Chapter - 5 Profile of PuEe District

5.1 lE trodiictloi!

5.2 Physical setup

5.3 PopiiIatioE

5.4 Agriciiltiiral setup

5.5 Traesportatioffi amd commiiffilcatioE

5.6 EdiicatioEal and sports

5.7 Administration

5.8 .Piiiie APMC profile Chapter -5 Profile of Piiee Bistrict

5.1 IntrodiictloiiJ-

In this chapter a brief review o f socio-economic and geographic conditions o f the district to enable us to know the background on which the Agriculture Produce Market

Committees are functioning has been undertaken. In the historical, political, agricultural and industrial maps o f all the 35 districts o f state, district holds a leading rank in respect o f sugarcane cultivation and sugar industry and other industries. For administration purpose it is divided into 14 talukas including Pune city, which is situated on -

Bangalore high way No. 4.

The city o f Pune and are remarkable for the industrial development.There are large number o f industrial estates. The industry is well supported by the strong banking and financial institutions.

5.2 Physical setepi

Pune district the second largest district in Maharashtra state has an area o f 15,642 square kilometers (Approx. 5% o f the total area o f the state). A district lying at the base o f the Sahyadri

Mountain has the shape of a triangle. The apex of triangle is on the point o f Bhima and Nira rivers. For administrative purpose, the district has been divided into 14 talukas including Pune city, the overall administrative centre. The district presents a varied physiography with highly undulating hilly topography on the western side and large tretches o f plains in eastern sideThe agro-

162 climatic zonal planning unit of planning commission has put

Pune district in zone No. 9 sub zone No. 1 along with NasMk,

Satara and Kolhapur.

In the classification o f the state levels the district falls into four different agro-climatic zones with talukas as under:-

1) Ghat zone : PartofMaval

2) Sub-Mountain zone : Velhe, , Mulshi, Khed

And Maval

3) Plain zone : Haveli, and Ambegaon

4) Scarcity zone : , , Purandhar,

Daund and Shirur

5.2.1. Location;

Pune district lies between 17°.54 and 19°.24 North Latitude and 73°.19 and 75°.10 East Longitude.

5.2.2. Bonedarles?

It is bounded on the North by district, on the

East by Ahmednagar and Solapur districts, on the south by

Soiapur and Satara districts and on the West by Kolaba and

Thane districts.

5.2.3. m il raiBgesi

The main range o f Sahyadri runs north and south for length o f about 117 km. Also narrow ridges with fait tops stretch eastwards and gradually sink into the plain. The following leading peaks lie in the extreme north o f the Sahyadri ranges.

1) Harichandra Gad 2) Jivdhan 3) Dhak and 4) Ahupe

163 5,2,4. Four zones;

The technical survey unit set up by Government of

Maharashtra recommended that the Pune district be divided into the following four agro-climatic zones. The coverage with reference to type of soil and crops grown in respective zones are also described below: a) Ghat zones

It covers only a small portion o f Maval tahsil. The

area is extremely rugged and covered by Sahyadri mountain

ranges. The soils in this area are (1) High level red to

reddish brown laterite soil and (2) Light brown to dark

brown forest soils. The hill tops and slopes are covered

with forest trees and grasses. Small strips o f land on hill

slopes are used for cultivation, where hill millets like nagli,

wari are grown. On some land paddy is grown. The soils

are inferior and have poor fertility. b) TraEsltlon I ;

This is formed by Western portion of Junnar, Western

half Ambegaon, Khed and Bhor and Western and central

partion o f Maval, Mulshi and Velhe tahsils. The area is

extremely rugged. The soils are red to reddish brown in

colour, varying in depth and texture. Paddy is the main

crop valleys and nagli, wari etc. are grown on hill slopes.

Major portion o f area is under forest and pastures.

