Hand-rearing T he tremendous worldwide technological In 1977 Brookfield Zoo expanding its and social changes of the past one hundred Techniques collection by acquiring a group of six years have placed unbearable pressures on Hadada , Hagedashia hagedash. In our planet's wildlife. The growing list of for appearance the Hadada is a medium-sized extinct and vanishing leaves the ibis with grey-brown body plumage. The serious aviculturalist with no choice. Suc­ IBI~ wing coverts are an iridescent green and it cessful and sustainable captive reproduc­ bears a white streak on each cheek. The tion seems undeniably necessary for the by Ralph M. Piland Hadada is primarily a of open forest long-term survival of many forms. Assistant Lead Keeper and savannah. Its range seems to be At Brookfield Zoo we regard hand-rearing and limited particularly to wooded streams as one of many tools to be utilized in the Dennis S. Decourcey and watercourses, although it has been quest for successful captive propagation Superintendent of observed in coastal mangrove swamps. programs. Hand-rearing has been utilized Chicago Zoological Society Geographically its prime occurrence is to achieve two distinct and specific goals. Brookfield, Illinois along the southeastern portion of Africa, First, among species known to be indeter­ but it crosses the continent equatorially to minate layers, eggs may be removed from mythology with wisdom and fertility, is the west coast. Despite the fact that the the nest inducing the female to produce now extinct within Egypt - a victim of Hadada occurs commonly throughout its greater than normal quantities of eggs. . In a paper presented range, it has seldom been kept or exhibited Successful hand-rearing techniques will before the Colonial Waterbird Group, Dr. in zoological gardens. In 1978 Brookfield thereby increase that species' reproductive George Archibald and Dr. Sharon Lantis Zoo became the first institution to have success. Secondly, given instances of of the International Crane Foundation this species successfully reproduce. abandoned nests or high neo-natal mor­ report that, "Today the (Japanese) crested It has been our experience that captive tality, successful hand-rearing techniques ibis is perhaps the world's most en­ ibis reproduction is prone to the same may be used to increase a species' dangered avian species with but eight sur­ prime nestling mortality factors attributed reproductive success. Increased captive vivors remaining in the wild in Japan, two to wild populations. Skead (1951) and reproduction for the broadest possible in South , and an undetermined Raseroka (1975) report that spectrum of avian species must be the final number (if any) in , North Korea, young apparently often fall to their death goal. In that vein we would to com­ and the USSR. The Japanese population from rudely constructed nests. Urban municate preliminary results from our has not reproduced since 1973." Clearly (1974) attributes nest falls as a mortality hand-rearings of two related species. there is a need for effective captive pro­ factor in selected Sacred Ibis populations, The family - the pagation and avicultural expertise for this with nest abandonment playing a prime and - has long captured avian group. role in populations not nesting in high the interest and imagination of man. Ar­ Although the world of is re­ trees. Predation was not reported as a tistic renderings depicting the distinctive nowned for its disagreements and revolu­ significant nestling mortality factor. Ibises bill shapes characteristic of this avian tions, it is generally held that the subfamily are indeterminate layers and therefore we family have been discovered decorating Threskiornithidae, the ibises, is com­ have attempted to maximize the reproduc­ the walls of Neolithic caves. The very prised of twenty-six species with nearly tive rate and success of our ibis collection name Sacred Ibis is derivative of the global distribution. The ibis is a moderate­ by supplementing the natural parent rear­ veneration once bestowed upon an ibis sized bird with long legs and unwebbed ing process with artificial incubation and species. Hieroglyphics adorning ancient feet suitable for wading. The most charac­ hand-rearing. In that vein, we have Egyptian monuments and artifacts fre­ teristic feature of an ibis is its long, slender, developed the procedures recounted quently depict the easily recognizable decurved bill. The Chicago Zoological below. silhouette of an ibis. The Sacred Ibis, often Society currently maintains two species of All ibis eggs removed for artificial incu­ associated with the Egyptian deity Thoth, ibis at its Brookfield Zoo. The Sacred Ibis bation are placed in forced air incubators was frequently mummified and placed in aethiopicus has long been a and maintained at 97.5 °F. with wet bulb elaborate tombs and pyramids. resident of the Aquatic Bird House, with reading of 80.0°F. The eggs are automat­ Yet this fascination, which has our current flock containing some in­ ically rotated 90 degrees every hour. After benefited the artistry and mythology of dividuals approaching thirty years of age. pipping eggs are transferred to a glass­ man, has held few benefits for its original The adult Sacred Ibis exhibits primarily a fronted hatcher which allows closer obser­ stimulus. The affection of man has been white plumage, although soiling may com­ vation. Contrary to figures in current selective and fickle. A small number of ibis promise the purity of the whiteness. The literature (Urban, 1974, reports 28-29 species have appeared in avicultural or head and neck area are bare skin, a dull days; Skead, 1951, reports approximately zoological collections. And an even black in color. The tips of the primary and 26 days; Raseroka, 1975, reports 25-28 smaller number have responded to at­ secondary feathers are also black. Addi­ days) all our eggs have hatched following a tempts at captive propagation. But tax­ tionally, blue-black decorative scapular 22 day incubation period. All eggs have onomists recognize over twenty species of plumes are evident on birds in breeding hatched unassisted, with most chicks com­ ibis representing many varied geograph­ condition. The Sacred Ibis occupies pleting the hatch within 24 hours of pip­ ical and ecological adaptations. Despite tropical and sub-tropical habitats, occur­ ping. Hatching weights have generally the thousands of years of selective atten­ ring most frequently by inland lakes and ranged between 40 and 50 grams. Immedi­ tion from man little is known of many of rivers and in cultivated areas. Geographi­ ately after hatching the abdominal areas of these . Like so much of the world's cally the extent of its distribution is the chicks are swabbed with an iodine flora and fauna, ibises must be viewed as somewhat disputed. It is primarily asso­ solution to prevent the possibility of infec­ endangered and vanishing animals. It is ciated with African fauna, but also occurs tion originating in the umbilical area. Ibis perhaps a prime irony that the so-called in western Asia and southwestern Pacific chicks are best described as semi-altricial. "Sacred" ibis, associated in Egyptian islands. That is, although ptilopaedic, they are 41 nidicolous with the eyes remaining effec­ dramatic extension of the tibiotarsal and tively closed for about five days. The tarsometatarsal bones. Particular care chicks are provided with a substrate of must be given to calcium supplementation small twigs arranged to simulate a nest cup to meet these extraordinary growth within a stainless steel bowl. Although the demands. The mixture is not chemically use of the twigs poses minor hindrance to predigested. the maintenance of optimum hygenic con­ Initially the diet was prepared every 48 ditions it is felt that the provision of a hours and maintained in a refrigerated natural substrate is a critical factor to state. Dr. Frank Wright, formerly of the proper development. Ibis chicks have, in Brookfield Zoo veterinary staff, subse­ the past, displayed considerable difficulty quently suggested that a more optimum in keeping their legs positioned beneath level of diet sanitation could be main­ themselves on smooth surfaces. Upon tained by quick freezing the diet prepara­ hatching the chicks are not capable of tion immediately after production. Our standing, but are capable of grasping light­ current procedure is to immediately ly with the feet. The body weight of the transfer the blended paste to pre-sterilized chicks rests on the intratarsal or heel joint, (ethylene oxide process) and sealable

