing to get here. Those young people deserve Mr. Simpson: It is an extraordinary honour to be more investments and more news headlines. I invite all able to address the Security Council today. I am very young people in the Chamber to raise their hands so that grateful to the Ambassador of Peru for hosting this we can recognize their presence and show solidarity to open debate. I am especially privileged to brief the those who could not be with us today in person. Council alongside three remarkable young women from three continents. The Council has set an important Secondly, we can prioritize political participation precedent today: young women acting, leading and for young people to be fully engaged. That includes speaking truth to power to help shape a more peaceful ensuring that young people have a space at the peace and secure future. table, that their voices are heard as peace is negotiated for Syria, South Sudan, Colombia, Yemen, Myanmar Being appointed by the Secretary-General has and beyond. On peacebuilding strategies and action been a once-in-a-lifetime privilege, especially with a plans, young people must be key stakeholders, not mandate to document the positive contributions that mere recipients of directions. Young people should young people around the world are making to building feel that their vote counts and should be engaged in and sustaining peace, resolving conflict and preventing electoral processes and political party structures, and violence. I must also thank the 21 expert advisers not be considered too young to run for public office. appointed by the Secretary-General to support my study,

4/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 and make the point that at least half of them are young assumption is that most young people are susceptible themselves, as well as the institutional members of the to recruitment into violent extremist groups. There is Steering Committee that have overseen the process. little to no evidence to support such policy panic, but the result has still been disproportionate investment From the very outset, it was evident that addressing the exclusion and marginalization of 1.8 billion young in hard-fisted security measures that address the people globally was at the heart of the progress study consequences and not the causes of violent conflict. on youth, peace and security. Nearly a quarter of those The impact or the cost-effectiveness of those measures young people — at least 408 million — are living in is seldom if ever properly evaluated. situations where they are exposed to violence. In The reality is that the vast majority of young undertaking this study, it was clear that we could not people are not involved in violence. We should not afford to make the mistake of reproducing the very romanticize that. Most young people are just getting on problem of exclusion that we were attempting to solve. We with their lives, but many others are exercising great therefore designed an inclusive, participatory approach, courage, creativity and resilience in working for peace which was indispensable to the legitimacy of the study and security — usually voluntarily, and often under and its findings. We conducted seven regional youth hazardous conditions. Yet that resourcefulness remains consultations and supplemented those with national largely unappreciated as a universal social asset, and is and online consultations, country-specific research in consequently severely undersupported. 27 countries, numerous thematic studies and surveys of youth-led peacebuilding organizations, Member States But the study paints a picture of how young and United Nations entities. To ensure that we heard people are undertaking peace work in virtually every from young people who would not normally have a voice society across the globe. They are working across in this type of global policy process, we also facilitated all the phases of peace and conflict cycles, including 281 focus groups in 44 countries around the world. We early interventions to prevent the outbreak of violence listened to over 4,200 young people around the globe. in relatively peaceful societies, as well as working to A core message they conveyed is that there is a growing prevent the continuation or the escalation of violence trust gap between young people and their Governments, in situations of ongoing conflict. They have a key role multilateral organizations and even international civil to play at the table in formal peace processes and also society organizations. That is a challenge that must be in consolidating peace and preventing the recurrence of embraced, not fended off. It reflects a trust deficit that conflict through dialogue, post-conflict reconstruction we have to bridge. and reconciliation. The young people whom we consulted also Young men and women contribute to social cohesion understood that they are not trusted by their by building peace from the most local level, in their Governments and leaders. Instead, they are treated as a families and communities, to national, regional and problem to be solved, or worse still, as a threat. As one international levels. They are working across different young man said to us, “Society gives you an eternal kinds of conflict and with different types of violence, tattoo, a label of an offender, a failure, or a source including violent crime, gender-based violence, of problems”. The stereotypical youth is represented political violence and terrorism. They are expanding as a young man with a gun, while young women are their reach through innovative partnerships with local inevitably consigned to the status of passive victims. Government, civil society and civic and women’s Those gendered stereotypes associate all young people organizations, and building regional and global with the risks of violence. In so doing, they deprive networks. Furthermore, they are forging new pathways them of their voice, agency and leadership as the drivers and spaces through art, culture, sports and especially of change and innovators for peace. through the creative occupation of cyberspace, social Those stereotypes have led to some misleading media and the development of new technologies for policy assumptions. The first among them is that bulging peace. Finally, young people continue to contribute youth populations necessarily produce an increased to meaningful change through their peaceful dissent risk of violent conflict. The second assumes that and protest, seeking justice, challenging corruption, young refugees or youth migration present new threats demanding freedom of movement and expression and of terrorist infiltration and violent crime. The third protesting gun violence.

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Through that work on peace and security, there Seizing that opportunity will require some is an alternative opportunity for Member States and major shifts and a bold reorientation. It demands that international actors to invest in the upside: young Member States and the multilateral system move from people’s resilient commitment to peace. To do that remedial responses to genuine prevention approaches. effectively, it is necessary to move from exclusion to the That reorientation requires a significant shift from meaningful inclusion of young people. It is ultimately investing in hard security based on risk to investing in only through countering the violence of exclusion youth-led peace work based on resilience. It requires that we can prevent the violence of extremism in all a commitment to new partnerships, particularly with its forms. civil society organizations and especially those that For the inclusion of youth to be meaningful, it are youth-led and youth-focused. It also necessitates a must be comprehensive. That requires that politics new culture and societal norms that do not demonize, be genuinely inclusive of young women and men in romanticize or, worse still, patronize youth, but rather representative political and policy forums that shape demand accountability and provide the preventive their lives and define their interactions with the State, incentive required for the implementation of resolution as well as having youth at the table when peace is 2250 (2015). being negotiated or reconciliation and reconstruction The study provides a series of recommendations are being planned. It demands the full economic that offer stepping stones towards those changes. It inclusion of youth, beyond just jobs, in the development does so in three broad areas. of their communities and societies, through all of the Sustainable Development Goals. It is imperative that we First, there is a set of proposals for investing in the fully protect young people from direct violence and its capacities, agency and leadership of youth, including traumatic effects, but we also must protect the spaces, funding mechanisms, facilitating and protecting an human rights and the enabling environment necessary enabling environment for youth peace work, and for their peace work, including their peaceful dissent producing age- and gender-disaggregated data so that and protest. we can properly assess progress. Secondly, it includes concrete proposals for how to expand the meaningful It is essential to recognize the unique experiences inclusion in each of the political, economic and of young women, and also the importance of cultivating sociocultural spheres that I outlined earlier. Thirdly and positive versions of masculine identity that do not depend on control and power over women or violence. finally, it offers recommendations for building national, It means not only investing in education for peace and regional and global partnerships and collaborations prioritizing the protection of places of learning as safe through youth, peace and security coalitions at the spaces and hubs of social cohesion, but also responding national level; developing dialogue and consultation to young people’s demands for peace education as platforms for young people inside and outside the a crucial tool in building and sustaining peace and United Nations; establishing advisory boards and youth preventing violence. It necessitates the leadership and advisory councils at the country and regional levels; facilitation of young people in the disengagement and and utilizing regular reporting mechanisms on progress reintegration of former fighters and those who have to the Council. been drawn into violent underworlds. In conclusion, I must finally express my The interests of young people and the work they appreciation for the commitment of the young people do naturally traverse the pillars of peace, development around the globe who suspended their disbelief, trusted and human rights, and they make it clear that protection that we would listen and spoke candidly. I promised and prevention are inseparable. The comprehensive them that in what I wrote and presented here, they inclusion of young people, coupled with the necessary would be able to see themselves and hear their voices. investment in their ownership and leadership, is That is “the missing peace” in our world. The question indispensable to building and sustaining peace. That is is not whether we address that, it is only about how. what it takes to translate the demographic dividend of The President (spoke in Spanish): I thank Mr. Simpson youthful populations into an effective peace dividend for his very informative briefing. for the entire globe — for all societies, and not just those riven by violent conflict. I now give the floor to Ms. Pierre-Antoine.

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Ms. Pierre-Antoine: I am deeply thankful to His in fact they were only trying to protect their loved Excellency Ambassador Gustavo Meza-Cuadra of Peru ones. Cultures that do not allow men to express their for inviting me to speak before the Security Council feelings and that offer only violent role models foster today during this important debate on youth, peace, an atmosphere in which unhealthy and oppressive and security. behaviours are normalized and rewarded. That type of toxic masculinity creates situations that fuel insecurity My name is Sophia Pierre-Antoine. I was born in in the home and streets and, ultimately, for the entire Haiti in 1991, as a coup d’état was unfolding. I was a community. The narrative of young men as perpetrators teenager when the next coup took place, in 2004. Like of violence must be changed. many young women and men of my generation, my childhood and adolescence were marked by periods of I am here before the Council today to talk about violence and political instability. Many might be quick the gender aspect of youth, peace, and security. I urge to think that such challenging circumstances made my everyone to recognize that transforming cities, public fellow young Haitians frustrated, exasperated, violent spaces and homes into safe spaces for young women or helpless victims. Yet we are the ones leading a daily and transgender youth is a human right. That is what struggle to ensure security in our streets, peace in our we are striving to achieve with the progress study. I homes and justice in our communities. was privileged to be part of the consultations organized within the framework of the progress study for the Latin Following the 2010 earthquake, which killed American and Caribbean region and at the global level. I hundreds of thousands of people and displaced witnessed the passion and drive of young peacebuilders over 1 million others, the World Young Women globally. Discussing the topic of peace and security is Christian Association of Haiti, a locally led feminist not easy and has led to deeply challenging, but also non-governmental organization for and by young profoundly honest, conversations. Although we shared women, was quick to offer psychosocial support in our experiences, failures and setbacks, we mainly shared internally displaced persons (IDP) camps. During one our lessons learned and victories. We were provided of the group therapy sessions in an area prone to conflict with an appropriate platform and a caring ear, and were among rival gangs, a young girl shared the fact that she therefore able to discuss openly. As a result, behind was not afraid of another earthquake, but afraid of older each of the recommendations of the progress study are men coming into her tent at night. Those girls were also multiple testimonies of pain, loss and disillusion, but afraid of the ones who were supposed to provide aid but also stories of courage, hope and success. in the end contributed to more abuse. Such inclusive platforms enabling young women For years, young women organized discussion and men to take part in peace and security discussions groups and workshops to change attitudes and gender are rare. I hope that Member States can replicate norms that contribute to the high rates of violence that inclusive participatory methodology so as to and impunity within IDP camps and neighbouring further support the work of young peacebuilders in communities. In the process, they became community their countries. All of us — the young people who leaders and role models for younger girls to look up participated in the progress study — are very clear to. That is a testament to the importance of adapting that we do not want more weaponized forces that peacebuilding work to a feminist and age-appropriate terrorize the poor, the indigenous, the racial and ethnic framework. Effectively addressing the concerns of minorities, those with disabilities and illnesses and young women and girls, including trauma healing, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning empowers and fosters leadership skills. The narrative youth. Much money is spent on military action globally, of young women as powerless victims must be changed. when it could be spent on advancing the Sustainable Development Goals. Instead, young people called for The rule of law was often not present in communities investment in positive, peaceful and practical solutions. with which I worked. Local Government and police On behalf of all of us, in particular on behalf of my were either absent, overwhelmed or complicit. Young fellow young women peacebuilders, we expect the men organized themselves and formed patrol groups following of the Security Council. to block gangs from entering their communities. Because of gender stereotypes, it would be easy to see First, we ask for investment in and support for those young men as loitering or violent youth, when young women, men and transgender youth fighting

18-11894 7/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 racism, xenophobia, religious intolerance, homophobia, country in which 72 per cent of the population is under transphobia, sexism and discrimination directed against the age of 35 and which, sadly, is known as one of the people with disabilities. That is indispensable to rethink poorest and most dangerous nations in the world, and the power relations that are breaking down our societies one of the worst in which to be young. As we all know, and contributing to extremism and terrorism. our position in such international rankings is not a death Secondly, we ask for advocating for meaningful sentence. Currently, together with many other young inclusion by recognizing the strength in the multiple people from other countries with whom we share last identities of young people. The participation of diverse place in those rankings, we are aware that this is merely youth at all levels will ensure that our race, gender, part of the story. In that widely disseminated version of sexual orientation, religion, ethnic background and the story, we often wear the label of persecutor, victim ability are not a systematic source of exclusion, or of the mere recipient of aid. discrimination or being made invisible. The other part of the story concerning us — the Thirdly, we ask that the Council work to ensure youth of the Central African Republic — lies elsewhere, that age and gender are always an integral part of peace and we are vividly writing it today. It is the story of our and security discussions. Almost 20 years ago, women acknowledged role as women and men in peacebuilding, and men came together around resolution 1325 (2000), peacekeeping, our families, communities, countries, on women and peace and security. Now people of all continents and the world. Many of us are working ages are coming together around resolution 2250 (2015) tirelessly to prevent and end violence, silence the to ensure the inclusion of younger generations. That weapons, promote dialogue and social cohesion and is crucial to incorporating young women in all formal foster our own blossoming through actions we are conflict assessments, peacebuilding programming and taking within our organizations and in other meeting security processes, as well as recognizing, supporting places. It was my honour and fortune to work every day and ensuring the protection and safety of young with my peers in the Central African Republic, and I peacebuilders and human rights defenders. had an opportunity to work with many young people from various countries in the context of the study on Globally, we young people have achieved incredible youth, peace and security (see S/2018/86) carried out milestones and contributed to peace and security efforts after the adoption of resolution 2250 (2015). with very limited support and resources. Imagine what we could do if we had access to additional data and I wish to stress that, for many young people, flexible funding and how we could contribute to policies the resolution and the study are much more than and projects if we held more positions in Governments documents. They are key strategic tools that allow us and United Nations agencies and leadership roles in to forge new relations with our authorities and with the the public and private sectors. It is by supporting our United Nations system. It is true that there has been initiatives and movements, fostering partnerships, a shift in recent years on the representation of young strengthening meaningful, diverse and inclusive people in forums on peace and security at the local, participation, and ensuring the protection of young national, regional and global levels. But does that signal women and men and transgender youth that sustainable their true participation at all levels? Can we be sure peace can become a reality. that our contributions, our needs, our aspirations will The President (spoke in Spanish): I thank be effectively taken into account in the final decisions Ms. Pierre-Antoine for her very informative briefing. and recommendations? I now give the floor to Ms. Ekomo-Soignet. Our representation must not be merely symbolic. It must not be limited to public launchings and Ms. Ekomo-Soignet (spoke in French): I thank His demonstrations. Unfortunately, in many of our countries, Excellency Ambassador Gustavo Meza-Cuadra of Peru there are still attempts to validate the representation of for having invited me to participate in this debate on our youth as a favour to them. The consequences of that youth, peace and security. favour, without real vision or collaboration with young Beyond this debate, I believe now is a key moment people, are not generally felt immediately, but rather in for reaffirming the place and role of youth in building a the long term, widening the gap between the youth and better world. I am from the Central African Republic — a the State.

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For a long time, youth in the Central African integration of young people with local representatives Republic have not been taken into account in the various in order to evaluate their economic needs before attempts at conflict resolution. It is only recently that any measures are drafted, and in the planning, the work carried out by our youth, alongside their peers, implementation and monitoring of youth employment to prevent violence, combat rumours and strengthen programmes. Such programmes must target the most social cohesion has started to be highlighted. We see disenfranchised young people in order to ensure that new willingness among Government partners, the they are the primary beneficiaries of such employment United Nations Mission and United Nations agencies to initiatives and to avoid exclusive access by the elite, commit to working with us. And we are proud of that. which would only accentuate inequality. We move forward with the feeling that we are helping our country. We are making our contribution. Finally, we call for the preservation of the rule of law, particularly by protecting young people from I come before the Security Council today to launch being arrested and arbitrarily detained, putting an an appeal to partnership. The Council is no longer alone. end to impunity and ensuring that the principles of We are here, at its side, to build the peace we all strive access to justice and accountability are enforced even- for. That partnership will not be possible unless we handedly. Young men and women must be the preferred agree to move beyond our prejudices and stereotypes, discussion partners in the context of the creation and unless we agree to work together constructively and implementation of security and criminal justice reforms. effectively and move past our eloquent speeches. We must take action now. The year 2025 will mark the tenth anniversary of resolution 2250 (2015). We expect an investment of The partnership will take various forms and will $1 per young person by then — that is, $1.8 billion require strategic choices and substantial, crucial to support the commitment to youth and peace and financing. We are counting on the Security Council security. Let us meet that challenge to make those and all Member States to adopt and implement quotas aspirations a reality. in order to ensure the direct participation of young people, with equal representation of the sexes at all The President (spoke in Spanish): I thank stages of the formal processes for peaceful political Ms. Ekomo-Soignet for her very informative briefing. transition. That must start with the negotiations I shall now give the floor to the members of the preceding the implementation stage, in the framework Security Council. of a national dialogue. in the drafting of a constitution and of a transitional justice mechanism, or in any I call on the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Poland. other political process related to peace and security. Mr. Czaputowicz (Poland): I would like to thank Those mechanisms should enable enhanced exchanges you, Mr. President, and the Republic of Peru for among young people from all walks of life, focusing convening today’s meeting, as well as to congratulate more specifically on ensuring the participation of you on your presidency. I also thank the briefers for young women, and should guarantee that the necessary their excellent presentations and commendable work in financing and security measures are in place. preparation for today’s meeting. We also call on our Governments to institutionalize Poland welcomes the progress study on youth, peace measures to bridge the gap between young people and and security (see S/2018/86), which will help shape local and national representatives in institutions and a forward-looking strategy for the implementation mechanisms for governance by creating youth advisory of the resolution 2250 (2015). We appreciate this all- committees and by facilitating the participation of encompassing document, which touches upon the young people in elective tenures by aligning the age most crucial issues affecting the young generation. We of eligibility with the voting age. We call upon States would favour an annual implementation report by the to invest in the establishment of protected local Secretary-General on youth, peace and security, as well spaces where civic dialogue can take place and where as yearly Security Council open debates on this issue. young people identify together priority actions for their communities in the areas of peacebuilding and Youth empowerment and participation are development, and participate in decisions regarding indispensable to enhancing the inclusivity and equality the allocation of financial resources. We call for the of our societies. Young people are the cornerstone of

18-11894 9/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 sustainable development and lasting peace. They need that youth can play in enhancing sustainability and not only quality education, vocational training, skills inclusiveness, as well as in the success of peacekeeping development and access to digital technologies and and peacebuilding efforts. services, but also employment and entrepreneurial We need to acknowledge the different prospects opportunities. The most constructive way to empower young people and ensure that they will not be of young people worldwide in the employment, radicalized is to offer them credible and constructive education, health-care, civic and political spheres. ways to positively contribute to their communities. If Based on Poland’s experience, young people are deeply youth remain excluded from national and international committed to engaging in non-governmental activities, peacebuilding efforts, then instability and extremism and they contribute significantly to the culture of peace will continue to pose serious threats to our societies. at various levels in various areas. First of all, we should provide youth around the In the 1980s, the Solidarity movement contributed world with a wide range of educational opportunities greatly to the peaceful transition to democracy in as a key element of development and life improvement. Poland and in countries of the whole region. As a The international community must mobilize resources phenomenon that combined a trade union, a social to improve the learning prospects of young people movement and an aspiration for freedom and respect and to support inclusive labour policies. Those goals for human rights, Solidarity was a non-violent struggle are also an important part of Poland’s foreign policy. against the authoritarian Communist regime. Youth We believe that, in order to make lasting change in the played a prominent role in that struggle. world, we need to act at the source of the problems. Pope John Paul II strongly supported Polish society I recently visited Rwanda, on the occasion of in its uphill struggle for democracy. His close ties with granting the Raphael Lemkin International Award in young people are also well known. On the celebration Kigali. I was also in Kibeho, a town in the southern part of World Day of Peace in 1985, Pope John Paul II stated of the country, where I visited the Educational Institute in his message that young people must not be satisfied for Blind Children, led by the Polish Franciscan with an instinctive desire for peace, and that desire Sisters Servants of the Cross and funded by the Polish must be transformed into a firm moral conviction that Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The Institute, which is the encompasses the full range of human problems and only educational facility for blind children in Rwanda, builds on deeply treasured values. provides its students not only with basic education, but also with vocational training, thereby preparing them Poland strongly supports the engagement of young to enter the labour market. It contributes to a change people in democratic processes, as it increases their in attitude on the part of the Rwandan society towards visibility and political participation. At the same time, blind children. That unique project is an excellent young people remain highly vulnerable. Therefore, example of an inclusive and comprehensive approach all efforts are needed to strengthen their protection to development, which we promote as part of our and to address their particular needs. Young people foreign policy. are recognized as agents of change, entrusted to There are examples of such an approach in other fulfil their own potential and to build a world fit for countries as well. In Lebanon, for instance, together future generations. with our German partners, we implemented a project to Poland supports strategies and programmes that rehabilitate public schools for children of both refugees promote youth-led initiatives fostering intergenerational and the local community. In Jordan and Lebanon, we dialogue, tolerance and reconciliation. In 2016, young are providing informal education to young Syrian people from all over the world came to the city of Kraków refugees, who are often excluded from the national in Poland to meet Pope Francis and to celebrate World educational system. Youth Day. Those 1.6 million young people brought Resolution 2250 (2015), on youth, peace and with them a spirit of peace, solidarity and friendliness. security, was a valuable step in recognizing the We should act together in a similar way to address all needs and the potential of youth in the prevention and symptoms of violence and to ensure that there is less resolution of conflict. It reaffirmed the important role and less racial, ethnic and religious prejudice.

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The youth of any region of the world need a set up mechanisms that would ensure the inclusion positive environment so as to develop their potential. and meaningful participation of youth in meeting Poland welcomes the proposals included in the progress today’s challenges. study on youth, peace and security. We agree that it We therefore endorse the findings and recommendations is indispensable to make more efforts to allow young of the progress study, which outlines a three-fold people to fully benefit from their rights and to provide strategy to shift to a new paradigm of youth, peace them with a voice, helping them to become active and and security. We also support the initiative of Peru and responsible citizens. We also agree that increasing the Sweden to adopt a new draft resolution on youth, peace economic and educational opportunities for all young and security that will contribute to the implementation people is pivotal, as that in turn helps to build more of resolution 2250 (2015) across the world, as well peaceful and equal societies. as broadening youth participation in the work of the I shall conclude by underlining the primary United Nations. role and responsibility of national Governments in Youth do not play one, single role in conflict the process of youth empowerment as part of efforts situations. As a vulnerable sector of society, they to maintain peace and security. If we are serious require mechanisms that are able to protect them from about ensuring a better life for our families and for violent conflict and to prevent their radicalization. future generations, there is simply no alternative to Beyond that, young people are positive agents of change, investing in young people, giving them a voice in all building sustainable peace in their societies. We believe relevant decision-making processes and building solid that they should play an important role in fulfilling the partnerships with youth as a bridge to a more peaceful, new agenda for peace, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable sustainable and prosperous world. Development and other global processes. Mr. Umarov (Kazakhstan): I commend the To utilize the tremendous potential of youth in delegation of Peru for highlighting the important and creating and maintaining peaceful environments, they positive role of youth in maintaining international must be provided the opportunities to be involved in peace and security. I also thank Ms. Wickramanayake, decision-making at all levels, in mechanisms for the the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth; Mr. Simpson, prevention, management and resolution of conflict lead author of the progress study on youth, peace and in peace negotiations. It is particularly important and security; and civil society representatives to engage youth in constructive activities to assist Ms. Pierre-Antoine and Ms. Ekomo-Soignet for their processes of democratization, elections, building comprehensive briefings on the progress made in the State institutions, enforcing the rule of law, fighting implementation of resolution 2250 (2015), on youth, corruption, and disarmament, demobilization and peace and security. reintegration. Of equal importance are sustainable and Today’s youth comprise 1.8 billion people, nearly predictable investments in youth-centred development. 500 million of whom live in conflict-affected areas. We therefore support the recommendation of the Resolution 2250 (2015) is the first effort of its kind progress study to allocate $1.8 billion by 2025 for the and the only global policy instrument to go beyond the tenth anniversary of resolution 2250 (2015). traditional approaches defined by the involvement of We believe that the international community needs youth in peace and security as a securitization measure to work together in order to develop a comprehensive and to recognize and promote the potential of youth global framework related to youth with a whole-of-pillar inclusion in issues of peace and security. approach, which above all will ensure the security- development nexus and promote the vision of a more The resolution serves as a critical step forward. effective, transparent and accountable United Nations, However, in itself it cannot ensure that youth are at Headquarters and on the ground, delivering as One continuously and meaningfully engaged in issues of United Nations. We therefore call for coordinated peace and security. While there are many youth-led and comprehensive efforts at the grassroots, national, initiatives operating around the world to bring about regional and global levels. sustainable peace, there is a lack of support from the national authorities. It is the responsibility of Member I wish to share the experience of my country. States to implement resolution 2250 (2015) and to Kazakhstan has made considerable progress across

18-11894 11/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 all five main components of resolution 2250 (2015), Kazakhstan 2050 national strategy, by which we strive with a focus on participation, partnership and to be ranked among the top 30 developed countries prevention measures. First of all, we are constantly of the world, and wherein youth will be our richest increasing inclusive representation for youth at all national resource. levels of decision-making. We also support our youth We are focusing on prevention measures in by creating an atmosphere conducive to inclusion Afghanistan as part of our efforts to advance a and social cohesion, including through establishing revamped regional approach. Since 2010, we have been and strengthening partnerships with relevant youth implementing a $50 million scholarship programme organizations. As far back as 2002, we created the Youth with a view to educating 1,000 Afghan students in Congress, which is made up of active youth movements Kazakhstan’s educational institutions. and organizations that shape youth policy directives. Of course, we could do more, and we need to Kazakhstan also strongly focuses on prevention do more. Today’s briefers made a very passionate by eradicating poverty, creating employment and and convincing case for all of us to act swiftly and educating youth — women in particular — as well as by meaningfully to empower youth. In conclusion, I would supporting their dynamic ideas and aspirations. That is like to assure the Council of Kazakhstan’s readiness perhaps the kind of support that young men and women to join the multilateral action to transform the lives need the most. Our country has adopted a comprehensive of our youth globally with a view to their becoming set of policies to provide free education, vocational responsible leaders in the promotion of peace, stability training, intensive job creation and entrepreneurship. and prosperity. Kazakhstan’s Bolashak Scholarship — meaning Future Generation Scholarship — was launched in 1993 and Mr. Alotaibi (Kuwait) (spoke in Arabic): I thank gives more than 4,000 Kazakh young men and women you, Mr. President, for convening this important an opportunity annually to study in leading foreign debate. I would also like to thank all of the briefers higher education institutions. It has been recognized for their important contributions at the beginning of among the best academic mobility programmes in the this meeting. world. Those who finished the scholarship programme The topic of our debate today is of special importance today occupy ministerial and other influential positions for two main reasons. First, it is because this is the in society. first time this item has been included on the agenda of We also dissuade youth from using violence that the Security Council since the adoption of resolution serves extremist causes by implementing comprehensive 2250 (2015), on youth, peace and security. Secondly, development programmes. In particular, we have it is because we firmly believe that participation in the successfully completed the national programme on development of young people in any society is closely countering religious extremism and terrorism for the related to the development, progress and prosperity period 2013-2017, having allocated approximately of peoples and countries. The Council unanimously $600 million for preventive measures for the entire adopted resolution 2250 (2015) on 9 December 2015. youth population. As a nation of 130 ethnic groups It was the first resolution to directly highlight the and 16 major religions, Kazakhstan enjoys peace and important and positive role played by young women and stability since our thrust has been to make tolerance men in maintaining international peace and security. and respect our guiding principles. Youth vulnerability Over the past two years, many of the parties concerned, and their strengths will be the focus of the sixth including the United Nations, Member States and triennial Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional civil society organizations and, most important, Religions, to be held in Astana in October. young people themselves, have translated this historic resolution into specific steps and actions. Last month, the President of Kazakhstan addressed the nation with his message of the Five Social Initiatives. I would like to commend the recently published They include a significant increase in educational grants progress study on youth, peace and security (see and teachers’ salaries, a reduction of tax to 1 per cent S/2018/86), as well as the recommendations included for low-paid workers, new opportunities to purchase therein, which refer to the participation of young housing and the construction of student hostels. Those women and men in peacebuilding and which include visionary measures are aimed at implementing our practical guidelines for working together with young

12/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 people in new and innovative ways. I want to highlight in 2013, which enables young people to improve and three aspects in today’s debate. The first covers the develop their skills so they can contribute effectively challenges hampering the implementation of the youth, to society, while disseminating the concepts of peace peace and security agenda. The second pertains to and tolerance. The State of Kuwait was named the positive examples of the implementation of this agenda. capital for Arab youth 2017, with the slogan “The Youth And the third relates to steps that should be undertaken Are Here”. in order to guarantee the implementation of the agenda. The third aspect pertains to the steps that need With respect to the first aspect, many young people to be taken in order to implement the youth, peace around the world, especially those living in developing and security agenda. We fully agree with what countries or in countries affected by conflict, are was mentioned in the progress study prepared by struggling for access to the most basic needs, including Mr. Simpson, namely, that young people are the education, jobs and health services, as well as to exercise central pillar of developing and building societies, and their civil liberties and political participation. Without a key element in achieving security and peace. Any those essential needs being met, young people cannot Government that ignores the development of youth in prosper, grow or participate fully in the development of its society is losing the fundamental missing piece, and their societies. disabling security and peace. In the Arab world, for example, the unemployment Moreover, we would like to stress the importance rate among youth has reached 30 per cent. It is the of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals highest rate of unemployment in the world as a result and perceiving its principles as fundamental factors of being unable to translate progress in education for the sustainability of peace and security. That into decent jobs for young people, beside the fast cannot be achieved without supporting young people demographic growth which limits the benefits of and civil society institutions and organizations that demographic dividends and fuels more social and focus on them. We underscore the need to invest in economic tensions in the region. There are also the young people in order to help them build their abilities negative stereotypes associated with young people according to principles and values that make them that hamper their participation in and contribution to avoid the scourge of crime and networks of corruption security and peacebuilding, especially the stereotypes and ideological extremism. That is done by supporting that associate them with violent phenomena. and strengthening national, regional and international peace networks that deal with youth and by providing Conflicts are spreading throughout the world. them with protection and education, particularly in That is another obstacle to the participation and conflict-affected areas. the contribution of young people to safeguard and strengthen peace and security. The Arab region has In conclusion, I would like to quote His Highness regrettably experienced the most terrible conflicts, and Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Amir of many of its young people face an enormous number of the State of Kuwait, who spoke about today’s debate obstacles and have no way of seeing their ambitions as follows: fulfilled. Those conflicts have destroyed their dreams “Young people are our greatest fortune and our best and future. Unemployment has increased their despair investment. We must develop their skills, polish and insecurity. Poverty has stolen their legitimate right their talents and exhort them to use education to a decent life. Terrorism and extremism have taken and knowledge so that they can be more mature their innocence hostage. Those are serious threats to and responsible and so they can be immune to the future and sustained development of countries. We perverse ideologies”. must therefore tackle the root causes of conflict. Ms. Eckels-Currie (United States of America): I Concerning the second aspect, the study points out thank Jayathma, Sophia and Kessy for their briefings many positive examples of contributions to peace made this morning. These amazing young women inspire and by young people around the world. We in the State of humble us all with their poise, power and energy. Kuwait are aware of the importance of youth and their central role in building the Kuwait of the future. We It is such a great relief to be here today. Whereas therefore established a State ministry for youth affairs we usually spend our time discussing some of the

18-11894 13/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 most challenging and dispiriting events in the world, outstanding global youth leaders who have made a real today, instead, we get to discuss a topic that is positive, impact as peacebuilders. motivating and encouraging for all of us: youth, peace One of those outstanding leaders is 24-year-old and security. Tanzil Ferdous of Bangladesh, who promotes youth and The United States supported resolution 2250 (2015) community development and women’s rights in that because we believe it is imperative for the Security country. As the President of Volunteer for Bangladesh, Council to encourage youth to contribute to peace and Chittagong, the largest platform for youth volunteerism security. We strongly welcome the Secretary-General’s in Bangladesh, in 2015 Tanzil organized numerous progress study on youth and peace and security (see successful events for community development, engaged S/2018/86), which says very clearly just how crucial and hundreds of young people in volunteerism simply overdue this conversation is, and we thank Mr. Simpson because she believes that if young people are engaged for his work on the report. and motivated to do community service, they will be deterred from violent extremist activities. She is now When we say youth, it is important to put the working with Rohingya refugees, helping to support a numbers into perspective. The progress study notes that safe space for 500 children in the Rohingya camps. there are 1.8 billion young people in the world, which is a huge number but it only represents young people We will also recognize Omar Dahman, Executive between the ages of 10 and 24, the former United Director of the Hebron Youth Development Resource Nations definition before resolution 2250 (2015). Within Centre, in the West Bank. He has created a unique the United States, we often define youth more broadly, safe space for over 2,000 Palestinian young people as anyone under the age of 35. If that definition is used, to learn, interact and lead, including using youth-to- we are talking about more than 4.5 billion people, or youth entrepreneurship, peacebuilding training and 60 per cent of the world’s population. This is both an civic engagement. incredible opportunity and a huge challenge. The knowledge that young people are the If empowered with meaningful opportunities and primary targets for potential recruitment by extremist treated in a fair, just and inclusive manner, global organizations should prompt us to build upon current youth can be a catalyst for economic growth and lasting efforts to engage this generation by supporting their peace the world over, but if ignored, marginalized voices, ideas and youth-led local solutions. Push or disempowered, if treated in an unjust or unfair factors such as poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, manner, they risk becoming vulnerable to the forces of discrimination, boredom and marginalization can lead instability and conflict. The stakes could therefore not people down paths of violent extremism. Pull factors be higher for all of us. We cannot afford to marginalize such as ideology, a sense of belonging, the prospects or ignore 4.5 billion people, especially when we have of fame or glory and other benefits can draw people the ability to influence their choices in a positive towards violent extremist groups. We are in a race way. As evidenced by our incredible speakers today, against terrorists and violent extremists. We must many young people have the drive, tenacity and ability do more to address the push and pull factors driving necessary to help bring sustainable peace and stability young people to violent extremism and provide to countries around the world, and we should waste no better alternatives. time in tapping into that talent. Young people today We can start by providing greater educational demand a seat at the table, and we should not hesitate to opportunities to youth across the globe, to both young make room for them. men and women. Education is also a critical preventive The United States has long recognized that young tool that can help deter youth from the enticement of people have the ability to help drive their communities, global extremists or global criminal networks. We economies and countries forward, and we proudly invest can also address some of the underlying feelings in in exchanges and programmes aimed at empowering relation to a lack of fairness and justice that many youth to achieve greater peace and prosperity. Next young people feel when rule-of-law issues are ignored. week, on 2 May, we will hold the third Emerging Important factors such as equal treatment under the Young Leaders Awards and Exchange Programme law, protecting the freedom of expression and public in Washington, D.C., where we will recognize 10 avenues to voice discontent and ensuring access to

