Pfc/Rr-83-35 Doe/Et/51013-109 Introduction to Tandem Mirror Physics
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Analysis of Plasma Instabilities and Verification of the BOUT Code for The
Analysis of plasma instabilities and verification of the BOUT code for the Large Plasma Device P. Popovich,1 M.V. Umansky,2 T.A. Carter,1, a) and B. Friedman1 1)Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547 2)Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA (Dated: 8 August 2018) The properties of linear instabilities in the Large Plasma Device [W. Gekelman et al., Rev. Sci. Inst., 62, 2875 (1991)] are studied both through analytic calculations and solving numerically a system of linearized collisional plasma fluid equations using the 3D fluid code BOUT [M. Umansky et al., Contrib. Plasma Phys. 180, 887 (2009)], which has been successfully modified to treat cylindrical geometry. Instability drive from plasma pressure gradients and flows is considered, focusing on resistive drift waves, the Kelvin-Helmholtz and rotational interchange instabilities. A general linear dispersion relation for partially ionized collisional plasmas including these modes is derived and analyzed. For LAPD relevant profiles including strongly driven flows it is found that all three modes can have comparable growth rates and frequencies. Detailed comparison with solutions of the analytic dispersion relation demonstrates that BOUT accurately reproduces all characteristics of linear modes in this system. PACS numbers: 52.30.Ex, 52.35.Fp, 52.35.Kt, 52.35.Lv, 52.65.Kj arXiv:1004.4674v4 [physics.plasm-ph] 26 Jan 2011 a)Electronic mail: [email protected] 1 I. INTRODUCTION Understanding complex nonlinear phenomena in magnetized plasmas increasingly relies on the use of numerical simulation as an enabling tool. -
Thermonuclear AB-Reactors for Aerospace
1 Article Micro Thermonuclear Reactor after Ct 9 18 06 AIAA-2006-8104 Micro -Thermonuclear AB-Reactors for Aerospace* Alexander Bolonkin C&R, 1310 Avenue R, #F-6, Brooklyn, NY 11229, USA T/F 718-339-4563, [email protected], [email protected], http://Bolonkin.narod.ru Abstract About fifty years ago, scientists conducted R&D of a thermonuclear reactor that promises a true revolution in the energy industry and, especially, in aerospace. Using such a reactor, aircraft could undertake flights of very long distance and for extended periods and that, of course, decreases a significant cost of aerial transportation, allowing the saving of ever-more expensive imported oil-based fuels. (As of mid-2006, the USA’s DoD has a program to make aircraft fuel from domestic natural gas sources.) The temperature and pressure required for any particular fuel to fuse is known as the Lawson criterion L. Lawson criterion relates to plasma production temperature, plasma density and time. The thermonuclear reaction is realised when L > 1014. There are two main methods of nuclear fusion: inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and magnetic confinement fusion (MCF). Existing thermonuclear reactors are very complex, expensive, large, and heavy. They cannot achieve the Lawson criterion. The author offers several innovations that he first suggested publicly early in 1983 for the AB multi- reflex engine, space propulsion, getting energy from plasma, etc. (see: A. Bolonkin, Non-Rocket Space Launch and Flight, Elsevier, London, 2006, Chapters 12, 3A). It is the micro-thermonuclear AB- Reactors. That is new micro-thermonuclear reactor with very small fuel pellet that uses plasma confinement generated by multi-reflection of laser beam or its own magnetic field. -
Shear Flow-Interchange Instability in Nightside Magnetotail Causes Auroral Beads As a Signature of Substorm Onset
manuscript submitted to JGR: Space Physics Shear flow-interchange instability in nightside magnetotail causes auroral beads as a signature of substorm onset Jason Derr1, Wendell Horton1, Richard Wolf2 1Institute for Fusion Studies and Applied Research Laboratories, University of Texas at Austin 2Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University Key Points: • A wedge model is extended to obtain a MHD magnetospheric wave equation for the near-Earth magnetotail, including velocity shear effects. • Shear flow-interchange instability to replace shear flow-ballooning and interchange in- stabilities as substorm onset cause. • WKB applicability conditions suggest nonlinear analysis is necessary and yields spatial scale of most unstable mode’s variations. arXiv:1904.11056v1 [physics.space-ph] 24 Apr 2019 Corresponding author: Jason Derr, [email protected] –1– manuscript submitted to JGR: Space Physics Abstract A geometric wedge model of the near-earth nightside plasma sheet is used to derive a wave equation for low frequency shear flow-interchange waves which transmit E~ × B~ sheared zonal flows along magnetic flux tubes towards the ionosphere. Discrepancies with the wave equation result used in Kalmoni et al. (2015) for shear flow-ballooning instability are dis- cussed. The shear flow-interchange instability appears to be responsible for substorm onset. The wedge wave equation is used to compute rough expressions for dispersion relations and local growth rates in the midnight region of the nightside magnetotail where the instability develops, forming the auroral beads characteristic of geomagnetic substorm onset. Stability analysis for the shear flow-interchange modes demonstrates that nonlinear analysis is neces- sary for quantitatively accurate results and determines the spatial scale on which the instability varies. -