164 c)Transition II :

The zone comprises of the mid-western part of Junnar, Khed, eastern half of Ambegaon and eastern strips of Velhe, Muishi, Bhor and western portion of Haveli tahsil. This lies on the eastern side of Sahyadri Mountain ranges. The following brown to dark brown soils of varying depth are found in this zone.

i) High level : Low lime shallow reddish

brown loam

ii) Intermediate : Medium deep brown black

clay loam

iii) Low level : Deep low lime brown clays.

The soils are alkaline. Major crops grown are bajara, jawar, wheat, variety of fruit crops and vegetables. d) Scarcity zone:

This zone covers the eastern corner of Junnar, southeastern portion of Khed, Eastern half of Haveli and entire portion of Shirur, Purandhar, , Baramati and Indapur tahsils. This zone covers nearly 50% area of the district. During 1998-99 there are 87 villages declared as scarcity prone village. Out of 87 villages 62 villages from Baramati, 23 villages from Daund and 2 villages from 165 Junnar tahsil have been covered. The soils are brown to

black calcurious soils with varying depth and textures.

Main crops are rabbi jawar, cotton, wheat, gram, groundnut

and sanflower and also sugarcane in canal areas.

5.2.5. Rivers and drainage patterns

Bhima is the main river o f the district.lt rises in the

Sahyadri at Bhimashankar () in the west o f the district. It flows southeast through the central part o f the district and then enters into Solapur district.The main tributaries o f

Bhima are Vel and Ghodnadi on its left and Indrayani, Mula,

Mutha and Neera on the right.Neera forms the southern boundary o f the district for a considerable distance.Karha, Kukadi,

Pawana, Mula-Mutha, Meena, Gunjavani, Pushpawati,

Shivaganga and Valvandi are the other rivers flowing in the district.All of these rivers flow within the magnificent volume of water during the rainy season and shrink into a narrow thread during the hot season.

The drainage line in the district runs from Northwest to

Southeast. 9 out o f 14 tahsils are partly occupied by the

Sahyadri hill range or its eastern offshoots. Rainfall is very heavy in talukas bordering Sahyadri. They constitute an excellent catchments for the river system in the district.

5,2.6 Cltmate aed rainfall:

The climate o f the district is characterized by dry atmosphere except during monsoon. The western part 166 experiences comparatively cooler climate. The summer is moderately high and the temperature varies between 36° to 40°C,

The minimum temperature is about 9C

The district receives the rain mostly from the southwest monsoon during June to October. A few erratic showers are also received from the northeast monsoon by the eastern part o f the district. The rainfall is generally received during the period

June to September. Velhe and receive heavy rainfall followed by Maval, Baramati, Purandhar, Indapur and

Ambegaon. Daund and come under poor rainfall.

Khed and Junnar talukas come under moderate rainfall. The talukas under study i.e. Haveli, Khed, Ambegaon and Junnar has got medium rainfall; therefore the main activity o f the farmers in these talukas is farming. This area may be treated as-north Pune district. The rainfall is a very important factor as it influences the agricultural activities as well as the agriculture produce.

The natural conditions are favourable for growth of pastures in the north area o f Pune district, which will be helpful for the expansion of agriculture development.

5,2,7 Soils i-

The soils of the district are lighter in the west than in the east. They broadly belong to black, red and brown. In some places one class o f soil bends with another in varying properties and is in turn modified by sand, gravel, lime salts and other ingredients.

167 The soil in the district is deficient in Nitrogen and

Phosphorus but rich in potash.

5.2.8 Mineralsj

The rocks in varieties o f Deccan trap basalt are found in the varieties of (1) vesicular and (2) non-vesicular. The vesicular types are comparatively softer and break more easily. The non- vesicular types o f rocks are hard enough and compact, it is used for building stones, for roads and as an aggregate in cement concrete. Kankar and Gypsum are found at a no o f places especially in the eastern part o f the district. Kankar is used for lime turning. There are some deposits o f lime and dolomite in the district. The deposit o f lime is found in Purandhar and part o f Daund tahsils. But due to its inferior quality it is not used for

cement.