14/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 political and economic opportunities help to thwart the leaders in the fight against violent extremism and its attraction of violent extremist ideologies. drivers, address the push and pull factors that open the door to violent extremism for so many disenfranchised The United States is committed to developing youth, allow space for young leaders to bring forward programmes that promote leadership and prosperity. political solutions to some of today’s most intractable One example of a programme we undertake that aims problems, provide more positive alternative pathways to prevent violent extremism is the Peer-To-Peer: for our young people and continue to find creative Challenging Extremism programme, which is a public- ways to strengthen partnerships between Government private partnership with over 40 universities worldwide, and youth, because the young people with us in the in which university students compete to develop the Chamber today are not just our future, they are also our best anti-terrorist narratives. In Tunisia, we support present — right now, today. young leaders through the Sharekna project, working with their communities to strengthen resilience in the Mrs. Gueguen (France) (spoke in French): I thank face of economic, political and social stresses. Young you, Sir, for convening today’s open debate on a topic leaders are mapping their communities and facilitating that the Council should indeed address and for inviting community dialogues to identify issues, then working Ms. Jayathma Wickramanayake, the Secretary- with stakeholders to respond to these challenges. General’s Envoy on Youth, and Mr. Graeme Simpson, Director of Interpeace USA. I thank them for their very The Secretary-General’s progress study shows insightful briefings. that in 2016 there were more than 408 million young people residing in settings affected by armed conflict I would also like to welcome in particular Ms. Sophia or organized violence. How can we empower them to Pierre-Antoine of Haiti and Ms. Kessy Ekomo-Soignet define their futures and overcome life’s obstacles? This of the Central African Republic. France welcomes the is done, first of all, by protecting them. In fiscal year youth representative who is here in the Security Council 2017, the United States provided more than $8 billion in for the first time. emergency humanitarian assistance worldwide, and we First, I would like to echo and underscore that will continue to provide life-saving protection for the it is important to combat preconceived notions and world’s most vulnerable populations. stereotypes about young people, embrace their true The United States, through our more than 300 potential and give them the trust and support they Embassies, Consulates and Diplomatic Missions all deserve. Although, youth is synonymous with vitality over the world, maintains strong partnerships with and energy, young people are paradoxically often host Governments, non-governmental organizations viewed as a burden and, as it pertains to security, even and youth-focused organizations on the ground. We a threat. They are puppets of the violence deemed to be strongly support programmes that address drivers of intrinsic or easily manipulated by armed or criminal conflict and violence, by engaging young people as groups. Stereotypes about young people serve to partners and key actors in fostering social cohesion justify the use of repressive force against them and and tolerance. We must focus on those and other efforts violations of their most basic rights, in particular their aimed at ensuring that young people are engaged on right to peaceful protest and to be heard, including in issues of conflict and security, that they are empowered armed conflict. to take action to prevent and mitigate violence affecting Young people are too often the victims of their communities and that their voices are elevated discrimination and are by and large excluded from above the fray of conflicting geopolitical interests. the decision-making processes of political institutions and from the labour market. The majority of young We have come a long way and made strides in people demonstrate a genuine ability to work together firmly establishing young people as partners for peace, to propose innovative solutions to problems they but we need to continue building upon resolution 2250 encounter or to the ills of the societies in which they (2015) and turn the ink into action. More than half of the live. It is therefore essential to reflect on how to provide global population will be affected by the commitments young people with greater holistic support. made in the Security Council today, and we therefore urge Council members to redouble their efforts aimed at That can be achieved by improving the likelihood amplifying the voices of young peacebuilders and youth of their inclusionin political, social and economic

18-11894 15/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 endeavours and developing psychosocial and should follow the United Nations For Youth calendar reintegration support mechanisms. It can also be done by taking the various youth forums into consideration. by acknowledging that the key to ending the exclusion Without duplicating the efforts of other forums, we of young people and their recruitment by armed groups hope that the Council can closely monitor the agenda lies in their access to quality education, in line with and perhaps establish an informal panel of experts Sustainable Development Goal 4. Studies on five and a tripartite ad hoc group, as recommended by the decades of armed conflict reveal that education is a independent study. With regard to measures taken, we key factor in reducing the risk of conflict. Lastly, it welcome the efforts made by the Peacebuilding Fund can be achieved by supporting their role as agents of and by the United Nations Development Programme, sociopolitical change and as partners of the development which already helps to support young people and youth and peace process. In that regard, I would like to cite organizations in several countries. Such actions could by way of example the Youth Forum that France has be strengthened. organized with Tunisia in recent years, held in Tunisia. Above and beyond the efforts of the Council, the Like Ms. Pierre-Antoine and Ms. Ekomo-Soignet, United Nations must seek to better support sustainable young women should be seated at the negotiating table development projects that assist young people, ensure and recognized as partners for peace. The Council respect for their basic rights and support their political should ensure that occurs within the framework of the participation. I would like to underscore the fact that women and peace and security agenda and beyond. action should be taken in the area of education, which Young people play an increasingly important role in is a priority for President Emmanuel Macron, who the area of the maintenance of international peace and has announced an increase in France’s contribution to security. The independent progress study on youth the Global Partnership for Education to €200 million. and peace and security conducted by Mr. Simpson Nationally, France helps promote the positive role played highlights several instances in which organizations by young people. France will host a global forum for led by young people have had a positive influence on peace from 11 to 13 November in Paris. The forum will political, humanitarian and human rights situations seek to bring together individuals, institutions and civil before, during and after conflicts. society organizations, including youth organizations, that reflect global diversity and are committed to Because such organizations often have modest promoting multilateralism and collective action in an resources, results are conclusive, in particular because effort to meet the challenges of our people 100 years they are innovative and use social and increasingly after the end of the First World War. participative media to advance their goals. The Council cannot ignore the dynamics already at work and must Projects, such as the Youth in the Sahel, are carried engage young people in building peace by encouraging out by the French Development Agency and we provide effective and lasting partnerships among youth support to United Nations funds and programmes on organizations, Governments, agencies of the United the ground. A young diplomats’ association, within Nations, civil society and the private sector. Symbolic the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs, was measures are not enough. established by young people themselves and its first international meeting, at which the issue of migration Secondly, we must strengthen the implementation was discussed, was held this year in Marseilles. of the youth and peace and security agenda, in particular by building on the foundation provided by resolution Young people are a dynamic force and reflect 2250 (2015). In that regard, I would like to thank Peru a promise of rebirth. The Council must engage them for proposing a new draft resolution. France fully instead of ignoring them. They are not a problem; they supports that initiative and stands ready to work with are a vital part of the solution. The United Nations as Peru and Sweden to make it as operational as possible. a whole must work to acknowledge them and grant It is vital that the new text be relevant to the women them more power and a greater role in the area of peace and security. and peace and security agenda and the issue of children and armed conflict by seeking genuine value added. Victor Hugo wrote that young people are the France supports the idea of the publication of a regular smiling face of the future. If the future is to smile on report of the Secretary-General on the issue. The report us, we cannot ignore it. Let us work together to impart

16/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 the wisdom, the meaning and the confidence they level, including through enhanced and meaningful need for talent development so that they can make an engagement with young people. active contribution to the quest for international peace High levels of youth unemployment and poverty and security. France will continue to work to promote continue to be among the root causes of many conflicts the youth, peace and security agenda and to make it and outbreaks of violence, and are increasingly effective and fully operational. providing opportunities for extremist groups to expand Ms. Guadey (Ethiopia): We thank the Peruvian their activities. Progress in our national development presidency for taking the initiative to organize today’s efforts, particularly by creating jobs and decent work first open debate on the follow-up to the implementation opportunities for young people, are therefore vital of resolution 2250 (2015). We thank the briefers for to promoting peace, preventing crises arising from their respective remarks. I would also like to commend conflicts as well as lapses and relapses into conflict, Mr. Simpson on the independent progress study on enabling recovery and building resilience. In that regard, youth and peace and security (see S/2018/86) and note ensuring sustainable development for all at the national with appreciation the extensive consultations he has level in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable undertaken in the process leading to the preparation of Development should be the primary focus of our efforts the study. to prevent conflict and achieve sustaining peace. For that, it is critical to provide access to education, basic It should indeed be a matter of great concern services and decent work opportunities for young to note from the study that in 2016 an estimated people. That means recognizing that young people can 408 million young people between the ages of 15 be active agents for sustainable development, peace and and 29 resided in areas affected by armed conflict or security. It also means ensuring that they are consulted organized violence, meaning that at least one in four is and encouraged to participate actively in planning, affected by it. With regard to the protection dimension, implementing and following up various measures at we continue to note with great concern the precarious the national level. It is our considered opinion that such situation in which young people find themselves in a policy shift would enable us to ensure that young conflict and post-conflict situations in different parts people are less likely to be drawn into violent extremist of the world. They are at a heightened risk of violence, or other armed groups. And beyond the immediate threats to their physical safety or exposure to various essential humanitarian responses in post-conflict human rights violations. As they are part of the civilian situations, finding durable solutions for young people population, ensuring their protection from the impact who have been affected by armed conflict is crucial. of conflicts, consistent with international humanitarian law, is critical. In our view, such protection should also In that regard, in addition to measures that the extend to young people who have participated in an study identifies in the area of disengagement from armed conflict. violent groups and reintegration, it is critical to provide support for sustainably integrating young people into As the study points out, it is also worrying to see their societies, including by ensuring access to services that young people are excluded from various policy and to opportunities to generate income and earn a frameworks as agents for change, particularly with livelihood. The problem of the large numbers of young regard to the prevention of conflict and post-conflict people who are now refugees in various parts of the situations, besides the fact that the engagement world without prospects for the future, and the search and integration of their concerns into development for solutions to that problem, should also form part of efforts can be limited. In our view, the broader the discussion. Work in this area at the national level findings of the independent progress study, as well could be complemented by efforts at the regional and as its recommendations, could serve as the basis international levels as well. In that regard, the role of for a comprehensive response in the context of the regional organizations such as the African Union will three pillars of the United Nations — peace and be critical. Internationally, the United Nations and security, human rights and development at national, its various agencies and programmes, as well as the regional and international levels. In that regard, Security Council, can be instrumental in advancing the we should envisage comprehensive implementation youth, peace and security agenda within their mandate of the recommendations primarily at the national and ensuring follow-up to resolution 2250 (2015). For

18-11894 17/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 instance, the Council could follow up, as appropriate, are a highly vulnerable sector of society. Young people on relevant recommendations in the independent are among the first to feel the negative consequences progress study in the context of existing thematic issues of economic crises, social instability and armed or country-specific situations on its agenda, including clashes, factors that malefactors often exploit in order in the context of existing reporting frameworks, to involve them in illegal activity, including through and taking into account the particular concerns of social networks and other Internet channels. This is not youth populations — including those who have been just about terrorism and the extremism that can lead to forcibly displaced — that conflict situations have left terrorism, but also about political processes dressed up particularly vulnerable. with slogans about democracy, directed from outside and aimed at overthrowing legitimate authorities. I would like to conclude by affirming our commitment to advancing the youth and peace and Today’s much vaunted and trendy support for security agenda within the existing frameworks, young leaders should not be used by outside actors to the Council and the broader United Nations system, encourage anti-State and anti-Government movements including by negotiating a possible Council decision in countries that they do not like. It is immoral to try following the independent progress report in the next to achieve these ends by exploiting young people’s few weeks. inexperience, desire for quick self-actualization and inclination to express themselves through protest. Mr. Polyanskiy (Russian Federation) (spoke in Young people are shamelessly deceived and used in Russian): We would like to thank today’s briefers for dirty political games under plausible pretexts. The their very interesting opinions. We are also grateful connivance or indifference that various States have to Mr. Simpson for his preparation and presentation shown to the growth of nationalism, xenophobia and of the independent expert group’s study on the role of radicalism — which, unfortunately, are very successful young people in processes related to ensuring peace at pulling young people into their orbit — should not and security. Its content and recommendations will be tolerated. definitely enrich the discussions of Member States in the United Nations forums to which this subject is What is needed in order to combat all these issues is directly relevant. thorough preventive, systematic effort, above all at the national level. It is the States’ job to prevent terrorists, The study was requested by resolution 2250 (2015), radicals and political malefactors from influencing adopted on 9 December 2015, which emphasized the young people by nipping extremist propaganda in the important role that young people can and should play bud and increasing young people’s resilience in the face in building modern societies free of terrorism and of it. At the same time, it is crucial to use the Internet, extremism, including through constructive participation and traditional media as well, to promote a positive in the processes of building and maintaining peace. agenda. It is important to actively disseminate among There is no question that young people’s problems, young people — and with their help — notions of mutual however heartily we wish it were not so, cannot be respect and intercultural and interreligious dialogue, viewed in isolation from the context of the fight against taking local traditions and specifics into account. the threats of extremism and terrorism, to which young This should not be politicized. Young people should people, unfortunately, are likely to be more exposed be protected from political pressures until they reach than almost anyone. legal age. Secondly, we must to create the conditions A willingness on the part of some to look the that can enable young people to realize their potential other way where the activities of terrorist groups are and become socially and economically integrated into concerned has already enabled them to threaten the society, including by providing them with a quality future of entire countries whose societies have been education and employment opportunities. Creative plunged into social, political and economic chaos, pursuits, culture and sports are also effective tools to something that is particularly evident in Iraq, Syria and that end. They enable young people to participate in Libya. And it is not just States in the Middle East that socially meaningful activities, help them improve their are under threat. Young people, with their unformed skills and talents, increase their self-confidence and world views, their quest for an identity, their lack of self-esteem and inculcate them with the concept of broad life experience and sometimes lack of education, peaceful coexistence. Lastly, we should not the forget

18/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 the importance of strengthening the family and family human potential. We must ensure comprehensive and values. Many of the problems we have heard about today continuous support to the younger generation in order are the result of a neglect of those values, an excessive to guarantee our society’s long-term development. enthusiasm for individualism and the destruction of International forums and events also play an long-standing social foundations. important role in bringing young people together. Young people’s involvement in any political activity In Sochi in October 2017 we were pleased to be able should be a natural process based primarily on acquiring to host the nineteenth World Festival of Youth and professional knowledge and skills. There should be Students, in which more than 20,000 people from more genuine equality in this area, which means that not only than 180 countries participated. Many interesting ideas should society’s most vulnerable sectors be supported were expressed during that event in the same spirit as but that no artificial quotas or privileges, including with those that we heard today from our young speakers. We regard to age or gender, should be tolerated. We believe will definitely and actively take them into account in it is important to tap constructively into young people’s our efforts to support young people. potential — particularly their energy, versatility and ability to navigate cyberspace easily — by fostering, I would like to conclude with a few important among other things, an atmosphere that does not tolerate points. First, despite the importance of the subject of violence and that rejects extremist and terrorist ideas. young people, our quest to identify the youth-related aspects of the acute problems that we have heard about States affected by conflicts, where establishing the today should not overshadow the importance of the necessary youth policy programmes and strategies is work that adults are doing to solve some of them. This very hard and sometimes impossible, for understandable should not be merely a formal approach or a competition reasons, are in a much more difficult position, needless to see who can find and propose the largest number of to say. The most urgent issue in such countries is ways to involve young people. Not all the problems that protecting civilians, including young people, a task we are facing can be solved that way, and no one is that is the responsibility of national Governments. In going to relieve us adults of the main responsibility for that regard, I want to point out that the international solving them. community’s efforts should be aimed at supporting national efforts in that area. It should undertake no I would also like to point out that despite the great response measures, especially any involving the use of importance of today’s discussion, it is also important force, without authorization from the Security Council to maintain the effectiveness of the United Nations and in strict adherence to the provisions of the Charter and adhere to the division of powers of the organs of of the United Nations. It is also important to ensure the Organization. In accordance with the Charter, the that all parties to an armed conflict comply with their Security Council has the primary responsibility for the obligations under the norms of international law on the maintenance of international peace and security. Issues protection of civilians, including young people, as well of war and peace, requiring urgent and sometimes as the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional immediate decisions, are discussed around this table Protocols of 1977. Thorough, objective investigations, every day. Needless to say, the Council does not act in based on reliable information, should be conducted for isolation. In every discussion we rely on the experience crimes involving deliberate attacks or the excessive use and expertise of specialists who are also working of force, and those responsible must be punished. every day to develop crucial documents pertaining to their specializations. Russia knows first-hand the importance of interactive cooperation with young people. Indeed, It would be much more effective to have an in-depth it is difficult to overestimate the value of the fresh discussion in specialized United Nations platforms on ideas that young people can share in exchange for the such aspects of youth issues as education, employment, knowledge we provide them with. In 2014, the Russian sustainable development and human rights. We must Government adopted the foundational principles for not create the illusion that bringing such youth- the State’s youth policy for the next decade. The key related topics to the Security Council will lead to a principle of the concept is relying on young people as breakthrough and enable us to resolve them more drivers of innovative development of the State, which in effectively. We believe that the Council has neither turn should create all the conditions for developing their the right nor sufficient expertise to usurp the right of

18-11894 19/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 the professionals to such discussion, and that general As a number of speakers have noted, more than issues and topics that are not directly related to threats half the world’s population is below the age of 30. That to international peace and security should be discussed means that young people are not just key stakeholders in substantively in international forums especially created every sphere of life — from driving political change to for the purpose. Whether we do or do not address a defending and promoting human rights to peacebuilding particular topic in the Security Council should not be a and contributing to economic development — but they factor in determining its importance or urgency for the also represent a key risk factor. If we do not get right international community. Let us be more responsible in the development and encouragement of the aspirations adhering to the existing division of labour. of young people, then it will be very difficult to keep countries on an upward trajectory. I think, therefore, Ms. Pierce (United Kingdom): I thank you, that we should reflect on that point. Mr. President, for convening this debate today. It is clear that there is a lot of interest in the Chamber, and As we have also heard today, the failure to include that a lot of us are wrestling with common challenges, youth can often actually exacerbate a conflict. Too often, while we all have very similar hopes and aspirations conflicts emerge when people do not feel represented for what might be done in this area. While I therefore by their political leaders. We have seen that in Syria, take Mr. Polyanskiy’s point about how different parts and not only there. At the same time, in countries like of the United Nations should remain in their own lane, Afghanistan, and perhaps even Iran, what youth think so to speak, I think that, as a number of speakers have can often be an important indication of the potential for said, if we do not factor in as a long-term trend the reform in those societies. growing numbers of young people, and particularly In the United Kingdom we believe that enabling unemployed young people, in certain parts of the world, young people to speak for themselves in political we will find ourselves facing many more peace and processes can be the first step to taking real action. The security challenges. I thank him for having raised that British Youth Council, which has 600 democratically point today. I also thank the briefers and wish to say elected members, sits annually in the House of well done to the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, Commons to debate a subject chosen by a youth ballot. who I had the pleasure of meeting recently. Last year, almost 1 million people participated. Many of From our perspective, it is good to do this in our countries are familiar with Model United Nations, the Security Council because it touches on a very which does something very similar here as well as in important angle of future peace and security. Speaking Geneva. Last week, London hosted the Commonwealth for myself, I would be very interested to have a youth Heads of Government Meeting, and the eleventh and economic development discussion in the Economic Commonwealth Youth Forum met. They pledged their and Social Council or the General Assembly as a ongoing commitment to countries’ efforts to build a complement to what we are talking about today. If more prosperous, secure and sustainable future. anyone else is interested in that, I would be very keen to A number of speakers have mentioned preventing have a discussion. It is very good to be able to evaluate violent extremism. It is very important that strategies the impact of resolution 2250 (2015). It is fantastic that to that end — sometimes called countering violent we can hear directly from youth and civil society. extremism — include youth. Young people often For our part, the United Kingdom welcomes understand, much more than my generation, the the independent progress study on youth, peace and dynamics and impacts of terrorist narratives on security (see S/2018/86), and we congratulate its authors radicalization and recruitment, and they can be involved on its participatory and consultative methodology. in promoting an alternative narrative of tolerance and It is striking, as it has brought together more than inclusion. If anyone doubts that, I invite them to get hold 4,000 youth voices from all over the globe. I think of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Shams equivalent that this is not just important in itself, but it sets an to Vogue, which targets a very particular segment of important model and high standard for future United young women. In its propaganda it is incredibly skilful Nations reports. If there is any way of embedding that about getting out certain messages. Countering that, consultative approach more widely, we, for one, would dealing with that and putting out a positive narrative is definitely welcome that. something to which we all need to give attention.

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Supporting youth advocates goes beyond just young people to work towards lasting peace, including giving them a platform; it is about building capacity inviting Governments, international organizations and and it means providing education to ensure that all other actors to support them in such a role. The main young people have such a chance. There is a clear case goal remains, as Mr. Simpson clearly underlined in his for education, particularly girls’ education. We know study on the issue, to prevent violence and promote the that it contributes to a safer, more prosperous world. integration of young people in an effort to put their We know it reduces conflict and increases stability. inherent energy at the service of peace and security in Today 131 million girls across the world are deprived the world. of an education, and of the 774 million illiterate adults As the Secretary-General said, “We must not in the world, two thirds are women. That is why girls’ only think about projects for young people, but with education is one of the United Kingdom’s priorities them.” Therefore, instead of seeing them through and one of my Foreign Secretary’s priorities. We will the prism of negative stereotypes, it is important be working with other partners to try to deliver a to consider young people, in accordance with the minimum of 12 years of quality schooling to every girl. approach of resolution 2250 (2015), as peacemakers That commitment to education is also why the United whose efforts and contributions must be recognized Kingdom endorsed the Safe Schools Declaration last and supported with a view to encouraging them to Thursday. It is vital that our schools remain places of become involved as agents of change in our societies. safety and that they be protected from conflict. One of the key lessons to be learned from Mr. Simpson’s Resolution 2250 (2015) outlined the need for young study concerns the ability to fully trust young people’s voices to be heard in Government, civil society people to demonstrate their capacity for action and and industry, and this open debate is a key opportunity initiative. Young people are a dynamic entity, capable to reflect on our implementation of the strategy it set of strengthening the abilities to react and adapt and out. We look forward to sharing experiences with demonstrate resilience in their communities. others to that end. I thank you again, Mr. President, for The comprehensive implementation of calling this open debate. Mr. Simpson’s study, which favoured a participatory Mr. Dah (Côte d’Ivoire) (spoke in French): My approach, is based on a number of case studies in delegation thanks Ms. Jayathma Wickramanayake, the various countries around the world, including Côte Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, for her briefing. d’Ivoire. Taking into account my country’s recent Our thanks also go to Mr. Graeme Simpson, lead author past, the progress study on youth, peace and security of the progress study on youth, peace and security (see highlights the demographic weight of youth, where the S/2018/86); Ms. Sophia Pierre-Antoine, member of most striking statistic shows that three out of every four the Advisory Council of the World Young Women’s people are under 35 years of age. Christian Association; and Ms. Kessy Ekomo-Soignet, The changing impact of young people in Executive Director of the Organisation URU in the the promotion and consolidation of peace and Central African Republic. security in Côte d’Ivoire requires clear initiatives, My country welcomes the Security Council’s namely, understanding youth diversity and consideration of the this agenda item, which gives strengthening the capacity of young people to perspective to the consideration of young people and better understand their contribution to peace, bolstering their manifold contribution to the problems of peace their legitimacy as peace stakeholders and promoting a and security in the world. If we accept that the world model of youth commitment to peace. The lessons of today has the largest-ever proportion of young people, it the study show the importance of the effective inclusion is important to involve them in efforts to transform our of young people at all levels, as part of an approach societies, particularly in protecting them, as advocated centred on national ownership. by the Secretary-General through his commitment to Imbued with that reality and inspired by a forward- place prevention at the heart of his agenda. looking vision, His Excellency Mr. Alassane Ouattara, To that end, in accordance with its authority, the President of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, has made Security Council adopted resolution 2250 (2015), which the issue of young people one of the main pillars of formally recognizes the positive role and rights of his Government’s policy with a view to strengthening

18-11894 21/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 peace and security in Côte d’Ivoire. Accordingly, the Let me begin by sharing some additional inspiration establishment of a ministry exclusively dedicated to with a quote from Nelson Mandela, the centenary of promoting youth and youth employment and the civil whose birth we celebrate this year. He said: service aims, inter alia, to develop and implement “To the youth of today, I also have a wish to make: comprehensive policies concerning youth, to establish be the scriptwriters of your destiny and feature strategies to inculcate civic values, to encourage youth yourselves as stars that showed the way towards a forums, to counter violent extremism, to bolster the brighter future”. empowerment of young people and to strengthen their role in promoting peace and security. I think that, after hearing from our briefers this morning, we can be confident that today’s youth are In that connection, the Ivoirian Government responding to Mandela’s call. Our role is to listen to has created a one-stop shop for employment, the them and include them, as well as to support and enable Youth Employment Agency, to support Government them in any way we can. initiatives promoting youth employment. Moreover, in collaboration with the African Development Bank, We have a long tradition of youth engagement in the Ministry of Youth has joined the ENABLE Youth Sweden, and we welcome the independent progress programme, which aims at strengthening capacities study on youth and peace and security, “The missing of young graduates wishing to launch businesses peace” (see S/2018/86). We are heartened by the in the agricultural sector. Within the framework of renewed international and multilateral focus on youth. community life and the empowerment of youth, Côte The concrete recommendations in the study represent d’Ivoire has established the National Youth Council, a important steps for moving the agenda forward. forum that makes it possible to better address young Through the adoption of the peacebuilding and people’s concerns. sustaining peace agenda, as well as the 2030 Agenda My delegation welcomes the timeliness of the report for Sustainable Development and the Paris Climate requested by the Security Council in its resolution 2250 Agreement, we have created an ambitious and (2015), as well as the recommendations of the excellent absolutely necessary plan for the world in which we study by Mr. Simpson (see S/2018/86), which will live — a vision of a peaceful and sustainable world. be a source of inspiration for Member States in their Youth, peace and security constitute a crucial part of approach to youth, peace and security. the implementation of that broad framework and of the advancement of peaceful, just and inclusive societies. Lastly, it is hardly necessary to recall that the participation of young people in peace and security It is therefore high time that we broke with the processes at the local, national, regional and destructive narrative of young people as drivers of international levels requires the establishment of viable conflict or as victims. Instead, we must harness their and appropriate structures in the decision-making full potential and leadership as effective peacebuilders process at every level so that the skills of young people in in all aspects of sustaining peace. We need to build upon matters of peace and security can be taken into account. young people’s knowledge, strengths and enthusiasm to Investment in young people is essential to ensure that contribute to peace and a better future, and enable their peace is sustained for successive generations. meaningful civic and political participation. The World Programme of Action for Youth underlines that young Ms. Schoulgin Nyoni (Sweden): I thank Peru for people can be dynamic agents of peace and help guide convening today’s open debate on youth, peace and national action and international support. security, which provides a valuable opportunity to recognize the important role that youth can play in A prerequisite for youth engagement is the building peace and preventing conflicts. I would also political, social, cultural and economic empowerment like to thank Ms. Wickramanayake, Secretary-General’s of youth and the protection and fulfilment of their Envoy on Youth, and Mr. Simpson for their passionate universal human rights and fundamental freedoms. and inspiring briefings. I add a special welcome and Ensuring the political and social rights of young people thanks to Ms. Sophia Pierre-Antoine and Ms. Kessy promotes trust in the system at an early age, thereby Ekomo-Soignet, who have ably shown us this morning laying the foundation for a strong and long-standing that youth are a force to be reckoned with. social contract. The progress study presented today

22/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 by Mr. Simpson demonstrates how young peoples’ Mrs. Gregoire Van Haaren (Netherlands): I join leadership is crucial in promoting peace, inclusion and others in thanking the three inspiring and courageous dialogue. Ensuring the full and effective participation young women who briefed us today: Ms. Jayathma of youth is therefore essential for the advancement Wickramanayake, the Secretary-General’s Envoy of national peacebuilding processes. I would like to on Youth; and the youth representatives, Ms. Sophia highlight the following four points on how we can best Pierre-Antoine and Ms. Kessy Ekomo-Soignet. I was move this agenda forward. very inspired by what they shared with us. I believe that, if the future depends on them, everything will First, we must all engage and invest in youth. That be alright. We congratulate Mr. Graeme Simpson, means enhancing the quality of dialogue with youth. the lead author of the independent progress study (see Increased financing for youth, peace and security is S/2018/86), and the United Nations entities involved in needed, including through more aid in fragile settings, it for their valuable work. in conflict and post-conflict situations, and for youth participation and empowerment. The Peacebuilding Today we recommit ourselves to resolution 2250 Commission can play an important role by including (2015), on youth, peace and security. In that connection, ways to engage youth meaningfully, during and in allow me to focus on three issues for this debate: first, the the aftermath of armed conflict, in its advice and importance of youth participation; secondly, involving recommendations for peacebuilding strategies. youth in the work of the United Nations; and, thirdly, translating the resolution into contextualized actions. Secondly, youth should be heard and seen. We need to recognize the diversity of youth in our analysis and First, concerning the importance of youth engagement, while ensuring that we systematically participation, the progress study makes clear how young disaggregate data by age, gender, socioeconomic people often feel unrepresented or excluded by the very background and geographical location. institutions that are supposed to serve them. Young people are indeed “the missing peace”. We believe Thirdly, we must leave no youth behind. It is young women and men to be enormously important important to recognize that the exclusion of, and contributors to conflict prevention and resolution and discrimination against, youth based on age, gender, to sustaining peace. They have a legitimate desire to disability, socioeconomic circumstances, religion, participate in decision-making on their own future. sexual orientation or gender identity have a detrimental Youth have the potential to act as a transformative force effect on peace and security. We need to recognize in peacefully bringing about change. This is not a threat the specific challenges faced by young women but provides an opportunity to strengthen a diverse and men, including acknowledging that persistent and inclusive society. History has demonstrated that gender inequalities put young women at particular in places such as Prague, Indonesia or, more recently, risk. As highlighted by the study, we need to ensure Tunisia and Egypt. It is no coincidence that human that educational institutions are protected, free from rights defenders are often young people, underscoring violence and accessible for all. the need for their protection, particularly in times when Fourthly, we must keep pushing to ensure that this the space for civil society is increasingly under pressure. issue remains on our agenda. We welcome continuous That brings me to my second point, on involving reporting to the Security Council from the Secretary- youth in the work of the United Nations. It is imperative General on the implementation of the youth and peace that we integrate the thoughts and views of young and security agenda. people more structurally in the practice of the Council, As the old saying goes, we do not inherit the Earth as part of the wider United Nations. Young people are from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children. This a major force when it comes to preventing violence generation of youth is not content to wait. Our children and sustaining peace. As a whole-of-United Nations are coming for their inheritance. They are demanding approach is needed, the Security Council should not that they play their part in shaping the world they will be excluded. Therefore, we welcome the contributions inherit from us. They are demanding — as Mandela of today’s young briefers and encourage the Security called on them to do — that they be the scriptwriters Council to be open to hearing youth speak on the regular of their own destiny. Our job is to ensure that they can items on its agenda as well. We appreciate the attention do so. that youth have received from the Peacebuilding

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Commission and would welcome a structural inclusion Young people show us the world’s future and in its future work. hope. The international community should strengthen the protection of youth groups in conflict areas and We also welcome the active participation of youth in this week’s high-level event on sustaining peace. help them to play a greater role in promoting world As the progress study recommends, the role of youth peace and stability. We should continue to implement should be more strongly referenced in the mandates resolution 2250 (2015), on youth, peace and security. and reporting of peacekeeping and political missions. The Security Council should continue to fulfil The United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia is its primary responsibility for the maintenance of a recent example of the inclusion of relevant language international peace and security and strive on the basis on the meaningful inclusion of youth, which deserves of its mandates and international cooperation. more systematic following. I am proud to say that First, we must resolutely crack down on terrorists my statement today integrates the valuable input of and extremists in response to the harm they cause to our youth representatives to the United Nations. We young people. Terrorism and violent extremism are the strongly encourage those members that have not done common enemies of all humankind. The international so yet to appoint youth representatives as well. community should abide by the principles and My final point concerns translating the resolution purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, unify into contextualized actions. For 1.8 billion young people its standards and, in accordance with the relevant across the world, there is no one size fits all. Resolution Security Council resolutions, resolutely fight all forms 2250 (2015) therefore needs to be translated into the of terrorist and violent extremist activities. The United different contexts and needs of young people, grounded Nations anti-terrorism mechanisms should push the in a thorough analysis of root causes. These joined-up international community to strengthen its cooperation, analyses should be part of our comprehensive response in particular by taking measures to prevent the corrosive in implementing the agenda for sustaining peace and influence of terrorist and extremist ideologies on young the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Our people; cutting off the channels through which terrorist implementation efforts should be made more explicit in and extremist forces influence and incite young people; order to make resolution 2250 (2015) operational. The effectively combating the activities of terrorists and European Union is currently devising its own agenda in extremist forces in using the Internet to recruit, make support of youth, peace and security, and we encourage master plans and raise funds; and cutting off the black other regions to follow suit. hands of terrorists and extremists reaching out to As the Kingdom of the Netherlands, we are young people. contributing as well, for example by assisting Secondly, we must increase our efforts to resolve programmes in support of youth participation in flash-point and regional issues by finding political northern Mali, supporting training on democracy and solutions and attaching importance to the role of human rights in different countries or, closer to home, young people in resolving conflicts. The international establishing community-level programmes in cities community and the Security Council should heighten such as The Hague to provide opportunities for youth and prevent radicalization. their sense of urgency, strengthen the search for political solutions to relevant flash-point issues and, The Kingdom of the Netherlands believes that the in accordance with the principles and purposes of issue of youth, peace and security merits structural the Charter of the United Nations, assist countries in debate and the attention of the Council. We therefore join conflict to advance their peace process and national Peru and Sweden in supporting the recommendation to reconciliation; resolve disputes through the peaceful request an annual report by the Secretary-General. means of dialogue and consultation; help conflict areas Mr. Wu Haitao (China) (spoke in Chinese): I thank to achieve peace and stability at an early date; and you, Sir, for convening today’s meeting. I also thank the create a peaceful and serene environment for the growth Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth for her briefing. and development of young people. We must ensure the China listened carefully to the statement delivered by constructive participation of young people in political Mr. Simpson, Ms. Pierre-Antoine and Ms. Ekomo- processes, taking fully into account their views and Soignet. giving full play to their advantages in peace processes.