Stability Study of the Cylindrical Tokamak--Thomas Scaffidi(2011)
Ecole´ normale sup erieure´ Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Stage long de recherche, FIP M1 Second semestre 2010-2011 Stability study of the cylindrical tokamak Etude´ de stabilit´edu tokamak cylindrique Author: Supervisor: Thomas Scaffidi Prof. Stephen C. Jardin Abstract Une des instabilit´es les plus probl´ematiques dans les plasmas de tokamak est appel´ee tearing mode . Elle est g´en´er´ee par les gradients de courant et de pression et implique une reconfiguration du champ magn´etique et du champ de vitesse localis´ee dans une fine r´egion autour d’une surface magn´etique r´esonante. Alors que les lignes de champ magn´etique sont `al’´equilibre situ´ees sur des surfaces toriques concentriques, l’instabilit´econduit `ala formation d’ˆıles magn´etiques dans lesquelles les lignes de champ passent d’un tube de flux `al’autre, rendant possible un trans- port thermique radial important et donc cr´eant une perte de confinement. Pour qu’il puisse y avoir une reconfiguration du champ magn´etique, il faut inclure la r´esistivit´edu plasma dans le mod`ele, et nous r´esolvons donc les ´equations de la magn´etohydrodynamique (MHD) r´esistive. On s’int´eresse `ala stabilit´ede configurations d’´equilibre vis-`a-vis de ces instabilit´es dans un syst`eme `ala g´eom´etrie simplifi´ee appel´ele tokamak cylindrique. L’´etude est `ala fois analytique et num´erique. La solution analytique est r´ealis´ee par une m´ethode de type “couche limite” qui tire profit de l’´etroitesse de la zone o`ula reconfiguration a lieu. -
Formation of Hot, Stable, Long-Lived Field-Reversed Configuration Plasmas on the C-2W Device
IOP Nuclear Fusion International Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Fusion Nucl. Fusion Nucl. Fusion 59 (2019) 112009 (16pp) https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab0be9 59 Formation of hot, stable, long-lived 2019 field-reversed configuration plasmas © 2019 IAEA, Vienna on the C-2W device NUFUAU H. Gota1 , M.W. Binderbauer1 , T. Tajima1, S. Putvinski1, M. Tuszewski1, 1 1 1 1 112009 B.H. Deng , S.A. Dettrick , D.K. Gupta , S. Korepanov , R.M. Magee1 , T. Roche1 , J.A. Romero1 , A. Smirnov1, V. Sokolov1, Y. Song1, L.C. Steinhauer1 , M.C. Thompson1 , E. Trask1 , A.D. Van H. Gota et al Drie1, X. Yang1, P. Yushmanov1, K. Zhai1 , I. Allfrey1, R. Andow1, E. Barraza1, M. Beall1 , N.G. Bolte1 , E. Bomgardner1, F. Ceccherini1, A. Chirumamilla1, R. Clary1, T. DeHaas1, J.D. Douglass1, A.M. DuBois1 , A. Dunaevsky1, D. Fallah1, P. Feng1, C. Finucane1, D.P. Fulton1, L. Galeotti1, K. Galvin1, E.M. Granstedt1 , M.E. Griswold1, U. Guerrero1, S. Gupta1, Printed in the UK K. Hubbard1, I. Isakov1, J.S. Kinley1, A. Korepanov1, S. Krause1, C.K. Lau1 , H. Leinweber1, J. Leuenberger1, D. Lieurance1, M. Madrid1, NF D. Madura1, T. Matsumoto1, V. Matvienko1, M. Meekins1, R. Mendoza1, R. Michel1, Y. Mok1, M. Morehouse1, M. Nations1 , A. Necas1, 1 1 1 1 1 10.1088/1741-4326/ab0be9 M. Onofri , D. Osin , A. Ottaviano , E. Parke , T.M. Schindler , J.H. Schroeder1, L. Sevier1, D. Sheftman1 , A. Sibley1, M. Signorelli1, R.J. Smith1 , M. Slepchenkov1, G. Snitchler1, J.B. Titus1, J. Ufnal1, Paper T. Valentine1, W. Waggoner1, J.K. Walters1, C. -
1. Introduction 2. the ROSE Code
M. Drevlak et al. New results in stellarator optimisation M. Drevlak , C. D. Beidler, J. Geiger, P. Helander, S. Henneberg, C. N¨uhrenberg, Y. Turkin Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany Email: [email protected] Abstract The ROSE code was written for the optimisation of stellarator equilibria. It uses VMEC for the equilibrium calculation and several different optimising algorithms for adjusting the boundary coefficients of the plasma. Some of the most important capabilities include optimisation for simple coils, the ability to simultaneously optimise vacuum and finite beta field, direct analysis of particle drift orbits and direct shaping of the magnetic field structure. ROSE was used to optimise quasi- isodynamic, quasi-axially symmetric and quasi-helically symmetric stellarator configurations. 1. Introduction The performance of stellarators, characterised by properties related to MHD stability, confinement of fast particles, neoclassical and anomalous transport and engineering complexity, is known to depend strongly on the underlying equilibrium configuration. While the first fully optimised stellarators, HSX and Wendelstein 7-X, have entered operation, new stellarator designs are being considered. In particular, a possible stellarator reactor needs to be optimised beyond the optimisation level achieved for these devices. A strong need for progress has been identified in the confinement of fast particles significantly away from the magnetic axis. At the same time, coil complexity must not exceed the limits of feasibility. 2. The ROSE Code The ROSE [1] code was written for the optimi- VMEC Equilibrium field sation of stellarator equilibria. Like other tools Brents algorithm created for the optimisation of stellarator equilib- Parallel Line−Search VM2MAG B spectrum ria [2] [3], it uses VMEC [4] for the equilibrium Genetic Optimisation mn calculation and several different optimising algo- Harmony Search SURFGEN, Coil complexity rithms for adjusting the coefficients of the bound- Particle Swarm NESCOIL ary shape of the plasma. -
