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2007 Spring No Phones Long Island Botanical Society Vol. 17 No. 2 The Quarterly Newsletter Spring 2007 Ten Least Wanted Scott A. Kishbaugh, P.E. NYSDEC Division of Water Long Island is blessed with a surprisingly large few characteristics—some grow in very deep water number of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, many of which rather than in sluggish shallows, some reproduce by rhi- enjoy a wide diversity of aquatic plants. Unfortunately, zomes rather than seeds, and some are new exotics as in most other parts of the state, Long Island faces rather than naturalized invaders—all have or could reap significant ecological threats from invasive exotic spe- significant ecological havoc on the lakes, ponds, and cies. While terrestrial invaders such as phragmites and streams of Long Island. The list does not include Hy- purple loosestrife may be more conspicuous, aquatic drilla verticillatum (hydrilla), a very aggressive exotic plant invaders can also recently found be substantial and in many New pervasive from England states, Montauk to the but not yet any- New York City. where in New For many York State. It is years, many Long likely that this Island lakes and plant resides ponds fit comforta- somewhere in bly into one of two the state. camps in regards to It is z = One or More Invasive Aquatic exotic aquatic Plant Species (Table 1) clear that the plants: those with S = No Invasive Aquatic Plant distribution of well-established Species Located (Table 2) these plants may populations of be more wide- naturalized exotic Long Island locations surveyed for aquatic invasive plant species. spread than re- plants, such as ported here, Cabomba caroliniana (fanwort) or Egeria densa (Brazilian given the large number of unsurveyed bodies of waters elodea), and those populated entirely by native plants. on the Island. This has changed in recent years, with the recent intro- The NYSDEC, the Nature Conservancy of Long duction of Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil) Island, the Long Island Botanical Society, and many and Trapa natans (water chestnut) to Long Island, and other partners are working together to improve surveil- with the spread of new or “lesser” invaders to otherwise lance networks and exotic plant distribution maps, and, pristine regions of the Island. An example of the latter more importantly, to help stem the tide of invasive is the recent discovery of Myriophyllum heterophyllum plant introductions. Each of these organizations can be (variable watermilfoil) in Long Pond in the Greenbelt, contacted if a suspicious plant is found; a good starting which encompasses remote coastal plain ponds thought point is the NYSDEC Division of Water, via e-mail at to be less susceptible to exotic invaders. [email protected], or by phone 518-402- This article highlights the 10 most important 8282. aquatic invasive plant species in New York State and Long Island. While these plants often share surprisingly (Continued on page 11) Page 10 Long Island Botanical Society Vol. 17 No. 2 Long Island Society News Botanical Society Founded: 1986 Charter LIBS members Jane and Skip Blanchard are soon retiring to Incorporated: 1989 Florida. A farewell dinner for them will precede the May 8 meeting. We will meet at 5:30 p.m. at The Milleridge Inn, 585 North Broadway, in Jeri- The Long Island Botanical Society is dedi- cho. RSVP to Rich Kelly by May 1. cated to the promotion of field botany and • a greater understanding of the plants that Carol Johnston presented a Treasurer’s Report for 2006. Total Income = grow wild on Long Island, New York. $20,523.74 (including $6,100.00 in contributions). Total Expenses = $19,869.34. Net Gain = $654.40. Closing balance as of December 31, Visit the Society’s Web site 2006 = $16,998.37. Note that Income & Expenses were much higher www.libotanical.org than normal due to the trip to Newfoundland. Executive Board • President Al Lindberg reported on the status of the “Muttontown Preserve Master Eric Lamont Plan,” to be used as a model for other Nassau County preserves. LIBS Vice President has agreed to become a “stakeholder” and partner in the preparation of Skip Blanchard the Master Plan. The study will be funded through the Environmental Bond Act and will address concerns such as trail systems, management of Treasurer invasives, etc. Carol Johnston • Recording Secretary The New York Times reported on the death and removal of the 550- Barbara Conolly year-old black oak tree on Lloyd Harbor. The big oak was listed on the Corresponding Secretary National Register for Historic Trees as “the oldest and at one time the John Potente largest black oak in North America.” It fell during a storm in early Sep- tember 2006. Committee Chairpersons • Local Flora On January 17, the Council on Environmental Quality met and delivered Steven Clemants its final review on Suffolk County's proposed Long Term Plan on Mos- Programs quito