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Thirdly, we must fully consider the special needs security of their communities and countries in many of youth and focus on addressing the root causes of innovative ways, through initiatives based on promoting conflict. There are many deep-rooted reasons for alliances and the use of new technologies. Our youth conflict, including extreme poverty, unbalanced want peace and they want to facilitate its sustainability development and the scarcity of resources. All countries and their commitment, since investing in sustainable should firmly engage in joint efforts to implement and equitable development among countries is a way to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and prevent conflicts and to turn their contribution into a strengthen youth education and employment security. peace dividend. The international community should help developing For those reasons, Equatorial Guinea welcomes countries to improve their capacity for sustainable some of the recommendations of the report with regard development, especially at the level of youth education to the importance of promoting national, regional and and employment, increase social integration and global alliances in order to ensure research and the inclusiveness, and cultivate young people’s sense of collection of the necessary data on youth and peace responsibility for social stability. and security so as to ensure the implementation of In that regard, the United Nations and the resolutions 2250 (2015), 1325 (2000), on women and international community should strengthen cooperation peace and security, and 1612 (2005), on children with the African Union and other regional and and armed conflict, and other resolutions relevant subregional organizations by increasing support for to achieving peaceful solutions to conflicts and to related projects in the field of youth. China is willing protecting the civilians who will bear the responsibility to work with the international community, participate for peacebuilding and sustainable development. In that actively in the fight against terrorism and violent regard, we are deeply concerned about the more than extremism, take practical measures to prevent conflict, 400 million young people who live in areas affected by contribute to safeguarding world peace and stability, and armed conflict, terrorist groups and organized crime help young people to achieve all-round development. and the stigma and violence of social and economic exclusion — which can be linked to the racial, ethnic Mrs. Mele Colifa (Equatorial Guinea) (spoke in and religious prejudice spread by populist movements, Spanish): Allow me to thank the Peruvian presidency as well as violent predators and petty criminals — and for having organized this important debate on the who become passive or invisible victims trying to innovative resolution 2250 (2015), on youth, peace escape conflict. and security, adopted three years ago. I also wish to recall and thank the leadership of Jordan for promoting We are talking about the largest generation of the resolution. young people in history. More than half of the world population is under 30 years of age. Many of them are We are also grateful for the informative briefings unemployed. In fact, more than 500 million live below provided by Ms. Jayathma Wickramanayake, Secretary- the poverty threshold, and about 14 million of those General’s Envoy on Youth; Mr. Graeme Simpson, lead are refugees or displaced by conflict. In Africa, more author of the progress study on youth, peace and security than 60 per cent of the population is under 24 years (see S/2018/86); Ms. Sophia Pierre-Antoine of Haiti; of age. That means that on our continent most victims and Ms. Kessy Ekomo-Soignet of the Central African of conflict and those who suffer most from conflict, Republic. They have reminded us most young people not counting women of all ages, are young people and of the world wish to contribute and are contributing to children. Unemployment among African youth is high, peace and sustainable development for all. fluctuating between 10 and 29 per cent depending on the The Republic of Equatorial Guinea welcomes region. Those figures are due to a lack of development, the independent progress study on youth, peace unequal development among and within countries, a and security. We feel that the study’s main results lack of access to fair terms in international markets, give cause for great hope, since they show that despite and conflict, terrorism and violent extremism, among the current conflicts and geopolitical tensions on our other issues. That combination of adverse situations planet, most of our young people not only want to makes such young people and children vulnerable to participate in peace processes but also demonstrate the manipulation of terrorist and organized criminal a strong commitment to working for the peace and groups. However, as the report that we are discussing

18-11894 25/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 reminds us, most young people want and are working development and lasting peace and security with the for peace. That is why the fight against all such evils participation of young people and in the context of must be anchored in the commitment to sustainable respect for the sovereignty of countries. development and equitable economic growth, gender Mr. Inchauste Jordán (Plurinational State of equality and the empowerment and participation of Bolivia) (spoke in Spanish): We would like to thank young people and women at all levels. That struggle the presidency of Peru for convening and organizing should not be on the military front alone. today’s meeting. We would also like to welcome In his welcome speech at the seventeenth summit of the presence of Ms. Jayathma Wickramanayake, the the African Union Assembly, held in Malabo, Republic Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, Mr. Graeme of Equatorial Guinea, on 1 July 2011, President Simpson, Ms. Sophia Pierre-Antoine and Ms. Kessy Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, then Chairperson of the Ekomo-Soignet and to thank them for their briefings. African Union, said that he called on African youth There are currently nearly 2 billion young people as the legitimate heirs to Africa’s future, and that for around the world, more than 400 million of whom live us, young people were not a problem for society but in areas affected by conflict or organized violence, a determining factor in society’s development process. according to the report presented by Mr. Simpson (see That faith in Africa’s young people has been a constant S/2018/86). It is therefore the duty of the international during his presidency, as he has demonstrated through community to pay particular attention to that his support for African Union initiatives such as the sector’s needs. Youth Volunteer Corps, the 2017 theme of harnessing the demographic dividend through investments in War and conflict tend to create a vicious circle for youth for sustainable development, the annual China- young people as for others. In the case of young people Africa youth festival and the fifth summit of the who live in conflict-affected areas, living without African Union and the European Union, which served expectations of being able to develop in a secure to strengthen those initiatives. environment, in many cases being prevented from going to school or receiving training and forced to leave At the national level, Equatorial Guinea held its their homes, they have fewer options and are therefore first national youth congress in 2010, which led to the susceptible to recruitment by armed or terrorist groups. adoption of national policies aimed at ensuring respect In order to break the vicious cycle of war, we must for the political, economic, social and cultural rights of address the structural causes of conflict as well as its young people. They include scholarship systems at both consequences. Interventionist policies and attempts at the national and the international level, access to decent regime change have had collateral effects, including on housing and initiatives for the creation of decent jobs young people. as part of our Horizon 2020 national development plan. We must also take into account inclusiveness and In conclusion, we want to underscore our support the prevention and the protection of young people in for General Assembly resolution 70/262 and Security conflict situations, as well as the intrinsic relationship Council resolution 2282 (2016) with regard to improving between youth, peace and security and the 2030 young people’s abilities and skills and to creating jobs for Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolution 2250 them, with a view to contributing actively to sustaining (2015) touches on those aspects and is a good starting peace. We also encourage the international community point, but it is not enough. The recommendations of the to support young people in that regard. Africa is the progress study on youth and peace and security, as it youngest continent in the world and the only region establishes, are intended to serve as the starting point where the number of young people continues to grow. for a large-scale transformation in which multilateral African youth represents the future of the whole world, organizations, States, civil society and other actors not just of Africa. The young people of any region must play their role. represent the future of all of us. That is why we call for the international community and the various entities of Turning to inclusiveness, resolution 2250 (2015) the United Nations, within their respective mandates, makes a clear call for the participation of young to invest in international policies that promote equality, people in decision-making, especially in the areas of cooperation and brotherhood among countries with peacebuilding, political participation and conflict the aim of ensuring conflict prevention, sustainable resolution. In order to do that, an enabling environment

26/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 must be created and the necessary mechanisms provided. We reiterate our concern for the young people who have We also believe that the role of young people must be been detained in recent months by the Israeli security strengthened through social and economic inclusion. forces, including Ahed Tamimi, who has become a To achieve that goal, young people’s participation and symbol of Palestinian resistance and who is being tried needs must be taken into account both during and in a military court. That is inadmissible. We call on after conflicts. The case of Colombia, where young the international community to respect and protect people gave the peace process a considerable boost is the fundamental rights of young people. If we do not a clear example. Those young people represented hope start working on inclusiveness, prevention, and the by being willing to forgive and move forward. With protection of this sector of the population, we will not regard to prevention, the contributions of civil-society break the vicious cycle of war and we will have great organizations led by young people, and the impact of difficulty consolidating peace. the work they do, as well as their experience, must be The President (spoke in Spanish): I shall now make taken into account because they have great potential a statement in my national capacity. for mobilizing their peers as well as the advantage of understanding the local dynamics and priorities that We appreciate the important briefings by can be fundamental to lasting peace. Ms. Wickramanayake and Mr. Simpson, and by Ms. Pierre-Antoine and Ms. Ekomo-Soignet, Young people can contribute positively to conflict representatives of civil society. We welcome the large resolution, but that potential has not been harnessed number of countries participating in today’s open enough, owing to a lack of resources and to certain debate of the Council, and we would particularly stereotypes that depict young people as agitators like to thank the civil-society organizations for their or victims of conflict. That is why they have been support and contributions to the preparation of this systematically excluded from decision-making and debate. We would also like to thank the United Nations political processes, as has been the case with the young Population Fund and the Secretariat’s Office for Peace people’s civil-society organizations in the Democratic Consolidation and Support. Republic of the Congo that have been formulating strategies to peacefully address the lack of security and We also want to express our recognition and support how to deal with such issues as basic services, medical for the work of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, care and education. We call on the international and to highlight the Secretary-General’s commitment community to support such organizations with flexible to empowering young people and their participation in financing and to take their specific needs into account. decision-making that affects their future. We should also support demobilization, disarmament The current generation of young people is the and the reintegration of adolescents and young people largest in history. Overall, most of the people affected formerly linked to armed groups, with particular in the various armed conflicts occurring around the emphasis on reintegration. That includes providing world are young. At the same time, young people can rehabilitation, psychosocial support, education, gender- make important contributions in favour of peace and specific needs and socioeconomic opportunities, security. Peru would like to emphasize the role that as well as sustained support for their families and young people are called on to play in conflict prevention communities, including the destigmatization of former and resolution, justice and reconciliation. Young people child soldiers. are crucial to building an inclusive vision of the future Within the framework of the fight against terrorism, and achieving sustainable peace. We therefore welcome comprehensive programmes for recruitment prevention, the progress study on youth and peace and security rehabilitation, reintegration and deradicalization (see S/2018/86) provided for in resolution 2250 (2015), programmes should also be developed, particularly sponsored by Jordan. It gathers the voices of thousands with regard to the issue of foreign terrorist fighters who of young people from all regions of the world, and are returning to their countries of origin, while taking their message is clear. They want to stop being seen into consideration the issue of accountability when as a problem and to be recognized as stakeholders in cases warrant it. peace processes. Lastly, we should not fail to mention the problems Peru believes firmly that this is the right approach of young people in the occupied Palestinian territories. to effectively implementing and promoting this issue

18-11894 27/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 on the Council’s agenda. It is essential if we are to take As I mentioned, we have a long list of speakers, so advantage of and maximize the potential, commitment I would like to ask speakers to limit their statements and resilience of young people in preventing and coping to four minutes. For the same reason, the meeting will with conflicts. To that end, it is important to create continue through the lunch hour. inclusive and safe spaces that allow young people to I now give the floor to the Deputy Prime Minister participate and contribute to peacebuilding and peace and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Belgium. consolidation processes in their national communities. We welcome the efforts that are being made in that Mr. Reynders (Belgium) (spoke in French): regard and encourage their continuation. Belgium fully associates itself with the statement to be made by the representative of the European Union. This issue is clearly linked to the implementation I would also like to make some comments in my of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Among other things, the Sustainable Development national capacity. Goals oblige us to create decent employment for I would like to thank the delegation of Peru for our young people; guarantee equal opportunities organizing today’s debate and the speakers for their through access to health and education; and promote statements. I congratulate Mr. Simpson and his team peaceful societies with inclusive institutions. We are on the considerable research they have done, which has also committed to promoting the human rights of all resulted in an ambitious document (see S/2018/86) that young people, safeguarding their diversity and fighting not only gives very concrete recommendations to the discrimination. That means rejecting stereotypes United Nations, regional organizations and Member that stigmatize them as persons prone to violence, as States, but also invites us to deeper reflection and to well as recognizing and promoting their capacities confronting the challenges related to the implementation for participation and leadership in public life. The of resolution 2250 (2015). participation of youth delegates in various United Nations forums and processes is undoubtedly a good Belgium welcomes the study’s emphasis on a practice insofar as it establishes bridges between positive discourse on young people. It challenges a Governments and youth organizations around agendas number of stereotypical conceptions and demonstrates that contribute to with the maintenance of international that young people have an important capacity for peace and security. action that promotes peace. Creating an environment conducive to young adults’ participation and inclusion We must also combat the stereotypes that in prevention and peacebuilding processes is crucial. perpetuate discrimination and violence against women; Equal access to inclusive and quality education, as we must invest in peacebuilding efforts linked to young well as opportunities for decent employment, are also people and promote positive, nonviolent and equitable key elements in creating that environment. Through masculine identities. We believe that promoting dialogue education we can help young people to become between Governments and youth-led organizations is conscious, critical and open citizens, responsible and important to the effective implementation of resolution capable of thinking constructively about their place and 2250 (2015). role in society. Peru also considers that the Council should Accordingly, our Department of the Interior continue to promote this important topic and provide coordinates a project called Bounce, financed by a periodic follow-up, particularly in the areas of conflict European Commission fund. Through a combination resolution and sustainable peacebuilding. In that of action and reflection, the project is aimed at regard, together with Sweden, we will present a draft strengthening young people’s qualifications and skills resolution that we hope will have the support of all with a view to guiding them towards resilience, which Council members. As the progress study on youth and is the ability to bounce back in the face of difficulties. peace and security indicates, the time has come to Its training is based on a positive perspective — the take a radical turn that recognizes young people as the strengths and talents of every young person. We have missing element in peace. found that by changing perspectives from risk to I now resume my functions as President of opportunity, from fear to openness and from control the Council. to accountability, we can constructively address the

28/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 complex issue of violent extremism and make progress We must also work together on the ways in which towards inclusion. the United Nations, including the Security Council, follows up on those recommendations. On behalf of At the national level, Belgium already provides my country, I welcome the fact that the report under a structured platform for young people to express discussion today opens the door to a new dynamic in themselves and be heard. Our active participation the Security Council. I consider it important that the in the United Nations Youth Delegate Programme Council be informed in a timely and comprehensive is another example of our commitment to inclusion, manner of specific situations that concern young people whereby young people can contribute effectively to the and are relevant to its mandate. It will have to be better preparation of high-level meetings and participate in organized, particularly through the use of mechanisms them themselves. It is clear that effective inclusion can to access the necessary information. The stakes are be achieved only by ensuring the dignity, protection high, and Belgium intends to make its contribution. and quality of life to which young men and women are entitled. In that regard, as always, Belgium remains The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the firmly committed to the promotion of human rights, floor to the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for which is a fundamental condition for peace and Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia. development, and attaches particular importance to Mrs. Burić (Croatia): I would first like to thank the rights of vulnerable groups. We believe that it is the Peruvian presidency of the Security Council for essential to protect the rights of young people and invest holding today’s timely debate and all the distinguished in their development so that they can realize their full briefers for their statements. potential and thereby contribute to peace and security. Croatia aligns itself with the statement to be It is also important to intensify our efforts to delivered by the representative of the European Union. involve young people in achieving the Sustainable I shall now make some additional remarks in my Development Goals. Pathways for Peace, the joint national capacity. World Bank-United Nations report, emphasizes the importance of including young people in the prevention I am pleased to be participating in today’s open of violent conflict and strengthening the relationship debate on this very important topic, which we see between development, humanitarian action and as complementary to the upcoming discussions in peacebuilding. Working for the future of young the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on people as conscious, critical and open citizens who peacebuilding and sustaining peace. Croatia would are capable and responsible is working for peace. We like to see the role of young people addressed more therefore fully share the vision that young people must profoundly in various forums and from various be recognized as essential partners in peace. That is perspectives, and particularly their role as actors in why, in its partner countries, Belgium’s development efforts aimed at achieving peace and security. For that cooperation supports appropriate training, stimulates reason, we support greater visibility for the youth and employment and entrepreneurship and promotes the peace and security agenda in the Security Council, both rights of young people with a view to actively involving by continuing with the practice of holding open debates them in decision-making processes. on the topic and by instituting yearly implementation reports by the Secretary-General. In conclusion, I would like to stress that Belgium is committed to continuing to promote the rights of young I would also like to congratulate all the partners who contributed to the progress study (see S/2018/86) on people with a view to active inclusion in crucial peace putting together a comprehensive and substantial report and security processes. In particular, in our work as that while it clearly gives reasons to be concerned, a member of the Peacebuilding Commission, we will more importantly gives us insights into the untapped work to ensure that the youth dimension is positively potential of young peacebuilders in our joint quest for integrated into the Commission’s activities. Taking a safer world. into account the report’s recommendations, Belgium will also work to draw attention to the challenges It is clear that too little is being done at the national, surrounding young people and will advocate for greater regional and global levels to harness the potential of the integration of the youth and peace and security agenda. 1.8 billion young people worldwide, especially given

18-11894 29/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 the fact that a majority of them live in low-income and inspire their peers, raise public awareness and countries and often represent a significant part of the encourage a broader discussion within a society. populations in countries affected by armed conflict. Last but not least, let us not forget that they are the Young people should be recognized as partners and leaders of tomorrow. Young people must be provided agents in peacebuilding and sustaining peace, as they with the necessary preconditions to fully realize their unquestionably have a strong voice when it comes to potential. It is only with a holistic, multidisciplinary addressing their marginalization, violations of their approach that we can achieve sustainable results in human rights and lack of perspective. This means that empowering the youth, and in turn, promote peace. That we must reject the myopic view that sees young people includes the implementation of adequate development as a problem to be solved or that focuses only on the policies and legislative frameworks, education and small numbers of those who are involved in violence. inclusive cooperation with a several stakeholders, such That issue becomes particularly pronounced in as academia, non-governmental organizations, the the response to the global threat of terrorism and private sector, religious authorities and the media. violent extremism, which has in turn often produced In conclusion, to borrow the words of the great limited and counterproductive policy responses. As Nelson Mandela, whose centenary of birth we celebrate the progress study also implies, there is no single this year, young people are capable of bringing down approach or solution that can prevent young people the towers of oppression and raising the banners of from participating in violence or being recruited freedom. We hope that by our joint efforts, today and into violent extremism. We also know that youth onward, we will enable them to do so. empowerment is undermined when we continue to rely on generalizations and stereotypes that identify young The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the men as potential perpetrators and young women as floor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Maldives. potential victims. Especially now, when we are dealing Mr. Asim (Maldives): I wish to thank the with the challenge of escalating threats of terrorism and Government of Peru for convening today’s open radicalism, we must focus on providing for the needs of debate, which is the second to be convened under the younger generation and strengthening their sense of Peru’s presidency this month. The focus on youth and being both safe and included. peace and security is most appropriate to complement Education for all as a human right and a basis for the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on promoting the realization of other rights is essential to peacebuilding and sustaining peace. peace, human fulfilment and sustainable development. My delegation welcomes the remarks made by It is a multifaceted effort that has multiplying effects. His Excellency Néstor Popolizio, Minister for Foreign It goes way beyond numeracy, literacy, the acquisition Affairs of Peru, Ms. Jayathme Wickramanayake, of relevant skills and the provision of opportunities for the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, and the decent work. It fosters tolerance, global citizenship and representatives of the Member States and civil society, an appreciation and acceptance of cultural diversity, as which have enriched today’s insightful debate. well as interfaith and intercultural understanding. The youth bring with them an extraordinary level Youth unemployment is also far more than an of energy and passion that can be put to use for the economic category. Lack of perspective is among the cause of peace, to enhance security and maintain worst kinds of poverty. It erodes a society of peace stability. There is a need to explore policy and and tolerance from within. Today’s topic cannot be institutional reforms in order to engage youth more addressed thoroughly without taking into account the productively in creating an environment for peace development component. to prevail. Discussions, such as the one taking place today, serves as a useful platform to share experiences We are encouraged by the fact that the youth yearn and best practices and to enhance progress on the for committed actions against violence, intolerance implementation of resolution 2250 (2015). and all forms of discrimination, as well as to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Young We must recognize that in many countries, the people can serve as positive role models and are clearly youth demographic is often wrongly stereotyped and willing to embrace that role. They can influence stigmatized as the culprit of instability. Consequently,

30/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 national policies and strategies are often formulated to youth in a similar fashion among countries in conflict target youth as an issue to be addressed, overlooking and where conflict may emerge. Young people have the potential they have to offer in providing innovative a strong potential to contribute to the prevention of solutions. In the Maldives, we believe that the goals conflict through building cohesion and resilience and aspirations of the youth are driven by a strong within societies and their role must not be overlooked. desire for peace and security. It is often external Catering to a youth-inclusive approach would require aggravating social and economic circumstances that significant investments, which will reap invaluable lead to their involvement in activities that may result benefits, by providing a stable, prosperous and peaceful in the disruption of peace and security. Therefore, our future for generations to come. national policies aim to mitigate those circumstances The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the by ensuring economic inclusion, gender equality, floor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iceland. universal education and raising awareness to cater to the needs of the youth. Mr. Thórdarson (Iceland): I would like to thank the Peruvian presidency of the Security Council for As recognized in the independent progress study convening today’s open debate on youth and peace and on youth and peace and security (see S/2018/86), security. I also thank the briefers for their excellent pursuant to resolution 2250 (2015), we must ensure statements. The independent progress study on that the rights of the youth demographic do not get youth and peace and security (see S/2018/86) is very lost in the gap between the rights afforded to children informative, and Mr. Simpson and his team have clearly and the rights and political entitlements from which consulted widely. they benefit as adults. That important transitional period from children to adults must be catered for in The study highlights the fact that most young order to build societies that are resilient to conflict. In people hold a responsible and sophisticated view of the that regard, the Maldives also advocates for inclusive world. The 1.8 billion young people in our world are policies that recognize and accommodate the concerns better connected than ever before. They know what is of the youth. Constructive and inclusive dialogue with going on locally, regionally and globally in a way their young people instil the idea of democratic societies and parents and grandparents never have. That means they resolution of conflict through peaceful means, while can compare what is occurring in various parts of the carving the right path for future generations. world. They see where Government and democracy is working but they also see how deprivation, human rights My delegation also wishes to highlight the abuses and inequality undermine peace and prosperity. importance of partnerships to enhance the engagement of youth through innovative means such as art, sports Young people know that if societies are to be and media, which have a wider outreach in targeting peaceful and secure, they will need more than just the this population demographic. The Government of the absence of violence. They want to safeguard the planet Maldives has made significant investments to ensure and are aware of climate change as a potential cause of that young people are afforded the necessary social and conflict for future generations. Nevertheless, the study economic opportunities and to help to build cohesion reveals that Governments tend to treat young people and unity among them. In that context, I wish to as a problem rather than partners for peace. Yet, most highlight the crucial role that media, including social young people are peaceful. They want to take action and media, has to play in shaping the minds and perceptions lead but often feel excluded from the political process. of future generations. It is important to limit the spread Education has a powerful role in peacebuilding and of misinformation and ensure that ideologies that sustaining peace, but getting it right is complex. The contribute to unity and social cohesion are propagated media gives a misleading view of young people, in among the youth. It is crucial to strike a balance in particular young men, and certain political forces seek guaranteeing freedom of speech, while ensuring that to manipulate them for political ends. incitements to violence and extremist ideologies are Societies that allow young people to participate in not proliferated. public life are less likely to experience violence. For The Maldives has always perceived the youth as example, the brutal repression of young demonstrators partners for peace, rather than a cause of instability. and political activists by the Syrian authorities My delegation advocates for changing the perception of contributed to igniting the seven-year long conflict.

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Those and other elements in the study should concern elections, and we make sure that they take part in us deeply. decision-making processes. We promote role models, social reintegration and rehabilitation programmes. The study makes useful recommendations that the Education is also a key factor. We leave no one behind United Nations and the Security Council could consider and provide equal opportunities for all. We also more closely. We would support recommendations promote dialogue among young people from different that keep youth and peace and security on the agenda. backgrounds. All of those efforts complement our work When the Security Council is designing peacekeeping towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals operations, the impact on youth should be considered. and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Inclusive processes for peace and security have been shown to give greater results. Thus, the participation of We, the decision makers and politicians, have young people in efforts to prevent conflict is not only important responsibilities. One of the reasons for the right; it is essential for success. rise of extremism in Western Europe in particular is the divisive language used by some politicians. That The Security Council and the General Assembly approach divides people along ethnic and religious must work together to make the youth and peace and lines, and that is a very dangerous game. We must security agenda operational. I welcome the Council’s refrain from creating stereotypes. Instead, we must expected draft resolution on youth, peace and security convey message of unity, positive messages. and the decision by the President of the General Assembly, Mr. Miroslav Lajčák, to host a Youth Radicalization and violent extremism are not Dialogue on 30 May. limited to one particular religion, faith or community; they are our common challenge, and we need to face it The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the together. Resolution 2250 (2015) is proof of the crucial floor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Turkey. role of youth in peace and security. The new resolution Mr. Çavuşoğlu (Turkey): It is an honour to address to be adopted should provide further guidance. We the Security Council on this special day, 23 April, must also use the potential of existing mechanisms, when in 1920, the Turkish National Assembly met for such as the Alliance of Civilizations. Spain and Turkey the first time, in Ankara. The founder of our Republic, are trying to re-energize that initiative, which we need Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, dedicated this day to children more than ever. worldwide. Today, our hearts and minds are with We also need to create interaction among national, children and youth who are oppressed, trafficked and regional and global measures. Good practices and smuggled around the globe. lessons learned in one part of the world can be There are 1.8 billion young people in the world. employed globally. That is why we need to expand the That is the largest youth generation in history, and it is United Nations capabilities to support Member States. a key asset for our common future. Yet today, all around We will continue to contribute to all the efforts aimed the world, extremist ideologies, radicalization and at empowering youth. terrorism are targeting young people. Terrorist groups The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the such as Da’esh, Al-Qaida, the Kurdistan Workers Party, floor to the representative of Kenya. the People’s Protection Units and the Fethullahçı Terör Örgütü abuse and recruit women, children and youth. Ms. Kobia (Kenya): On behalf of the Kenyan Xenophobia, anti-Islam currents, ethnic and religious delegation to the United Nations, I congratulate you, discrimination and socioeconomic marginalization are Mr. President, for convening today’s open debate on the root causes of radicalization among youth. We must the role of youth in the prevention and resolution of stop this. What we need is a holistic approach. conflict, as well as in the maintenance and promotion of peace and security. In Turkey, half the population is under the age of 31. In addition, we host almost 1 million Syrian youth, and Additionally, I would like to commend Mr. Graeme we have developed tailor-made Government structures Simpson on his leadership in producing the progress and policies to address their needs. We encourage youth study on youth and peace and security (see S/2018/86), to fully participate in economic and social life in Turkey. which engaged Kenyan youth as part of the We have lowered the age limits for parliamentary consultative process. We appreciate the substantive

32/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 recommendations presented to Member States for people across the country in its aim to create a pool of adoption and implementation in our respective national young cohesion agents. capacities. I also wish to thank the Secretary-General’s At the local level, a number of structures have been Envoy on Youth, Ms. Jayathma Wickramanayake, for created within educational institutions to facilitate her comprehensive remarks and the other briefers for a greater contribution from the youth to the peace their insightful comments. and security agenda. Amani clubs — which translate Kenya has a very young population, with roughly as “peace clubs” — have been established from the 78 per cent of Kenyans below the age of 35. At a time primary to university education levels. Supplementary when the global youth population is at its highest, to Amani clubs, each public and private university has the empowerment and meaningful participation of a group of peace ambassadors. Youth groups have also the youth in all aspects of society is of fundamental been established in informal settlements and rural importance and has become a top priority for the areas, thus leaving no one behind. Government of Kenya. I must recall that radicalization and violent Despite growing recognition of the crucial role of extremism continue to be a challenge for Kenya, and young people in conflict resolution and prevention, they more specifically Kenyan young people. We urge still face difficulties not only in accessing the negotiation the Council to unite more powerfully and go beyond table but also in influencing discussions and decisions condemning violent extremism by also acting against once they are part of the mediation process. That is religious and ethnic-based hatred and exclusivity, largely due to the negative or indifferent attitudes of which undermine the potential of our youth. In that conflict parties towards inclusive processes and young regard, there is a need to collaborate with the private people’s limited political experience and clout. sector, especially social media companies, to deny terrorist groups access to those platforms as a means In order to reduce barriers and fully realize of radicalization. the potential of youth in the promotion of peace and stability, the Government of Kenya has undertaken Let me end by reiterating Kenya’s commitment to concrete steps to create spaces for young people to the full implementation of resolution 2250 (2015). We gain awareness and engage in the prevention of conflict welcome the recommendations made in the progress and maintenance of peace. In that regard, Kenya has study on youth and peace and security, and we look already begun the process of developing a national forward to working with all relevant partners in the action plan for the implementation of resolution 2250 adoption of those actionable steps at the national and (2015). Consultations will begin to take place at the local levels. county, national and regional levels to raise awareness The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the and gain insight from the relevant stakeholders prior floor to the representative of Estonia. to the development of the draft action plan. Youth organizations, civil society, international organizations, Mr. Reinart (Estonia): I would like to thank the academia and the private sector, among other relevant Peruvian presidency of the Security Council this month stakeholders, will be key partners in that initial stage, for organizing this timely debate, ahead of the General as well as upcoming stages. Assembly’s high-level meeting on peacebuilding and sustaining peace. The issue of the participation and In addition, Government bodies dealing with engagement of youth in achieving and sustaining peace peace and security matters are already taking steps to truly deserves our attention at every step of the way. be more inclusive. The National Steering Committee In that regard, we very much welcome the Security on Peacebuilding and Conflict Management has Council concept note (S/2018,324, annex) on this topic. implemented guidelines for peace structures, which stipulate that for every 15 of its members there should Estonia also aligns itself with the statement to be be male and female youth representation. . delivered by the observer of the European Union. Moreover, through capacity-building training Let me start by emphasizing the importance on peace, national cohesion, conflict resolution and of resolution 2250 (2015), which for the first time mediation, the National Cohesion and Integration addressed the need to engage young people in peace and Commission has been able to reach 24,964 young security discussions and recognized that young people

18-11894 33/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 play a crucial role in the maintenance and promotion of the report of the Secretary-General on peacebuilding international peace and security. and sustaining peace (S/2018/43), and we are looking forward to further discussion on that during the high- Estonia welcomes the independent progress study level meeting this week. on youth and peace and security (see S/2018/86), and we highly appreciate that a number of young people were The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the involved in its preparation. We hope that the study will floor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Montenegro. be followed by action based on its recommendations and Mr. Darmanović (Montenegro): I would like to that it will help to start truly meaningful engagement thank you, Mr. President, for convening today’s debate of youth on matters related to peace and security. I on youth and peace and security, and I commend Peru’s would like to highlight some aspects in particular strong commitment to this issue. I also thank today’s concerning why the meaningful engagement of youth is briefers for their valuable input to this debate. of paramount importance. Montenegro aligns itself with the statement to be First, encouraging the youth to be active participants made by the observer of the European Union. Still, I in society contributes directly to the prevention of would like to add a few remarks in my national capacity. violence, including violent extremism and conflict. If we are to succeed in our prevention efforts globally, it is We are continuously witnessing the dramatic essential that we put inclusion at the heart of prevention consequences of conflict and violence in different strategies. The progress study noted that structural parts of the world. It is often young people who face inequalities and social, political and economic obstacles, ranging from discrimination, marginalization exclusion contribute to youth poverty, violence and and poverty to armed conflict. Their voices are powerlessness. Therefore, in order to develop more distinctively underrepresented on issues that concern inclusive societies, we need to support equal access them, including peacebuilding and the prevention of for all young people to education and labour markets, conflict. Young people are the main victims of direct advance their human rights and fundamental freedoms, violence in conflict situations, but sometimes also are promote the rule of law and gender equality and reach the perpetrators of violence, due to their vulnerability out proactively to the most marginalized young people. to both voluntary and involuntary military recruitment. Secondly, broad-based and people-centred The issue of youth and peace and security peacebuilding partnerships that meaningfully include requires joint action. We welcome the findings and youth, women, civil society organizations and other recommendations of the progress study on youth and social actors are essential in peacebuilding and peace and security (see S/2018/86), pursuant to landmark sustaining peace. The youth are key actors of social resolution 2250 (2015). Montenegro participated in the transformation, and allowing them to contribute with negotiations for that resolution as part of the Eastern their enthusiasm, idealism, energy and innovative Europe and Central Asian region. solutions will benefit peacebuilding efforts. Therefore, The potential of youth to facilitate peace processes once conflict has ended, it is important that young is often undermined. We believe that it is crucial to people have the opportunity to participate in post- involve youth in such processes as stakeholders and conflict activities and decision-making processes. decision makers. That allows them to gain ownership It is important to allow the empowerment of the of the policies that affect them and all of us. voice of young people. To make that voice better heard, There are many talented and creative young men and Estonia lowered the voting age from 18 to 16 in local women who are pioneering innovation and new social elections, in response to the initiative of young people media tools and ways to reach the young population. who wished to be more involved in the decision-making Montenegro supports all efforts aimed at voicing the process at the local level. Thee outcome has needs and priorities of young people and proposing been positive. sustainable solutions for their problems. The national It is high time for the contribution of young youth strategy of Montenegro for the period 2017 to 2021 people to sustaining peace to be further recognized focuses on facilitating the access of young people to the and supported by Member States and the United labour market and employment and to quality education, Nations system. In that connection, we also welcome their active participation in decision-making processes

34/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 and policy creation and access to quality health care Just over two years ago, the Security Council and to culture, both as creators and consumers. That unanimously adopted resolution 2250 (2015), is how we are striving to create an efficient framework recognizing that the energy and creativity of young for the systematic improvement of the position of people should be harnessed and actively engaged in young people in Montenegro. We strongly believe that shaping lasting peace and contributing to justice and investing in youth is the best investment for the stability reconciliation. We highly appreciate the work of the and prosperity of our society. team led by Mr. Graeme Simpson, and we welcome the progress study on youth and peace and security The contribution of the United Nations system (see S/2018/86) prepared by its members in response in Montenegro, through different programmes and to the resolution. I would like to assure my colleagues projects, particularly the Programme on Youth that the Ukrainian Government is carefully studying Empowerment, is of great importance for enabling young the recommendations contained in the report and will people to use their full potential in decision-making, consider them in the process of further adjustment to its entrepreneurship and participation in various social national youth policy. activities. Montenegro is also very active in connecting youth from the region of the western Balkans. Unfortunately, we have to admit and agree with Representatives from the Government and civil sector the conclusion of the study: many young people around of Montenegro participated in a comprehensive process the world are frustrated by the tendency of their of establishing the Regional Youth Cooperation Office. Governments and international actors to treat youth We are proud that Montenegro was the first to establish as a problem to be solved, instead of as partners of a liaison office for that important regional initiative, peace. It shall be one of our priorities to address that which aims at reconciliation through the joint activities challenge, in order to contribute to international peace of young people of the western Balkans region. and security. We firmly believe that the 1.8 billion young people around the world can play a crucial role Young people around the world can make an in building a world that is more peaceful than what we important contribution to sustaining peace and have now. That can be achieved through ensuring the stability. We realize that achieving the goals of peace inclusiveness of youth policies aimed at seamless social and development concerns their future, and they should integration and accommodating young people’s positive have a crucial stake in it. It is both a demographic and creative potential, to the benefit of societies. and democratic imperative that young people actively participate in decision-making and are treated as a We shall continue to pay special attention to this vital asset to any society. Providing young people with issue through United Nations programmes and special the right educational tools for crisis prevention and procedures for youth. Young people are the future. peacebuilding has a positive impact on development While actively contributing to peace and security and sustainable peace. Montenegro genuinely supports through participation in peacekeeping operations — I United Nations efforts to create spaces in which youth invite those present to just look the average age of Blue can contribute to the peace and security agenda, and it Helmet personnel — they also suffer most from political stands ready to be a reliable partner in those endeavours. and man-made disasters, as do women and children. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the I should like to highlight the fact that youth are floor to the representative of Ukraine. among those who suffered most in Ukraine from the Russian aggression in Crimea and Donbas. Young Mr. Kyslytsya (Ukraine): Ukraine aligns itself people in those areas lost their chance to receive with the statement to be delivered by the observer of quality education and to work. More than 60 per cent the European Union. In my national capacity, I would of internally displaced persons are young women. like to add the following. Nevertheless, tens of thousands of young people I would like to express our appreciation for your actively volunteered by providing support to our armed initiative, Mr. President, to hold this open debate on forces in the fight to protect the territorial integrity the issue of youth, peace and security. I also thank the and sovereignty of Ukraine. Youth and student Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, Ms. Jayathma organizations became equally active in delivering aid Wickramanayake, for her briefing, as well as the other and humanitarian assistance to the people affected by briefers for their input. the ensuing hostilities.