SHIPPED ANYWHERE IN which develops a characteristic protective plastic bags. The material is then quickly 0 THE UNITED STATES pad. The chicks are almost immediately frozen and maintained in that state until CALL OR WRITE FOR PRICES I capable of limited locomotion, which is needed. This procedure, in addition to AND AVAILABILITY ~ achieved by shuffling along the heel joints. providing a high level of hygiene, is much The young ibis quickly express this limited more flexible and easily adaptable to mobility by moving toward a food source feeding various numbers of chicks. Im­ THE A VICULTURAL and by backing to the edge of the nest to mediately prior to a scheduled feeding a SOCIETY defecate. It is the latter inclination which bag containing an appropriate amount of (founded 1894) apparently contributes to the high nestling prepared diet is thawed in heated water. mortality rate. The warmed paste is then mixed with suffi­ has an international membership, Ibis feed their young by regurgitation. cient hot water to produce a semi-liquid who receive and contribute to We attempted to replicate the physical consistency of about body temperature. It The A vicultural Magazine', the consistency of regurgitated material in our is believe that the temperature of the food oldest and most revered journal hand-rearing diet. The diet is based upon material is a critical factor. In initial devoted to the study of wild birds the three basic ingredients fed the adult feeding procedures chicks were observed in captivity. birds. Dry dog food (Gaines Dog Meal: to reject food which had cooled. Addi­ The Hon Secretary General Foods Corporation), a commer­ tionally one must be aware that the feeding The A vicultural Society cially prepared bird of prey diet of chilled food could result in a fatal lower­ Windsor Forest Stud (Zu/Preem Bird of Prey Diet: Hills Divi­ ing of the body temperature of young Mill Ride sion, Rivana Foods, Inc.), and smelt birds not yet capable of homeostasis. ASCOT Osmerus sp. (deboned, skinned, and It is important to differentiate between Berkshire eviscerated) are placed in a blender with hand-feeding and force-feeding. Al­ SL5 BLT sufficient water to produce a thick paste though it would have been feasible to England upon blending. This mixture is further force-feed the ibis chicks, it was believed to Subscription for 1980-$20. 00 supplemented with a powdered multivita­ be more desirable to elicit begging and Sample magazine sent on request. min additive (Vionate: E.R. Squibb & feeding behavior in as normal a manner as Sons, Inc.), thiamine hydrochloride, and possible. In the wild state the chicks feed powdered bone ash. Ibis chicks exhibit a by swallowing regurgitated food taken rapid rate of growth. (Please see Figure 1.) from the parents' mouths. Our feeding FINCH NEWS Associated with this rapid growth is a routine has been developed to reproduce 550 GROWTH OF • SACRED IBIS 500 .·· INFORMATION ON FINCHES HAND-REARED IBIS 450

