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Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs (2018) THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/25232 SHARE Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs (2018) DETAILS 254 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-48336-0 | DOI 10.17226/25232 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams; Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine FIND RELATED TITLES SUGGESTED CITATION National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2018. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25232. Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs PREPUBLICATION COPY Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology Division of Earth and Life Studies This prepublication version of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs has been provided to the public to facilitate timely access to the report. Although the substance of the report is final, editorial changes may be made throughout the text and citations will be checked prior to publication. The final report will be available through the National Academies Press early, 2019. A Consensus Study Report of Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by Contract No. DE-DT001236, DE-SC0017935, and DE-EP0000026 with the U.S Department of Energy and Shell. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: International Standard Book Number-10: Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25232 Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2018 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25232 PREPUBLICATION COPY Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. PREPUBLICATION COPY Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task. Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies. For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo. PREPUBLICATION COPY Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs COMMITTEE ON DEVELOPING A RESEARCH AGENDA FOR UTILIZATION OF GASEOUS CARBON WASTE STREAMS Members DAVID T. ALLEN, NAE, University of Texas, Austin MARK A. BARTEAU, NAE, Texas A&M University MICHAEL BURKART, University of California, San Diego JENNIFER DUNN, Northwestern University and Argonne National Laboratory ANNE M. GAFFNEY, Idaho National Laboratory RAGHUBIR GUPTA, Susteon, Inc. NILAY HAZARI, Yale University MATTHEW KANAN, Stanford University PAUL KENIS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign HOWARD KLEE, World Business Council for Sustainable Development (retired) GAURAV N. SANT, University of California, Los Angeles CATHY L. TWAY, The Dow Chemical Company Staff DAVID M. ALLEN, Sr. Program Officer CAMLY TRAN, Sr. Program Officer ELIZABETH ZEITLER, Sr. Program Officer TERESA FRYBERGER, BCST Director ANNA SBEREGAEVA, Associate Program Officer ERIN MARKOVICH, Sr. Program Assistant/Research Assistant PREPUBLICATION COPY v Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs BOARD ON CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Co-Chairs DAVID BEM, PPG Industries JOAN BRENNECKE, NAE, University of Texas, Austin Members GERARD BAILLELY, Procter and Gamble MARK A. BARTEAU, NAE, Texas A&M MICHELLE V. BUCHANAN, Oak Ridge National Laboratory JENNIFER SINCLAIR CURTIS, University of California, Davis RICHARD EISENBERG, NAS, University of Rochester SAMUEL H. GELLMAN, NAS, University of Wisconsin–Madison SHARON C. GLOTZER, NAS, University of Michigan MIRIAM E. JOHN, Sandia National Laboratories (retired) ALAN D. PALKOWITZ, Eli Lilly and Company (retired) JOSEPH B. POWELL, Shell PETER J. ROSSKY, NAS, Rice University RICHMOND SARPONG, University of California, Berkeley TIMOTHY SWAGER, NAS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Staff TERESA FRYBERGER, Board Director MARILEE SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer CAMLY TRAN, Senior Program Officer ANNA SBEREGAEVA, Associate Program Officer JARRETT I. NGUYEN, Senior Program Assistant JESSICA WOLFMAN, Senior Program Assistant SHUBHA BANSKOTA, Financial Associate PREPUBLICATION COPY vi Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs Preface Global emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, caused by human activities, are now in excess of 35,000 teragrams (tg) per year, or roughly 5 tons per person per year. In countries with advanced economies, like the United States, emissions per capita are larger, in excess of 15 tons per person per year. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, to levels that are consistent with limiting the extent of global warming to less than a 2°C increase over pre-industrial temperatures, will require a variety of approaches. Some approaches, such as expanding the use of energy sources that have low greenhouse gas emissions, will prevent emissions. Other approaches involve capturing greenhouse gas emissions; however, capturing and permanently sequestering gigatons of waste gas per year is technically challenging and imposes costs. An alternative to sequestration is to find a productive use for captured greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide and
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