Management (see LIBS Newsletter Vol. 17 No. 1). As reported in Rich Kelly the New York Times: “In an unusual move, a Suffolk County advisory Membership panel has recommended major changes in a proposed county plan for Lois Lindberg controlling mosquitoes. The 10-member Council on Environmental Conservation Quality, which under the county charter advises lawmakers on environ- Andrew Greller mental issues, has a record of approving plans it reviews. In a turn- around, led by LIBS member John E. Potente, a majority of the council Education agreed that Methoprene, which prevents larvae from maturing into adult Mary Laura Lamont mosquitoes, could harm wetlands and marine life. In a series of recom- Hospitality mendations, the council also formally rejected excavating ponds and tidal Jane Blanchard channels in wetlands to control mosquitoes.” On March 20, 2007, the Zu Proly Suffolk County Legislature ignored the recommendations of the commit- Dorothy Titus tee and voted to approve the plan. Newsletter Editor Margaret Conover Plant Sightings David Taft reported via e-mail that he had visited the Flanders site Newsletter Layout & Design shortly after Eric and Mary Laura Lamont reported that no autumn coral- William Krol root (Coralorhiza odontorhiza) orchids had emerged in early November Webmaster 2006. David reported observing a few flowering individuals of this rare Donald House orchid. [email protected] • Dave also located 10 leaves of cranefly orchid (Tipularia discolor) in Moore’s Wood on Mach 10. • Peter Warny reported Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) from the Pe- conic River just east of the canoe launch on Connecticut Avenue. Long Island Botanical Society Vol. 17 No. 2 Page 11 (Continued from page 9) 1938 biological survey of the fresh waters of Long Is- land, it was reported as naturalized and persistent in Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil) Milburn Pond, the outlet of Belmont Lake, the Ponds at Myriophyllum spicatum is a submerged, perennial Wading River, and in many of the ponds in the Peconic dicot that is among the most invasive submergent River system above Riverhead. Recent Long Island aquatic plant species in much of the northern portion of aquatic plant surveys found it growing sporadically in the United States. It is a generalist invader, growing co- the Peconic River system and in two ponds in eastern piously in shallow and deep water over the full range of Nassau County. The presence of parrotfeather in the trophic states and sediment types found throughout the wild in New York State is largely limited to Long Island. Torrey range. Myriophyllum spicatum gains a competitive advantage over native plants by growing rapidly in water Trapa natans (Eurasian water chestnut) colder than 10ºC, reproducing by fragments, including Trapa natans is a floating leaf, perennial dicot con- those created through late summer auto-fragmentation sidered to be an aggressive, invasive species throughout (bearing adventitious roots), and by forming dense sur- New England and the mid-Atlantic region. It is the only face canopies that shade low-lying plants. It is character- submergent plant for which the “plant(ing), transport, ized by whorls of three to six pinnate leaves with 12 or transplant, or traffic(king)” of the plants, seeds, or nuts more filaments on each side of the leaf, reddish to pink is outlawed in New York, as per the state Environ- flowers found on an emergent spike in late summer, tan mental Conservation Law. Water chestnut grows in to pink stems, reddish growing tips on the near-surface sluggish waters of rivers and ponded waters. It is char- leaves, and especially blunt leaf tips. acterized by a rosetta of triangular, serrated floating The origin of Eurasian watermilfoil in the north- leaves, inflated petioles, and a nutlike four-pronged fruit eastern United States cannot be pinpointed with any with strong, barbed spines. certainty. The first confirmed collection came from a Water chestnut first colonized North America Maryland pond in the early 1940s. It is likely that the just north of the Torrey range; there remains some de- plant was introduced into the Finger Lakes region in the bate within the botanical community whether the pio- 1940s, and spread radially by boat traffic, water fowl, neering ornamental introduction can be traced to Sand- and water flow, probably most often along the Erie Ca- ers (now Collins) Lake in Scotia, New York or to a Har- nal. Over the last 60 years, M. spicatum has spread to vard herbarium garden outside of Boston circa 1880. nearly all of the 62 counties in New York State, with the Trapa natans was first discovered in Long Island in Mill interior Adirondacks and Long Island the only regions Pond (village of Wantagh, Nassau County) in late sum- in New York State not colonized by the end of the 20th mer of 2004 as part of a routine water quality monitor- century.
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