5.3 PopelatloM

As per 2001 census, the total population o f the district stood at 72,24 lakh. . The average density per square kilometer is

462 but in case o f urban area it is 6755 and in case o f rural area

it is 202, more than half (i.e. about 58% of the population) is urban and balance o f 42% is rural. As per 2001 census district

enjoys high level o f literacy (81%). In case o f urban area it is

87% and in rural area 63% literacy.

168 Table 5.3.1 i Taliskawise Population of Piiise District as per

■ 2001 Census

S.N. Taluka Population % to . Male % to Female % to Total Total Total

1 Junnar 3,69,637 5.12 1,87,095 50.61 1,82,542 49.39

2 Ambegaon 2,13,789 2.96 1,07,556 50.30 1,06,233 49.70

3 Shirur 3,10,571 4.30 1,60,635 51.72 1,49,936 48.28

4 Khed 3,42,794 4.74 1,77,894 51.89 1,64,900 48.11

5 Maval 3,04,980 4.22 1,60,384 52.58 1,44,596 47.42

6 Mulshi 1,27,305 1,76 66,250 52.04 81,055 47.96

7 Haveli 13,46,346 18.64 7,21,420 53.58 6,24,926 46.42

8 . Pune City 29,96,868 37.33 14,09,931 52.28 12,86,937 47.72

9 Daund 3,41,074 4.72 1,77,033 51.90 1,64,041 49.10

10 Purandar 2,23,384 3.09 1,14,039 51.05 1,09,345 49.95

11 Velhe 5,50,15 0.76 27,316 49.65 27,699 51.35

12 Bhor 1,71,174 2.37 85,112 49.72 86,062 51.28

13 Baramati 3,72,919 5.16 1,92,698 51.67 1,80,221 49.33

14 Indapur 3,48,368 4.82 1,80,638 51.85 1,87,730 49.15

Total 72,24,224 37,68,001 34,56,223

Source; District Statistical Abstract of Pune District 2001-2002

The above table shows the taiukawise distribution o f population in the district. It revealed that the district recorded a total population o f 72,24,224 as per 2001 census. Pune city has the highest share o f the total population with 26,96,868 persons 169 followed by with 13,465346 persons. This is as a result o f basic and essential facilities in these areas.

Employment potential and good education facilities also contributed to the increase in the population o f these areas.

5,4 Agricultural set-epj-

Size of laiidhoMiEgs;

An important feature o f the agriculture economy o f the district is the predominance o f the small holdings o f land.

According to the agricultual Census 1991, the number o f marginal farmers (having zero to one hectare o f land) in the district is 1,93,970, which comes to 38.92% o f the total number o f farmers. The number o f small famrers (having above one to two hectare o f land) is 1,24,316, which is 24.94% o f the total.

Together these two categories o f farmers constitute 63.86% o f the total number o f farmers. On the other hand, medium and large farmers (having more than two hectare o f land) noing only

1,80,176 and comprising 36.14% o f total farmers. This clearly shows that the land distribution is very highly skewed in the district. This unequal distribution o f land holding often acts as a constraint for using the new technology in agriculture. Therefore any effort directed towards development o f rural areas should give special attention to the development o f these smaller land holdings, which dominate the scene.

Land use pattern;-

Out o f the total area o f 15.62 lakh hectares 12% is under forest (i.e. 1.71 lakh hectares) as compared to 18% for the state 170 barren and uncuitivable waste land accounts for another 10%.

Major part o f the land on the western side comes under pasture.

6% o f the land is under permanent pasture. The cultivable area accounts for 64% o f the total area as compared to 59% in the state. As much as I 56I 53OO hectares is sown more than once.

Cropping intensity is 116% as compared to 112% for the state.

The details o f the land use classification are given in the table.