400

PROFESSIONALLY PRINTED 350

MONTHLY MAGAZINE 300 HAOADA IBIS FOR US$17.00 P.A. Weight In 250 Grams .. 200 .. ·· 150 SEND TO: .······················· FIGURE 1 FINCH NEWS 100 585 D'ARCY ROAD 50 CARINA 4152 Age In Days 0 QUEENSLAND HATCH 9 10 11 12 13 14 AUSTRALIA. Mean weights are represented for limited samples of hand-reared Sacred (n = 5) and Hadada (n = 2) ibis. All weights were taken at 0800 prior to the day's first feeding. 42 the broadest spectrum of natural behavior feedings are designed to prevent or mini­ possible under the abnormal circum­ mize overnight weight loss. After roughly stances. Toward that end the young birds five days, the birds become more visually have been fed in the following manner: A responsive and slowly begin to orient hand is held before the chick to tease or toward the spoon itself as a food source, elicit begging behavior. Particularly dur­ gradually eliminating the need for hand ing the first five days actual contact with teasing. the bill will be necessary to stimulate the The young birds are maintained in the BEA still blind bird. The young ibis generally glass-fronted hatcher until they are be­ respond with tapping movements directed tween 15 and 20 days of age. During this WATCH to a gap between the fingers. The chick period the temperature is gradually reduc­ BIRD then inserts the bill between the fingers, ed from 95.0°F. to 80.0°F. At this point opens its mouth, and initiates swallowing they are placed in larger brooder boxes movements. At this point, a feeding equipped with heat lamps. They remain in spoon, specially curved for this purpose, is these boxes until feather growth is com­ introduced between the open mandibles plete and wing exercising and pre-flight at­ and the chick is allowed to take food off tempts are evident. They are then transfer­ the spoon. At no point is food forced on a red to a temporary introduction cage in the A major purpose of the WATCH­ healthy chick. Feeding ceases when beg­ exhibit housing the adult birds and are BIRD is to monitor legislative events at the national level which might ging behavior is still present, but has prepared for release. adversely affect aviculture. We, significantly weakened and the chick does As might be expected, individual and however, cannot follow events that not present the appearance of a full crop. specific differences have been noted. Each take place at the state and local levels A couple of minor choking episodes have chick has exhibited individual idiosyn­ of government. We, therefore, call upon the readers to keep us informed been precipitated when food particles have crasies and recognizable personality traits. of similar legislative attacks in the lodges in the glottis. It is recommended As a general note, the Sacred Ibis has been lower levels of government. We would that inspection of the glottis and oral cav­ the more aggressive and faster developing like to publish the various threats to ity become a regular part of the feeding species. Our initial hand-raised Hadada aviculture, and what the final outcome (names Wobbles) required much indivi­ was. Perhaps your story will aid some­ procedure. Feedings are scheduled at one else in keeping aviculture unen­ 0800, 1100, 1400 and 1700. During the first dual attention and remains an imprinted cumbered by government. two weeks additional feedings are schedul­ bird in the classic sense of the word. A Editors. ed at 0200 and 2200. These additional keeper entering the exhibit is often greeted

