Amgk Newsletter Mch 2019
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Goldfish Morphology As a Model for Evolutionary Developmental Biology
Overview Goldfish morphology as a model for evolutionary developmental biology Kinya G. Ota* and Gembu Abe Morphological variation of the goldfish is known to have been established by artificial selection for ornamental purposes during the domestication process. Chinese texts that date to the Song dynasty contain descriptions of goldfish breeding for ornamental purposes, indicating that the practice originated over one thousand years ago. Such a well-documented goldfish breeding process, combined with the phylogenetic and embryological proximities of this species with zebrafish, would appear to make the morphologically diverse goldfish strains suitable models for evolutionary developmental (evodevo) studies. How- ever, few modern evodevo studies of goldfish have been conducted. In this review, we provide an overview of the historical background of goldfish breed- ing, and the differences between this teleost and zebrafish from an evolutionary perspective. We also summarize recent progress in the field of molecular devel- opmental genetics, with a particular focus on the twin-tail goldfish morphology. Furthermore, we discuss unanswered questions relating to the evolution of the genome, developmental robustness, and morphologies in the goldfish lineage, with the goal of blazing a path toward an evodevo study paradigm using this tel- eost species as a new model species. © 2016 The Authors. WIREs Developmental Biology pub- lished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. How to cite this article: WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:272–295. doi: 10.1002/wdev.224 INTRODUCTION processes of goldfish strains have been documented by authors in many different countries using different fi – he gold sh (Carassius auratus) is a well-known, languages.1 9 Of these reports, the descriptions by Tornamental, domesticated teleost species, which Smartt2 are the most up-to-date and cover the widest consists of a number of morphologically divergent range of the literature. -
Transparency and Mottling, a Case of Mendelian Inheritance in the Goldfish Carassius a Uratus” Shisan C
TRANSPARENCY AND MOTTLING, A CASE OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN THE GOLDFISH CARASSIUS A URATUS” SHISAN C. CHES Biologic01 Laboratory, the Scieiice Society of China, Nanking, China TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE IVrRODUCTION. 434 Material and methods 435 Yarrative of the experiments 436 Terminology and symbols 439 Data of breeding experiment4 440 The manifold effects. 445 \Thy transparent fish are rare 446 Somatic mutations, 447 Review of literature and comparison with other cases 449 SI~AEKARY.. 450 IJTTFRAT~XECITl I) .. 4 50 INTRODUCTION In the spring of 1924 I made a preliminary study of the heredity of goldfish by crossing various breeds of goldfish and mating domesticated breeds of goldfish with the wild goldfish. During the progress of this preliminary study I noticed that the inheritance of one of the characters under investigation was rather simple. This character was called “transparent scale” in my previous paper (CHEN1925). The goldfishes of this breed have only a few normal scales, the remainder of the body being apparently naked. The apparently naked part of the body is really covered by scales which, on account of the lack of a layer of reflecting tissue on their inner side, are as trans- parent as glass. This breed of goldfish is called LLshubunkin’’in Japan (MATRUBAKA1908) and is known as “calico” in the United States (INNES1917). Beginning in the spring of 1925 I started more extensive experiments to investigate the mode of inheritance of this character, “transparent sca1e”or “calico.” In the summer of 1925 I obtained enough evidence to prove that the inheritance of this character is Mendelian. -
Goldfish Care Sheet
Goldfish Care Sheet brought in during winter in harsh climates. In aquariums, adult common Often Overlooked goldfish, comets and shubunkins should have at least 20 gallons of One of the most common fish in the aquarium hobby, goldfish belong water per fish, while adult fancy goldfish should have at least 10 gallons to the Family Cyprinidae and are native to eastern Asia. They are related per adult fish. The filter should be slightly over-sized to accommodate to – but not the same as – carp, and were first domesticated from food high waste production and additional aeration is recommended at fish in China over 1,000 years ago. Goldfish can be distinguished from warmer temperatures. Larger goldfish will eat most live plants with