1 Looking Back at Half a Century of Fusion Research Association Euratom-CEA, Centre De
Looking Back at Half a Century of Fusion Research P. STOTT Association Euratom-CEA, Centre de Cadarache, 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France. This article gives a short overview of the origins of nuclear fusion and of its development as a potential source of terrestrial energy. 1 Introduction A hundred years ago, at the dawn of the twentieth century, physicists did not understand the source of the Sun‘s energy. Although classical physics had made major advances during the nineteenth century and many people thought that there was little of the physical sciences left to be discovered, they could not explain how the Sun could continue to radiate energy, apparently indefinitely. The law of energy conservation required that there must be an internal energy source equal to that radiated from the Sun‘s surface but the only substantial sources of energy known at that time were wood or coal. The mass of the Sun and the rate at which it radiated energy were known and it was easy to show that if the Sun had started off as a solid lump of coal it would have burnt out in a few thousand years. It was clear that this was much too shortœœthe Sun had to be older than the Earth and, although there was much controversy about the age of the Earth, it was clear that it had to be older than a few thousand years. The realization that the source of energy in the Sun and stars is due to nuclear fusion followed three main steps in the development of science. -
Interchange Instability and Transport in Matter-Antimatter Plasmas
WPEDU-PR(18) 20325 A Kendl et al. Interchange Instability and Transport in Matter-Antimatter Plasmas. Preprint of Paper to be submitted for publication in Physical Review Letters This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Con- sortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training pro- gramme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. This document is intended for publication in the open literature. It is made available on the clear under- standing that it may not be further circulated and extracts or references may not be published prior to publication of the original when applicable, or without the consent of the Publications Officer, EUROfu- sion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK or e-mail Publications.Offi[email protected] Enquiries about Copyright and reproduction should be addressed to the Publications Officer, EUROfu- sion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK or e-mail Publications.Offi[email protected] The contents of this preprint and all other EUROfusion Preprints, Reports and Conference Papers are available to view online free at http://www.euro-fusionscipub.org. This site has full search facilities and e-mail alert options. In the JET specific papers the diagrams contained within the PDFs on this site are hyperlinked Interchange instability and transport in matter-antimatter plasmas Alexander Kendl, Gregor Danler, Matthias Wiesenberger, Markus Held Institut f¨ur Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universit¨at Innsbruck, Technikerstr. -
Nuclear Weapons Databook
Nuclear Weapons Databook Volume I11 U.S. Nuclear Warhead Facility Profiles Nuclear Weapons Databook Volume I11 U.S. Nuclear Warhead Facility Profiles Thomas B. Cochran, William M. Arkin, Robert S. Morris, and Milton M. Hoenig A book by the Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. BALUNGER PUBLISHING COMPANY Cambridge, Massachusetts A Subsidiary of Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. Copyright a 1987 by the Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the publisher. International Standard Book Number: 0-88730-126-6 (CL) 0-88730-146-0 (PB) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 82-24376 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress CataloGng-iii-PublicationData U.S. nuclear warhead facility profiles. (Nuclear weapons databook ;v. 3) "A book by the Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc." Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Nuclear weapons-United States. 2. Munitions-United States. I. Cochran, Thomas B. 11. Natural Resources Defense Council. 111. Title: US nuclear warhead facility profiles. IV. Title: United States nuclear warhead facility profiles. V. Series: Cochran, Thomas B. Nuclear weapons databook ;v. 3. U264.C6 1984 vol. 3 355.8'25119'0973 87-14552 [U264] ISBN 0-88410-172-X (v. 1) ISBN 0-88410-173-8 (pbk. : v. 1) ISBN 0-88730-124-X (v. 2) ISBN 0-88730-125-8 (pbk. : v. 2) ISBN 0-88730-126-6 (v. 3) ISBN 0-88730-146-0 (pbk. -