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43 Adult Hadada Ibis in Aquatic Bird House, indoor flight cage.

Hadada ibis egg, weighed and numbered for artificial incubation.

0 0 N "O ~ Newly hatched Sacred ibis chick's umbzlical area is swabbed with iodine ~ 0 solution. 0 iii:c ;;;'-' QJ Cf) -"' a:'-' >­ D "'0 0 .c CL

Hadada ibis chicks. "Wobbles'' our first captive raised Hadada ibis at approximately 3 weeks of age. 44 0 0 0 0 N N "O Qi J'2 -~ ~ :;; 0 0 0 ~ @ CD Q) :c Q) ~ (5 Q) Q) Cf)"' ~ ~ "'u >- a: .CJ >- 0 .CJ 0

Spoon feeding Sacred ibis chick.

0 0 N Experimental feeding "O of a Hadada zbis chick ~ :;; using hand puppet. 0 0 cD :c ~

Q) Cf)"' -"' a:u >­ .CJ 0 0 .c Cl.

Ralph Pzland feeding Sacred ibis chzek.

Hadada ibis /uvenzle approximately 3 months of age, in Aquatic Bird House, outdoor flight cage.

Adult Sacred ibis in Aquatic Bird House, outside flight cage.

45 by an ibis using an unnervingly direct flight Age 32, EXPERIENCED IN TAMING and training path that avoids an interspecific collision Amazons and Conures. Seek position with established CLASSIFIED aviary. If you are looking for a mature, reliable in­ only by a last minute swerve to nearby dividual who is truly interested in birds. to assist you in rockwork. A preoccupied keeper may be your operatjon. please call Dan Britts, 806 West 1st startled to find an unattended ear in­ ADS Street, Aberdeen, WA 98520. (206) 533-7383.