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My delegation has repeatedly urged the Ukraine is convinced that the role of youth in Russian Federation to accept its international legal ensuring peace and security cannot be overestimated. responsibility, and we demand the termination of its The energy and creativity of young people can wrongful acts in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, contribute to the development and progress of their the city of Sevastopol and certain areas of the Donetsk societies. Unfortunately, there are also numerous and Luhansk regions. As an example, according to the examples showing that energy can be, and is, exploited latest report on the human rights situation in Ukraine for destructive purposes. It is our joint responsibility of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner to assist the younger generation in pursuing their for Human Rights, which was released a month ago, aspirations to build a better world of tomorrow, to the Russian Federation continued to compel Crimean equip them through education with the right tools and residents into its armed forces, conscripting at least to make sure that young people become agents of peace 4,800 men within two campaigns in 2017, in violation and positive change. of international humanitarian law. Moreover, courts in Crimea started to hear cases on charges of draft evasion. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the We therefore demand that the Russian Federation stop floor to the representative of Switzerland. the illegal practice of the conscription of young men in Ms. Baeriswyl (Switzerland) (spoke in French): As the occupied territories and respect its obligations as Mahatma Gandhi once said, if we are to reach real peace an occupying Power in accordance with international in the world, we shall have to begin with the children. humanitarian law, as defined by the General Assembly. Given that nearly half of the world’s population is under No matter how proud the actions of Ukraine’s the age of 24, it is crucial to address their needs and youth make us feel, repelling the foreign aggression vulnerabilities and, even more, to harness the great and managing its consequences is not the fate we potential of young people when it comes to building a envisioned for our younger generation. Therefore, peaceful and safe society. the Government of Ukraine is now committed to I would like to focus on two areas that the Secretary- qualitatively strengthening the potential of our youth, as General recommended in his progress study on youth well as creating equal opportunities and guaranteeing and peace and security (see S/2018/86): inclusivity equal rights for them. In that regard, we strongly believe and education. that education has to, and will, play a leading role in shaping the future of our youth, reinforcing their role First, young people will have to live tomorrow with in public life and instilling a spirit of open-mindedness, the choices that we make today. It is therefore essential tolerance and a can-do attitude. that we include them in today’s decision-making. That is not only an ethical imperative; it is also in the To achieve that goal, an educational reform interests of an international community that is serious was launched in 2017 with the adoption of a law on about its future. If peace is to be successfully sustained, education. That, among other things, is fully in line it has to be supported, embraced and implemented by with the recommendation of the progress study to the youth — women and men. support inclusive labour policies and practices that ensure equal access for all young people to the labour There are numerous initiatives on political market and the enjoyment of fundamental principles participation, some of which we have heard and and rights at work. admired today. I would also mention the African Youth Parliament and the European Youth Parliament. They We reiterate our position that the empowerment are proof that young people want to take an active of youth and youth-oriented organizations is essential part in shaping the future of our countries. We should in promoting positive role models, finding proper encourage them so that they also inspire those who so responses to violence and building a peaceful social far have chosen not to participate in referendums and fabric. Therefore, with regard to the youth population, elections. Democracy is a work in progress and has to the Government of Ukraine has moved away from the be constantly worked on and defended, in my country patronizing stance of working with youth to an inclusive as well as in all others. approach of youth participation. We note that such an approach is also advocated by the authors of the study Youth inclusivity is particularly important in before us. conflict situations. In Syria, young people will play an

36/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 instrumental role in the search for a sustainable solution. Mr. Leffler: I have the honour to speak on behalf It is for this reason that Switzerland has supported the of the European Union (EU) and its member States. Civil Society Support Room in Geneva since 2016. The candidate countries the former Yugoslav Republic More than 1,000 participants, most of whom are under of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Albania; the 30 and represent over 400 Syrian non-governmental country of the Stabilization and Association Process organizations, have participated in these negotiations and potential candidate Bosnia and Herzegovina; the under United Nations auspices. They have played a European Free Trade Association country Liechtenstein, constructive role in identifying priorities for the future member of the European Economic Area; as well as of Syria’s young people. We shall continue to support Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova and Georgia align them as much as we can. themselves with this statement. Secondly, I turn to education, defined by the poet I would like to start by extending a special thanks William Butler Yeats as “the lighting of a fire”. It is to the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth and to by educating young minds that great change becomes the lead author of the independent progress study on possible. We need a great change. All young people youth and peace and security (see S/2018/86), as well should have access to inclusive and equitable quality as to the representatives of youth and civil society, education, as called for in the 2030 Agenda for for their statements. Allow me to express the EU’s Sustainable Development. However, violent conflict appreciation for the progress study and its support and persecution have uprooted many young women and for the recommendations therein. The EU contributed men, with displacement reaching record levels. Half to this landmark process through hosting a European of refugees today are under 18 years of age and spend regional consultation on youth, peace and security, and more time in displacement and exile than in school. we welcomed that opportunity to channel the voices of That is the seed of future lost generations. A small young Europeans into this process. minority may even embrace alternatives with regard to their sense of belonging, status and power, and the risk We applaud this open debate, with appreciation of violence is thus exacerbated. for Peru’s leadership and the envisaged adoption of a new Security Council resolution on youth and This is where we have to step in to break the vicious peace and security. We anticipate a forward-looking, circle of misery, radicalization and conflict. Switzerland strategic outcome to accelerate the implementation has therefore increased its budget for education of this important agenda. We also support annual activities in fragile contexts by 50 per cent. Over the implementation reports by the Secretary-General as past few years, for example, we have rehabilitated 128 well as yearly open debates in the Council, including schools in the Middle East, thereby facilitating access briefings by young peacebuilders. to schooling for around 86,000 young people, among them many Syrian refugee children. The youth, peace and security agenda reminds us that young people want to be heard; they want to An estimated 408 million young people aged take action and they want to lead. Recognizing and between 15 and 29 are living in contexts of organized empowering those aspirations is the promise of the violence or armed conflict throughout the world. We youth and peace and security agenda. Allow me to lay need to intensify our efforts to allow this generation out the perspective of the EU on this topic. to have a future and to enjoy peace, security and prosperity. There are great challenges ahead, and it is To begin with, we need to challenge the difficult to predict how long it will take to overcome generalizations which identify young people with the them. But as the saying goes, the best way to predict risk of radicalization and violent action. That mistakes the future is to create it. I suggest we do exactly that, young men for potential perpetrators and young women together with our young people. for potential victims. On the contrary, we know that the overwhelming majority of young people — like Today’s debate and the resolution to be adopted all of us — seek a peaceful future for themselves, are a further step in the right direction and for this, for their neighbours and for the broader national and Mr. President, I warmly thank you. international community. We see that too little is done The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the to harness their potential to prevent conflict and to floor to the observer of the European Union. contribute to sustaining peace.

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The progress study and this open debate provide Thirdly, the EU fully shares the call of the progress an excellent opportunity to shift this narrative. In this study to maximize youth ownership and agency on peace context, the EU fully shares the view that preventing and security. One illustration of how we empower young violence and sustaining peace is best served by people’s leadership is the Africa-EU partnership. At the addressing young people’s experiences of exclusion fifth African Union-European Union Summit, which and marginalization. The EU also heeds the call of took place in Abidjan last November, young people young people, amplified by the progress study, to provided political recommendations on priority topics prioritize and invest in youth-based and youth-led for the African Union (AU) and the EU. Moreover, a peacebuilding activities. number of the young people present spent five weeks I would like to offer three messages regarding working intensely with AU and EU structures to inclusion, resilience and leadership. develop those recommendations into a youth agenda with concrete initiatives and proposals. That agenda was First, the EU has always striven to promote broad- presented to African and European Heads of State at the based, people-centred peacebuilding coalitions, which Summit, and we are currently working on a follow-up meaningfully include youth, women, civil society mechanism to ensure the continuous inclusion of young organizations and other partners. We continue to people in the Africa-EU partnership. accelerate the implementation of the youth and peace and security agenda and the women and peace and As the progress study underlines, young people’s security agenda, which are closely interlinked and work is a connector across peace and security, human mutually reinforcing. rights, sustainable development and humanitarian affairs. In the same vein, the European Union’s work For the EU, youth inclusion starts with two-way for and with young people connects all actors, policies dialogue with young people. We want to understand and instruments of the EU and represents a key aspect their vision for peacebuilding and find opportunities of the coherence of our action within and outside to support and scale up their initiatives. Exactly a the Union. month from now, the EU will host an innovative and inclusive conference on youth, peace and security Many people, across all ages and generations, are in Brussels, in partnership with the United Nations ready to make a difference to build peace. Mobilizing and civil society organizations. We hope that the the potential of young people as peacebuilders is one conference will create a new area and a new framework of the big challenges and opportunities of our time. for young peacebuilders from within and outside the The youth, peace and security agenda charts the way EU to engage in an interactive dialogue with leaders forward for all of us working together. and stakeholders from the EU and with multilateral and non-governmental partners. The conference will The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the further reinforce the momentum behind the European floor to the representative of Finland. Union’s focus on the youth and peace and security Ms. Sipiläinen (Finland): I would like to thank agenda and our cooperation with the United Nations on Peru for convening this debate. Finland commends youth in peacebuilding. the progress study on youth, peace and security by the Secondly, the EU’s investment in youth is currently Secretariat (see S/2018/86) and thanks Mr. Graeme the focus of multiple programmes on four continents. Simpson, along with his Advisory Group of Experts, As an example, we have recently launched a project for their thorough work in carrying out the study. with UNICEF to strengthen the resilience and civic Finland aligns itself with the statement just engagement of adolescents and youth in conflict- delivered by the observer of the European Union. affected areas in eastern Ukraine. A global project with UNESCO works to strengthen education sector The Security Council adopted resolution 2250 planning capacities for conflict prevention and crisis (2015), on youth, peace and security, in 2015, but the preparedness. Another EU project in the Democratic seeds were planted by active youth long before then. The Republic of the Congo reinforces youth involvement resolution promotes the idea of youth as a positive force in conflict prevention in areas affected by the Lord’s towards peace. Today it is important to focus on the Resistance Army. effective implementation of the resolution. The progress

38/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 study at hand is an invaluable instrument in supporting should be a mainstreamed, overarching approach in the full participation of youth in peace processes. future resolutions, with mechanisms for following up its implementation. The progress study teaches Finland is pleased that prevention has been established at the centre of the agenda of Secretary- us that building mutual trust between young people General Guterres. The progress study emphasizes the and Governments is a prerequisite for improving role of young people in conflict prevention. youth participation. That means actively promoting their participation and giving them responsibility, It has become clear that an inclusive approach to not just tolerating their presence. The report also peacebuilding is necessary for the achievement of good includes concrete recommendations that need to be quality results and that sustaining peace requires the implemented. I would particularly like to highlight involvement of a wide range of actors from different recommendations related to education and media parts of society. That means youth, women and literacy, which can contribute both to recovery and civil society. building a peaceful future. In most of the societies suffering from violent Our role as decision-makers in our societies is not conflicts, women are underrepresented in both formal to work for the youth, but with them. Young men and and informal decision-making. As we know, youth women do not need the voices of others to speak on their make up another significant part of the population that behalf; they just need to be enabled to get on the stage is often marginalized from political processes. That to speak for themselves, instead of being prevented means that the voices of young women too often go unheard, and especially so in conflict situations. In from doing so. Finland, Ms. Jutta Urpilainen, the Foreign Minister’s The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the Special Representative on Mediation, has chosen floor to the representative of Norway. to focus her work on both young people and women as priorities. Mr. Frølich Holte (Norway): First of all, I would like to thank Peru for organizing this debate. Norway The women and peace and security agenda promoted congratulates the authors of the progress study on by resolution 1325 (2000) has gained significant youth, peace and security (see S/2018/86). We are also normative and political strength since its adoption, proud to have supported the study financially. 18 years ago. Finland remains strongly committed to advancing the women and peace and security agenda, As the Secretary-General has pointed out, without and our recently published third national action plan on the full involvement of young people, there will be no the resolution was drafted with the close participation of sustainable peace, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable civil society. We hope to see a similar path of progress Development will not be achieved and violent extremism with regard to the youth, peace and security agenda. will not be curtailed. There is no greater resource than our youth. Both the Security Council and the General I wish to take this opportunity to commend Assembly recognize the key role young people can Ms. Jayathma Wickramanayake for her work as the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth. We look forward play in maintaining and promoting international peace to continuing our close cooperation with her. and security. Active Finnish youth organizations have played Norway has taken several concrete steps to a strong role in promoting resolution 2250 (2015). In implement resolution 2250 (2015). Through our our future efforts to advance the implementation of the involvement in peace and reconciliation efforts in resolution, we intend to keep civil society, especially Colombia, the Philippines and South Sudan, we have youth organizations, strongly involved in the process. seen at first-hand the important contributions of youth. Our national 2250-Network, a group of stakeholders Based on that experience, we encourage the inclusion, and non-governmental organizations with a focus on at an early stage, of young women and men in peace representing youth, is a concrete example of that work. negotiations and the resolution of conflict. The progress study sends a strong message Norway supports a number of youth movements, about the importance of keeping young people on the including the Youth Civil Activism Network. The agenda of the Security Council. The youth perspective organization has 1,300 members in 125 countries and

18-11894 39/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 helps young people to develop skills and resources to implementation and design of this important first study counter extremism in local communities. on youth, peace and security. Education is a main priority for Norway. We have We are proud to once again attend an interactive doubled our support to global education over the past and constructive discussion on the youth, peace and four years to ensure schooling for more than 3 million security agenda, which was launched by Jordan during boys and girls annually. our membership of the Council in December 2015 (see S/PV.7573), based on the vision of His Royal Highness In the Group of Friends of Preventing Violent Crown Prince Al Hussein bin Abdullah II, who presided Extremism, which is co-chaired by Jordan and Norway, over a historic meeting on this topic during Jordan’s we share lessons learned and best practices for including presidency of the Security Council (see S/PV.7432). youth and civil society in national strategies to prevent violent extremism. We recall that the Council adopted resolution 2250 (2015) as the first resolution of its kind — unprecedented At the national level, Norway has developed international recognition of the need for young men legislative frameworks to ensure the integration of and women to contribute to global efforts to enhance youth into policymaking and the development of sustainable peace. The resolution has paved the way initiatives to empower young people. We have also for the participation of youth in decision-making at established integration programmes to promote the all levels and supported youth in building capacity active participation and inclusion of refugee and to take the initiative and participate in charting their migrant youth in Norwegian society. present and their future. It has helped to transform the In 2014, the Government launched its action plan stereotypes that youth are the problem and the culprits against radicalization and violent extremism, which or victims of violence, into a positive perspective that outlines a strategic cross-sectoral approach. The sees youth as partners in combating violent extremism action plan focuses particularly on preventing the and terrorism and achieving a much-needed culture radicalization of young people. One of the measures in of peace. the action plan is a guidance programme for parents The youth, peace and security agenda is crucial. and guardians. More than half of the world’s population are under Norway will continue to empower young women and the age of 30, with 70 per cent of them living in two men to be agents of change in their communities — not regions torn apart by conflict, namely, the Middle only to prevent violent extremism, but to remove its East and Africa. The international developments root causes. As I said at the beginning, the innovative and challenges that we face, especially in the Middle abilities of youth will be crucial for achieving East, have created a reality that lacks stability and has sustainable peace and development. negatively impacted youth and children, who have lost their opportunities and access to quality education The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the due to displacement and slow economic progress. That floor to the representative of Jordan. requires serious international and national attention to Ms. Bahous (Jordan) (spoke in Arabic): We provide development needs in the areas most affected appreciate Peru’s cooperation, work and efforts to hold by conflict, as part of the conflict prevention effort. this important meeting during its presidency of the That would help to enhance the resilience of youth Security Council for this month. I would like also to vis-à-vis the challenges they face. thank the briefers, the Secretary-General’s Envoy on In the light of the reality in our region, we have Youth and the two young women from Haiti and the launched the youth, peace and security agenda based Central African Republic. I also thank Mr. Simpson on our conviction that there needs to be a voice given for preparing the progress study on youth, peace and to youth at all levels. They need to contribute to security (see S/2018/86). We thank the Peacebuilding policies and institutional programmes regarding their Support Office and the United Nations Population Fund future, which would help us empower and support for their great efforts over the past two years. I would them in improving them skills and realizing their true like also to thank the United Nations Development potential. In turn, that would serve their societies and Programme and all those who contributed to the countries. Resolution 2250 (2015) was therefore a

40/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 historic resolution aimed at peacebuilding, sustainable peace and cohesion and enhancing dialogue for the development and enhancing trust between youth and exchange of experiences. those who provide them with empowerment, as well as We are implementing the Sustainable Development the activation and operationalization of the role played Goals and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. by civil society and youth organizations. In that connection, our national strategies and policies Jordan takes a leading role in the fight against have linked the important role of young men and terrorism at the regional and international levels. women to those goals, which we cannot achieve without We have established several initiatives and believe youth participation and without providing every there must be concerted international efforts against opportunity for youth to build their capacity and realize terrorism, violent extremism and radicalization, while their potential in order to achieve development. In our employing a moderate counter-narrative. To that end, younger societies, youth are the link between peace, with the cooperation of Norway, we participate in the development and human rights. Group of Friends on Preventing Violent Extremism, Jordan welcomes the progress study mandated which supports the United Nations Office of Counter- by resolution 2250 (2015). The report of the Terrorism and provides guidance to youth through Secretary-General on peacebuilding and sustaining United Nations agencies’ various counter-terrorism peace (S/2018/43) enjoys our support, as do the initiatives and projects. We are also the co-facilitators of recommendations that are part of the reform of the the sixth review of the United Nations Global Counter- United Nations development system and other United Terrorism Strategy. We hope that a draft resolution Nations reform processes. That constitutes a road map is agreed to improve the international response to for the implementation of resolution 2250 (2015) and for countering terrorism. enhancing the participation of youth in peacebuilding It is not enough to invest in policies and security and their ability to create positive change. We call for the plans. We must invest in policies and sustainable implementation of such a mandate — particularly as we development plans that focus on quality education, are investing in the capacity of young men and women, employment, the role of women and addressing the providing them with useful political participation and root causes of inequality and social injustice and that ensuring all forms of protection against violence — so enhance the loyalty of youth to their societies and that they are able to exercise their rights. homelands. That would create a link between peace We support national, regional and international and security and development. National strategies partnerships and the establishment of new dialogue and in support of youth need to be coupled with policies accountability mechanisms at the United Nations level. that support childhood, which is a strong basis for the Jordan has begun to implement resolution 2250 (2015), upbringing of a very positive youth generation. as well as other relevant recommendations, and has Jordan believes that investment in youth is done established the Champions for Youth group. So far, it through a number of means: first, by establishing a includes 24 member States, in addition to the European modern educational system that caters to labour market Union. The aim is to follow up the implementation needs and eliminates poverty and unemployment; of resolution 2250 (2015) and maintain international secondly, by enhancing the culture of peace among political momentum. Jordan has cooperated with youth, improving their participation in decision-making other United Nations agencies and partners to create at the national and political levels and encouraging programmes for young men and women refugees, in their voluntary work; thirdly, the economic integration particular Syrian refugees. of youth into their societies that goes beyond simply At the national level, we have also developed providing them with job opportunities and by enhancing policies and strategies in line with resolution 2250 their participation in strategies at the national and local (2015). We established the Youth 2250 project, which levels; fourthly, by enhancing the role of the media seeks to raise awareness among young people about the through different platforms that would support youth implementation of the resolution. In that regard, we thank and improve media coverage on the positive input of the European Union for funding the project. Jordan also youth and their role, as well as encouraging creativity; developed a national youth strategy for the period 2017- and fifthly, by enhancing the role of youth in social 2025 in order to identify priorities in supporting youth,

18-11894 41/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 including training programmes for civic education and My country firmly believes that in today’s participation in decision-making at the local level. That world young people are vital drivers of peace, is in addition to our national strategy for women, which change and prosperity. Their specific sensibility and we developed to implement resolution 1325 (2000), on forward-looking approach, as well as their idealism, women and peace and security. creativity and energy, can meaningfully contribute to building and sustaining peace, providing long-term We have also included a youth pillar in our sustainable solutions and fostering conflict prevention comprehensive strategy to combat violent extremism, and reconciliation. and amended our national laws to include provisions that enhance the role of youth and their positive Italy is strongly committed to the implementation political participation. of the youth, peace and security agenda. We were the first Member State to provide support to the Office Jordan has also launched a number of initiatives of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth after her that empower youth and enhance their participation, appointment as the new Envoy. including providing young entrepreneurs with financial support for their projects and helping them find creative In our vision, youth policies represent the best solutions to challenges in their communities. That link between the peace and security agenda and serves to promote Jordan’s efforts to safeguard young Agenda 2030, in accordance with Secretary-General men and women and prevent an environment conducive Guterres’ view on sustaining peace. In that spirit, I am to extremism. Among the most prominent of our glad to announce today that the Government of Italy initiatives are the King Abdullah II Award for Youth has decided to finance a major initiative for bridging Innovation; our Achieve Initiative, which was awarded the two agendas and supporting their joint youth- the Alexander Bordini International Prize for 2016; and led implementation. Through an initial allocation of our National Democratic Empowerment Programme. $500,000 to the Department of Social and Economic Affairs (DESA), Italy is contributing to the development Finally, we face great opportunities but also great of a new project entitled “Young People’s Contributions responsibilities. We must translate the demographic to Sustainable Peace in the Framework of the 2030 opportunity that is our youth into genuine peace Agenda”, devised by DESA in cooperation with through frameworks that support young people and their several other United Nations agencies, including the capacity at all levels to build sustainable world peace. Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, the The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the Peacebuilding Support Office and the United Nations floor to the representative of Italy. Development Programme. Mr. Lambertini (Italy) (spoke in Spanish): I wish This broad project is aimed at strengthening the to begin by thanking the Peruvian presidency for capacities of Government officials, youth organizations convening this very timely open debate on youth, peace and civil -society partners in the formulation and and security. implementation of national policies and programmes promoting sustainable peace and security. Through an (spoke in English) open and inclusive participatory process, the project I would like to thank Mr. Graeme Simpson, who will design and test key instruments for promoting the did a tremendous job as lead author of the progress participation of young women and men in processes study on youth, peace and security (see S/2018/86). I geared at preventing violent conflict and sustaining also thank all the other briefers who today gave us very peace in their societies. The outcomes of the project insightful and thorough presentations, starting with will first be implemented in pilot countries in Africa the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy, whose work we and the Middle East and North Africa region. enthusiastically support. We are also committed to building networks of Italy aligns itself with the statement delivered by young peacebuilders and activists in our own country. the observer of the European Union, as well as with Through an inclusive selection process involving civil the statement to be delivered by the representative of society, the Italian Government has for the first time Romania on behalf of the Peacebuilding Commission. I appointed two youth delegates who, through nationwide wish to add a few remarks in my national capacity. advocacy activities as well as participation in meetings

42/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 at United Nations Headquarters, are helping to From a broader perspective, it is necessary to promote the culture of active participation by youth in create conditions to ensure the representation of peacebuilding and reconciliation processes. young people at all levels of governance. As noted in the progress report, young people have been fully Finally, the role of the Security Council is pivotal demonstrating their capacity for leadership for peace in promoting the role of youth in peace and security. in a wide range of contexts — from preventing violent To that end, as recommended in the progress study, extremism, political conflicts and organized crime to we would encourage the establishment of an informal activism in the area of nuclear disarmament and small working group on youth, peace and security, akin to the arms regulation. one on women and peace and security. We must continue to tirelessly promote this agenda in the interests of all. Although Brazil has not been affected by armed The Council can count on Italy’s full support and long- conflict on its territory, the country is still responsible term commitment in that regard. for promoting progress on the issue of youth, peace and international security. During its chairmanship of the The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the Peacebuilding Commission, Brazil sought to prioritize floor to the representative of Brazil. youth by paying attention to their specific needs and Mr. Giacomelli Da Silva (Brazil) (spoke in challenges in conflict and post-conflict contexts, while Spanish): I would like to thank you, Mr. President, for encouraging their active participation so as to achieve organizing this debate. We are also grateful for the lasting and inclusive peace. We remain firmly committed briefings presented in this debate. to the empowerment of young women and men through projects aimed at building their capacity and at income Brazil is of the view that resolution 2250 generation in the framework of the chairmanship of (2015) was a landmark resolution in that it the Guinea-Bissau configuration of the Peacebuilding recognized the need for a comprehensive and Commission. Those initiatives, supported by Brazil, positive approach to the role of youth in preventing also reflect the goals that the country seeks to reach armed violence and conflict and in peacebuilding. domestically, with the broadening of opportunities for Young people make up the majority of the population young people. in countries in conflict and suffer disproportionately We are pleased that the Council and other United from its effects. It is estimated that young men make up Nations entities involved in peacebuilding are lending 90 per cent of fatalities in conflicts today. special attention to the issue of youth, peace and Conflicts and armed violence also affect young security. However, we believe that we must strengthen people by disrupting their access to education and our cross-cutting approach to the matter, including by economic opportunities, which has a lasting impact incorporating it into the mandates of peacekeeping with direct negative consequences on peacebuilding missions, preparing annual reports on the subject and and the prospects for sustainable development of bolstering the direct engagement of young people in future generations. Young people are also particularly the decision-making and principal organs of the United vulnerable to violent extremism and organized crime. Nations system. However, we must refrain from stereotypes associating The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the youth with violence, as well as hasty and repressive floor to the representative of Pakistan. responses. As recognized in resolution 2250 (2015), we need an approach that is not only reactive, but Ms. Lodhi (Pakistan): My delegation welcomes also preventive. In particular, the international this open debate on youth, peace and security. We community should focus on addressing factors that wish to thank all the briefers for their comprehensive contribute to the involvement of young people in briefings. The independent progress study on youth, violence, such as poverty, the lack of educational peace and security (see S/2018/86) was particularly opportunities and social and cultural exclusion. useful and illuminating. It is also essential that young people play an active The world today has more young people than ever role in post-conflict settings through mechanisms that before — 46 per cent of the global population is under 26 ensure the participation of young people in all stages of years of age. Many parts of the world, including my own the peace process. country, has a youth bulge, with young people making

18-11894 43/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 up a majority of our populations. Inspired by hope, We need to fight the violence of exclusion by talking optimism and an unbridled sense of idealism, youth are to young people, listening to them and giving them the agents of change in their communities and societies. Yet, voice that they deserve. Resolution 2250 (2015), on despite being repositories of the world’s greatest hopes, youth, peace and security, redresses that critical gap in the young also find themselves at the forefront of some global thinking by recognizing the key role of youth of the biggest challenges that we confront today. In an in conflict prevention and promoting lasting peace. We ever-changing and increasingly complex world, they must build on that momentum. There cannot be any face the pressures from socioeconomic inequalities, half measures in seeking to translate our commitment political and social exclusion, discrimination and a lack to our youth. of fair opportunity. My country, Pakistan, is proud to have led the Young people are also some of the worst victims charge in successfully implementing holistic and in situations of armed conflict, humanitarian crisis, comprehensive strategies to counter the narrative of foreign occupation and long-standing and unresolved extremism, and at the same time engage our youth so disputes. Their sense of justice is aroused and their that they can become productive members of our society. patience is frequently tested by the inconsistent and We have adopted a whole-of-society approach based on often selective global response to their pain, suffering engagement with civil society, including faith leaders, and plight. Yet we see that many of the fundamental local communities and the media, to promote the causes enraging our youth are often conspicuous by concept of a plural society based on building peaceful their absence in our discourse on those issues. and harmonious communities. A major focus of that approach has been the empowerment of youth at the As Secretary-General António Guterres reminded grassroots level by engaging them as decision-makers us recently, in the decision-making process. “No one is born a terrorist, and nothing We are also investing in youth so as to provide justifies terrorism, but we know that factors such them an opportunity to live their dreams and enable as prolonged unresolved conflicts, lack of the them to become my country’s future leaders. My rule of law and socioeconomic marginalization Government has launched the comprehensive Prime can all play a role in transforming grievances into Minister’s youth programme, which aims at providing destructive action.” the young and underprivileged with skills training and The toxic message of violent extremism preys on the access to higher education and employment. That, I am vulnerability of youth, recruiting them to its violent happy to report, has already benefited over 1 million ways by playing on their sensitivity to injustice and young people. oppression, and propagating hate, intolerance and We were proud to showcase many of our violence as the sole response to numerous inequities. achievements during the event entitled “Investing in If one has nothing to live for, one finds something to Youth to Counter Terrorism”, which Pakistan co-hosted die for. We must break that nexus between desperation with Norway and the United Nations Office on Counter- and hopelessness. Terrorism here at the United Nations on 12 April. The role of youth lies at the heart of international Speaking at our event, Secretary-General António peace and security. For far too long, young men have Guterres said, “I do not agree that young people are been considered perpetrators of violence, and young the leaders of tomorrow. More and more, they are the women its victims. While a small minority of youth leaders of today.” Let us therefore commit ourselves, or recommit ourselves, to building on the positive energy takes to violence, sweeping characterizations of young and innovative spirit of our young people and to striving populations have for long exacerbated their sense for a world where the illusion of cynicism gives way to of marginalization. It is time to debunk those false the ideal of hope and equal and inclusive opportunities stereotypes. It is time to recognize that youth are not available to the young match their boundless ambitions. merely instruments of war, but essential partners in That is the least we owe to them. peacebuilding. They are architects for economic and social development and the establishment of effective, The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the inclusive institutions. floor to the representative of Slovakia.