Dynamics of the J Avian Magnetosphere
25 Dynamics of the J avian Magnetosphere N. Krupp, V. M. Vasyliunas, J. Woch, A. Lagg Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau K. K. Khurana, M. G. Kivelson IGPP and Dept. Earth & Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles B. H. Mauk, E. C. Roelof, D. J. Williams, S. M. Krimigis The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory W. S. Kurth, L. A. Frank, W. R. Paterson Dept. of Physics & As.tronomy, University of Iowa 25.1 INTRODUCTION around Jupiter for almost 8 years (1995-2003), Galileo has collected in situ data of the jovian system over an extended Understanding the dynamic processes in the largest magne duration and has for the first time made possible the study tosphere of our solar system is one of the outstanding goals of Jupiter on timescales of weeks, months, and even years, of magnetospheric physics. These processes are associated using the same instrumentation. New regions of the jovian with temporal and/ or spatial variations of the global config magnetosphere have been explored, especially the jovian uration. Their timescales range from several tens of minutes magnetotail which was not visited by any of the previous to sizeable fractions of the planetary rotation period to long spacecraft (except, to a very minor extent, by Voyager 2). term variations which take several days to develop. They oc Additional inputs have become available from ground-based cur on both local and global spatial scales, out to dimensions and Earth-orbit-based measurements and from advanced representing a large fraction of the magnetosphere. global magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the jo Early indications of a "living", varying jovian magneto vian magnetosphere. -
Stellarator and Tokamak Plasmas: a Comparison
Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Stellarator and tokamak plasmas: a comparison This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2012 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 54 124009 (http://iopscience.iop.org/0741-3335/54/12/124009) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 130.183.100.97 The article was downloaded on 22/11/2012 at 08:08 Please note that terms and conditions apply. IOP PUBLISHING PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 54 (2012) 124009 (12pp) doi:10.1088/0741-3335/54/12/124009 Stellarator and tokamak plasmas: a comparison P Helander, C D Beidler, T M Bird, M Drevlak, Y Feng, R Hatzky, F Jenko, R Kleiber,JHEProll, Yu Turkin and P Xanthopoulos Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany Received 22 June 2012, in final form 30 August 2012 Published 21 November 2012 Online at stacks.iop.org/PPCF/54/124009 Abstract An overview is given of physics differences between stellarators and tokamaks, including magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium, stability, fast-ion physics, plasma rotation, neoclassical and turbulent transport and edge physics. Regarding microinstabilities, it is shown that the ordinary, collisionless trapped-electron mode is stable in large parts of parameter space in stellarators that have been designed so that the parallel adiabatic invariant decreases with radius. Also, the first global, electromagnetic, gyrokinetic stability calculations performed for Wendelstein 7-X suggest that kinetic ballooning modes are more stable than in a typical tokamak. -
Simulation of a High Speed Counting System for Sic Neutron
Transactions of the Korean Nuclear Society Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 17-18, 2018 Analysis of Technical Issues for Development of Fusion-Fission Hybrid Reactor (FFHR) Doo-Hee Chang Nuclear Fusion Technology Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea *Corresponding author: [email protected] 1. Introduction • ~100 tokamaks in the worldwide since 1957 • Physics performance parameters achieved at or near The nuclear fission reactors remain public concerns lower limit of reactor relevance about the safety, waste and decommissioning • Large, world‐wide physics and technology (afterwards) that they produce. The most optimistic programs supporting ITER (initial operation in assessment predicts that fusion technology will not be 2025, but possible delay again) able to produce electricity on a commercial scale for at • ITER will achieve reactor‐relevant physics and least another four decades. There is a third nuclear technology parameters simultaneously, produce option led to a resurgence of interest, which combines 500 MWth and investigate very long‐pulse the aspects of fission and fusion technologies in the operation form of the fusion-fission hybrid reactor (FFHR) [1]. An (b) Many other confinement concepts (e.g. mirror, FFHR is a fusion reactor surrounded by a fission bumpy torus) have fallen by the wayside or remain blanket, containing the thorium, uranium, and on the backburner transuranic (TRU) elements, to increase output power, (c) A few other confinement concepts (e.g. stellarator, to breed