vestigated by a long, and often wet, . CLASSIFIED RATES - $5.00 minimum FOR SALE: COCKATOOS-mediums, $1,900 per pair. During the twice daily feedings of crickets charge for 4 I in es of type (average 7 words Leadbeater. $12.000 breeding pair. Gang gang. $16,000 pair Galahs, $6,000 pair. Also Crimson to the birds in the indoor flight cage, the per line).Additional charge of 9¢ per word for ad running over 28 words. (28 words to wings, $950 pair and rare Australian parakeets (pair). public is often amused to see a long-billed include name, address and phone.) All copy Contact Ms. Perry, 7600 Sun Island Dr, 118017. St. Petersburg, FL 33707. (813) 585-2306. bird tugging insistently and enthusiastical­ to be RECEIVED BY 10th day of month ly on the keeper's trouser leg. What is often preceding publication. One inch boxed ad - 58 word maximum - $12.00. KILLS FLIES & FAST. Automatically, eco­ misunderstood is that he is not seeking nomically, covers 6,000 cubic foot room with natural food, but rather companionship. We are pryethrin mist. Non-toxic to humans, animals & birds. Biodegradable. Price: $49.00 postpaid. Includes one now experimenting with the use of hand DID YOU MISS OUTI Many of you did not take full ad­ months spray. Californians add 6% sales tax. Marsh puppets during feeding periods in an at­ vantage of your aviculturist activities for the 1980 tax Farms, P.O. Box 7-CE, Garden Grove, CA 92642. year Please, don't miss out in 1981. In addition to fun tempt to reduce imprinting intensity. and enjoyment in your aviculturist pursuits you may FREE 1981 COLOR CATALOG Imprinting has not been a problem with be entitled to valuable tax considerations which could Raise birds year round. Complete source incubators, the Sacred Ibis. Two factors possibly con­ save you hundreds or even thousands of tax dollars r brooders, cages, fountains, feeders. books, More. For information send business size SASE and $5.95 to Marsh Farms, Box 7-CE, Garden Grove, CA 92642 tribute to this situation. Birds hand-reared TAX TRENDS LTD., Box 203, Alta Loma, CA 91701. with siblings seem to develop more natural LOW PRICE, DIRECT FROM IMPORTER surgically behavior patterns than individually raised COLORED ALUMINUM EXOTIC, Cockatiel & sexed breeders, hand-fed babies. Macaws, rare Lovebird Bands Black, Blue, Gold, Green, Red, finches, Amazons, Cockatoos, Greys, Toucans and birds. Additionally, the Sacred Ibis, as op­ & Silver. Exotic Bands are (Homing pigeon Conures. Ask for monthly special. N. E. IMPORTS, posed to the more solitary Hadada, lives size, App. 9/32" or .277 thousands) l.D. Please (516) 269-1294 and breeds in colonial groupings. This give the following information; Initials wanted (up to three) Exotic, Cockatiel or Love Bird COLONY OF 16 - 2-year-old Fischer's lovebird loose social structure aids in the quick ac­ bands consecutive numbers wanted, opened breeders $525. Seven-week-old cockatiels, cinnamon ceptance and social normalization of or closed, year and color. All Cockatiel & Love $50 each, albinos $45 each, pearlys $40 each, blue Bird bands are 15' each Exotic bands are 18' peach face lovebirds $40 each. Lyman Lockwood, hand-reared birds. We have noted hand­ each. (805) 498-2007 reared birds becoming sexually mature at 18 months of age, constructing nests, and PLASTIC BANDS 7 sizes 7 colors Red, Blue, Black, Yellow, Green, orange & Pink. Please HYACINTH MACAWS-1 surgically sexed producing fertile eggs. indicate type of bird bands are for and color pair, $7,000. One pair African Cape In conclusion, we feel that these ar­ wanted. 10 bands to a string (same color). 75' (sauhelicus) $1,500. Red eyed Fallow tificial rearing techniques have con­ each string 10 strings $7.00 20 strings Cockatiels, $350 each. Ron Brown, 8 am- $13.00. 4 pm. (714) 871-9202. After 5 pm. (714) tributed positively to short and long term BIRD NETS for the aviculturist. Made 879-7546. ALL BIRDS SWABBED. management of our captive ibis flocks. We for plenty of abuse, 100% nylon netting, 18" continue to feel that intense and coor­ hard wood handle 1O" tempered aluminum hoop, 20" bag depth or small canary nets 12" BIRD FARM FOR SALE: In central Orange County, CA. dinated husbandry techniques may be ap­ handle 8" diameter $5.00 each post paid. One acre, one 1,800 sq. ft. home; one triplex rental plied profitably to a broad diversity of unit. Licensed as a pet shop. 160 flights. $350,000. PLASTIC HAND FEEDERS Pays for itself Harold Thornsberry, (714) 527-0157 avian species. It would indeed be tragic if many times over. Save the abandoned young one day only mythological stories and or help the slow feeders. 