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Mr. Mlynár (Slovakia): I thank you very much, Resolution 2250 (2015) also requested that Mr. President, for the initiative of organizing this open the Secretary-General carry out a progress study debate on youth, peace and security today to further on young people’s positive contributions to peace discuss the positive role that young people can play in processes and conflict resolution. We believe that the conflict and post-conflict settings and how the Security recommendations set out in the implementation report Council can help young people build safer and more presented to the Council today (see S/2018/86) are peaceful societies. I would like to especially commend an important contribution to an evolving framework you, Sir, for your leadership during this month. It is for action within which Member States, the United obviously no coincidence that, shortly after last week’s Nations, civil society and other relevant stakeholders open debate on women and peace and security relating could work even closer together with young people to sexual exploitation and abuse (see S/PV.8234), we are towards achieving peaceful and inclusive societies. My today focusing on an issue that is of no less importance, delegation encourages the Security Council to further namely, the role of youth. I would also like to thank consider the critical issues and areas for intervention the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, Ms. Jayathma recommended by the study, which fall within the scope Wickramanayake, as well as the others who briefed the of its responsibility to bolster concrete and specific Council and enriched its deliberations this morning on actions for a greater role for young people to play in this important issue. strengthening peace and security. I cannot agree more with my colleague from Too often, public grievances and violence are driven Pakistan, who just spoke before me, when she said that by the politics of exclusion, which can result from an the youth are agents of change. I would add too that unrepresentative or abusive security sector — or by the we should also view them as ambassadors of change, latter’s failure to protect citizens from security threats or drivers of change, who really deserve our close and human rights abuses. Exposure to such destabilizing attention, including in the area of peace and security. factors and insecurity can have a profound effect on the future of young people and their relationship with In that context, I recall resolution 2250 (2015), of justice and the rule of law. I am highlighting the issue 9 December 2015, which is a milestone document in of security sector reform because, in only a few minutes our efforts to focus our attention increasingly on the from now, at 3 p.m., South Africa and Slovakia, as issue of youth, peace and security. It was the first to co-Chairs of the Group of Friends of Security Sector recognize the important and positive role that young Reform, will host a high-level round table focused on women and men play in the maintenance and promotion the issue of security sector reform and sustaining piece, of international peace and security, countering violent which is a contribution to this week’s ongoing efforts extremism and supporting peacebuilding efforts. Steps related to peacebuilding and sustaining peace. We will that have been undertaken based on resolution 2250 certainly also focus our attention on the role of youth (2015) aim at strengthening youth-centred approaches in the context of the security sector and in the wider and promoting the involvement of young people in context of sustaining peace. preventing violence, countering violent extremism, transitioning from conflicts and building peace in In conclusion, I would like to emphasize the need their communities. to raise greater awareness and understanding among young people of the security sector and its work and Young people under the age of 25 today make up the responsibilities, as well as the key challenges and threats majority of the population in many fragile and conflict- that security services may face, not least because young affected societies. They represent over one third of people often are also at the core of security sector populations displaced by conflicts and disasters, and personnel and those who serve the security sector and that is why we all have to work together to promote the rest of the population. Young people must assume the full implementation of resolution 2250 (2015). In an active role in the restoration of justice and security that regard, my delegation welcomes and supports the as a priority in post-conflict peacebuilding. Creating commitment of the Security Council to intensifying its an enabling environment and opportunities for young focus on issues relevant to the topic of young people, people throughout those processes in a participatory peace and security within the broader context of and engaging manner in public life and facilitating their sustaining peace and preventing conflict. access to education and employment remain the best

18-11894 45/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 strategy to decrease the risk of violence and increase Iraq has also encouraged the participation of human security in the long run. young people in elections and electoral campaigns. We encouraged the establishment of a youth parliament, The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the which held its first session on 10 October 2017, to create floor to the representative of Iraq. a genuine nucleus for free and sound political thinking Mr. Marzooq (Iraq) (spoke in Arabic): The that promotes the objectives of Iraq and the international delegation of my country would like to thank Peru’s community towards achieving security and peace. delegation, the President of the Security Council for My country has adopted a governmental programme this month, for organizing this constructive debate focused on strategic priorities to promote youth on youth, peace and security. Young people make up services and well-being. It includes the establishment the most important segment of society. They are the of youth facilities and sports clubs to promote young ones who achieve the desired objectives when it comes people’s athletic, cultural and scientific talents. to reconstruction, peace and countering extremism The Iraqi Government has issued a national human and violence. development report entitled “Iraqi Youth: Challenges and Opportunities”, which focuses on the concept of My country believes that the main threat facing the joint prosperity and well-being, which is at the heart world and youth today is the scourge of terrorism and of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. extremism, which represents a serious challenge to all Iraq is also seeking to adopt plans to eliminate youth the societies. In its modern history, Iraq has suffered unemployment and to encourage the employment of from war tragedies that have depleted much of its young people by providing them with short-term loans, potential, especially the potential of its youth. Young supported by the State, in order to improve their income people are the mainstay of our nation and the source of and well-being. The visit by the Secretary-General’s creativity and development. Iraq therefore has sought Envoy on Youth to Iraq in August 2017 was in support to invest in its youth to ensure their participation of our national youth strategy. in decision-making, liberating our land, countering Iraq has realized the real potential of youth in extremism and terrorism and preventing terrorist its fight against terrorism. That is why we adopted groups from recruiting young people in order to fuel a strategy to liberate our country and to ensure hatred and destruction. We have sought to make young reconstruction based on young people as active force people agents for peace and security. A collective that believes in the spirit of challenge and patience. Iraq international commitment to a long-term strategy is the is currently encouraging its diaspora to return to the most effective solution for eliminating extremism and country and to invest their potential and experiences violence and addressing their causes. in the country’s reconstruction. My country is aware My country has supported its young people and has of the need to rebuild a new society with young Iraqi been committed to the implementation of resolution hands, and eliminate the phenomenon of wasting the 2250 (2015). Our national youth strategy for the potential of young people in crime and violence. period 2013-2020, developed in cooperation with the In conclusion, the Government of Iraq reiterates United Nations Population Fund, includes plans and its rejection of all forms of violence, extremism and programmes to promote constructive mindsets among terrorism. We support the efforts of the international Iraq’s youth and strengthen cooperation, brotherhood community to eliminate those phenomena. We must and anti-violence efforts. We have also sought to focus on young people and their future by combating encourage sports among Iraqi youth as an alternative terrorism and its dangers. They have the right to enjoy to violence and terrorism. Since 2003, Iraq has been life. We must respond to their ideas and meet their attempting to rectify the mistakes made by the previous needs, as well as continue talking with them about their dictatorial regime with regard to our young people by role in building the future. inviting and encouraging sports teams to visit Iraq. We The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the have established the conditions necessary to assure all floor to the representative of Denmark. international parties that Iraq can now host sporting events at the international level by providing the Mr. Liisberg (Denmark): It is a privilege to take appropriate environment for that. part in this open debate on youth, peace and security.

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We welcome the progress study (see S/2018/86) and confrontations during the upcoming presidential would like to applaud the participatory process in elections in Mali. We need more initiatives like that which thousands of young people have been engaged. one, where young people are meaningfully engaged in finding the solution. Denmark is a strong supporter of resolution 2250 (2015), and therefore part of the Youth Champion Group Let me conclude by repeating the main message: on the resolution. We have also sponsored a United youth are crucial agents of change. Together, across Nations Development Programme study on youth’s role generations, we must unlock that potential and in supporting peace and stability, which has informed give youth the best possible conditions for them to the progress study we see before us today. promote peace and security. That is our call for action today — to ensure that meaningful youth engagement The reason for Denmark’s strong support is simple: in peace processes become mainstreamed simply we firmly believe that global youth has huge potential because it brings about change and because it can create as peacebuilders and agents of positive change, and we lasting peace. find it crucial to unleash that potential. We also have to look at risk, because if we do not listen to the youth, The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the they may be a source of instability and conflict. floor to the representative of Argentina. Youth all around the world deserve a bright future Mr. García Moritán (Argentina) (spoke in and to live in a safe, free and prosperous world in which Spanish): First, I would like to thank the Government fundamental human rights are respected. Youth are of Peru through you, Mr. President, for its initiative to not only the leaders of tomorrow, they are also crucial organize this debate on the theme of youth, peace and partners of today, as many have said. Engaging youth as security. We also thank the Secretary-General’s Envoy essential stakeholders in peace processes and in policy on Youth and Mr. Simpson, Ms. Pierre-Antoine and development in general is a way to reinforce legitimacy Ms. Ekomo-Soignet for their informative briefings. and effectiveness. Argentina has from the outset embraced the In November, Côte d’Ivoire was host to a summit Secretary-General’s new emphasis on conflict between the European Union and the African Union prevention and the development of the concept of with the headline of investing in youth. It was a very sustainable peace or sustaining peace — a narrative successful summit. I think part of the reason for that in which young people and women have an essential was that we managed to agree that the summit should role. Our country recognizes that peace and security include youth in the discussions and in determining the are interrelated and mutually reinforcing. We recognize solutions to the challenges they face. the important role of youth in conflict prevention and resolution and as a key aspect to the sustainability, The adoption of resolution 2250 (2015) was a inclusivity and success of peacebuilding and the historic milestone. The clear normative focus and maintenance of peace activities. That is why we support political strength of the resolution is crucial, but it is the implementation of resolution 2250 (2015), which not enough in itself. The true value lies in the success promotes young people, at the international level, being of its implementation. Our goal today must be to build instruments of peace, dialogue and understanding and a stronger common understand of how we can translate fight against poverty, violence and intolerance. resolution 2250 (2015) into action. We must ask ourselves how we can create results on the ground for Argentina believes that armed conflict hampers educational and employment opportunity for young the millions of young people who are affected by armed people, who are vulnerable and are often exposed to conflict but are limited in contributing to the solutions. dangerous situations that impede their development and Allow me to mention an example. In Mali, affect their schooling. It is estimated that approximately Denmark supports a youth organization called Think 300,000 armed children and young people live in Peace. The organization works on anti-radicalization conflict zones. They are victims, forced into a situation and countering violent extremism. Based on a mapping that is an ongoing violation of their rights, and are exercise, Think Peace has come up with concrete subject to recruitment, mutilation, abduction, sexual recommendations to Governments, political parties violence, attacks against schools and hospitals and a and civil society on how to mitigate conflict and violent denial of humanitarian aid.

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In addition to suffering violations of their most basic protection mechanism for young people affected by human rights, young people are affected psychologically armed conflict, helping them to reach their potential and and socially, which inhibits their development. They to contribute to the building of stronger communities. can lose access to education and other age-appropriate In turn, ensuring the security of young people allows activities. They can experience feelings of guilt or a them to become relevant actors in reconstruction and normalization of violence if they have joined an armed post-conflict peacebuilding processes, which can take group — either voluntarily or by force — or if they place more rapidly if the education sector has overcome have witnessed or committed acts of extreme violence. the effects of war. In many cases, feelings of loss, rootlessness, sexual Recognizing that young people represent a large violence and addiction to toxic substances can also proportion of the civilians who are harmed by armed adversely affect their mental health. conflict and that the interruption of their access to In the context of conflict, many young people are education and economic opportunities has decisive drafted into military service or participate in war- consequences for lasting peace and reconciliation, in related illicit subeconomies. Often they are forcefully March 2017, together with Norway, Argentina organized recruited and, in other cases, are motivated by cultural, the second International Conference on Safe Schools to social, economic and political pressures, since the raise general awareness of the seriousness of attacks informal economy linked to conflicts can sometimes against students, teachers, schools and universities offer work and social opportunities that are seen as and of the military use of schools and universities. The preferable to poverty and hunger. Conference was also intended to disseminate the Safe We must pay greater attention to the root causes Schools Declaration and the Guidelines for Preventing of conflicts and the importance of finding solutions Schools and Universities from Military Use during based on national participation in which young people Armed Conflict, adopted in Oslo in May 2015. can play a significant role in conflict prevention and Argentina believes that it is essential for young the maintenance of peace — if they are guaranteed an people to increase their meaningful and inclusive inclusive environment through the attainment of the participation as future leaders of peacebuilding with Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda for a transformative potential, rather than engaging in Sustainable Development. violence. Young people clearly have an important role In its participation in the Economic and to play in developing their own future and in building Social Council, Argentina has maintained that the peace. They should be involved in aid, recovery and Peacebuilding Commission serves a bridging and reconstruction programmes and as part of transition advisory role between the Organization’s peace and and national reconciliation processes. Governments security efforts and efforts related to development, and civil society, including in partnership with the human rights and humanitarian assistance. In line with private sector, must harness the energy, ideas and that view, we believe that the Commission, in its active experiences of young people in order to create a new role of supporting the Security Council, can highlight post-conflict society. the contribution of young people during the design Similarly, Argentina reaffirms what is set out and evaluation stages of the mandates of peacekeeping in the Ibero-American Youth Pact with regard to operations, especially in their peacebuilding phases. boosting the role of young people as promoters of a In that context, Argentina supports UNICEF’s call for culture of peace by establishing training programmes urgent progress in efforts to protect children and young on violence prevention and conflict resolution. In that people affected by conflict through the development of regard, Argentina promotes developing the ability and national legislation, policies and actions to protect the skills of young people, as well as creating jobs for youngest members of society. them so that they can actively contribute to sustaining Education is fundamental to peace, security, peace. Special youth employment and training plans development and the full enjoyment of human rights. and the development of human resources should Continuous access to safe education helps to protect form the basis of innovative rehabilitation and social young people from the dangers of armed conflict. reintegration programmes for young people in post- Education is not only a human right but also an essential conflict situations, in particular children, young former

48/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 combatants, those with disabilities and those who have occupation, in particular Palestinian land in our region, missed out on education opportunities. and effectively address conflict situations. Moreover, enhanced civic education and dialogue within and Finally, we would like to emphasize that the ideals among communities and nations have an important role and energy of young people — who are key agents of social change, economic development and technological to play in raising our younger generation’s awareness innovation in their communities — constitute an of the threat to peace and security and helping to foster essential potential to help to prevent conflict and to an atmosphere of tolerance and civility. However, such participate in shaping lasting peace. We therefore actions should not to be taken from the top. At both the believe that is appropriate to continue to deal with this national and the international levels, youth need to be issue in the framework of the Council and to continue involved and encouraged to meaningfully participate in to deepen knowledge about the relationship between every relevant activity. the role of young people and maintaining, building and Safeguarding youth against the threat of sustaining peace. radicalization through the abuse of modern technologies The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the is also imperative. Online media platforms should floor to the representative of the Islamic Republic be induced to act responsibly. They should not be a of Iran. conduit for spreading extremist views among their mostly young audience and as a means of recruitment. Mr. Dehghani (Islamic Republic of Iran): Allow The relevant companies should be responsible and me begin by thanking you, Mr. President, for convening increase their control of the content exchanged through this meeting on this very critical issue. their platforms. Should they shirk their responsibility, We live in a world bestowed with the largest Governments have to intervene and act promptly to youth population in human history. While that is an stop extremist online activities. asset for building a more prosperous future, it also The strategy to which I referred would help to presents us with the major challenge of facilitating their empower the next generation to lead the efforts against empowerment and of encouraging them to effectively violent and extremist views and prevent it from falling participate in decision-making processes in all areas. At prey to those who seek only to aggravate such challenges the same time, it would enable them to help to build and sustain peace, including by resisting and denouncing and cause further devastation and chaos. extreme ideologies. In the context of Iran’s unquestionable commitment In the past few years, extreme ideologies and to combating violent extremism, I am proud to recall terrorist groups have been the greatest threats to peace that Iranian youth have been the most immune to the and security, with youth being their prime victims and propaganda and recruitment activities of terrorist and targets for recruitment. Poverty, ignorance, injustice, extremist groups. apartheid policies, occupation, situations of armed Allow me to conclude by recalling the importance conflict, marginalization and exclusion are the main of the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly at factors that increase the vulnerability of youth and make its seventieth and seventy-second sessions on a world them an easy target for radicalization and recruitment. against violence and violent extremism, based on the A recent pervasive xenophobic attitude, which in initiative of the Iranian President. Those resolutions some countries borders on racism, is another major address, inter alia, the imperative of empowering young challenge that increases youth alienation throughout our people to combat violent extremism. world, which is interconnected by various means, such The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the as migration and new communication technologies. floor to the representative of Bulgaria. Such tendencies provide breeding grounds for resentment, dispute and conflict. Mr. Sterk (Bulgaria): Allow me to start by thanking Peru for organizing today’s open debate. To prevent youth marginalization and radicalization, we have no choice other than to try to encourage tolerance, I would first like to underscore that Bulgaria fully invest in education and awareness-raising, alleviate aligns itself with the statement made earlier on behalf poverty, end discrimination, liberate lands under of the European Union (EU).

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The Government of Bulgaria has identified of young volunteers engaged in social initiatives, youth engagement in peace and security as one of the including those related to refugee integration, social key priorities of the political agenda of the current entrepreneurship for persons with disabilities, human Bulgarian presidency of the Council of the European rights campaigns, sustainable development projects, Union under the broader topic of the future of Europe etc. and young people. Last week, Bulgaria hosted a major Bulgaria believes that children and young people European youth conference, which provided a platform can be key agents of positive social change and actively for a valuable exchange of ideas between Governments promotes their human rights and their empowerment and young people with the aim of developing the through education, which is crucial to building peaceful new EU Youth Strategy through a participatory and and inclusive societies. Young people have an important inclusive process. role to play in creating the foundation for peace in Bulgaria has a long tradition of actively involving their communities and beyond. In that regard, I would young people in the development and implementation like to highlight the importance of the continuation of of policies and programmes that impact their lives, education during armed conflict. Investing in young and of ensuring the meaningful participation of young people by strengthening their educational opportunities people in all spheres of political and public life through and economic inclusion is instrumental in achieving the broad and inclusive consultations. Youth empowerment youth, peace and security agenda. Bulgaria supports and youth participation in decision-making are key these efforts both politically and through targeted priorities of the Government of Bulgaria, and my funding. The largest part of Bulgaria’s humanitarian and country continues to strongly advocate for the more development assistance is aimed at providing support substantial involvement of young women and men in to children and young people in conflict-affected areas global affairs as well, including through the United and ensuring the right to education in emergencies. In Nations Youth Delegate Programme, which Bulgaria 2017, Bulgaria contributed €100,000 to the Education has been successfully implementing over more than 10 Cannot Wait global fund. years, thereby ensuring that young people have a say Bulgaria remains fully committed to the youth and in global processes and that their voices are heard and peace and security agenda and supports an enhanced taken into consideration. United Nations engagement with young people as equal For the first time in the history of humankind, young and essential partners for peace. That will further people represent a quarter of the world’s population. strengthen young people’s role and contribution to They are therefore a tremendous peace and security peace and security, thereby guaranteeing the durability dividend and a major human resource for development of peace through generations. that should be mobilized to consolidate peace and The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the prosperity across the globe. I should like to reiterate floor to the representative of Romania in his capacity as Bulgaria’s full commitment to resolution 2250 (2015), Chair of the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission. which established the role of young people as partners for peace. Bulgaria welcomes the independent progress Mr. Neculăescu: I would like to thank you, Sir, for study on youth and peace and security (see S/2018/86) the opportunity to address the Security Council today in and the recommendations contained therein, especially my capacity as Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission the proposals for ensuring youth participation in (PBC). The PBC congratulates Peru on taking the decision-making and accountability processes at initiative to organize this debate on an important and the United Nations and for annual reporting by the timely issue. Secretary-General to the Security Council within the The PBC recognizes the indispensable role young framework of annual open debates. people could play in any effort to build and sustain Bulgaria highly values the crucial role of civil peace and welcomes the presentation of the independent society, especially youth and youth-led organizations progress study on youth and peace and security (see and young volunteers, in amplifying the contributions S/2018/86), which offers insight into and an opportunity of young people to peace and security, economic for Member States to analyse and review means of development and social cohesion, as highlighted also in engaging with young people in the areas of peace and the Study. In Bulgaria, we have many positive examples security, thereby enriching our discussions.

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According to the study, the consistent exclusion The PBC encourages the Security Council to young people experience and the mistrust they express take into account the role young people could play for national and international authorities should be a in peacebuilding. The PBC intends to continue and wake-up call for all of us. The PBC notes that young expand its direct engagement with young people both in people’s favourable participation in peacebuilding is at the countries and regions it supports and in its meetings the same time a right and a demographic necessity in here in New York. making our societies more inclusive and peaceful. If The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the we are to achieve inclusive, sustainable development floor to the representative of Germany. and build and sustain peace, we simply cannot afford to lose the largest generation of young people the world Mr. Schulz (Germany): Germany aligns itself with has ever known. The PBC recognizes the importance the statement delivered by the European Union, and of mainstreaming young women and men into we thank Peru for this timely open debate a day prior peacebuilding and of seeing young people as partners to the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on to engage. peacebuilding and sustaining peace. We also thank the briefers for their valuable input. I would like to make The PBC has heard directly from young people three brief points. about their peacebuilding work in contexts as diverse as Burundi, Liberia, Kyrgyzstan and Solomon Islands, First, on the participation of young people in peace and has experienced first hand the resourcefulness and security, peace agreements fail when they are not and resilience of young people in the face of conflict inclusive, in particular when leaders, mostly male, and violence. We recognize that the majority of young conclude power-sharing agreements without taking into account the interests of the entire population. That people strive for peace and should be given meaningful must change. In some cases, it is already changing. One opportunities to participate in peacebuilding efforts. example of where Germany is working to effect such The study says that trust in, not fear of, youth change is in South Sudan. In the framework of the peace must guide our work. That means giving youth the negotiations led by the Intergovernmental Authority on right opportunities and ensuring that quality education Development (IGAD), we emphasize a complementary, is available at the primary, secondary and tertiary bottom-up approach that includes youth. Specifically, levels, including in refugee and displaced settings. It the Berghof Foundation, a mediation partner for also means providing young people with appropriate Germany, has repeatedly involved representatives employment opportunities. and organizations of youth and women in Kampala to channel their concerns and visions for a peaceful South The PBC expresses its support for peacebuilding Sudan into the IGAD-led High-Level Revitalization initiatives with positive reflections undertaken by Forum peace talks in Addis Ababa. young women and men in conflict-affected countries. Such activities are often launched with limited As another example, as just mentioned by the funding assistance and recognition by national and representative of Romania, we were also very pleased to international actors alike. The PBC recognizes that a hear directly from young people from Burundi, Liberia, lack of adequate funding of youth-led organizations, Kyrgyzstan or Solomon Islands in the Peacebuilding in part because of the challenges youth organizations Commission. As a final example, Germany also face in accessing existing funding streams, limits the supports the African Women Leaders Initiative, led contribution young people make to peaceful societies. by the African Union, which has a specific mentoring Significantly, initiatives such as the Peacebuilding Fund component for young women. (PBF) Gender and Youth Promotion Initiative allocated Secondly, with respect to preventing violent nearly $50 million dollars to youth and peacebuilding extremism, we must gain a better understanding of programmes in the past two years, including direct why young people drift towards extremist groups and funding to non-governmental organizations. Some what the triggers are. One excellent study on this topic, 40 per cent of the budget was allocated to local civil entitled Journey to Extremism in Africa, was published society organizations. We also welcome PBF efforts by the United Nations Development Programme late that promote initiatives supporting the involvement of last year. While the report identifies several triggers young people as contributors to political processes. for youth involvement in extremism, I would like to

18-11894 51/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 highlight one observation in particular. Some 71 per Mr. Sandoval Mendiolea (Mexico) (spoke in cent of the study’s respondents indicated that they had Spanish): We wish to express our gratitude to Peru been driven to join extremism by Government action, for convening today’s open debate, to the Secretary- including the killing of a family member or friend or the General’s Envoy on Youth for her briefing, and to arrest of a family member or friend. Therefore, while Mr. Graeme Simpson for his presentation of the structural factors play a role in radicalization, it is also progress study on youth, peace and security (see clear that the actions of Governments and their security S/2018/86), which reaffirms the important and positive forces are another major, sometimes preventable cause. role of young women and men in the maintenance and For Germany, that means that when we counter violent promotion of international peace and security. We have extremism and engage in counter-terrorism activities carefully considered the recommendations contained as Member States, we must ensure that all our actions in the study on how to derive greater benefit from the comply with our international human rights obligations. contributions of young people in conflict prevention Only this can ensure their effectiveness in the long term. and resolution, as reflected in resolution 2250 (2015). We look forward to the final version of the document Thirdly and finally, with respect to seeing the next September. positive potential of youth, we have to do more to highlight the overwhelmingly positive influence of We are at a turning point for humankind, for young people on our societies, and we can promote never before in history have there been so many this positive influence by focusing on youth training young people as now. With 1.8 billion young men and and employment. Employment is a fundamental driver women worldwide, equivalent to 24 per cent of the world’s population, it is clear that sustainable peace of economic development, and it is the best method and development, as well as global governance, must of poverty reduction. Decent work is the basis for include comprehensive consideration of the needs and socioeconomic participation and enables young people aspirations of young people, as well as their active to have independent lives. participation in society. But more private-sector dynamism is needed In an increasingly global world, stereotypes that to create new jobs. Germany has launched a number link youth and violence are propagated and generalized. of initiatives in cooperation with the private sector The stigmatization of young people is characterized by worldwide. In this regard, we work on employment- clichés of young men tearing apart the social fabric effective business and cooperation models, demand- and blocking peace, or of young women as victims oriented training and further education, as well as or invisible actors with no capacity for action. Young upscaling and learning initiatives. In the same vein, people are often perceived as threats and as part of the during Germany’s 2017 presidency of the Group of 20 problem. In contrast, the image that we should promote (G-20), members developed the G-20 Initiative for Rural is that of young people committed to finding solutions Youth Employment. Allow me to take this opportunity and as agents of change, partners for peace and promoters to call upon members of the business community to do of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and their part to harness the positive potential of youth. of the implementation of the Sustainable Development In conclusion, it is clear that young people’s role Goals in every community and every city. in sustaining peace is paramount. We must do more to The interconnected world provides opportunities include them at the United Nations, and we must do that the United Nations and Governments must more to put issues that are relevant to young people on seize. Young people are fulfilling their aspirations the agenda of the United Nations. Allow me to assure through access to information sources. The political, the Security Council that if elected as a non-permanent economic and social exclusion of young people, as member of the Council for the 2019-2020 term, well as from justice and education, is the challenge Germany would do its utmost to implement the youth, we must overcome. Removing obstacles is essential to peace and security agenda and continue to work with unlocking the potential of youth in promoting peaceful young peacebuilders to secure sustainable peace. and inclusive societies. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the The United Nations Development Programme floor to the representative of Mexico. indicates that poverty, lack of development opportunities

52/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 and marginalization, not religious ideology, are among perspective into the dissemination of National Security the main causes of young people joining extremist Commission strategies; the scholarship programme groups. Integrating young people as the main promoters for victims of crime and human rights violations; the of the Sustainable Development Goals is a clear action National Plan for the Prevention of Abuse and Violence with enriching and forward-looking results for all against Children and Adolescents; and the Programme communities. At present, the lack of data makes it to Fight Discrimination and Hate Speech on the Internet difficult to accurately estimate the contributions of among young people. youth to conflict prevention and resolution, as well as Resolution 2250 (2015), on youth, peace and security, to post-conflict situations. That is why we call for the has contributed to the normative strengthening of this closing of information gaps so as to incorporate this agenda, changing the way young people see themselves data into the political decision-making process. in conflict. The challenge is to follow up on the actions We must therefore promote and strengthen taken by the Member States and the United Nations sustainable peace in our communities through system to achieve their effective implementation. We investment in education, job training and the creation of are confident that millions of young people around the sources of decent work for young people, guaranteeing world are waiting to be invited to become agents for the full exercise of their rights and avoiding situations the promotion of the Sustainable Development Goals. such as the intergenerational reproduction of poverty, The young people of the twenty-first century are scenarios of increased insecurity and the lack of global citizens who want to do their utmost to build social cohesion. The participation and comprehensive societies that are increasingly just, inclusive, equal consideration of the needs and perspectives of young and prosperous. women deserves special mention, bearing in mind that The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the communities based on gender equity generally have a floor to the representative of Spain. healthier, more equitable and inclusive social fabric, in which the same human rights are promoted and Mr. Moragas Sánchez (Spain) (spoke in Spanish): respected for all, and this makes them more resilient Spain aligns itself with the statement made by the to all kinds of conflict and violent expression. We observer of the European Union a few minutes ago. must continue to promote actions at the national and At the outset, I would like to thank the Peruvian international levels to empower women at all stages of presidency of the Security Council for convening their lives. today’s debate. I thank the Secretary-General’s Envoy Mexico is addressing the needs of young people on Youth, Ms. Wickramanayake, and the lead author through its National Youth Programme, which has of the independent progress study on youth and provided institutional responses to guarantee the social peace and security (see S/2018/86), Mr. Simpson, for rights of 37.9 million young Mexicans. In Mexico, their briefings. the National Inclusion Strategy seeks to contribute to Spain is a member of Champions of Youth and is access to social rights and the reduction of deprivation firmly committed to resolution 2250 (2015), which it through efficient coordination of public policies and sponsored. We firmly believe that young people have programmes. We have also aligned the objectives of enormous potential to promote international peace and the National Youth Programme with the national goals security and prevent violent radicalization processes, set out in the National Development Plan through the to which they are particularly vulnerable. It is for promotion and coordination of actions to strengthen the that reason that my country commends the study and social participation of young people, as well as their its recommendations. Spain is developing concrete access to education, work, housing and health. measures to ensure that young people have forums and The Federal Public Administration of Mexico, in tools that allow them to play a positive role in prevention conjunction with the Mexican Institute of Youth, carries and mediation efforts, the maintenance and promotion out Government interventions for specific aspects of of peace and security and the fight against violent peace. Some examples are the National Programme extremism. The current political, economic and social for Adolescent Health Care; the National Programme challenges we all face further reinforce the importance for Public Security, which seeks to coordinate of ensuring that young people play an active role in the interinstitutional linkages and incorporate a youth promotion of peace, stability and prosperity in their

18-11894 53/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 societies. That is vital in order to build communities Programme this year. The Programme seeks to provide with greater capacity and resilience to respond to a positive environment for young people in which they the dynamic nature of radicalization, extremism and can develop their talent through the recognition and rhetoric that incite hatred and intolerance. support of their endeavours in various areas. Our young people are extremely vulnerable to Spain knows that none of this will be achieved those threats and we must develop innovative policies without a gender approach. It is essential that we do and programmes that foster the political participation not break the link with the women and peace and and activism of the 1.8 billion young people throughout security agenda. There has been a shift from women the world. To that end, we must speak their vernacular. being considered as mere victims to being viewed as It is not enough to provide forums for young people. vital actors in conflict prevention and resolution and They have their own voice and it is essential that they subsequent reconstruction efforts. Young women have be heard and that their perspective be included in the an enormous potential to contribute to peacebuilding. political and social debate. Democracy and human rights must be strengthened as we combat radicalization and At the European level, Spain leads the agenda of the intolerance. Only in that way can we restore the trust of Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe young people in institutions and ensure that they work (OSCE) on youth and peace and security and chairs the to improve and strengthen them, thereby granting full Group of Friends of Youth and Security. In May 2017, an legitimacy to State policies. OSCE conference was held in Málaga, under the theme “Working with Youth for Youth: strengthening security Nationally, Spain is strongly committed to and cooperation online”. Ministers, other eminent improving mechanisms for young people participating persons and, above all, more than 200 young people from in public affairs, in particular in public policy review 61 countries attended the conference. They adopted processes. In that regard and as part of the European the Málaga Youth Declaration, which reflects the Structured Dialogue for young people, for the first time recommendations of resolution 2250 (2015) and makes the decision was taken to include, along with policy- a key contribution to the fight against radicalization, makers, the heads of other ministries whose functions the prevention of extremism, the promotion of tolerance cover key issues that affect young people, such as the and the fight against misinformation online. Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Finance and Public Administration and Spain wishes to do more. That is why it has joined the Ministry of Housing. We must underscore the the United Nations Youth Delegate Programme. We are participation of young people in review processes that committed to strengthening the role of young people in examine progress towards achieving the Sustainable the implementation and review of Spain’s multilateral Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable policy, as well as to helping inform young people about Development, which is being implemented in Spain. issues addressed at the United Nations so that their views Various actors participate in that process, including are always taken into account. The implementation of young people, through the various participatory policies geared towards the greater participation of mechanisms. At the same time, action is being taken young people in various areas in Spain is due not only to enhance the skills of those working on the issue to its compliance with certain international obligations, of youth, through dual training, so that they can but also to the firm belief that the participation of our detect and intervene early to prevent the violent young people will ensure sustainable public policies. radicalization of young people, through informal and Young people will not only benefit; they will be key formal education mechanisms. We have also been actors now and in the future. working in collaboration with youth organizations to The President (spoke in Spanish): I give the floor improve employment conditions for young people so to the representative of Colombia. that they can obtain decent jobs, for example, through the official recognition of skills and abilities acquired Mr. Gonzalez (Colombia) (spoke in Spanish): in informal education mechanisms or through various I would like to thank you, Sir, for convening today’s talent-development initiatives for young people, whose open debate. I would also like to thank the Secretary- contribution to society will be key to its development. General’s Envoy on Youth; Mr. Simpson, the lead In the same vein, Spain launched its Young Talent author of the independent progress study on youth and

54/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 peace and security (see S/2018/86), and civil society need to present military identification as a condition representatives for their briefings. of first employment — an obstacle to young people gaining access to their first job in Colombia. Employers We welcome today’s open debate, held during a can now offer jobs without that requirement. Obviously, week that coincides with the holding of the high-level peacebuilding in Colombia is what makes it possible meeting of the General Assembly on peacebuilding for these and other measures to be considered by the and sustaining peace and the report to be presented by Administration. All those efforts have led Colombia the Secretary-General to the Security Council on the to achieve significant economic and social progress, subject on Wednesday. The progress study on youth and with policies targeting vulnerable groups, such as peace and security prepared by Mr. Simpson, pursuant young people — especially by focusing on combating to resolution 2250 (2015), provides an opportunity for informality in the labour force. us to review its findings and recommendations and to share our views on the ways that Member States can Finally, with regard to the strengthening of implement the youth and peace and security agenda. We social capital in Colombia, we have understood that welcome the fact that a Colombian expert contributed peacebuilding requires an expansion of democracy that to the drafting of the study. allows for new voices to enrich the political debate on Colombia’s problems, to strengthen pluralism and the Let me give a brief overview of some of our representation of the different visions and interests country’s experiences in implementing resolution 2250 of society, and to provide guarantees for political (2015), which mirrors some of the recommendations of participation and inclusion. the study in terms of more education, an increase in the number of jobs and a boost in social capital. Colombia If we are to avoid new conflicts or recurrence, we applied these measures with equal vigour even before must tackle not only the challenge of the disarmament, the implementation of the peace process and in the very demobilization and reintegration processes, but also of same context. bolstering our democratic culture and institutions in order to regain the confidence of the population in State According to the study, education was universally institutions. That is precisely where the role of youth recognized as a key theme of interest in peace and is so important. We must risk thinking differently and security for young people, demonstrating the crucial move towards the transformations we have sought as a importance of education for young people of both society. The peace process is designed for young people, genders around the world. In Colombia, we guarantee so that they can free themselves from the burden of free education from kindergarten to grade 11, and we more than 50 years of war and propose new ways of have incentivized access to higher education. In seven living together. We need to work on the issue of trust years, we increased access to higher education by in the regions. That is what young people have to work 14 per cent. Similarly, we have implemented a national on — how to bridge the gap between Colombians. The programme that provides the best high school students best way to make a change is to open up scenarios for with access to the best private universities in the dialogue, change the way we interact with each other country through a Government grant. That programme and promote environments free of discrimination. has benefited more than 40,000 students. As the study indicates, we want to provide a values-based education With the recent approval by our Congress of the for peace, and teach critical thinking skills and youth citizenship statute, we are committed to promoting non-violent methods of conflict resolution, with special the organization of this population group so that it can establish youth groups, community organizations and attention to the celebration of diversity. others that will allow them participate effectively in With regard to employment, I would note Colombia’s our society. For example, their views on the priority awareness-raising campaigns to promote decent work investments of their community resources will be policies, with the aim of promoting the creation of new taken into account. Young people will have privileged jobs and the training and protection of workers so that, representation. In other words, we are empowering through these campaigns, local authorities can learn young people right now to help them build a better how to take the opinions of young people into account future for themselves. And we are sure that with that when formulating policies that will have a long-term law we will strengthen the capacity of young people to impact. As an example of this, we have eliminated the do just that.

