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Monitoring CO2 Emissions from New Passenger Cars and Vans in 2017

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Monitoring CO2 Emissions from New Passenger Cars and Vans in 2017 EEA Report No 15/2018 Monitoring CO2 emissions from new passenger cars and vans in 2017 ISSN 1977-8449 EEA Report No 15/2018 Monitoring CO2 emissions from new passenger cars and vans in 2017 Cover design: EEA Cover photo: Footprint of a Car, © Johannes Winger-Lang, Layout: EEA/Rosendahls Legal notice The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European Commission or other institutions of the European Union. Neither the European Environment Agency nor any person or company acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. Copyright notice © European Environment Agency, 2019 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019 ISBN 978-92-9480-002-2 ISSN 1977-8449 doi: 10.2800/74986 European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 1050 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel.: +45 33 36 71 00 Web: eea.europa.eu Enquiries: eea.europa.eu/enquiries Contents Contents Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 4 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 5 Data sources ................................................................................................................................ 6 Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 10 2 Recent developments in policy for road transport ......................................................... 11 3 New passenger cars ............................................................................................................ 13 3.1 Registrations ..........................................................................................................................13 3.2 Average CO2 emissions .........................................................................................................13 3.3 Vehicle technologies .............................................................................................................16 3.4 Overview of main technical parameters ............................................................................19 3.5 Average vehicle parameters per segment .........................................................................22 3.6 Distance to the 2017 target per manufacturer ..................................................................26 3.7 Effect of eco-innovation technologies on specific CO2 emissions ...................................31 3.8 Distance to the 2021 targets ................................................................................................32 4 Light commercial vehicles (vans) ...................................................................................... 36 4.1 Registrations ..........................................................................................................................36 4.3 Technical parameters: vehicles technologies, mass, engine capacity and power 38 4.4 Average CO2 emissions per manufacturer in 2017 ...........................................................39 4.5 Distance to the 2017 targets per manufacturer ................................................................42 4.6 Distance to the 2020 targets ................................................................................................42 5 Exploring the reasons for changes in total CO2 emissions from passenger cars 45 5.1 Trends in CO2 emissions from transport in the EU ...........................................................45 5.2 Main emission drivers ...........................................................................................................45 5.3 Technologies affecting CO2 emissions ................................................................................48 6 References ............................................................................................................................ 52 Annex 1 Monitoring system for passenger cars and vans ................................................ 54 Annex 2 Country statistics .................................................................................................... 62 Annex 3 Manufacturers' CO2 emission performance ........................................................ 67 Monitoring CO2 emissions from new passenger cars and vans in 2017 3 Abbreviations Abbreviations ACEA European Automobile Manufacturers' Association AFV Alternative fuel vehicle BDR Business Data Repository BEV Battery electric vehicle CDR Central Data Repository E85 Petrol containing 85 % ethanol EEA European Environment Agency ETC/ACM European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation FCEV Fuel cell electric vehicle GHG Greenhouse gas HDV Heavy-duty vehicle HEV Hybrid electric vehicle IVA Individual vehicle approval LPG Liquefied petroleum gas NEDC New European Driving Cycle NG Natural gas NOx Nitrogen oxides NSS National small series PHEV Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle PM Particulate matter SUV Sport utility vehicle VIN Vehicle identification number WLTP World Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure 4 Monitoring CO2 emissions from new passenger cars and vans in 2017 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the European Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM) are thanked for their Environment Agency (EEA). The author is Cinzia assistance, as are other EEA colleagues for their Pastorello (EEA). Diana Vedlugaitė, Luca Liberti, support during the process of preparing this report. Peter Christian Kjeld, Ricardo Fernandez (EEA) and the The ETC/ACM partner involved in the support for data European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate quality assurance was EMISIA. Monitoring CO2 emissions from new passenger cars and vans in 2017 5 Data sources Data sources Unless otherwise specified, the graphs and tables in • Monitoring of CO2 emissions from vans — this report are based on two data sets for which the Regulation (EU) 510/2011 https://www.eea.europa. EEA is responsible: eu/data-and-maps/data/vans-11 • Monitoring of CO2 emissions from passenger cars — Regulation (EC) No 443/2009: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/ co2-cars-emission-15 Disclaimer This report documents the latest official data submitted by Member States and vehicle manufacturers. The final CO2 performance for each manufacturer and pool is confirmed by a European Commission Decision. It is important to mention as well that, for both passenger cars and vans, the reported CO2 emissions are based upon measurements performed in the laboratory using a standard European vehicle test cycle. Such measurements may not reflect real-world driving performance. Country groupings Throughout this report, the following abbreviations are used to refer to specific country groupings: • EU-13: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia; • EU-15: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom; • EU-27: EU-28, excluding Croatia; • EU-28: EU-15 and EU-13. 6 Monitoring CO2 emissions from new passenger cars and vans in 2017 Executive summary Executive summary This report provides a summary of CO2 emission levels Since 2013, the average emissions of new light of new passenger cars and vans in the European Union commercial vehicles have been below the 2017 target in 2017. It is based on data reported by Member States of 175 gCO2/km. The average van registered in the EU to the European Environment Agency (EEA) and verified in 2017 emitted 156.1 gCO2/km, which is 7.5 gCO2/km by manufacturers (1). The report provides an overview less than in 2016. This reduction brings the EU average of the performance of car and van manufacturers emissions 11 % below the 2017 target of 175 gCO2/km towards their 2017 CO2 emission targets. and only 6 % above the 2020 target. Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 (EU, 2009) for passenger Average CO2 emissions from new cars have decreased cars set the average CO2 emissions for new passenger by more than 15 % since 2010, while the emissions cars at 130 gCO2/km by 2015, while Regulation (EU) of new vans have decreased by more than 13 % No 510/2011 (EU, 2011) for light commercial vehicles since 2012. For new vans, average CO2 emissions could set the average CO2 emissions for new light commercial continue decreasing at a similar pace to meet their vehicles at 175 gCO2/km by 2017. Stricter targets EU 2021 targets (Figure ES. 1). will apply under these regulations from 2020 (vans) and 2021 (cars). The difference between provisional average specific emission data, reported by Member States in Since 2013 for cars and 2014 for vans, a binding February 2018 and final average specific emission specific emission target has been calculated for each data, which considered error notifications reported by manufacturer based on a limit value curve according manufacturers by the end of May 2018, was insignificant to the average mass of the new vehicles registered by (< 0.1 gCO2/km for cars and 0.1 gCO2/km for vans). that
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