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Marble Resources of Southeastern Alaska

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Marble Resources of Southeastern Alaska DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JOHN BARTON PAYNE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 682 MARBLE RESOURCES OF SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA BY ERNEST F. BURCHARD WITH A SECTION ON THE GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY BY THEODORE CHAPIN WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920 CONTENTS. Page. Preface, by A. H. Brooks_____________________________ 7 Investigations, by E. F. Burcharcl________________________ 9 Geography and geology, by Theodore Ghapin_________________ 10 Geography _______________________i__________ 10 Location and extent________ ________________ 10 Relief and drainage___________..______________ 10 Glaciation_________________;______________ 11 Climate__________________________________ 11 Timber and vegetation___..____________ __ 12 Population and settlements ______________________ 13 Accessibility_________________________________ 13 Geology _________________________________ ___ 14 General features___ ._________.______ ___ 14 Sedimentary rocks __________________ :__ 14 Igneous rocks_______________________________ 16 Elementary notes on limestone and marble_____T___ ___ 17 Classification _________________________________ 17 Origin of limestone_____________'.__________________________ 18 Character of limestone ___________________________ 21 Varieties of limestone____________________________ 21 Definition of marble____________ _______________ 24 Metamorphism________________________________ 24 Chemical composition __ .._ _ ___ 24 Physical properties _ _______ _______________ 26 Weathering ________________ __________________ 26 The marble deposits, by E. F. Burcharcl____ -_______________________ 26 Geographic distribution_ _____ ______________ 2*6 Topographic relations_ _ _ ___ ' 27 Geologic relations____ _ ____________ 28 Types of marble available ______ ___ ______ 29 The deposits________________ ____________ 40 Mainland at Limestone Inlet_____________-_______ 40 Mainland and islands, Glacier Bay__________________ 41 Chichagof Island__ __ - ______ ______ 45 Tenakee Inlet_________ _ ____ 45 Basket Bay and vicinity_____-_______________ 46 Admiralty Island _____________________________ 48 Point Hepburn__________ ______ _______ 49 Marble Cove and vicinity____________________ 50 Hood Bay ___ ___ _______________ 54 Chaik, Pybus, and Gambier bays________________ 55 Kupreanof Island _____ __ _ _____ 56 Northern part of Prince of Wales Island."_____________ 56 Point Colpoys__ _ _ ___ 56 Red Bay ______________________________ 57 Port Protection _________ _____ ______ 59 Shakan Bay _____________________________ 59 Dry Pass_____________________ ____ 62 El Capitan ___________ _____ ______ 63 3 4 . CONTENTS. The marble deposits Continued. The deposits Continued. Page. Kosciusko Island ____:_______________________ 64 Marble and Orr islands_____________________ 66 General features_____________________1_____ 66 Vermont Marble Co.'s properties_____________ 66 Blue-black limestone____________.. ..__ 67 White and veined marble______.=.______ 68 Quarries_____"____-__________________ 70 Products___________.,_____-___ . 72 Other prospects__________________ 72 Mission-Alaska Quarry Co_ 74 Heceta and neighboring islands___________________ 76 Dall Island_______________________________ 77 Waterfall Bay___________________________ 77 Breezy Bay_____1_______________._______ 80 View Cove_________:___________-_____ 80 Coco Harbor________________,___________ 82 Baldy Bay____________________________ 82 Grace Harbor___________________________ 82 American Bay_______________________________ 82 Cape Muzon__________ ______________ 83 Long Island_______ _ _ 83 Southeastern part of Prince of Wales Island____________ 85 Dolomi__________________ __________ 85 Dickman Bay___________________________ 86 Location _____________________________ 86 Relations and character of the marble__________ 86 Prospects_____ 88 Mainland east of Wrangell Island________. _________ 90 Lake Virginia_.___ ________.._______'_____ 91 Blake Channel___________________________ 92 Blake or Ham Island__ ___ ^___ _______ 93 Mainland near Ham Island___________.__________, 95 Revillagigedo Island______________.._________ 95 Commercial considerations __ 97 Factors controlling value__ _____________ 97 Prospecting__________ . '.______________________ 98 Value of geologic maps ..________ 98 Detailed prospecting__ _____.-_______ 99 Determination of overburden _________..__________ 99 Surface study______ _____________ 99 Diamond-driU prospecting __________ 99 The problem of waste _. ___________ 102 Waste elimination ____ 102 Waste utilization .______._________________ 105 Local sawing plants ; _________ 105 Water power and electricity _____________ 106 Transportation__________ _ _________..____. 