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The recurrent use of force as a means of resolving diverse backgrounds. In that connection, I would like conflicts, at the expense of diplomacy and the peaceful to introduce the case of Ms. Anab Mohamud Osman, a settlement of disputes, has only contributed to furthering young female officer from the Government of Somalia violence and bolstering extremism. Our actions must who participated in the training course in 2017. provide our young people with options and give them Carrying the spirit of her colleagues who lost their the tools to promote peace and isolate practices that lives in tragic terrorist attacks in Mogadishu, she was generate conflict. We reiterate our commitment to a proactive throughout the course and is now employed multidimensional response to the challenges posed by by the Government as a stabilization and peacebuilding extremism and remain convinced that cooperation and assistant in order to engage in creating peace in her dialogue within the United Nations framework will country. Japan is pleased that the programme has trained enhance our capacity to combat this scourge. hundreds of highly motivated young participants, both We will only succeed if we join efforts on the basis of from Japan and from conflict-affected regions and common values and strengthen multilateral cooperation. countries, who are now empowered as professional peacebuilders with a strong sense of responsibility and The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the initiative for peace and security. Japan continues to floor to the representative of Japan. support their future success. Mr. Hoshino (Japan): Let me first extend my The protection of young people is, of course, deepest appreciation to the briefers and all those important as they face armed conflicts, terrorism and who participated in compiling the progress study. I gender-based violence. I would like to call attention to the thank Mr. Simpson for his hard work. As the study mental health care for young people, in addition to their emphasizes, it is important to recognize youth as key physical health, as it tends to be less prioritized. Japan stakeholders in peace and security, while ensuring their believes that psychosocial support for young people is protection from all forms of violence. imperative for peacebuilding and reconstruction. The study calls for the international community as a In that context, the Government of Japan is pleased whole to overcome stereotypes that tend to view young to note that a project in support of youth in the Central men as violent perpetrators and potential threats to African Republic is being implemented with the peace and young women as passive victims of violence. I financial support of the United Nations Trust Fund for could not agree more. Japan has advocated for the active Human Security, to which Japan is a principal donor. participation and contributions of young people to peace This project is led by the United Nations Development and security based on the human security approach, Programme, with a number of other United Nations which has two main strategies — empowerment and organs — the Food and Agriculture Organization the protection of those in need, including young people. of the United Nations, UNICEF, the United Nations We need to make many more conscious efforts to Population Fund, the International Organization for empower young people. As the study points out, the Migration, UN-Women, UNESCO and the United voices of our young people are not fully or frequently Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization reflected in important decision-making processes. Cases Mission in the Central African Republic — joining are found in which young women and sexual minorities forces to implement the project to support the local are even disempowered by being deprived of access to effort of the people of the Central African Republic. power and resources, not to mention opportunities for The project is designed to integrate youth, improve the political participation. In that regard, Japan is working delivery of and access to basic social services, enhance to empower young people by providing training and sustainable livelihoods and promote social cohesion. educational opportunities and creating an enabling In addition to that, it should be noted that the project environment for them to demonstrate their leadership includes providing medical and psychological care and and innovative ideas. protection to women and girls who have survived sexual In the field of peacebuilding, Japan has been violence. We hope that the project will enhance the training civilian experts from Asia, the Middle East security of the people of the Central African Republic, and Africa through the Global Peacebuilders Program, including young people, through the nexus of peace, which particularly welcomes youth participants with development and human rights in practice.

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The study reflects the voices raised by thousands agenda and resolution 1325 (2000), as well as the of young people. We should respond to those voices by Sustainable Development Goals and the human rights taking into account the recommendations in the study agenda. As Chair of the Commission on the Status of with regard to the planning and implementation of peace- Women at its sixty-second session, Ireland was pleased and security-related policies. Young people are key to see the agreed conclusions outline the role of youth- stakeholders in sustaining the peace and development led organizations in strengthening the collective voice of a country. The starting point of their journey must of women and girls. That is important as we work to include their protection and empowerment. challenge the perception of young women as passive victims of conflict. In that regard, ending violence and achieving negative peace is not enough. The elimination of social The youth, peace and security agenda is also inequality and injustice must be incorporated in order an important component of the United Nations to realize positive peace. Based on the concept of peacebuilding architecture. The progress study makes human security, Japan continues to be committed to important recommendations about the role of youth in the realization of a world where youth are much better conflict prevention and in sustaining peace. While it is protected and are fully empowered. true that young men can be vulnerable to radicalization, young people can also play a positive role in preventing The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the conflict and countering terrorism. Ireland urges States floor to the representative of Ireland. to really consider the recommendations made in the Mr. O’Toole (Ireland): I thank you, Mr. President, progress study in order to move beyond mere lip service for convening today’s important debate. At the outset, about youth. We do not need to give young people a I would like to thank Mr. Graeme Simpson and the voice — they already have one. It is up to States to Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, Ms. Jayathma empower their inclusion in peacebuilding processes. Wickramanayake, as well as the representatives of the Recently, Ireland marked the twentieth anniversary FRIDA Young Feminist Fund and the Organisation of the Good Friday Agreement, the touchstone of the URU for their valuable briefings. peace process in Northern Ireland. We know all too Ireland also aligns itself with the statement well how the trauma of conflict can pass down through delivered earlier on behalf of the European Union. generations. The youth, peace and security agenda is therefore a core issue for Ireland. In 2015, Ireland In 2015, Jordan took the far-sighted step of putting established a United Nations youth delegate programme, the issue of youth on the agenda of the Security Council. whereby two youth delegates are appointed annually The adoption of resolution 2250 (2015) was a landmark to participate in the General Assembly session. Our moment for the inclusion of youth and the recognition youth delegates have carried out a survey of young of their capacity to be change-makers and to contribute people in Ireland, which found that while young people positively to sustaining peace. recognized the value of fostering peace worldwide, they Ireland was proud to provide funding to the continued to feel marginalized from discussions around progress study on resolution 2250 (2015), presented to such processes. Our youth delegates noted that there the Council today by Mr. Simpson (see S/2018/86). We were many conversations about young people, rather are particularly impressed by the thorough consultative than with young people. That echoes the comments process undertaken in conducting the study. In line with made in the progress study that young people should the recommendations made in the progress study, Ireland not be on the table, but around the table. Ireland’s youth calls for the Secretary-General to report annually to the delegates encourage Member States to adopt similar Security Council on the implementation of resolution youth delegate programmes and to include young 2250 (2015). Ireland also thinks that it would be useful people in their delegations to the General Assembly. for a Council focal point on youth, peace and security When we discuss the women, peace and security to be appointed in order to mainstream the issue across agenda here at the United Nations, we often say the Council’s agenda. that sustainable peace is not possible when half Ireland urges States not to treat the youth, peace the population of a society — that is, women — are and security agenda as a new silo. This agenda has excluded. That is also true of youth. Sustainable peace obvious synergies with the women, peace and security simply cannot exist without the meaningful inclusion of

18-11894 57/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 young people. They are not the future or the leaders of immersive visits in each other’s regions. The theme of tomorrow. Young people are the present and the leaders this year’s programme is the role of young people in of today. peacebuilding and in preventing violent extremism. We have received applications from hundreds of motivated The President: I now give the floor to young people and, as in previous years, their experience Mr. Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser, United Nations High and expertise are remarkable. Representative for the Alliance of Civilizations. Recognizing the role of new technology and digital Mr. Al-Nasser: The United Nations Alliance of platforms for the dissemination of information, and as Civilizations is honoured to be a member of the Steering part of our media and information literacy initiatives, Committee for the progress study on youth, peace and the Alliance of Civilizations has developed PEACEapp, security (see S/2018/86) mandated by resolution 2250 a series of workshops aimed at the strategic use of (2015). I commend the work of Mr. Graeme Simpson applications and videogaming platforms to build and the Advisory Group of Experts, including the peaceful understanding among individuals from Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth. In different cultural and religious backgrounds. preparation for that study, they turned words into deeds through inclusive and informed consultations with The Alliance remains committed to working with more than four thousand young people from a diverse Member States, members of the Steering Committee set of countries and regions. and all other partners and stakeholders to provide young people with platforms and opportunities to achieve Empowering youth lies at the heart of international sustainable peace and security. peace and security. The United Nations Alliance of Civilizations has long recognized the important The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the and positive contribution of youth and youth-led floor to the representative of Chile. organizations to conflict prevention and peacebuilding Mrs. Bernal Prado (Chile) (spoke in Spanish): I efforts. Allow me to use this opportunity to speak thank Peru for convening this open debate, which gives very briefly about three of our initiatives that feed into us an opportunity to analyse the significant contribution this vein. young people make to efforts to maintain and promote First, our Young Peacebuilders programme is peace and security, as well as the role they can play in a peace education programme that supports youth conflict prevention and resolution. leaders and their organizations in gaining skills that We appreciate the contributions made to this enhance their positive role in peace and security issues. debate. In particular, we thank Mr. Graeme Simpson It also brings visibility to projects initiated by young and his team for the independent progress study on people for peace and the promotion of human rights youth, peace and security (see S/2018/86). Our country and cultural diversity. Last year, it took place in West sponsored and participated in the drafting of resolution Africa. This year, we implemented the programme in 2250 (2015), which was proposed by Jordan, during our the Middle East and North Africa region. membership in the Council in 2015. Secondly, our Youth Solidarity Fund (YSF) is Chile values the recommendations made in the a programme that provides youth-led organizations study. It highlights the initiatives young people around with seed funding and capacity-building to implement the world have undertaken towards peace and urges innovative and effective projects in the context of Governments and international actors to recognize intercultural and interfaith dialogue. We have funded young people as the missing peace. That is in line with projects in Asia, Africa and the Middle East in areas Sustainable Development Goal 16 of the 2030 Agenda affected by inter-ethnic tensions, conflict and violent for Sustainable Development, which promotes peaceful extremism. More than 700 applications from 79 and inclusive societies for sustainable development, countries were received in the 2018 application period as well as Sustainable Development Goal 4, which, for the YSF. among its goals, recommends an inclusive and quality Thirdly, through our fellowship programme, we education for a culture of peace and non-violence provide a platform for young civil society leaders from with respect to human rights, gender equality and an the Middle East, Europe and North Africa to experience appreciation of cultural diversity.

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We highlight the synergies between resolution 1325 comprehensive protection. That measure, which (2005) — and subsequent resolutions on the women gives continuity to work undertaken by the previous and peace and security agenda — and resolution 2250 Government, will allow the State to have access to a (2015), given the important role that young women dedicated institutional framework for coordinating play as agents of change and forgers of peace. In that public services directed at children. Experience shows regard, we urge the system to consider such synergies that youth participation and inclusive development are in the definition of its actions, as well as the link with paramount if we want to help to build a more peaceful, the Vancouver Principles, which cover the situation of safe and just world for all. children in armed conflict. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the A few days ago, the Secretary-General pointed out floor to the representative of South Africa. that it is necessary to consider youth not as a threat, but Mr. Zaayman (South Africa): South Africa as an enormous potential for our world, especially in welcomes the convening of this meeting, and expresses our search for peace, development, justice and respect its appreciation to Peru for furthering the debate on the for human rights. Consistent with that policy, our important matter of youth, peace and security. country supports the initiatives and recommendations related to sustaining peace, such as including advisers My delegation aligns itself with the statement to be on the protection of children and youth in peacekeeping delivered by the representative of Azerbaijan on behalf missions and operations. We also recall the important of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries. role of the Arms Trade Treaty and subregional initiatives The role of youth in relation to peace and security to combat the illicit trade in small arms and light is of particular importance to the African continent, weapons, as well as the implementation of resolution where some estimates indicate that 60 per cent of the 2143 (2014), co-sponsored by Chile. population on the continent are under the age of 25. The role of education in the future of our children South Africa recalls the initiative of Jordan, which, and youth is indisputable. We must therefore contribute during its tenure in the Security Council in 2015, ushered to promoting and protecting that right, even in conflict in the landmark resolution 2250 (2015) — the first and post-conflict situations. Chile has joined the Safe resolution on youth, peace and security. It underscored Schools Declaration and urges an evaluation of the the importance of youth as active positive agents in the Lucens Guidelines in that regard. Critical infrastructure, maintenance of international peace and security, and such as hospitals and educational centres, must be not reactive elements fuelling conflict. protected in accordance with international law in times of peace and conflict. The well-being of young people South Africa welcomes the independent progress and their positive inclusion in society will depend on it. study on youth, peace and security (see S/2018/86), and the sterling work of its lead author, Mr. Graeme Simpson, At the regional level, in 2016, Chile adhered to the as well as the team constituting the Advisory Group of Ibero-American Youth Pact, which creates a political, Experts. Of particular interest to our delegation was the economic and social alliance that promotes the integral emphasis placed on the positive role that youth can play development of young people in order to reverse the in peacebuilding and sustaining peace as envisaged different forms of exclusion that may affect them. in resolution 2250 (2015) and subsequent resolutions, At the national level, our country has established including resolution 2282 (2016). Those resolutions the National Institute for Youth, a public body that reaffirm the importance of youth in the deterrence and proposes and promotes programmes for young people. resolution of conflicts and their role in sustainability, In that regard, I would highlight grants for initiatives inclusiveness and the success of peacekeeping and in the areas of human rights, equality, inclusion, peacebuilding efforts. integration and non-discrimination. We have also set The progress study on youth, peace and security up a volunteer network at the national level and a youth reveals the variety of ways in which young people volunteer programme within the Pacific Alliance. contribute to sustaining a broader concept of peace that We would also like to highlight the recent entails not just the end of violence, but the strengthening establishment of an office on childhood in the Ministry of societies susceptible to the resurgence of violent for Social Development, dedicated to ensuring conflict, and their addressing their political grievances

18-11894 59/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 through legitimate and peaceful political channels. In in the face of sentiments that promote resorting to that regard, South Africa supports the recommendation violence as a way to achieve misguided interests. that, in order to fully harness and support the innovation In conclusion, we have the potential to make of young people’s contribution to peace, there is a meaningful change through investing in our young need to invest in young people’s capabilities, redress people and giving them a voice to determine their the structural barriers that limit youth participation in futures. We see today’s open debate as just such an peace and security, and emphasize partnerships and opportunity and look forward to an outcome that collaborative action, where young people are viewed as strengthens the resolve of the Security Council to equal and essential partners for peace. maintain international peace and security by lifting South Africa has acknowledged the role played by up and harnessing youth in the pursuit of international the youth as agents of change. as they were instrumental peace and security. in advancing the goals of the broader struggle for The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the liberation and democracy in our country. Young floor to the representative of Yemen. people who were often at the front lines of the battle for freedom are also now at the forefront of combating Mr. Alyemany (Yemen) (spoke in Arabic): At the poverty, inequality and unemployment in South Africa. outset, I would like to thank you, Mr. President, for The South African Government has therefore made convening today’s open debate on youth, peace and the empowerment of youth central to its development security, which is an important topic for us all. We are agenda and has set up programmes dedicated to their well aware of the important resolutions adopted by the education, job creation and development. President Security Council recently, focusing on investing young Ramaphosa has also identified our country’s most people’s potential in the maintenance of international pressing challenge as youth unemployment. In that peace and security. regard, South Africa is harnessing the potential of our Young people constitute the majority of the world’s young people and drawing them closer to the country’s population today, and youth constitutes the majority of economic activity by launching the Youth Employment the population in conflict affected-countries, including Service initiative. We have also established a youth Yemen. We are well aware of the need to promote working group that will ensure that all representatives the positive contribution of young men and women of young people will have a say in the policies and by including them in efforts aimed at maintaining programmes that are meant to promote their interests at international peace and security. The international the highest possible level. community must redouble its efforts to reach a better My delegation has noted with concern that youth understanding of the important role that young people programmes tend to give priority to the roles of young can play and to promote youth initiatives within the men over those of young women in society, a problem United Nations so as to ensure that their voices, ideas that is only emphasized by the fact that young women are and initiatives are heard and that the United Nations disproportionately targeted by sexual and gender-based becomes younger and belongs to the future. violence. We should therefore ensure that the outcomes For these reasons, the Security Council adopted of today’s meeting reinforce the work being done to resolution 2250 (2015), the first resolution of its kind on implement resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent youth, peace and security. The resolution stresses the resolutions on women and peace and security. responsible role that youth can play in maintaining and promoting international peace and security. We thank Ultimately, we need to create an environment that the Secretary-General for commissioning the progress can enable young people to contribute positively in study on the implementation of the resolution, and we society. We see young people as having the potential welcome the relevant report (see S/2018/86), including to be engines for growth and stability on our continent its recommendations. and in the rest of our world. An investment in them is an investment in future peace and prosperity and a I would like to contrast the youth of Yemen in 2011 guard against the interests of belligerent forces such and the youth of Yemen today. In 2011, young people as terrorist groups. We must harness young people’s were the essence of the revolution that started at Sana’a dynamism and positivity and build up their resilience University, calling for change. However, today, in the

60/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 midst of the war launched by the Houthi militias, young Today, we are entering the fourth year of the people are in a disastrous and tragic situation. Since Houthi insurgency against the legitimate Government 2014, the Yemeni Government has consistently sought to of Yemen, after the Houthis usurped the Yemeni seize all relevant options for achieving peace sponsored State in September 2014 by occupying the country’s by the United Nations. I will not go into the details, capital. The young people of Yemen today have had except to say that we have made every effort to achieve their dreams dashed after they took to the streets at the the dream of the young Yemenis who took to the streets time of the revolution. The Houthi militias continue to on the 11 February 2011 to call for a safe, prosperous commit the most heinous forms of violations against and stable Yemen that incorporates all segments of innocent youth and others by detaining and arresting society without discrimination or exclusion. activists, journalists, politicians and legislators. These unprecedented violations have crossed all religious, Since His Excellency President Hadi Mansour came social and cultural red lines that had never been crossed to power in 2012, the Yemeni Government has focused before, even during the country’s darkest times. its attention on young people because we believe in the role of youth in building peace and prosperity and in Over the past two and a half years, the Houthi decision-making at all levels. A case in point was the militias have kidnapped and arrested 16,800 people, National Dialogue Conference, held on 18 March 2013 80 per cent of whom are young people. They have under the theme “In dialogue we make the future”, not built educational institutions, cultural centres and and supported by the United Nations, the region and health clubs. They have not undertaken rehabilitation the international community. It lasted 10 months, until projects with a view to providing political, financial, 25 January 2014, during which time productive debates technical and intellectual support to young people. Instead, they have done something else. More than 484 took place in which all segments of society participated. Government buildings, health facilities, universities, One of the main achievements of the Conference was schools and sports clubs, as well as households, have the broad participation of young people in its activities. been transformed into detention centres. The Conference called for 30 per cent representation of Houthi militias have committed numerous women and 20 per cent representation of youth in all violations against young people, including extrajudicial Legislative, executive and judicial State bodies. The final killings, arbitrary detention, torture and media document of the Conference called for the scientific, oppression, while transforming schools and hospitals professional, political and economic empowerment of into military centres. They have also planted mines on youth, providing them with the conditions necessary to agricultural land, and recruited children and sent them build their potential and contribute to their society and to fight their wars. The young people of Yemen have their country. The final outcome document also called lost every hope for a better future. Today they fight in for amending Yemeni law to provide tax exemptions order to make a living. They are forced to fight as part for all projects aimed at economically empowering of the Houthi terrorist militias, Al-Qaida and Da’esh. youth and women and, specifically, to facilitate access to loans for women entrepreneurs and youth The young people and children of Yemen are fuel entrepreneurs. The final document of the Conference to the war launched by the Houthi militias against the also called for the establishment of a Supreme Council Yemeni people. They are the majority of the victims for Youth that would play an oversight and steering among the combatants. The militias have been so role in adopting the necessary policies to protect youth cruel that they have even forced students to attend from social dangers and violence, while launching new compulsory military training before sending them to projects to develop the capacity and potential of young fight. Children have become the focus of the Houthis people, ensuring their participation in decision-making now that young people have come to understand the processes. The document also called for the adoption gravity of the disaster and erroneous practices of the of measures to provide jobs for young men and women Houthi militias. with a view to eliminating youth unemployment. The Can members of the Council imagine the future youth of Yemen participated in these decision-making of Yemen’s young people under the control of armed processes and negotiations, which laid the foundation militias that act contrary to the will of the international for peace and stability in the new, united Yemen. community and international law? We call on the

18-11894 61/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 international community to assume its legal and moral communities only if they are supported in seeking to responsibility in the light of the violations committed achieve their ambitions and hopes and if such changes against the young people of Yemen. We call on the will enhance their protection and rights. international community to protect our young people The adoption of resolution 2250 (2015) contributed in line with international treaties, the outcome of the to an increased recognition of the important role of National Dialogue Conference, the Gulf Cooperation young people in preventing conflicts and sustaining Council initiative and relevant Security Council peace and fighting violent extremism and terrorism. resolutions, in particular resolution 2216 (2015). During The State of Qatar believes in the positive energy of all rounds of negotiations, the Yemeni Government young people and their ability to make positive changes has called for the release of all detainees, in particular in various areas, including international peace and young detainees, and immediate measures to improve security. Therefore, it has spared no effort to put in place the humanitarian situation in Yemen. policies and measures that can enhance the contribution We take this opportunity to call on the Security of young people to peace and development efforts. Council not to reward those who have destroyed the In 2017, the Qatari Advisory Committee on Youth dream of Yemen’s young people, rejected all peace was established in order to complement the efforts initiatives and sought to carry out a coup against the of the State to promote the role of young people in Yemeni Government. A democratic, federal Yemen — a society and to implement the Qatar National Vision Yemen that would exploit the full potential of its young 2030. Twenty young men and women from various people — is the dream of every Yemeni youth. Government and non-Government entities were elected The President (spoke in Spanish): I remind Council to the Committee, which seeks to enhance the culture members to limit their statements to a maximum of four of dialogue and participation among young people, minutes. If delegations have longer statements, they are enabling them to express their aspirations. kindly requested to deliver an abridged version in the The State of Qatar acknowledges the importance Chamber and make the full written statement available of addressing the root causes of the violent extremism to the Council. that leads to terrorism. In 2016, it organized a high- I now give the floor to the representative of Qatar. level thematic conversation of the General Assembly on children and youth affected by violent extremism. Ms. Al-Thani (Qatar) (spoke in Arabic): I would Several Member States participated. Important like to thank the Security Council, under the Peruvian conclusions and recommendations were adopted with presidency, for convening today’s important debate. regard to protecting children and young people from I would like also to thank Ms. Jayathma violent extremism. Some States took measures to support Wickramanayake, the Secretary-General’s Envoy on efforts in that area, leading to the establishment of many Youth, for her valuable briefing and tremendous efforts. institutions, programmes and initiatives in the fields I further thank Mr. Graeme Simpson, lead author of of education, employment, economic empowerment, the independent progress study on youth and peace training and building the capacity of men and women and security (see S/2018/86), for his efforts and the at the national, regional and international levels, in study’s important conclusions and recommendations, particular in conflict-affected regions. Such initiatives which will help support children’s ability to achieve include the World Innovation Summit for Education, international peace and security. the Upholding Education and Syrians Trust to educate and train Syrian refugees, and the Education Above All If we are to maintain international peace and and Teach a Child initiatives, which all provide high- security, concerted international efforts are needed to quality education for millions of children and young address the challenges and threats we face today as a people around the world. result of poverty, conflicts and wars. There is no doubt that the 1.8 billion young men and women who make up With regard to international cooperation, the the largest portion of the population of many countries State of Qatar provides support and cooperates with throughout the world, in particular in conflict- and international organizations working on issues that war-afflicted regions, are capable of facing such affect youth and combat extremism. We are a founding challenges and threats. They will make changes in their member of the Global Community Engagement and

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Resilience Fund, which supports local initiatives to sense of belonging and purpose and improve their build capacity and provide a counter-narrative to the well-being and self-esteem. Such efforts will in turn ideology of violent extremism. The State of Qatar lay the foundations for sustainable peace. We cannot works with youth civil society organizations, including allow terrorist groups to continue indoctrinating young Silatech, a social organization, established in the State people with hateful views and inciting them to violence. of Qatar in 2008, that supports activities aimed at Groups such as Hamas in Gaza recruit youth to terrorist providing job opportunities and enabling young people summer camps where they learn how to stab a Jew, plant to participate in socioeconomic development. On an improvised explosive device and make a Molotov 18 September 2017, a memorandum of understanding cocktail. Hamas is not alone in those lethal endeavours. was signed between the State of Qatar, the United The Islamic State in Iraq and the Sham exploits social Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism and Silatech to media platforms in order to recruit young people from build the capacity of young people in the Arab and all over the world for terrorist activities. Poisoning Islamic region in the area of employment and to launch young people’s minds in these ways is pure evil. Let us projects that protect them from violent extremism. ensure that summer camps continue to be just for play and social networks for uniting people. In conclusion, I reaffirm that the State of Qatar is committed to pursuing its efforts to create an enabling In the understanding that young people are our environment to assist young people by providing most promising resource, Israel believes strongly national, regional and international support to empower in involving them in United Nations efforts and them in peacebuilding, promoting the culture of peace, foreign-policy decision-making, which is why we tolerance and respect for religions. That will contribute have extended our youth delegate programme to three to the maintenance of international peace and security months at a time, so that our delegate can contribute to and benefit all peoples of the world. the work of our Mission and the United Nations on all three pillars — peace and security, development and The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the human rights. floor to the representative of Israel. Israelis dedicated to involving young people Ms. Furman (Israel): I would like to thank the in local, regional, national and international policy Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth and other briefers and efforts to build sustainable peace and security. for their briefings today. Our approach is both top-down and bottom-up, and Three years ago, the Security Council unanimously works to empower our young citizens through diverse adopted resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and frameworks. Israel’s President, in collaboration with security. It was a landmark achievement representing civil society, has initiated the Israeli Hope programme, our progress in including and prioritizing young people which brings together Muslim, Jewish and Christian and their positive contributions to conflict resolution youth from across the country. This special programme and to maintaining peace and security. We are gathered aims to build common understanding and mutual here today to build on that progress and to emphasize respect for the cause of peace. Many of our efforts the role of young people as vital partners for peace. The focus on building bridges and common understanding youth of today are the world’s largest-ever generation of through joint activities, while others focus on economic young people. We must encourage their involvement in development. We have seen the blossoming of joint politics, economic development and conflict resolution. ventures between Israeli and Palestinian youth in Their ideas, creativity and innovation will help build a areas that range from peace and security to technology better future for all. and innovation. In December, the non-governmental organization Games for Peace, which uses online Those efforts are even more critical in the face of video games as a platform for promoting tolerance and terrorism and violent extremism. We must acknowledge dialogue between Jewish and Arab schoolchildren, that young people are often targets for radicalization won the Intercultural Innovation Award of the United and recruitment, but our approach must not be limited Nations Alliance of Civilizations. Such activities are to countering violent extremism. We should rather key to building a foundation for sustainable peace. encourage young people to become leaders for peace and security. We must understand that by including Israel will continue in its efforts to close the gap them as part of the solution we can help build their between the youth population and young people’s

18-11894 63/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 representation in decision-making processes. Indonesia have been working consistently to encourage Resolution 2250 (2015) is just the starting point. Let us families and communities, together with grass-roots listen to the voices of our young people. They matter. civil-society organizations, to actively engage their young people in developing programmes that deliver The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the tailored interventions. floor to the representative of Indonesia. Thirdly, Governments should invest more in Mr. Djani (Indonesia): I would like to thank you, providing education, employment opportunities and Mr. President, for convening today’s important open skill development for young people in order to prevent debate on the very topical issues of on youth, peace them from being marginalized. Their optimism can and security. Indonesia welcomes the opportunity to turn to frustration when they cannot earn a living, and continue to build on the Security Council’s landmark is often exploited by radical groups to fuel their own resolution 2250 (2015). The overwhelming support agenda. It is important to make young people the centre for the resolution is a clear demonstration that we of our development efforts. There is no one-size-fits- all consider the well-being and future of our young all answer. The best strategy for generating work and people to be a shared endeavour. We would also like training our young people is to focus on solutions to express our appreciation to Ms. Wickramanayake, that are tailored to local needs and to carefully design Mr. Simpson, Ms. Pierre-Antoine and Ms. Ekomo- education programmes that nurture the values of Soignet, and we have noted with interest all the excellent tolerance, mutual respect and a culture of peace. recommendations that have been made. Fourthly, as the independent progress study (see Today’s young people are the most interconnected S/2018/86) suggests, many of our young people would generation ever, and yet they are facing challenges that choose to reject a life of violence and crime if they disrupt their potential to make a difference in their could. That choice must be supported, and yet there are own lives and those of others. Many still have to strive situations where young people are coerced into following to emerge from poverty and a lack of education, and the negative influences that may destroy their lives. As to deal with issues such terrorism, violent extremism long as conflicts exist, they will continue to be fertile and transnational organized crime. Those challenges ground where extremists and radical groups will seek to threaten communities’ peace and stability and can even recruit young people. That emphasizes the importance derail peacebuilding efforts or ignite new conflicts. In of working to find viable solutions for conflicts. We that regard, I would like to share Indonesia’s views in must ensure that repatriation and resettlement efforts, the context of the five pillars of action of resolution as well as rehabilitation and reintegration processes, are 2250 (2015) — participation, partnerships, prevention, run smoothly and sustainably in both conflict and post- protection and disengagement. conflict situations. We should never allow our young First, we should promote inclusiveness, building a people to take the path of violence and extremism. sense of belonging among our young people and making In view of the large size of Indonesia’s youth sure that they are an integral part of society. They population, our Government has consistently worked to should also be given a bigger role in preventing conflict ensure that they are able to fully exercise their rights. and encouraging peace and development. Governments In 2009 we enacted a youth law that serves as the legal should invest more in creating environments where foundation for integrating youth empowerment into our young people are empowered to take ownership, take national development plan, which includes programmes control and exert a positive influence on the issues that for ensuring access to education, basic health services matter to all of us. and young people’s participation in public life and our Secondly, we must empower young people to decision-making processes, as well as in promoting be part of their societies and take on their role as human rights, including young people’s rights. We also full-fledged members of those societies, as well as recognize the importance of fighting for the hearts and protecting them from violent groups’ recruitment and minds of our young people, encouraging dialogue and propaganda. It is a sad irony that in many cases, families partnering with them to build strong communities that and communities are the last to know about what their can counter the negative messages of extremism. We young members are thinking and doing. In our efforts believe that young people play an important and positive to combat the radicalization of young people, we in role in the maintenance and promotion of international

64/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 peace and security. We should speak their language in putting in context young leaders’ motivation and addressing this issue, because they know what is best involvement in transforming the development agenda. for them. Children are our future, and the future is in As people have already said, the current generation of our hands. It starts today. young people have a greater wealth of scientific and technological resources available to them than ever The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the before, so our efforts to involve this generation must floor to the representative of Panama. live up to the expectations of the globalized society that Mr. Arrocha Ruíz (Panama) (spoke in Spanish): they are dealing with. We are also seeing how young I would like to begin by thanking the Peruvian people can be dangerously and damagingly exposed presidency for its initiative in proposing today’s timely to transnational crime, including, most worryingly, debate, a very significant one in the history of the terrorism networks. Security Council, which draws our attention to the Young people are clearly a priority for my importance and need to ensure that we take greater Government. That is why we have committed to responsibility for dealing with the challenge of the strengthening our national education and gender-equity youth, peace and security agenda, to which my country agendas as factors that are extremely important to our is deeply committed. We listened with interest to society’s homogeneous growths. To that end, we have Mr. Graeme Simpson’s presentation of the independent developed a series of initiatives aimed at empowering progress study on youth, peace and security (see our young people to become active stakeholders in S/2018/86) and its recommendations, and we agree with formulating public policy. We know that investing in his assessment that stigmatization and stereotypes have education and human capital is a determining factor in no place in that process. We also welcome the special young people’s development. call for inclusion in the statements by the youth leaders from Haiti and the Central African Republic. As you say in your concept note (S/2018/324, annex), Mr. President, the impact of conflict on young Resolution 2250 (2015), which was adopted people is not homogeneous because the realities they unanimously by the Security Council in 2015, is encounter vary greatly depending on the region where unquestionably one of our points of reference in they live. Today, well into the twenty-first century, recognizing the role that young people can and should we have seen with horror the rising numbers of young play in preventing conflicts and violence and, even more women who are victims of violence, exploitation and so, in consolidating peace processes. It is therefore our sexual abuse, especially in regions of armed conflict. In duty to meet those expectations with concrete action view of these global challenges, Panama is committed and to lay the groundwork to promote the inclusion to its inter-institutional strategic youth plan for 2015 and participation of young people as strategic allies in to 2019, which was specifically developed to improve building a safer and more just world. young people’s participation in conflict prevention and In support of resolution 2250 (2015) and as a security efforts, with the support of non-traditional contribution to the progress study, in May 2017 Panama actors, civil society and private-sector stakeholders, in hosted the first regional consultation on youth, peace order to form a multisectoral alliance focused on the and security for the Latin American and Caribbean same goals. region, in which we welcomed the more than 60 young By focusing on six fundamental areas, my country people who met to discuss a single agenda — preventing aims to ensure social inclusion through access to violence and conflict and promoting and strengthening education, technology and job training; access to peace. Beyond confirming the security challenges quality health care and a healthy environment; that young people are facing in Latin America and the the prevention of violence; decent housing; equal Caribbean, the meeting demonstrated the potential opportunities and access to credit; and access to the of young people to make a concrete contribution to arts, sports and culture, among other things. Through developing alternative mechanisms that involve them as specific programmes such as Bilingual Panama, we are dynamic actors in working to achieve the 2030 Agenda creating tools to give young people better opportunities for Sustainable Development. We are also pleased to in the workplace, while our universal grant programme report that in March we welcomed the Secretary- is designed to help prevent school dropouts and in General’s Envoy on Youth to Panama for a meeting particular to ensure that everyone can obtain a primary