10 cc feeder $2.35 Young Blue and Gold Macaws, Blue Front Amazons, mummified remains were left to remind us Two for $4.25 Five for $8.95 Please add 50' on African Greys, Indian Ringnecks, Cockatiels, all orders under $5.00 California residents of our avian interests. Lovebirds, Finches: Fires, Napoleons, Orange Please include fi sales tax. L & M BIRD LEG Weavers, Cordon Blues, Green Singers, Red Ears, BANDS, P.O. Box 2943, San Bernardino, Calif. Desert Larks, Silverbills, Cutthroats, Bronze Wing BIBLIOGRAPHY 92406. Societ and Zebras. Hagler's Home of Birds, P.O. Box Archibald, George W. and Sharon D.H. Lantis. 2637, Bartow, Fl. 33830, (813) 644-3385 anytime. "Conservation of the Japanese ." CATALINA MACAWS & UMBRELLA COCKATOOS. 5506 8th Street S.E .. Highland City, Florida. Handled babies, cuddly. Hatched in my aviary. (Unpublished paper.) Brilliant colors. Mickey Hensel, Rt. 1 Box 222, DID YOU MISS OUTI Many of you did not take full ad­ Armstrong, Edward A. The Life and Lore of the Kankakee, Ill., 6ogo1, (815) 932-9631. Bird. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1975. vantage of your aviculturist activities for the 1980 tax Clements, James F. SUPER BIRDS LTD. realize it's impossible to treat sick year' Don't be left out in 1981' In addition to fun and Birds of the World: A Check enjoyment in your aviculturist pursuits, you too may List. New York: The Two Continents birds unless you know what's wrong and what drug will work. Birds suffer and die needlessly becauses of be entitled to valuable tax deductions which could Publishing Group, Ltd., 1978. save you hundreds or even thousands of dollars r Mackworth-Praed, C.W. and C.H.B. Grant. guesses. Our losses are nil because our laboratory and bacteriologist are accurate Are yours? Send for Keep what's yours' Rush Business size SASE and Birds of the Southern Third of Africa. Lon­ fecal containers today. All work is confidential. $20 $5.95 to TAX TRENDS LTD., P.O. Box 203, Alta Loma, CA 91701 don: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., 1962. each for culture and sensitivity. Results in 24-36 Pettingill, Olin Sewall, Jr. Ornithology in hours. Super Birds Ltd., Rt. 4, Box 242, Ft. Pierce, Laboratory and Field. Minneapolis: Burgess Florida, 305-461-6484. FOR SALE: BIRD & NURSERY RETAIL STORE. Publishing Company, 1970. plus breeding facilities on 5 acres of prime Raseroka, B.H. "Diet of the Hadada Ibis," The ZEBRA FINCHES: 11 varieties, Crested, Penquin, Blue, land. 2 bed., 2 bath mobile home. Largest bird Ostrich, Vol. 46 (March 1975), 51-54. Florida Fancy $10-$25/pr., Soceity Finches: Crested, & nursery retail outlet in Barstow, CA area. Raseroka, B.H. "Breeding of the Hadada Dilute fawns, self, $25/pr., Stamp for price list, We ship. Thousands of trees, shrubs, birds, plus ACADIANA AVIARIES, GARRIE LANDRY, Rt. 1, Box 199, nursery & bird supplies. 60 breeding aviaries, Ibis," The Ostrich, Vol. 46 (December 1975), Franklin, Louisiana 70538 (Phone 31~28-5957) automatic waterers & feeders. Gross income 208-212. $96,000 yearly. Only $165,000. (714) Skead, C.J. "A Study of the Hadedah Ibis HAND RAISED MACAWS, COCKATOOS, reserve your 257-3668. Hagedashia h. hagedash." Ibis, Vol. 93 baby now for August delivery. Tameness, health, (1951), 360-382. satisfaction guaranteed or your money refunded. QUARANTINE STATION FOR RENT. Write or call C & Snow, D.W., ed. An Atlas of Speciation in References given. KATHY VERBECK, WINGS K birds. 3386 Seagrape Ave .. Naples, FL 33942. (813) African Non-passerine Birds. London: British UNLIMITED, (216) 493-0560. Monday - Friday. 774-4394 Museum (Natural History), 1978. Gorgeous blue mutation Scarlet Chested Parakeets. Urban, Emil K. "Breeding of Sacred Ibis ROSE-BREASTED COCKATOOS. hatched 1981 Hand Serious inquiries only! Blues splits and possibles fed, very tame, beautiful color. Alert and intelligent. Threskiornis aethiopica at Lake Shala, available. Joshua Charap, 1200 Firwood Dr., Pittsburgh, Also beautiful in an aviary. C Tamaki. P 0. Box 865, ," Ibis, Vol. 116 (1974), 263-277. PA 15243. (412) 343-2280 evenings and weekends. Nipomo, CA 93444. (805) 489-7730. 46 t - 150 00 2 - t 40 00 3 - 125 00