109 Competition__________ _ _________________ 109 Production___________ ________________ 110 Uses of Alaska marble- __ ______._____ 110 Important undeveloped deposits___..________________ 112 Patent to marble lands____ _ __________._____ 114 Index _ _ ______ ___. 115 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. PLATE I. Geologic reconnaissance map of southeastern Alaska witn index to marble deposits______ _ 10 II. Map showing marble deposits examined on Chichagof and Admiralty islands_ _____ . 26 III. Map showing marble deposits examined on northern Prince of Wales Island, and on Kosciusko, Marble, Orr, and Heceta islands___________________- 28 IV. Map showing marble deposits examined on Dall and Long islands __________________ _._______ 30 V. Map showing marble deposits examined on southeastern Prince of Wales Island and on Revillagigedo Island__ 32 VI. 4, Photomicrograph of thin section of white marble from Chichagof Island, Tenakee Inlet; B, Photomicrograph of thin section of white marble with light-gray veins from Tokeen_____________________________ 46 VII. A, Schistose marble on wave-scoured beach of Chatham Strait, Admiralty Island, north of Marble Cove; B, Near view of wave-scoured marble on beach of Chatham Strait, Chichagof Island; south of Basket Bay___._ 47 VIII. A, Schistose varicolored marble from beach of Chatham Strait, Admiralty Island, 1 mile north of Marble Cove; B, Fine-grained black marble (blue-black limestone) from Vermont Marble Co.'s property, Tokeen, Marble Island-.______________________________ 50 IX. A, Marble quarry of Alaska Marble Co. at Calder, Prince of Wales Island; B, Indian graveyard on the small marble island at entrance to Dry Pass near Shakan__ 58 X. A, Fossiliferous blue-black limestone beds in tramway cut 250 feet from wharf, Tokeen; B, Stripping operations of Vermont Marble Co., showing surface of weathered marble, Tokeen_________________________ 66 XI. A, Andesite porphyry dike about 1 foot thick cutting marble beds on west side of Vermont Marble Co.'s quarry, Tokeen; B, Face of marble at depth of about . 50 feet in Vermont Marble Co.'s quarry, Tokeen_____ 67 XII. A, First quarry opening, Vermont Marble Co., Tokeen; B, Wharf and water front of Vermont Marble Co.'s prop­ erty, Tokeen________________________ 70 XIII. Vermont Marble Co.'s quarry, Tokeen: A, Southwest cor­ ner; B, Lowest floor____________________ 71 XIV. Marble quarry of Mission-Alaska Quarry .Co. on Orr Island______________________________ 74 XV. A, Veined marble ("Dark Mission") from Mission-Alask*a Quarry Co.'s property, Orr Island; B, Photomicrograph of thin section of veined " Dark Mission " marble from Orr Island_________ .__________________ 76 XVI. Panel of brecciated marble from Tokeen, formed by match- ing slabs sawed from same blockl_____________ 78 5 ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATE XVII. Limestone .from northern part of Heceta Island: "A, Finely mottled limestone; B, Coarsely mottled limestone__ 80 XVIII. A, Fine-grained pink and white mottled marble from Waterfall Bay, Dall Island; B, Photomicrograph of thin section of fine-grained white marble from Waterfall Bay, Dall Island__________________________ 82 XIX. A, Fine-grained gray and variegated marble from Water­ fall Bay, Dall Island; B, Yellow marble from View Cove, Dall Island______________'_______'______ 84 XX. Samples of colored marble from Dickman Bay in office of Alaska-Shamrock Marble Co., Portland, Oreg______ 86 XXI. Marble from Alaska-Shamrock Marble Co.'s property, Dick­ man Bay: A, Fine-grained white marble with faint gray­ ish-green veins; B, Fine-grained gray marble with yel­ lowish streaks and white clouded areas__________ 88 XXII. Marble from Alaska-Shamrock Marble Co.'s property, Dick- man Bay: A, Fine-grained dark grayish-green and white brecciated marble (" black and white ") ; B, Fine-grained green and white brecciated marble________'_____ 90 XXIII. Entrance to Yeon Building, Portland, Oreg., decorated with Tokeen marble______________________ 92 XXIV. Corridor, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, deco­ rated with Tokeen marble__________________ 93 XXV. Lobby of Isaacs Building, Los Angeles, Calif.; floors, stairs, and walls of Tokeen marble________________ 94 XXVI. Entrance to Majestic Theater, Portland, Oreg., decorated with colored marble from Dickman Bay_____ __ 95 FIGURE 1. Map showing marble deposits examined on mainland and islands in Glacier Bay__________________'._______ 42 2. Sketch map showing marble quarry and claims of Alaska Marble Co. on Prince of Wales Island, Shakan Bay_____ 60 3. Sketch map showing claims of Vermont Marble Co. on Marble Island______________________________ 67 4. Map showing marble deposits examined on mainland east of Wrangell Island and on Ham Island______________ 93 5. Sketch map showing claims of Vermont Marble Co. on Ham Island__________________I______________ 94 6. Sketch map of Dickinson
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