18-11894 65/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 education. In addition, since prevention is the key to the for Sustainable Development. We must aggressively success of such efforts, we have focused on renovating attack the underlying reasons why some young sports complexes, thereby fostering a culture of sport people become vulnerable to the violent narratives of as a tool for promoting peace. extremists. Economic deprivation; systemic injustice and bias due to racial, religious and other prejudices; In January 2019, Panama will host World Youth feelings of helplessness and hopelessness in an unfair Day, an event that seeks to build a better world by social justice system; an unwelcoming society that bringing together young people from all over the globe seeks to exclude and label — all of these are breeding around the common objective of working to achieve a grounds for disgruntled, sullen youth. If we take away culture of peace by overcoming cultural and religious hope and opportunity within the system, Jihadi John barriers. In the presence of Pope Francis, a leader in will begin to look like an attractive option. promoting a vision of faith and understanding, and as a country with a humanitarian calling, Panama will From the Arab Spring to the March for Our once again open its doors to global youth to provide a Lives movement, it has been young people who have space for dialogue and an exchange of views on peace, energized the people, inspired action, held politicians tolerance and conflict prevention. accountable and spoken up for democracy, equality and justice. We must provide them with an environment I would like to conclude by reaffirming Panama’s that is as welcoming and a tool set that is as effective as commitment to actively and constructively contributing possible so that they can live their best selves to their to the youth, peace and security agenda in order to full potential. maximize the collective efforts that offer us the tools we need to prepare our youth for what is unquestionably Let me turn now to my own country and our a more globalized world. efforts to empower young people in the context of the five pillars of resolution 2250 (2015) — participation, The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the protection, prevention, partnerships, disengagement floor to the representative of Sri Lanka. and reintegration. Mr. Perera (Sri Lanka): I would first like to First, in the context of this debate, let me say that congratulate Peru on its assumption of the presidency Sri Lanka is faced not with a youth bulge, but with a of the Security Council and to thank you, Mr. President, rapidly ageing population. While Sri Lanka stands for convening this debate at a time when the world out as one of the success stories of considerable is facing growing threats to international peace and advancements in human development in South Asia, security. We would also like to thank Ms. Jayathma that brings its own economic and social challenges. Wickramanayake, the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Early investments in health and education have resulted Youth, and Mr. Graeme Simpson, the lead author of the in significant reductions in infant mortality rates, progress study (see S/2018/86), for their briefings. increases in life expectancy and decreased fertility Sri Lanka acknowledges the Council’s landmark rates. Those achievements have influenced Sri Lanka’s resolution 2250 (2015) on youth and welcomes the demographic cycle. By 2041, one out of every four progress study on youth, peace and security that it persons is expected to be an elderly person, making Sri mandates. It is a valuable framework for integrating Lankans the oldest population in South Asia. our young people into our collective efforts to preserve International labour migration, largely concentrated international peace and security. among groups of young adult of working age, has Today we live in a world that is overwhelmingly increased during the past three decades, reducing the proportion of the working-age population in the young, one in which 46 per cent of its people are under country. Because of the extent of youth migration, the 24 years old. Migration and refugee movements, among proportion of the elderly in the population has increased. other things, have contributed to a youth bulge and fast- For us, therefore, our young people are precious and changing demographics. That is a cause not for panic indispensable to our success. but for quick action and hope. Rather than viewing it as essentially a problem, we should recognize its potential. As a country that had, until 2009, suffered under It provides a reason for the international community to the oppressive yoke of terrorism for nearly three renew its commitment to implementing the 2030 Agenda decades, including two youth insurrections, Sri Lanka

66/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 understands the challenges of addressing the issue. Two We have also introduced psychosocial programmes insurrections in the 1970s and 1980s led to sweeping for those who have been traumatized. The Office of social and political reform, including the setting-up National Unity and Reconciliation provides training to of a youth commission, the enactment of land reform leaders and clergy of various religions in peacebuilding laws and the establishment of a national youth council. with a view to using them as early-warning mechanisms Since 2015, following the devastating conflict, we have to defuse potential conflict situations. been embarked on implementing a reconciliation and Sri Lanka is also on the cusp of introducing transformative justice mechanism in order to ensure a comprehensive social and emotional learning prevention and non-recurrence, along the lines of the programme for three- to five-year-olds in its preschools resolution 2250 (2015). island-wide. The programme seeks to adopt a Sri Lanka has focused on a comprehensive and curriculum mediating all aspects of experiential, social responsive rehabilitation and reintegration programme and emotional learning in order to end discriminatory for over 12,000 ex-combatants who surrendered to the mindsets at a very early age and the cycle of violence. It security forces, including 594 child combatants, at the seeks to change the mindsets and attitudes of children conclusion of the conflict in May 2009. The strategies during their formative years through value-based and activities included improving their physical education, activity, play and sports as a compulsory and mental state by spiritual, sociophysiological, new subject. As a country recovering from conflict, personality and leadership training targeted to suit job we remain convinced that the only way to heal the opportunities. Apart from ex-combatants who directly wounds of division and sustain peace is by inculcating surrendered, over 2,000 ex-combatants who had the values of empathy, oneness, inclusion, forgiveness, been arrested for their direct involvement in terrorist compassion and love in our children while they are activities underwent voluntary rehabilitation in lieu young and open to change. One of the best ways to of prosecution. achieve that is through the universal language of sport and play. We have sought to include our young people and other stakeholders in building a post-conflict reconciliation Education remains one of the key preventive and peacebuilding mechanism to ensure ownership and measures, and Sri Lanka has recognized the importance control of their futures. A national consultative task of developing youth skills. In that regard, we took the force — entirely driven by civil society and operating initiative to declare 15 July as World Youth Skills under the four pillars of truth, justice, reconciliation Day. General Assembly resolution 69/145, recognizing and non-recurrence — consulted with youth leaders, World Youth Skills Day, received the overwhelming women, community leaders and others from all over support of the General Assembly. In conclusion, Sri the country in order to seek their views in establishing Lanka believes that our children and youth are not only a comprehensive reconciliation mechanism. Sri Lanka our future, but also our present. We see them as our also established a national policy on reconciliation greatest asset on our path to a better, peaceful and more in 2016, coordinated comprehensive district-level secure world. development plans for former conflict affected areas The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the and launched interfaith, arts and culture programmes. floor to the representative of El Salvador. We established the Office of National Unity Mr. Escalante Hasbún (El Salvador) (spoke in and Reconciliation as the implementing body for Spanish): At the outset, we would like to thank you, those programmes. Among a range of activities, the Mr. President, and Peru for convening this open debate. Office of National Unity and Reconciliation works on We also welcome the Secretary-General’s Envoy on educational sector reform to incorporate national unity Youth, as well as the special guests at this meeting, for and reconciliation as a pillar within the education sector their briefings this morning. with a view to instilling in our children the importance of plurality. Those reforms include the twinning of My country, as everyone knows, has a historic schools, student-teacher exchanges, an examination of commitment to youth after having lived through a 12- school textbooks to replace potentially inflammatory year armed conflict. Now, 26 years later, Salvadoran material and stereotypes, and the introduction of a youth have become important agents of change in the guidebook on the rights and responsibilities of children. post-conflict stage and in building a culture of peace.

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One of the key features of the population of my country my country was selected by the United Nations system is that it is mostly young, with 63.7 per cent under for the accelerated implementation of the Sustainable 30-years old. Development Goals (SDGs), and we are one of seven countries that participate in the pilot project for the In order to benefit from that demographic boom implementation of SDG 16 targets and indicators to and offer new prospects to our youth, El Salvador achieve peace, justice and strong institutions. must address violence and insecurity as two of the main challenges facing them, and integrate all relevant We also call attention to the fact that, at the national actors into the efforts undertaken to that end. We know level, we are currently sponsoring an initiative to move that challenges remain, but we are committed to the forward our national action plan for the implementation implementation of resolution 2250 (2015) to bridge the of resolution 2250 (2015). In September of 2017, youth gaps left by the armed conflict in our country and to organizations, together with my country’s Government build an inclusive society in which young people play a and in conjunction with the United Nations Population fundamental role in decision-making and in building a Fund and Interpeace, established a focus group on culture of peace. That is why our national youth policy resolution 2250 (2015) and a working group on SDG categorizes our youth in three groups: as an at-risk 16 and that resolution, aimed at discussing the pillars group, as subjects of the law and as strategic actors set out in the resolution and interpreting it within the in development. That policy seeks to carry out three context of our national reality so as to advance towards main processes, namely, developing their identity and the development of a national action plan for the autonomy; improving their social integration and civic implementation of resolution 2250 (2015). engagement; and promoting social cohesion and a sense In conclusion, my delegation affirms its of belonging. commitment to maintaining its support for the As we will also emphasize tomorrow at the General achievements of the goals set forth in resolution 2250 Assembly high-level meeting on peacebuilding and (2015) and for the establishment of mechanisms working sustainable peace, for my delegation, peacebuilding is in complementarity with the national action plan not only a transitory stage, but also an ongoing endeavour, towards the implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) since it implies not only the cessation of armed conflict, on women and peace and security, which advocates but also the construction of public institutions and the for strengthening the capacities and participation of development of a civic consciousness that provides a young women. firm foundation. That task consists of prioritizing cases The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the of widespread violence in society. In that context, the floor to the representative of Guatemala. Peacebuilding Commission has the responsibility to adopt a broader and more inclusive approach, while Mr. Skinner-Kleé Arenales (Guatemala) (spoke preserving the most urgent cases as priority. in Spanish): Let me to commend your delegation, Sir, for convening this open debate, as well as for the Likewise, we stress the need for the peaceful and concept note before us (S/2018/324, annex), which constructive engagement of youth, especially young contains valuable information for guiding this debate. women, from the earliest stages of prevention, crisis We are also grateful to those who delivered statements resolution and peacebuilding. In that regard, we take before us. note of the progress study on youth, peace and security (see S/2018/86), and we agree with its findings regarding Experience shows that armed conflicts and humanitarian crises put populations at risk, in the role of the media in forming stereotypes among particular young people, who are the most vulnerable young people. Unfortunately, the negative actions that and consequently the most victimized. In recent years, certain young people take are always highlighted and however, we have come to see that young people’s the coverage of positive actions is left aside. participation is an essential element of the process of Similarly, we stress that youth, peace and security conflict resolution, which positively influences the cannot be disassociated from the 2030 Agenda for work of peacebuilding, although it also pains us to see Sustainable Development. From today’s perspective how young people have been instrumentalized for abject relating to sustainable development and its link with purposes and ideological causes that are diametrically youth, peace and security agenda, I recall that, in 2016, opposed to their well-being. It is therefore necessary,

68/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 we believe, to underscore the fact that work must be strengthening the capacities of the United Nations stepped up to enable young people to assume leadership to prevent armed conflicts. In specific post-conflict roles and, through education, integration and political situations, youth has always been a vital and positive participation, to avoid becoming involved in violent driver of helpful changes. In that regard, it is important extremism. Accordingly, Guatemala holds resolution that we ask ourselves if we are fulfilling the founding 2250 (2015) in high regard, given that young people promise of the Organization, which is to save succeeding make up a majority of its population. generations from the scourge of war, or if that is merely a rhetorical flourish. As responsible actors within the The Security Council has hardly turned a blind eye to the leadership roles that young people must play, as international system, we are called on to join efforts evinced in resolution 2250 (2015), based on the premise to build and maintain peace, thereby enabling future that, if we fail to ensure their safety, education and generations to learn to live within a culture of tolerance comprehensive development, young people will be unable and respect — while considering lessons learned, to reach the level of inclusion necessary to strengthen especially those of the two World Wars, so that such their capacities and, consequently, to make their a conflagration shall never again destroy the future of contribution to peace and human rights. My delegation generations to come. acknowledges the importance of resolution 2250 (2015) The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the as it defers to the guidelines and recommendations of floor to the representative of Lebanon. the Peacebuilding Commission on how to ensure young people’s participation during and after armed conflict Mr. Saleh Azzam (Lebanon): Allow me at the within the context of peacebuilding strategies. We have outset to express my delegation’s appreciation for the witnessed how, in various regions, young people have remarkable efforts made by the Peruvian presidency, been drivers of change for social transformation, while and your able leadership of the Council, Sir, throughout directly affecting their communities and creating new the month of April. I also thank you for convening inclusive models of social development. this important open debate, your team for the concept note (S/2018/324, annex), and the briefers for their The links connecting youth, peace and security are pertinent presentations. inextricably tied to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; hence the important relevance of the This debate is of particular importance not independent progress study on youth and peace and only to Lebanon, but to the Arab region as a whole. security (see S/2018/86) for which we are grateful to Approximately 60 per cent of the population of our Mr. Simpson and his team. Although the world has region is under 25 years of age, thereby making it one made significant progress in making young women of the most youthful regions in the world. Yet, quite and men visible as strategic development stakeholders, unfortunately, it is also a region where optimism a gap remains between formal acknowledgement of and zeal are waning among young people. Mounting such ownership and effectively putting it into action political frustration, lack of economic opportunities on the ground. We therefore consider it absolutely vital and diverse social challenges are, regrettably, depriving to prioritize investment in the education, health and youth of the spark of hope. well-being of young people so as to provide them with In Lebanon, despite the Government’s dedicated comprehensive services without discrimination or any efforts to address pressing economic challenges, the form of sectarianism. In that regard, we underscore overall impact of the lack of economic opportunities on the fact that States must ensure the representative youth is tangible. These have also been exacerbated by and inclusive political participation of youth, which the economic repercussions of the Syrian displacement will allow that group to position itself at the centre situation. As of August 2017, the unemployment rate of development, thereby creating broad consensuses stood at 25 per cent, with unemployment among young that will lead to optimum levels of prosperity for the people — those under 25 years of age — at 37 per cent. development of citizens, as well as young people. Although approximately 35,000 young people graduate In conclusion, my delegation reaffirms its firm from universities annually, only 5,000 jobs are found. commitment to promoting a culture of preventing That is only one job for every seven graduates. armed conflicts as a means of addressing interrelated The numbers are telling and reflect certain social challenges of security and development, as well as repercussions of that economic challenge, particularly

18-11894 69/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 in the increasing figures of migration to other countries violent extremism strategies, but also of international to seek jobs. endeavours on those two interrelated subjects. Among youth, the lack of opportunity and hope During the negotiations over the biennial resolution can be a recipe for disaster. One expectable, albeit on the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism worrisome by-product of economic, social and political Strategy in June 2016, Lebanon was one of the leading frustrations is the desperate resort to radical ideas and countries seeking to include in the text references to beliefs, which are, in certain cases, conducive to violent the decisive role of youth in the prevention of terrorism, extremism. We therefore wonder what factors could in particular through education. Education is without a promote and support young people’s active involvement doubt a tool of immense importance. It becomes even in building peace, thereby preventing violence and more so when it instils the values of openness and contributing to positive social cohesion. tolerance, and promotes critical thinking. To begin with, national Governments should I wish to conclude by taking this opportunity to uphold their share of the responsibility. The central role inform the Council that, on 27 March, the Lebanese of youth in peacebuilding and sustainable development Government officially endorsed Lebanon’s national needs to be recognized and integrated into relevant strategy for preventing violent extremism. Youth policymaking. With regard to Lebanon, I am glad empowerment is one of the nine core pillars of to highlight the National Youth Policy, which was the strategy. endorsed by the Lebanese Government in 2012. That The late United States President Herbert Hoover policy was a key milestone in our national efforts to famously said: “Older men declare war. But it is youth empower youth and address their concerns. The final that must fight and die”. If young people are enabled to outcome was the fruit of the joint efforts of young play their well-deserved role in decision-making, if they women and men from civil society organizations, are provided the chance to have their say on matters of political parties, universities and high schools, and of peace and security, a safer, more peaceful world is more relevant ministries, in particular the Ministry of Youth likely to emerge, ascend and prosper. and Sports, as well as United Nations agencies. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the Adjacently, civil society shoulders a considerable floor to the representative of Botswana. responsibility with regard to youth empowerment and its ultimate contribution to peace and security. Social Mr. Ntwaagae (Botswana): Let me join others in media also offer youth a platform to express its hopes, sincerely commending you, Mr. President, for convening fears and political, economic and social grievances. In today’s open debate on youth, peace and security. This that respect, Lebanon boasts a vibrant and powerful particular open debate comes on the heels of the equally civil society and an open press and social media space important one on women and peace and security, which in which youth-led communities are particularly active. convened about a week ago (see S/PV.8234). Botswana These are opening doors for youth to have a growing heartily welcomes your continued engagement on and impactful presence in the public sphere. The this issue and looks forward to a debate that will ongoing parliamentary electoral process testifies contribute to global development, international peace to that impactful presence as we are witnessing an and security, and global partnership, particularly as it unprecedented level of participation and involvement relates to the youth who constitute the majority of the world’s population. of young men and women, including civil society activists, in various aspects of the process. We also take this opportunity to thank the Secretary-General for presenting his comprehensive Terrorism and the violent extremism conducive to report (see S/2018/86), on the progress study of youth’s it are among the most alarming threats to international contributions to peace processes and conflict resolution. peace and security today. Young women and men are present on the different sides of this global challenge. Botswana aligns itself with the statements delivered They are not only victims and perpetrators, but also earlier by the representatives of Mali, on behalf of the solution providers. It is imperative that youth become the Group of African States, and Indonesia, on behalf of centre both of national counter-terrorism and preventing the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries.

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The global environment continues to experience youth empowerment. I must emphasize the importance many challenges, some totally unprecedented. This of partnerships in that regard. has placed an enormous burden on Member States, Partnerships in peacebuilding are essential. as well as on regional, subregional and international Although they are often considered from the perspective organizations, to deliver on the very purpose and of preventing violent extremism, partnerships with principles of the Charter of the United Nations. It is young people facilitate their aspirations, as they are only through collective efforts that the goals we all engaged meaningfully as partners in implementing aspire to for the betterment of humankind and of the policies, rather than as onlookers. future we want can stand a chance of being realized. Like other Member States that have taken the floor Practically all the speakers before us have alluded before us, Botswana has also made significant strides to the fact that the fast-evolving challenges confronting on the above key pillars and is thus contributing to the the world today continue to grow in both scope and advancement and empowerment of youth, although we magnitude. Their sheer enormity threatens the security still face challenges and constraints. We take special of our planet and even the existence of the human pride in having established a ministry responsible race. Botswana is not, however, convinced that these for young people — the Ministry of Youth, Sports challenges are beyond our collective capability, nor and Culture, way back in 2007. A department solely are they insurmountable. Since its inception in 1945, dedicated to youth affairs has also been established the United Nations has strived to provide a platform alongside the Botswana National Youth Council, which for nations to work together in addressing the various acts as an umbrella for all registered independent challenges we continue to face, and it is proper to say youth organizations in Botswana and through which that notable progress has been achieved, particularly in financial support and grants are made available to those the maintenance of international peace and security. youth organizations. We are glad to know that since the adoption of Obviously, more needs to be done in this area and, resolution 2250 (2015), there has been a series of like many other nations across the world, we are also worldwide consultations on the engagement of children concerned about what previous speakers have referred and young people in peacebuilding activities. The to as the youth bulge, which is educated, unemployed adoption of the resolution was the first step of the United and very vulnerable. The number of youth graduates Nations in recognizing the important role young people in our country has grown drastically over the past play in preventing conflicts and sustaining peace. couple of years, exceeding the Government’s capacity It is in itself a groundbreaking and historic moment to provide employment for them. It is in that light that for the United Nations, which specifically addresses the Government of Botswana has stepped up efforts to the topic of youth from an international peace and attract foreign direct investment so as to facilitate job security perspective. creation for these young people. This is also an opportune time for Member States to My delegation holds firm in the belief that the discuss not only the progress achieved in the two years recommendations and findings of the study that the since the adoption of the resolution, but to also engage Secretary-General shared with the Council this morning on how we hope and plan to ensure that the goals and will help inform the national policies of United Nations principles espoused in the Secretary-General’s report, Member States on how young people can contribute to which was presented this morning, can be aligned peace processes and conflict resolution. Africa needs with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. to seize upon the demographic dividend arising from The Secretary-General’s report identifies five priority the youth bulge in its population in order to enable areas for action in pursuit of efforts to promote youth young people to constructively contribute to Africa’s as agents of peace and security, and invariably see their development, as well to peace and security. The youth lives improve. bulge is, thus, a resource to be harnessed. Education plays the dual role of building The time has come for us to partner with young competencies for social cohesion and civic engagement, people and to be innovative, creative and forward- while also developing skills for economic engagement. thinking in order to address some of the challenges that It is an extremely important undertaking as it relates to we face.

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The Secretary-General’s report has drawn our focused on women and young people in Francophone attention to the most critical concerns of our youth regions and their role in peace and development. In and recommends that we engage youth as partners acknowledgement of the 270 million young people in in development and policymaking. Again, in terms Francophone areas, the organization has since 2014 of resolution 2250 (2015), the role of young people in been committed to including them in all its bodies at building cohesive societies can no longer be overlooked. all levels. The 2014 summit gave rise to the IOF’s youth Their creative and innovative ideas need to be put to strategy, which hinges on an inclusive approach based good use for the benefit of their countries. on human rights. In conclusion, let me underscore the point that I wish to focus on all consultations conducted young people throughout the world need a conducive by the organization not only with its youth networks environment in which to develop and thrive. They need but also with its member States and to share with the an environment that sees them as agents of change and Council some aspects of our efforts on the basis of two as contributors and partners in development. This body core premises. can contribute to that process. The first concerns the call made by young people Let me in concluding make a request: perhaps, today for us to question some of our certainties. Indeed, Mr. President, you should require that Member it is evident that young men and women represent the States present progress reports to this body on their majority of the population and that it is we, those above implementation of resolution 2250 (2015) so that we can age 35, who are now in the minority. Yet we continue be informed of the efforts they are making to promote to expect the majority to adapt to the demands of the the involvement of young people in development and in minority without even including it in a dialogue on decision-making on issues that affect them. the necessary adjustments. This is especially true for mediation and crisis-exit processes, which, with a few The President (spoke in French): I now give the exceptions, rarely welcome young people. Not only floor to the Permanent Observer of the International that, what we are in effect asking of them is that they Organization of the Francophonie. get on a speeding train without ever considering how Mrs. Saidane (spoke in French): Allow me fast it is going. to begin by thanking the Peruvian presidency for The second premise relates to one of the points having convened today’s debate on an issue of critical that the study on young people, peace and security importance for the advancement of our collective specifically underlines, something that we welcome. aspirations vis-à-vis international peace and security. We need to move away from simplistic stereotypes that We hope that the Council will consistently follow up on view young people only as a high-risk, irresponsible the youth, peace and security agenda. Council. I wish and potentially violent group, even though the vast also to thank all of those who spoke this morning, as majority of young people wish only to contribute their input makes it possible for all our debates on this positively to peace, security and development, and have issue to be increasingly well-informed and detailed. already been doing so. More than two years have elapsed since the I wish here to discuss some of the efforts undertaken adoption of resolution 2250 (2015), which represented by the IOF to forge a robust partnership with and for an unprecedented acknowledgement of the urgent need young people that is aimed at building peace within the to mobilize young people in the promotion of peace French-speaking community, which has by no means and security, reaffirming the fact that without young been spared conflicts and violence. people nothing is possible, nothing can be envisaged First, with respect to inclusion and participation, and nothing can be achieved. our efforts are not limited to systematically including The International Organization of the Francophonie young people in decision-making processes and (IOF), which currently has 84 member States and bodies; the aim is also to give them a voice, through, Governments, acknowledges young people as actors for instance, the Free Together campaign. In its critical to the success of its efforts in all areas. Based first year the campaign, launched in 2016 on social on this certainty, in 2014 the IOF, at its fifteenth summit networks, mobilized more than 5,000 young people of Heads of State and Government, held in Dakar, in the French-speaking community in the context of

72/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 an initiative crafted by young people and focusing for young people, an alliance was created between the on the revalorization of coexistence, respect and the IOF, the Commonwealth, the Ibero-American General engagement of young people in public life. These same Secretariat and the Community of Portuguese-speaking young men and women are also continuing to make Countries, which together represent 167 States and contributions in the framework of the Francophone 61 per cent of the world’s population. That alliance network for the prevention of radicalization currently led to a call for universal humanism, launched jointly being set up, as well as in the context of the national by the four women at the helm of those organizations, “Free Together” initiatives, specifically in Côte d’Ivoire and to an action plan in which youth is acknowledged and Benin, in partnership with the national authorities. as a key actor in the stability of societies and in the establishment of the social cohesion necessary for Furthermore, convinced that it is more important peace and security. than ever to work to reconcile young people and decision-makers and to create the climate of mutual I wish to conclude by focusing on that call, which trust that is critical for dialogue, the IOF has harnessed is part and parcel of the quest to better align the efforts its capacities in the area of advocacy, political mediation of the various relevant organizations and existing at the highest level and technical partnership with its mechanisms, and to stress that we already have member States in order to contribute to the maintenance numerous opportunities at our disposal to systematically of the rule of law, which protects young people, their integrate young people into decision-making processes, voice and their participation. as they are already organized enough to be credible interlocutors. We must accept being called into question; The United Nations Development Programme, that is the aim of our present and future efforts. which in 2017 carried out a study on factors contributing to violent radicalization in the Sahel region, stressed The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the the fact that one of the triggers of such violence was floor to the representative of Canada. without a doubt State violence against citizens, and this Mr. Grant (Canada) (spoke in French): The youth, aspect must remain at the heart of our concerns. peace and security agenda is about transforming In addition to being guarantors of coexistence, systems that lead to the exclusion of young people and young people, as has been stressed repeatedly today, are engaging youth in all aspects of social, economic and the economic actors of today and tomorrow. Given that political life. It requires targeted funding and targeted the economic integration of young men and women is a programming and, above all, giving young people critical component of their contribution to the building the opportunity, capacity and access to be leaders of peaceful societies, the IOF has adopted an economic in their communities, as well as at the national and and digital strategy through which it mobilizes funds international levels. for the support of innovation and entrepreneurship for How to do that is a challenge that every country young project leaders. faces. This agenda is universal. As the independent As education remains the cornerstone of young progress study on youth, peace and security so well people’s involvement, the IOF also supports the illustrates, it lies at the heart of all of our prevention development of educational and vocational training efforts, whether we are talking about preventing violent policies, through, inter alia, the Institute of the conflicts, violent extremism or violent crime. Francophonie for Education and Training, based To that end, Canada welcomes the progress study in Dakar, as well as the Francophone University and is proud to have supported its innovative and Association, which includes more than 800 institutions participatory research process. We were also pleased of higher education. that Canadian youth were able to discuss and validate its Lastly, the IOF focuses on the mobilization of efforts emerging recommendations last fall on the margins of in the areas of integrated cooperation and of sustainable, the Vancouver Peacekeeping Defence Ministerial. We inclusive and responsible human development. The task believe that the progress study will make an important is so urgent and the challenge of such magnitude that contribution to the discussions we will be having this no country or organization can achieve it alone; hence week on building and sustaining peace. As the recently the importance of today’s debate. Because all national launched United Nations-World Bank “Pathways for and international actors must act hand in hand with and Peace” report recommends, managing youth’s unmet

18-11894 73/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 aspirations and their inclusion in society is a critical promote the reporting of abuses and grave violations component of any measures to prevent violent conflicts. against children. Since then, the Vancouver Principles have been endorsed by 63 Member States. In the coming (spoke in English) years, Canada will convene the endorsing States, the As we collectively consider the recommendations United Nations and members of the child- protection of the progress study, Canada would like to highlight a community to develop practical implementation number of key points. guidance for these principles. First, there is genuine synergy between the youth, Finally, responsibility for taking this agenda peace and security agenda and the women and peace forward ultimately rests with Member States, but the and security agenda. Canada is implementing a feminist United Nations has an important role to play. We believe foreign policy with a strong focus on women and peace that the United Nations and Member States can do more and security. Canada’s second national action plan on to facilitate young people’s meaningful participation women and peace and security provides a framework in peace negotiations and peacebuilding processes, for a cohesive whole-of-Government approach to ensure the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated ensure that gender perspectives are integrated into all data related to youth, peace and security, and put in peace and security efforts. Gender equality and the place mechanisms for meaningful consultation and the empowerment of women and girls are also driving our engagement of young people. We also believe that, as feminist international assistance policy, which includes with the women and peace and security agenda, the the need to engage men and boys. Council should mandate regular reporting from the Secondly, we recognize that some of the most Secretary-General on youth, peace and security, and important work is being done by civil society at the ensure that young people’s participation is included in grass-roots and local levels. Too often the work of such Security Council mandates. organizations is unrecognized, while our interventions Canada will continue to support this important target processes led by capital-based actors. agenda through our own domestic and international Through our new Women’s Voice and Leadership policies, and we stand ready to support the work of the Programme, Canada will allocate $150 million over United Nations in implementing the progress study. five years to respond to the needs of local women’s The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the organizations in developing countries that are working floor to the representative of Uzbekistan. to advance the rights of women and girls and promote gender equality. We hope that there are lessons here for Mr. Ibragimov (Uzbekistan): Mr. President, I wish how we can support youth leadership and participation to thank you for having convened this open debate on as well. maintaining international peace and security through promoting and protecting youth rights, which has Thirdly, as outlined in the Secretary-General’s Plan become one of the key issues on the United Nations of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism, which Canada agenda. I wish to take this opportunity to inform the strongly supports, engaging youth and making them Council about the latest developments in Uzbekistan in part of the response to violent extremism is crucial. this area. Youth, predominantly affected by violent extremism, can play an important role in identifying solutions, For the past year and a half in Uzbekistan, under supporting communities and building resilience to the leadership of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, very this threat. dynamic processes of societal transformation including the promotion of youth rights, have been observed. The Fourthly, when we talk about youth, peace and Government has been taking bold steps towards further security, we must not forget about child protection, expanding reforms in all fields, with the aim of building including preventing the recruitment of children in the a democratic State and a just society guided by a simple peacekeeping context. As many here know, Canada principle: that human interests come first. developed the Vancouver Principles on Peacekeeping and the Prevention of the Recruitment and Use of Today the world’s youth population has already Child Soldiers last fall. This initiative seeks to identify reached almost 2 billion people, and the planet’s early-warning signs, take action to end recruitment and future and well-being depend on what kind of people

74/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 our children will grow up to be. The Government of Nations convention on the rights of youth, a unified Uzbekistan therefore attaches great importance to international legal instrument aimed at developing and youth-related issues. We in Uzbekistan have enacted implementing a youth policy in a context of globalization a national law on the youth policy of the State, which and of the rapid development of information and defines the legal framework and guidelines for the communication technologies. formation and implementation of our youth policy, with Given the importance of this issue, we in Uzbekistan a view to strengthening the role of the public, especially hope that this initiative will receive the overwhelming non-governmental organizations, local authorities support of all States Members of the United Nations, and the media, in implementing that policy. We also and we will jointly develop a draft of such a convention overhauled the youth movement by creating the Union and make coherent efforts to bring it to fruition. of Youth of Uzbekistan, which is now more actively involved in the socio-political life of the country. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the floor to the representative of Luxembourg. An effective youth policy is particularly important nowadays, at a time when terrorist threats and the Mr. Braun (Luxembourg) (spoke in French): Allow radicalization of young people are widespread across me to thank the Peruvian presidency of the Security the globe. As research shows, most crimes linked Council for organizing today’s important debate, as with extremist activity and violence are committed by well as all the speakers who have contributed to it. people under the age of 30. My country fully aligns itself with the statement In this regard, today it is extremely important made by the observer of the European Union, to fight for the hearts and minds of young people by but I would like to add a few comments from our providing them with the conditions necessary for self- national perspective. realization and creating a barrier against the spread of We highly appreciate the quality of the independent the virus of the ideology of violence. For that reason, progress study (see S/2018/86), and I wish to express we in Uzbekistan believe that it is crucial to advance my country’s support for the recommendations set multilateral cooperation in the sphere of social support out therein and to express my thanks for the work of for youth by protecting their rights and interests. the Advisory Group of Experts and the secretariat This June, Uzbekistan, in collaboration with the established for the study, made up by the Peacebuilding Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Support Office and the United Nations Population Fund. will host an international conference on the role of I welcome the participatory and inclusive approach, youth in preventing and countering violent extremism which made it possible to reflect the views of young and radicalization that lead to terrorism, which will people around the world and to produce a study that address the following key issues: understanding reflects their reality. the nature of violent extremism and radicalization We hope that the idea of a new Security leading to terrorism; exchanging opinions on effective Council resolution on youth, peace and security strategies to prevent youth from falling prey to radical will become a reality. It is essential to complete the ideologies; identifying needs and opportunities in terms normative framework in this area and help reduce its of implementing specific actions by States and civil fragmentation. The study before us today presents society for preventing the spread of radical ideology a unique opportunity for forward-looking strategic among youth, while ensuring respect for human rights; planning to accelerate the implementation of youth, and sharing positive experiences and lessons learned by peace and security programmes at all levels — national, Central Asian States on engaging youth in confronting regional and global. violent extremism and radicalization. I am very pleased Too many young people around the world have lost to note that the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, confidence in their Governments and in the international Ms. Wickramanayake, has been invited to that event, community. They feel excluded from governance and we look forward to her participation. systems, which creates a sense of injustice and of being During the seventy-second session of the left behind. We must fight against the stigmatization of General Assembly last September, the President of young people, against prejudices and generalizations, Uzbekistan proposed the development of a United facilitate their inclusion in processes of peacebuilding,