HAND-FED BABY LOVE BIRDS AMAZONS Black Mask Baby Yellow Napes 1-600.00 FINCH SPECIALS Fisher's 3-550.00 M ix or Match Blue Mask 6-500.00 Red-Ears 1-6.00 Cui-Throats 6-5 75 MACAWS Silverb1lls 12-5.50 Nobles 150.00 AMAZONS Bronze Wings 24-5 .00 Yellow Collars 155.00 Mexican Double 1-350 00 Golden Songs Severe's 185.00 Yellow Heads 3-300 00 Blue Golds 1-599.00 Yellow Cheeked Black-Hooded Nun's 1-8.00 3-499.00 White-Hooded Nun's 6-7 .00 Hand Fed Babies 995.00 RPc:l-Head , a Amazon Spice Finch 12-6 00 Black Eyed 795 .00 Orange-Cheeks 8.00 Sexed Mature Prs 1250.00 S»ectac led Amazon Orange Weaver 13 00 Spoon Fed Sca rlet 1800 00 Grey Singing 10.00 Spoon Fed Green Lilac Crown 's Green Singing 11 00 Wing's 1250.00 Cordon Bleu 1-15.00 6-14 .00 AFRIC AN GREY'S t-25.00 Red-Tails 300 .00 CONURES 6-20.00 Se xed Mature Prs . 650 .00 Du skies 30 .00 Lavenders 13 .00 Bee Bee·s 35.00 Black Cheek Waxb1lls 13 00 COCK ATOO'S Senegals 1-40.00 Melba's 75 .00 pr Moluccans 1-675.00 3-36 00 Violet-Ear Wax bills 75 00 pr . 3-575.00 6-32 00 Star Finch 25 .00 1 Umbrellas · 1-499.00 :> Moon's 37 .50 Black-Cap Waxb1ll 25 .00 3-425.00 Wh11e-Eye·s 37 50 Cherry Head 25 .00 9.Jn-Conures 450 00 Lessers 1-425.00 CANA RYS 3-375 .00 Males 1-27 .50 Golf ins · 250 .00 PARAK EETS 3-24.75 Bare-Eyed Normals 7.95 H ens 1-18.00 (Utile Corella) Call Rares 8 .95 3-15 .00 Plum- Heads 65 .00 Red Males 1-37 .50 COCKATIELS Slaty-Heads 65 .00 3-33 . 75 Grey 25 .00 Mu staches 65 .00 Red Hens 1-25 .00 Albino 45 .00 3-21 .00 Pearly 45 .00 Pied 59 .00

• BREEDER'S PLEASE NOTE • We now have a Fiber-optic Laparoscope and can surgically sex our birds. Tt1e cost for this service is $25.00 per bird.

"PLEASE READ" You can save C.O.D. charges by pre-paying your orders. We accept Bank Americards. Vi sa, certified checks, money orders. Master charges. Bank transfers can be made to Bank of America. 255 S. Main Street . W illits, Calif. 95490Willits Branch #620 Account number 7-199. Feel free to check with the bank for references. In April we should have Ring-necks, Mustaches, Plum-Heads, Slaty-Heads, Rosel las, Red-rumps, Bourkes, etc. So please call for prices. lndonishia is shut down now but hope to have one more load of Cockatoo's released. Grey's and Love-Birds due April 19th - order now. Send self-addressed, stamped envelope for current price sheet.