Table No;-5.4.2-StatemeEt Showing Land Use Classtficatioii

Sr.No. Items Hectares Percentage

1 Forest 1,85,600 11.90

2 Barren and uncuitivable land 1,53,100 9.80

3 Land put to nonagricultural use 45,200 2.90

4 Cultivable waste land 38,900 2.50

5 Permanent pasture and other 94,700 6.06

grazing land

6 Land under mise, tree crop and 1,400 0.08

groves not included in area sown

7 Current fallows 13,100 0.84

8 Other fallows 24,900 1.61

9 Net area sown 10,05,200 64.35

10 Area sown more than once 1,61,300 —

171 11 Total cropped area (Gross 11,66,500 cropped area)

Total Geographical Area 15,62,100 100

Cropping pattern:

As stated earlier total area under cultivation in the district

is about 10.05 lakh hectares, which constituted about 64% o f the

total land in the district. The cropping pattern presents a high

degree of diversity largely conditioned by variations in rainfall

and availability o f irrigation water. Out o f 1.66 lakh hectares

gross cropped area 4.2 lakh hectares i.e. 36% is sown in Kharif

and the balance 7.46 lakh hectares (i.e. 64%) is sown in rabbi and

summer season.

Cereals account for 71% o f the total area sown in Kharif,

9% o f the area is occupied by pulses. 11% by oilseeds and the

balance 9% is under sugarcane.

Bajra is the major kharif cereal crop occupying 1,88,200

hectares, followed by paddy with 60,200 hectares, besides kharif jawar (22,300 hectares) and Nagli (13,300 hectares) are the other

prominent cereals.

. Tur, Mug, Udit, Matki, Kulthi are the major pulse crops

occupying an area o f about 40,000 hectares. Groundnut is major

oilseed crop occupying 84% o f the total kharif oilseeds.

172 The eastern talukas get more o f its rainfall in August and

September. These are also talukas with developed irrigation command, so Rabi and summer crops are taken with irrigation.

86% o f the Rabi area is under cereals. Gram is major Rabi pulse covering 35,300 hectares i.e. 5.38% and sunflower is major oil seed covering about 44,000 hectares.

Irrtgatioo;-

O f the total net sown area o f 10.05 lakh hectares, about

1.71 hectares is irrigated which comes to about 17.3% as compared to 13% for the state, o f the total 1.74 lakh hectares total irrigated area, 75500 hectares are irrigated by 89,080 wells, thus ground water accounts for 38% o f irrigation as against 55% for the state.

The maximum Govt, canals are available in so that irrigation are is highest in this taluka followed by

Shirur taluka (7940 hectares) but no area has been occupied by

Govt, canals in Junnar, Mulsi and Maval talukas. The highest area irrigated by ail sources in Baramati taluka is 33966 hectares and lowest area irrigated by all sources in (99 hectares).

5.5 Traasport and commiiislcatioH

The total road length in the district as on 31®* March, 2002 was 13,477 kms. According to the reports, out o f it 5,517 kms o f black topped, 3,521kms o f water bound macadam, 4,439 kms o f granular type material and the rest o f lower types. A railway 173 track runs for a distance o f 311 kms. There are 47 railway

stations in the district which cover Pune city, Haveli, Daund,

Indapur, Baramati, Purandhar and Maval talukas. Although there

are some talukas which are still not connected with railway roads

and all weather roads, (viz., Khed, Junnar, Ambegaon, Shirur,

Bhor and Velhe talukas), the network o f roads in the district is

generally satisfactory. Out of 1862 villages, 1,844 villages have

been electrified, (viz. nearbout 100%). There are 796 post

offices and 93 telegraph offices 2008 in the district.

Transport facilities especially all season roads, plays a very

important role in Agriculture Produce MarketCommittees. There

are three national highways run from the Pune District is situated

on three highways namely- Mumbai-Bangalore. Pune-Hyderabad

and Pune-Nashik.

Aelmal hiisbaiidryj

Agriculture sector has numerous allied sectors and

activities .Animal husbandary is one among them and it plays a vital role. Animal husbandry sector continues to be important

source o f gainful employment as well as it supplements the

income o f rural population. Many a times, it is taken as

subsidiary occupation by farming community.Animal Husbandry

activities include dairy, poultry farming, goat rearing, sheep

rearing and sericulture activities. A ll these activities are carried

out properly in Pune district.