18-11894 75/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 economic growth and social development, because Georgia considers youth to be one of the major young people are obviously our greatest treasure and driving forces in building and maintaining peace, the future of the planet. as well as in conflict prevention and transformation processes. With that in mind, the Government of In that context, in order to promote a coherent Georgia facilitates the engagement of youth in public approach based on facts, Luxembourg is also in favour diplomacy and confidence-building projects, including of an annual implementation report by the Secretary- supporting access to quality education for conflict- General and the holding of annual open debates such affected youth. One of the latest peace initiatives of as this in the Security Council. In order to ensure the my Government — A Step to a Better Future — seeks legitimacy of these processes, the active participation to ease access for residents of the occupied regions of young peacemakers will also need to be ensured. of Georgia — Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region/ Whether it be at the national or international level, South Ossetia — to all levels of education, including it is essential to build on young people’s capacities for vocational, available in the rest of the country. But for action and initiative by providing them with the means this endeavour to succeed, it is vital that the issue of as well as the space necessary to enable them to build flagrant violations of human rights of the population of inclusive networks that lets them be heard and fight the occupied regions be addressed, namely, restrictions the structural obstacles that block their contribution to of freedom of movement, kidnappings and killings. Just peace and security. Thereafter, they must be involved three weeks ago, in this very Chamber, I spoke about and recognized as equal partners, from the outset, in the most recent brutal example of this: the torture and peace and security initiatives that concern them. killing of a young ethnic Georgian, Archil Tatunashvili (see S/ PV.8218). In all of the foregoing, young people can count on the ongoing commitment of my country. As long as Georgia’s regions of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia remain under illegal The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the foreign military occupation, my Government is being floor to the representative of Georgia. prevented from exercising its duties and responsibilities Mr. Imnadze (Georgia): Let me first express in the territories. The so-called law on the legal status of my thanks to the Peruvian presidency for convening foreign citizens, introduced in 2016 by the occupation today’s important debate on youth, peace and security. regimes, deprive local Georgians, including youth, from I would also like to express gratitude to the briefers for the possibility of fully participating in almost every the reports and the study (see S/2018/86) presented to aspect of life and from having a say in decision-making the Security Council. processes that directly affect them and their existence. Young people of ethnic Georgian origin in both regions The Georgian delegation aligns itself with the are continuously deprived of basic human rights, statement made earlier by the observer of the European including the right to freedom of movement and, most Union. However, I would like to add the following important, the right to receive education in their native remarks in my national capacity. language. They are targets of ethnically based violence Young people represent the majority of the and other forms of discrimination on ethnic grounds. population in regions affected by wars and armed Against that backdrop, while we reaffirm our conflicts today. Yet the same young people can commitment to promoting the engagement of youth in actively contribute to the peace and security of their decision-making processes, we call for the international communities and societies, and they do, but their work community’s increased attention in order to protect and voices need greater recognition and empowerment young people’s rights in the occupied regions of Georgia from our side. Examples of young people’s contribution and in other conflict-affected areas around the world as to the prevention of violent conflicts in different a matter of principle. parts of the world speak to the potential of youth in The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the promoting the concept of sustaining peace. To fully use floor to the representative of Bangladesh. their potential, we share the view cited in the progress study on the follow-up to resolution 2250 (2015), aimed Mr. Rahman (Bangladesh): We thank the Peruvian at expanding youth participation and engagement. presidency of the Security Council for organizing

76/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 today’s open debate. The voices of the young women skill sets so that they can avail themselves of gainful from three different continents expressed the concerns employment opportunities at home and abroad. and aspirations of their peers from across the world, Some of the key challenges faced by our youth including from the occupied Palestinian territories and are not necessarily unique to our context. Young men Rakhine state. and women remain vulnerable to violent extremist Bangladesh welcomed the adoption of resolution narratives that can lead them astray, along the path of 2250 (2015) and eventually joined an informal group, radicalization and terrorism. A considerable number Champions for Youth, in support of the youth, peace of young people continue to fall prey to the motives and security agenda. We consider the progress study and trade of organized criminal networks involved in (see S/2018/86) to be an important contribution trafficking om humans, drugs and arms. Traditional to our discourse on a multidimensional agenda. gender norms and practices disproportionately impact The recommendations contained therein provide a the potential of young women in particular. comprehensive framework for promoting youth’s Investment in youth makes eminent sense from all potential role as the connective tissue in building and points of view. The case for financing youth-centric and sustaining peace. It is crucial that young people all youth-led initiatives is relevant not only for national over the world be given an opportunity to realize their authorities, but also for international development potential, building on the foundations set forth in the partners. The United Nations Peacebuilding Fund has 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. demonstrated some useful precedents and results in Bangladesh is a fairly young country, with a large that regard; it would be advisable for others to follow population of young people. Our nation is projected its lead. to harness the demographic dividend until 2035. We Finally, I have personally seen, again and again, see our young men and women blazing their trails how young people among our troops and police continue and leaving their footprints in almost all spheres of to make a difference in United Nations peacekeeping life. They often challenge the status quo and then help operations. With the right environment and tools, young to chart a way forward through vibrant engagements people can indeed prove to be a force to reckon with for and consultations. In so doing, they carry forward the conflict prevention and sustaining peace. proud legacy of youth leadership and participation through our nation’s anti-colonial, independence and The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the democratic struggles. floor to the representative of the United Arab Emirates. In recognition of our youth’s seminal role in Mr. Alshamsi (United Arab Emirates) (spoke in national peace and development, our Honourable Prime Arabic): I thank you, Mr. President, for convening this Minister Sheikh Hasina has presented the vision of an important debate on youth and peace and security, and inclusive, knowledge-driven economy under the slogan for your continued support for youth issues. We also “A Digital Bangladesh”. The vision aims to turn our thank the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth and the young men and women into true agents of change by lead author of the progress study on youth and peace creating an enabling policy environment for them. and security (see S/2018/86) for their briefings. The updated national youth development policy Thanks to the leadership of the Hashemite Kingdom adopted by our Government last year exemplifies our of Jordan, resolution 2250 (2015) was adopted three efforts to ascertain that no young person is left behind years ago. Since then, significant efforts have been made on our national development pathway. The policy to mainstream and highlight the positive work of young upholds the provisions in our Constitution that ensure people in issues of peace and security. The United Arab the rights, justice and equity for all young people, Emirates welcomes the efforts that led to the progress irrespective of gender, religion, caste, ethnicity or study and commends its participatory approach. We physical and mental abilities. Our Government remains find the study especially valuable in addressing long- committed to implementing an inclusive education held stereotypical beliefs and ideas concerning youth, policy that fosters critical thinking and a culture of and called for a more detailed and balanced approach peace among our young people and provides them with when crafting policies related to young people.

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The United Arab Emirates attaches great for young Arab pioneers in different fields to mobilize importance to developing a more comprehensive notion their peers and take part in the sustainable development of peace, with a focus on the prevention of extremism of their communities. and violence, while addressing the root causes of In conclusion, it is our duty as Member States to those issues. The study highlights the fact that in our mainstream and embrace youth in our work at the United quest for peace and security, young are indispensable Nations as one of the solutions to reach our goals. The allies. I would like to underscore the importance of United Arab Emirates launched the Youth Delegate the work of women and girls. We see that the agendas Programme in 2016, which involves Emirati youth of youth, peace and security and of women and peace in the official United Arab Emirates delegations that and security overlap in several areas. We therefore encourage building on former achievements. participate in General Assembly meetings, committees and relevant international forums. Convinced of the Given the high number of young people who importance of such programmes, we encourage all experience violence worldwide, as highlighted in the States to launch programmes for youth delegates and study, and against the backdrop of a region beset by enrich the work of the General Assembly with a youth conflict in recent years, the United Arab Emirates perspective. looks to its youth and the youth of the region to become positive drivers of peace. With strong political backing The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the at the highest level, the United Arab Emirates has floor to the representative of Monaco. taken concrete steps nationally towards the meaningful Ms. Picco (Monaco): More than half of the world’s inclusion of youth in decision-making processes. In population is under the age of 30 and nearly 90 per 2016, the United Arab Emirates appointed a young cent of those young people live in the very areas where female Minister of State for Youth Affairs. Since the the United Nations deploys most of its peacekeeping appointment, several mechanisms and initiatives have missions. Graeme Simpson’s progress study on youth been established, including the establishment of youth and peace and security (see S/2018/86), mandated by councils at every level of Government and the adoption resolution 2250 (2015), strikingly illuminates the long of a national youth strategy. Those steps underpin an road that still has to be travelled to fully mobilize the open policy of engagement that is the cornerstone of tremendous asset that is young people, who are too nurturing a peaceful and thriving society. often the victims of armed conflict and conspicuously It is a common understanding that maintaining absent from peace processes and conflict resolution. peace does not equate to simply ensuring the absence of I will limit myself to the remarkably innovative violence. The United Arab Emirates is of the view that and ingenious action, highlighted in Graeme Simpson’s many of the challenges in our region cannot be solved study, of young people who use sport to deal with their without exploring the potential of young people and their suffering, foster their demobilization and facilitate active involvement. Our role as key policy-makers is to their reintegration. provide young people with the proper tools for success, such as good education, competitive job markets, equal As the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development opportunities and a nurturing environment, all of recognizes, sport has made a growing contribution to which, as the progress study illustrates, are among the development and peace in its promotion of tolerance most important factors of growth and peace. and respect, the empowerment of women and youth, individuals and communities, as well as health, In the United Arab Emirates, we take pride in education and social inclusion objectives. supporting a tolerant and moderate model that provides alternatives to the cycles of extremism and violence The Group of Friends of Sport for Development in our region, with the aim of unlocking a talented, and Peace, which Monaco has co-chaired since 2010 creative and innovative generation. At the heart of that with Tunisia, promotes the unique tool that brings model is a focus on prevention that underpins the stakes together communities and individuals — a tool that and investments that we have made in pursuing a policy deserves further integration into strategies for both of engaging and empowering youth. Building on that, conflict prevention and post-conflict rehabilitation and the United Arab Emirates is home to such initiatives as peacebuilding. The testimonies that we receive from the the Arab Youth Centre, which provides opportunities Group of Friends are unequivocal: sport is a simple and

78/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 effective vehicle for bridging social, religious and racial implement mechanisms that allow them to participate gaps and even for combating gender discrimination. meaningfully in peace processes. The study not only places young people at the forefront of a dialogue that Founded in 2007 in Monaco by Olympic champion directly impacts them, but also serves as an inspiration Joël Bouzou, the organization Peace and Sport enjoys the for us to take advantage of the unique energy that patronage of Prince Albert II. It supports programmes they possess to fulfil the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable in five continents and benefits from a network of Development, namely, Goal 16, on the promotion of champions for peace. Sporting activities are particularly peace and inclusive societies. important on a day-to-day basis, because of crowding in camps for refugee and internally displaced persons, We must be careful when viewing young people only and for United Nations peacekeeping operations. as perpetrators or victims of violence. Young people That was demonstrated in 2017 in South Sudan with a have a pivotal role in guaranteeing the success of efforts volleyball competition, and more recently, in 2018, as to maintain lasting peace, promote peacebuilding and part of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated achieve more equal and just societies. We must therefore Stabilization Mission in Mali, where the Civil Affairs guarantee their active and meaningful participation in Division organized a football tournament to promote that regard. education and social cohesion. It is essential that we ensure respect for the law and The universal language of sport perfectly the protection and full enjoyment of human rights, with encapsulates the four ‘P’s of resolution 2250 (2015): greater attention given to the most vulnerable young participation, protection, prevention and partnerships. people, with a view to prevention and the consolidation We must not underestimate the capacity of sport of peace. It is also urgent that we guarantee young to contribute to curbing violence, restoring trust, people access to quality education and social protection, re-establishing social ties, ensuring the reintegration as well as economic empowerment. of ex-combattants and supporting their physical and We are pleased to see that the study addresses emotional recovery. various types of violence. One of the most appalling The recommendations in paragraph 60 of the study types of violence is that perpetrated against women, are particularly interesting. The investment of $1 per affecting mainly young women, which is an evil that young person between today and 2025 — which will afflicts many countries of the world. In that regard, the mark the tenth anniversary of the adoption of resolution Dominican Republic is working to train young people, 2250 (2015) — would be a great symbolic success, all primarily men, in the areas of analysis, prevention and the more resounding if it young people are involved. We eradication of violence against women. are fully confident that the Secretary-General’s Envoy Moreover, climate change threatens the peace and on Youth will be able to assist us in achieving that. security of nations, from the hurricanes that beset The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the our region, to drought, increasing temperatures and floor to the representative of the Dominican Republic. water scarcity, which contribute to social upheaval and violent conflict, thereby directly affecting the security Mr. Cortorreal (Dominican Republic) (spoke and development prospects of young people around in Spanish): We wish to congratulate the Security the world. In that vein, involving youth in creating Council, under the presidency of Peru, for convening awareness about climate change is essential if we are to this first open debate since the adoption of resolution respond immediately and effectively. 2250 (2015), on youth, peace and security, as well as We must exercise caution when it comes to the Mr. Simpson for presenting the progress study on the dangerous narrative of exclusively highlighting subject (see S/2018/86). We also extend our sincere programmes that support young people involved in thanks to the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth conflict. We tend to forget to foster more programmes and the representative of civil society for sharing their that favour young people who contribute to important perspectives. peacebuilding. Many organizations do not have enough Resolution 2250 (2015) is a historic document and funding to achieve their peace and security goals, a point of reference for Member States to give a greater which limits their work and the scope and impact of voice to young people in decision-making and to their projects. We need further alliances among young

18-11894 79/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 people, Governments, civil society and the international help them discover their talents and develop their community. cultural, scientific, psychological and physical abilities, including encouraging them to engage in group and Gathering data is crucial, not only to be able to volunteer activity and enabling them to take part in calculate exactly how many young people are exposed to public life. different forms of violence or have their rights infringed, but also to be able to guide policies and programmes Egypt celebrated International Youth Day last aimed at the empowerment and the well-being of our August, under the slogan “The 2030 Agenda for youth, primarily based on the five pillars of resolution Sustainable Development”. In that regard, Egypt 2250 (2015). We recognize that monitoring the progress hosted the World Youth Forum for the period from 4 to made in implementing the resolution is fundamental, 11 November 2017, with more than 3,000 participants as with the women and peace and security agenda, from all over the world, including Heads of State through an annual report to analyse the implementation and Government, personal envoys, thinkers, public of the recommendations of the study. figures and academics, as well as the participation of research centres and private sector. The Administrator The Dominican Republic plans to join the Security of the United Nations Development Programme also Council as a non-permanent member during the period participated in the forum representing the Secretary- 2019-2020, and those will be part of our priorities. We General. understand that we should not only address the youth, peace and security agenda in isolation or solely in The Forum discussed aspects of the study prepared open debates, but also in other discussions within the by the Secretary-General. It simulated five Security Council, the General Assembly and the United Nations Council meetings on topics such as means to address system. the threats to world peace and security posed by terrorist organizations, irregular migration, challenges In conclusion, the Dominican Republic is fully faced by states and immigrants, as well as the impact of committed to implementing the recommendations of conflict on peoples and nations, with the means to limit the progress study pursuant to resolution 2250 (2015). their danger on development and the youth. We hope to have an opportunity as a Council member to continue working with the United Nations, Member Resolution 2250 (2015) represents the starting States and civil society to advance the goals of the point for a legal framework for the youth, peace and youth, peace and security agenda. security agenda. However, such a framework will bear fruit only if it is accompanied by a set of practical steps The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the that will help to strengthen the role of youth and their floor to the representative of Egypt. participation in their societies, and protect them from Mr. Edrees (Egypt) (spoke in Arabic): First and extremism and conflict. In that context, I would like to foremost, I wish to thank the Peruvian presidency of the make the following observations. Security Council for convening this important debate. It is important to give young people economic and I also wish to thank the Secretary-General’s Envoy educational opportunities to break the vicious cycle on Youth and the other briefers for providing us with of extremism and violence. We must include them in valuable information. the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals Egypt has duly taken note of the Secretary- locally and internationally, and harness their innovative General’s progress study on youth and peace and capacities in forming new international partnerships security (see S/2018/86) and its recommendations. between States and international financing entities to spur economic activity and address post-conflict Egypt has a young population, with about rebuilding. It is also important to acknowledge young 22 million people between the ages of 18 and 29, people’s needs and address the root causes of conflict. namely, 24 per cent of the total population. We Moreover, we must safeguard and respect their national believe that young people are the main driving force and cultural identities with a view to preventing them that societies need for development and progress, for from sliding into extremism. avoiding wars and conflicts and for peacebuilding. For that reason, article 82 of our Constitution stipulates In his forthcoming report, the Secretary-General that the State guarantees the care of youth and must would be well-advised to especially focus on young

80/86 18-11894 23/04/2018 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.8241 people in occupied Arab territories, as is noted briefly effective responses to today’s complex crises, prevent in the progress study. They are subjected to violations by conflicts and sustainably prepare their countries for the occupying Power when they stand up for their cause. the future. Resolution 2250 (2015), which the Security We must also include young people in decision-making Council adopted unanimously in December 2015, processes. To that end, we have launched a leadership marked the beginning of a process that will secure a programme that aims to build upon and mobilize more relevant role for young people in the maintenance their capacities to take decisions in governance, and promotion of international peace and security. We administration and public policy. Civil society have translated it into Portuguese to ensure that the text organizations, especially those led by young people, is more widely known to relevant stakeholders and the also play an important role in preventing extremism. general public. Furthermore, it is also important to incorporate As the progress study on youth, peace and security the gender dimension in all youth programmes through (see S/2018/86) clearly states, young people are already capacity-building, particularly of women and young seeking ways to prevent violence and consolidate peace people. Volunteer opportunities contribute to the around the world. It is our responsibility to ensure development of young people’s skills. In that regard, that they are heard and recognized as true partners for we commend the efforts undertaken by United Nations peace. The study also indicates that for young women Volunteers. Media can also play an important role in and men, peace and security depend on human rights- raising awareness on a culture of peace and combating based protections and redress. Portugal fully agrees violent ideologies. with that. Young people can be partners for peace only if their rights are fully respected, whether political, We reiterate the call of the World Youth Forum, civil, social, economic or cultural. held in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, to establish an international electronic forum to develop strategies to Young people are often more vulnerable to violent tackle the challenges facing young people worldwide. extremism. They are also more prone to being recruited The various international conferences throughout into extremist groups, partly owing to a sense of the world strengthen opportunities for dialogue marginalization and social and economic exclusion. among youth, but also between young people and Ultimately, a lack of kinship and belonging leads their Governments, as well as with civil society and to young people’s alienation and disfranchisement, international organizations. In that regard, Egypt which in turn aggravates their vulnerability. That is emphasizes the importance of holding the World Youth exacerbated in our globalized societies by extremists Forum in November of each year. We call on everybody and terrorists’ growing use of information and to participate in the forum. communication technologies to incite, recruit, fund and plan terrorist acts, disseminating a false narrative In conclusion, we acknowledge that there are many of glory and a sense of empowerment, all of it just a conflicts that draw in young people. They might spill computer click away. beyond conflict zones and borders. The issue under consideration today is the first step to creating a We must therefore work to ensure that young practical framework to engage young people in working people’s human rights are fully respected and that towards a more peaceful world. We must cooperate to they can be meaningful members of society. It is counter the adverse consequences of an environment also important to ensure that they can participate that pulls young people towards violence. meaningfully and inclusively in political life. In that regard, Portugal fully agrees with the progress study’s The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the recommendations on enhancing the capacity of youth floor to the representative of Portugal. organizations and recognizing youth leadership. For Mrs. Pucarinho (Portugal): I would like to those purposes, we believe there is no greater tool commend the Peruvian presidency for convening today’s than education. The full realization of the right to an open debate on youth, peace and security. Young people education, including higher education, is crucial to currently represent a majority of the populations in achieving those goals and ensuring that young men and countries affected by conflict. As the largest generation women are part of the solution rather than part of the ever, one-fourth of the world’s population, the efforts problem. That is especially important in crisis situations. of young people will be essential if we are to ensure Portugal has been supporting the Global Platform for

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Syrian Students, which is an excellent example of partners in global efforts to achieve peace and combat how the international community can work together violent extremism. to create opportunities for those affected by crisis and As the world evolves, so do the issues facing young emergencies and ensure a future for their country and people, who today are bearing witness to a world where region. I would like to take this opportunity to call on poverty goes hand in hand with the concentration of all partners to support the Global Platform, as well as wealth, where ignorance exacerbates social tensions the recently launched Rapid Response Mechanism for and where conflict causes them to doubt the promise Higher Education in Emergencies. of a better future. In the face of exclusion, lack of In conclusion, Portugal has always been a staunch opportunities and unemployment, the ambitions supporter of the youth agenda at the United Nations and of young people morph into frustrations that are firmly believes that the World Programme of Action exploited by criminal and extremist groups. We must for Youth, established with the adoption by consensus bridge this gap exploited by the enemies of humanity, of General Assembly resolution 50/81, 20 years ago, peace and development. The long-term solution to continues to offer an adequate response to the serious youth radicalization lies in building more inclusive, challenges faced by young populations, since it participatory and egalitarian societies. provides Member States with a blueprint for practical It is in this spirit that Morocco has for years guidelines for national action and international undertaken numerous commitments to young people, support. Furthermore, Portugal has continuously and particularly by giving pride of place to youth in consistently encouraged the participation of young the Constitution of Morocco, calling on the public delegates in international events related to youth. In our authorities to universalize the participation of young view, investing in policies and programmes to create people in the Kingdom’s socioeconomic, cultural and an enabling environment for young people to prosper, political development. We have adopted a quota for fulfil their potential, enjoy their human rights and young people in Parliament, launched an integrated engage as responsible social actors is a prerequisite for a national strategy for youth for 2015-2030, and created successful collective strategy against the dissemination a national institute for youth and democracy, a of violent extremism and for the maintenance of peace national youth documentation and information centre and security. and an advisory council for youth, as called for by the Constitution, and other training and integration The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the centres for young people. In Rabat, we have created floor to the representative of Morocco. the Union of Young African Parliamentarians, which Ms. Moutchou (Morocco) (spoke in French): fosters exchanges and cooperation among young At the outset, my delegation wishes to thank you, parliamentarians on the African continent. We have set Mr. President, for having organized this open debate on up a national initiative for human development, which, youth, peace and security. inter alia, focuses on the promotion of the well-being of all population groups, specifically young people. Today, a quarter of the world’s population is under the age of 24. This is the largest generation of young We commemorate Youth Day, an annual event that people the world has ever seen. They are therefore highlights royal solicitude and provides an opportunity decisive agents of social development and represent to appreciate the projects set up for young people and tremendous potential for sustainable development. The to take stock of the achievements and accomplishments United Nations proclaimed 1985 as the International made in the field of youth promotion. In March 2017, in Youth Year, thereby laying the foundations for the the context of implementing resolution 2250 (2015), we global consideration of youth-related issues. Ten held a national forum on young people facing violence, years later, the General Assembly adopted the World extremism and the promotion of peace and security, Programme of Action for Youth, which offered practical which was enshrined by the Bouznika appeal. guidelines to improve the situation of young people. For To conclude, allow me to emphasize the two its part, resolution 2250 (2015) recognized for the first following points. First, young people are often time the positive role played by young people in the a preferred target of extremist rhetoric, which is promotion of lasting peace, defining them as important anathema to coexistence and the culture of peace.

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The establishment of sustained dialogue among regard, intercultural dialogue is a tangible instrument young people on issues concerning youth, peace and for promoting respect for diversity, pluralism and security will allow them to strengthen their defences human rights among youth. against hate speech, radicalization and extremism. My country, with its tradition of tolerance and Secondly, youth empowerment and participation peaceful coexistence among ethnic communities and in public life are key factors in the construction and the three major religions, has successfully incorporated development of peaceful societies. This requires us to multiculturalism into State policy. Since the launch of seek new opportunities for the effective, structured and the Baku process in 2008, it has become a key global sustained participation of young people in all aspects of platform for dialogue between people. Since 2011, political, economic, social and cultural life, particularly the World Forum on Intercultural Dialogue has been through the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for organized biannually by Azerbaijan. This initiative Sustainable Development. is recognized by the Secretary-General as a global The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the platform for cross-cultural dialogue. floor to the representative of Azerbaijan. As the study points out, “peace and security are Ms. Mehdiyeva (Azerbaijan): Let me start by more than just the absence of violence” (S/2018/86, expressing our appreciation to the presidency of Peru para. 20). Engaging young people in meaningful and for organizing this important open debate on youth, transformative opportunities, supporting their personal peace and security. It offers a timely occasion to reflect, progress and recognizing their role as agents of positive ahead of tomorrow’s high-level event of the General change is crucial in order to help them develop strong Assembly on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, on values and principles. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable how best to involve youth in efforts towards that end. Development pledges to leave no one behind. Including We note the progress study (see S/2018/86) prepared in young people in all aspects of decision-making and response to resolution 2250 (2015), and look forward to fostering their participation in global processes will its full version. not only benefit the sustainable development of our societies, but will also give them a sense of purpose In conflict-stricken and fragile regions, young and identity. In this context, my country, Azerbaijan, people are frequently disproportionately affected by has successfully carried out policies that support youth violence, unemployment, lack of access to education empowerment and benefit their economic and social and medical and social services. Young migrants, integration. The National Youth Foundation and the refugees and internally displaced persons are often Ministry of Youth and Sports are the main State bodies trapped in conflict zones. Most of the casualties in responsible for the coordination and implementation of armed conflicts are young men, while young women youth policies. are at heightened risk of physical and sexual abuse. The negative stereotypes that depict young people We actively encourage and promote international as victims or perpetrators of conflict hinder their youth cooperation. In 2014, Azerbaijan hosted the first participation in peacebuilding processes. In this respect, Global Forum on Youth Policies, jointly convened by we firmly believe that young men and women should the Office of the United Nations Secretary-General’s be involved in the elaboration and implementation of Envoy on Youth, the United Nations Development youth policies, specifically those supporting youth Programme, UNESCO and the Council of Europe. The peacebuilding interventions. forum brought together over 700 participants from 165 countries and 115 Governments, thereby becoming the In the face of increasing global threats, prevention biggest conference ever to be held exclusively on youth is the most effective strategy to protect our societies policies. In 2017, the thirteenth World Scout Youth from armed conflicts and violent extremism. Only by Forum and the forty-first World Scout Conference tackling the underlying root causes can Governments were held in Azerbaijan under the theme “Together for prevent the spread of and eradicate these scourges. positive change”, with the participation of more than There is a strong need for soft strategies that identify 1,500 delegates from 151 national Scout organizations. and pre-emptively address radicalization and other factors that drive conflict. Young people are more Volunteering is another powerful tool for positive susceptible to adopting extremist ideologies. In this youth participation. By engaging youth in various

18-11894 83/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 large-scale international events, Azerbaijan has and treated as rights bearers. Their participation in provided the latter with many volunteer opportunities. peacebuilding processes cannot reach its full potential The ASAN Volunteers Organization, a branch of the without enabling them to be effective stakeholders State agency for Government services to citizens of in society. Azerbaijan, provides a venue for volunteers to prepare As Tunisians are only a few days away from for future careers and develop a sense of community completing a full cycle of democratic and free and social responsibility. elections for the first time by electing their municipal To conclude, let me reiterate that we are fully representatives, a focus on the role of young people in committed to supporting young people at both the this process has been reinforced. A system of youth national and international levels and to encouraging quotas was adopted in the electoral law, ensuring a youth engagement initiatives. direct and equitable participation of young people all The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the over the country. floor to the representative of Tunisia. Thirdly, we need to realize that the role of youth Mr. Khiari (Tunisia): Allow me at the outset in peace and security is a cross-cutting issue that goes to thank the Peruvian presidency for convening this beyond the political process. We need to uncover the important open debate on youth, peace and security. In root causes of the challenges faced by young people, a world where both conflict and young populations are mainly their economic and social situations. Sustaining growing, it is easy to fall into the negative narrative peace and security first requires the economic inclusion relating young people to the problem, perceiving them of young people in order to ensure their well-being as either the perpetrators or the victims of violence, and and livelihood. rarely as part of the solution. Finally, a focus on gender is key in order to allow However, this narrative is changing, as young people young women to play their full, effective role in are now considered the missing piece in achieving and promoting and maintaining peace and security. As the maintaining international peace and security. Since perception of identity develops mainly during youth, we 2011, this has been the case in Tunisia, where young need to shape the concept of gender among young people women and men decided to take matters into their own by promoting respect, equality and inclusiveness. It is hands and peacefully changed the course of history also important to provide young women with training in the country. The majority of young people around opportunities to take an active part in peacebuilding. the world still face challenges that keep them from With the adoption of a new law on eliminating violence reaching their full potential. Member States, United against women in July 2017, Tunisia is determined to Nations agencies and all relevant stakeholders need to achieve the goal of gender equality and to combat all cooperate and multiply their efforts in this regard. forms of discrimination against women, particularly young women and girls. First, it is our responsibility to create a conducive environment in which young women and men will With their energy, ability to adapt and innovative thrive. This can be done only by listening and minds, youth could be mobilized as mediators, understanding young people and their needs through community mobilizers, humanitarian workers and sustained mechanisms of interaction. Our focus should peacebuilders. Their capacities need to be nurtured and not be only on young people in conflict situations or on supported. Today’s open debate helps us to send a signal those who are already involved in peacebuilding. An to young people around the world that their voices inclusive representation of young people from different are heard and that their power as agents of change is backgrounds and in different circumstances is our tool recognized. Tunisia remains committed to continuing on the path towards conflict prevention. to work at the national, regional and international levels and with all relevant stakeholders — especially Secondly, the role of youth in realizing peace and youth — to advance their rights and ensure the security should not be considered without recognizing realization of their full capacity. the correlation between human rights and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Young women The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the and men must be, first and foremost, perceived floor to the representative of Bahrain.

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Mr. Alrowaiei (Bahrain) (spoke in Arabic): I and moderation in society drew up a future blueprint to thank you, Mr. President, for convening this important promote peace and fight terrorism. meeting on such a vital topic, shedding light on the The Kingdom of Bahrain realized the importance progress achieved since the adoption of resolution for Government organizations, private and public 2550 (2015), the first Security Council resolution to institutions, international organizations and individuals focus on youth in the context of peace, security and to participate in empowering youth. In cooperation sustainable development. with the United Nations Development Programme and I would like also to thank Ms. Jayathma the Economic and Social Council, it organized the King Wickramanayake, the Secretary-General’s Envoy Hamad Award to empower young people to achieve the on Youth; Mr. Graeme Simpson, lead author of the Sustainable Development Goals. This is the first award progress study on youth and peace and security of its kind in the region, aiming to incentivize sectors (see S/2018/86); and Ms. Sophia Pierre-Antoine, around the world to focus on youth and prioritize them Member of the Advisory Council of the World Young in national programmes of action. Women’s Christian Association, for their valuable The Kingdom of Bahrain has also launched briefings and for the progress study. We are thankful pioneering initiatives for youth around the world as for the progress achieved since the adoption of the a means of providing the necessary environments in aforementioned resolution. which to share ideas and shed light on their creative The Kingdom of Bahrain confirms the need initiatives. The Ministry for Youth and Sports Affairs to address the root causes of the exploitation and also launched the global Nasser Bin Hamad Youth recruitment of youth to serve terrorist and extremist Creativity Award, in which young people from over groups by empowering young people in all fields and 112 countries around the world participated. The award involving them in the development process in their focuses on the creative achievements of young people countries so as to use their potential in the service of in scientific and technological fields and promotes their their countries’ construction and development. participation in competitions. The Kingdom of Bahrain believes in the importance The progress study on youth, peace and security, of investing in youth. Our world has technological and contained in the letter from the Secretary-General, scientific assets that would allow young people to become refers to the fact that youth-led peace and security work active and productive in their countries, particularly as is noticeably innovative and resourceful in using art, this group accounts for 2 billion people — equivalent sport and media. I note that the Kingdom of Bahrain to one third of the world’s population. We therefore recently hosted the first Arab Conference on Sport, recognize the importance of the role that youth can play on the role of sport in achieving the Sustainable in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Development Goals in the Arab world. The Conference Goals so that we can live in a world in which justice, was organized by the Ministry of Youth and Sports tolerance and peace prevail. Affairs, in cooperation with the United Nations Development Programme in the Kingdom and the We note that national initiatives focusing on youth International Council for Health, Physical Education allow institutions to eliminate stereotypes that have and Sport, with emphasis on the role of sports as a long linked young people to violence and extremism. gateway to peace. At the national level, the Kingdom of Bahrain operationalized its national youth strategy in 2003, In this context, we would also like to mention and last year the Ministry of Youth and Sports Affairs that the increased use of social media by young organized a Youth Forum on Peacebuilding to promote people is positive. Societies have become more open the potential of Bahrain’s youth as peacemakers in the to each other and it has become easier to make new face of violence and terrorism. The Forum shed light on acquaintances and exchange ideas, concepts and the concept of world peace, debated that concept from experiences. Social media sites have become a bridge different perspectives and provided an opportunity to for dialogue on various topics and a tool allowing learn about the expertise and efforts of participating youths to participate freely in their countries and make States and international organizations in the field of their voices heard by officials in their own countries. It peacebuilding. It also promoted the culture of tolerance is therefore most necessary to preserve cyberspace as a

18-11894 85/86 S/PV.8241 Maintenance of international peace and security 23/04/2018 tool for the positive development of societies, and not to people to play their due role in achieving sustainable use it for destructive ideas. peace and security. We shall also continue to work with the international community to share our best practices In conclusion, the Kingdom of Bahrain will in this field. continue to pursue this approach in encouraging national and global initiatives in order to allow young The meeting rose at 6.30 p.m.

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