The System TURKEY Basic Facts (as of 2019) • Area: 814.578 km² • Population: 83.154.997 • Number of electricity consumers: 44.958.326 • TSO: 1 • DSOs: 21 • Peak load: 45.324 MW • Failure Index for 400 kV OHL: 0,711 • Failure Index for : 0,158 Global map of the grid and its interconnections

Bulgaria ENTSO-E Synchronous Parallel Connection ∑ Import: 650 MW Georgia ∑ Export: 500 MW

Greece 0 MW Armenia 700 MW 0 MW Nakhchievan 0 MW 0 MW TURKEY Iran

450 MW 200 MW

400 kV OHL (Existing) 0 MW

220 kV OHL (Existing) Iraq

154 kV OHL (Existing) Syria

400 kV OHL (Under Construction) HVDC Back to Back (Existing)

400 kV OHL (Planned) HVDC Back to Back (Under Construction)

154 kV OHL (Planned) HVDC Back to Back (Planned) Grid Facts & Characteristics (as of 2019) • Transmission Grid: > 36kV • Distribution Grid: ≤ 36 kV

SUBSTATIONS TRANSMISSION LINES Voltage (kV) # Voltage (kV) km 400 173 400 (OHL) 23.847 220 1 220 (OHL) 85 154 1.068 154 (OHL) 45.460 66 10 66 (OHL) 10 TOTAL 1273(189.172 MVA) 400 (Underground cable) 48 154 (Underground cable) 429 400 (Subsea cable) 16 TOTAL 70.034 Information of TSO

• TEIAS (Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation) • Sole owner of the transmission grid • Serving 814.578 km² • http://www.teias.gov.tr Structure of electrical power system

TEDAŞ TEDAŞ

Distribution Distribution

IPPs IPPs

TEK Traders Traders Vertically Integrated

TEİAŞ TEİAŞ TEİAŞ

Transmission Transmission Transmission

TEAŞ TETAŞ EPİAŞ EPİAŞ Trade Market Op. Market Op. Generation Transmission Trade EÜAŞ EÜAŞ EÜAŞ

Generation Generation Generation 1970 1994 2001 2015 2018 Today Operation & Maintenance of TSO

22 Regional Offices Dispatching of TSO

1 National Control Centre (Ankara) 9 Regional Control Centres DSOs

21 Private DSOs (Ownership belongs to TEDAS) Installed Capacity with reference to Primary Resources (2019)

RESOURCES INSTALLED CAPACITY (MW) (%)

IMPORT 8.966,85 9,82 COAL+ASPHALTITE 1.215,80 1,33 LIGNITE 10.101,0 11,07 NATURAL GAS 25.904,25 28,38 FUEL OIL 311,68 0,34 SOLID FUEL+LIQUID FUEL 0,00 0,00 LIQUID FUEL+NATURAL GAS 0,00 0,00 BIOMASS 1.163,34 1,27 GEOTHERMIC 1.514,67 1,66 HYDRAULIC DAMS 20.642,52 22,62 HYDRAULIC STREAM 7.860,55 8,61 WIND 7.591,17 8,23 SOLAR 7.995,20 6,57 TOTAL 91.267,03 100,00 Energy Production with reference to Primary Resources (2019)

Oil; 336; 0% Solar; 9250; 3% Wind; 21731; Biomass; 4624; 7% 2%

Geothermal; 8952; 3% Coal; 112894; 37%

Hydro; 88223; 29%

Natural Gas; 57288; 19%

TOTAL: 303.897,6 GWh Development of Generation (GWh)

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0 Renewables (excl Hydro Coal Natural Gas Biomass Hydro) 2002 2019 Consumption per Customer Groups (2018)

IlluminationOthers 2% 3% Household 21%

Industrial 46% Commercial and public services 28%

Total Net Consumption: 258.232,2 GWh Location of Wind PPs (Sept 2020) Development of Wind PPs (Installed Capacity)

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000 MW

3000

2000

1000

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Location of Solar PPs (Existing+Permitted)

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 1700 4000 2500 800 MW MW MW MW Development of Solar PPs (Installed Capacity)

7000

6000

5000

4000

MW 3000

2000

1000

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Development of RES PPs (Installed Capacity)

50.000,00

45.000,00

40.000,00

35.000,00

30.000,00

25.000,00 MW 20.000,00

15.000,00

10.000,00

5.000,00

0,00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Development of RES PPs (Generation)

160.000,00

140.000,00

120.000,00

100.000,00

80.000,00 GWh

60.000,00

40.000,00

20.000,00

0,00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Price trend for consumers

2017 2018 2019 Second Half First Half Second Half First Half (Kuruş/kWh) (Kuruş/kWh) (Kuruş/kWh) (Kuruş/kWh) Industry 26,3 30,2 44,1 48,1 Household 41,3 45 55,2 53,8 Milestones of Turkish

2001 • Electricity Market Law numbered 4628 was published.

• Market Financial Settlement Center (PMUM) at TEIAS started to operate the balancing mechanism. 2006 • Imbalances started to be settled as night, day and peak time period.

• Balancing and Settlement Regulation was published on 1st December of 2009. 2009 • Day Ahead Planning was being used for day ahead trading and balancing activities. • Balancing Power Market is being used for real-time balancing. Imbalances started to be settled hourly.

• Day Ahead Market came in to force on 1st December of 2011 2011 • Daily advance payments, collateral mechanism and renewable energy resources support mechanism started to be implemented.

• Electricity Market Law numbered 6446 was published. Law numbered 4628 was renamed as “Law on the organization 2013 and duities of Regulatory Authority”

• In accordance with the Electricity Market Law, a new liberal company called EPİAŞ (Electricity Markets Operating Incorporate Company) which will operate day ahead market, intraday market and settlement of these markets, was 2015 established. • EPİAŞ started to operations in 1st of September 2015. After this date TEIAS is responsible only balancing of power market. Power Balance (2019)

GWh Generation 303.897,56 Consumption 303.320,40 Import 2.211,51 Export 2.788,67 Transmission losses 5.585,21 Energy exchanges with neighbours (2019)

Country Import Export Interconnector (GWh) (GWh)

Bulgaria 1.960,6 120,7 Maritsa East 3-Hamitabat 1 Maritsa East 3-Hamitabat 2 Greece 3,9 2.667,8 Nea Santa-Babaeski Georgia ------Hopa-Batum Georgia 247,0 0,2 Borçka-Ahıska Iran ------Khoy-Başkale Iran ------Doğubayazıt-Bazargan Nahcievan ------Iğdır-Babek Syria ------Birecik-Halep Armenia ------Kars-Gumri Iraq ------Karkey-Zakho Spesific Aspects of Turkish Electricity Market

• Market Operator (EPIAS) http://epias.com.tr • Day-Ahead Market • Intraday Market • Transparency Platform https://seffaflik.epias.com.tr/transparency/index.xhtml • Transmission System Operator (TEIAS) • Real-time Balancing Market • Ancillary Services Market