174 5.6 Education, sports and cultural activities:

Since years back, Pune has been known as a hub of learning.The University of Pune, Maharashtra State Board of secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics,B.J. Medical College,Armed Forces Medical College,Engineering College, Agriculture College, Deccan College,College of Military Engineering, these are the only some of the renowned educational institutions, imparting quality education in all fields like engineering, medical, computer technology, business management and arts. Students from all parts of not only Maharahstra but from other states in and abroad therefore come to Pune for their studies. Pune boasts a stadium and numerous play houses the notable among them being the Balgandharva Rangmandir. At Balewadi (near Pune) sports complex has been established in which recently National Games are held and a number of cinema theatres are also prevalent in Pune city and sub-urban areas for entertainment, social and cultural activities. 5.7 Administration: For civil administration, Pune district has Pune Municipal Corporation for Pune city area and 1 1 other Municipal councils.There are three Cantonment Boards viz. Pune, Khadaki and Road.The industrialization in the area has been so phenomenal that the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipalities, which is the richest municipalities in India, was upgraded as corporation from ll"’ October, 1982.

175 Pune district occupies a unique place in

Maharashtra state this is because o f tremendous achievements made by the district in the field o f IT, Industry, Education, and

Cultural Activities.

176 APMC Pune

5.8-APMC Profile:

The MSAMB has 7 divisional offices at Pune, Nasik, Aurangabad, Latur, Amravati, and Nagpur for proper co­ ordination of the activities of all APMCs in the state.

APMC divisions

Ratnagiri Division Raigad, Ratnagir, Sindhudurg

Pune Division Pune, Satara, Solapur, Sangli, Kolhapur

Nasik Division Nasik, Ahmednagar, Jalgaon, Dhule, Nandurbar, Thane, Mumbai

Amaravati Division Amaravati, Akola, Buldhana, Washim, Yavatmal

177 Aurangabad Div. Aurangabad, Jaina, Parbhani, Hingoli

Latur Division Latur, Osmanabad, Beed, Nanded Nagpur Division Nagpur, Bhandara, Gondia, Wardha, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli

General information:-

(i) City Pune (ii) Full Postal Address Shri. Chhatrapati Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune - 37

(iii) E-mail Kii bspu nc3 7 «':red i I'l'mai 1 .com

(iv) Telephone No. with STD code 020-24262349

(V) Year of establishment 1957 (vi) Population Served 7500000

(vii) Geographical area served by 101 Market (No. of Villages etc.)

Administration:-

(i) Regulated /Unregulated Regulated (ii) Year of Regulation 1959

(iii) Name of the Market Legislation Maharashtra

178 Agriculture Produce

Marketing Act 1963

& Rules 1967

(iv) Whether Elected

Elected/Nominated/Superseded

APMC

(V) Name of Administrator Mr. Shailesh

Kotlimire

Address of Administrator ~

Telephone No. of Administrator 24262349

(vii) Name of Officer-in-Charge of Mr S Kotmire

Market Information

Address of Officer-in-Charge of Officer, .APMC,

Market Information Pune

Telephone No. of Officer-in- 24262349

Charge of Market Information

(viii) I f unregulated. Name o f Owner

and Management

(ix) Details o f Staff Supervisory Administrative

a) Permanent 370 0

b) Temporary 60 0

(X) Market holidays Vegetable Saturday,

179 Food-grain Sunday

(xi) Market bourse 5 A M to 8 PM

Market area;-

(i) Notified area Market 190 Acres Committee

(ii) Subyard ( I f any) and It’ s Hadapsar, Pimpri- exact location Chinchwad, Kirkee,

Uttamnagar,

Mangalwarpeth, Mosi

Financial positioK;-

Annual Income Rs 246475573

Annual Expenditure Rs 246458938

Surplus Rs 1663S

Total Reserves with APMC on Rs 665821461

March 2009

180