the koi and common carp by the absence of barbels or “whiskers” in the possible exception of Cryptocorynes, Java fern and Anubias, although corners of their mouth. Through selective breeding, many “fancy” they may uproot even these. Avoid decorations with sharp edges and goldfish strains sporting different body shapes, colors and fin types are abrasive rocks such as lava and tufa, which may tear delicate fins as well available today. They include comets, shubunkins, fantails, orandas, as eye sacs on bubble eyes, celestial eyes, moors and telescopes. Goldfish ryukins, moors, telescope eyes, celestial eyes, bubble eyes, butterfly tails, like to forage in the substrate, so avoid jagged or crushed glass gravel. pearlscales, wakins, lionheads, ranchus and many more. Orandas, Provide adequate water flow, but avoid strong currents. lionheads and ranchus develop a crown of fatty tissue, called hood growth, over their heads that in mature fish may completely cover their Behavior/Compatibility eyes! Fancy goldfish can become stunningly beautiful and command extremely high prices. -
Caring for Your Goldfish
Adding a Goldfish to a Cleaning Your Fish Bowl Dirty fish bowls not only look bad, they Bowl or Aquarium Caring for Now it’s time to put your new Goldfish in are also unhealthy for fish. By following a their new home! Whenever fish are netted few simple maintenance steps your fish Your and handled, their protective slime coat is bowl will always look beautiful. The following steps are an ideal regiment for rubbed off. When adding fish to any keeping your fish bowl looking great. Goldfish aquarium, be sure to add additional water conditioner to help relieve stress. The best To keep your fish healthy, you should method to add new fish is to float the unopened bag of fish in their new home change at least half of the water in your for 10 minutes to allow the fish to adjust Goldfish bowl or aquarium every 3 days. Follow these easy steps: to the water temperature. Then, open the bag and gently release the fish into their 1. Fill a separate container with tap water. Mix hot and cold tap water new home. The bag water may contain fish waste (ammonia), so try to avoid until it is the same temperature as adding the bag water to the aquarium. the water your Goldfish is swimming in. 2. Add a water conditioner to the tap water to remove the disinfectants Feeding Your Fish that are toxic to your fish. It is best to feed your Goldfish only 3. Add the aquarium salts and test the enough food that it can eat in five pH level, adjusting the pH level as minutes. -
TOP-VIEW GOLDFISH: the OTHER PERSPECTIVE Steve Hopkins
TOP-VIEW GOLDFISH: THE OTHER PERSPECTIVE Steve Hopkins By some accounts, there are over three hundred varieties of goldfish. These can be grouped in various ways such as by tail type, presence or absence of head growth, presence or absence of dorsal fin, eye shape, etc. They can also be grouped based on a whether they were bred and selected to be viewed from the top or viewed from the side. Originally, all goldfish were kept in shallow ponds, ceramic bowls or other containers and viewed from the top. Considering the thousand-year history of goldfish keeping, the glass aquarium is a relatively new innovation which did not come into use until about 150 years ago. However, being able to easily view goldfish from the side through glass has undoubtedly influenced what characteristics are selected for and impacted the development of new varieties. Today, the goldfish hobbyists are a diverse group. While most goldfish are destined for the home aquarium and represent an indoor diversion, goldfish ponds, tubs and goldfish in the water garden continue to increase in popularity. When choosing a goldfish, it is important to consider how it will be viewed and select a variety which is appropriate for the setting in which it will be displayed. In selecting a top-view goldfish, remember that they are typically seen against a dark background. It does not matter what color your tub or pond was when it was new, over time the surfaces will become covered with algae and other growth and appear dark green to black. Without doubt, red and white metallic-scale goldfish provide the contrast to display best against a dark background. -
Online Version August 2015 the Japanese Champion Tamasaba
Online Version August 2015 The Japanese Champion Tamasaba The amazing Tamasaba and Sabao varieties of Japanese Goldfish are featured in an article by member Martin Killip…but first, a Nationwide Open Show…. The North East Goldfish Keepers Open Show 2015 Just half a mile from the Sunderland sea front and its Seaside Promenade is the Redby Community Centre. The North East Goldfish Society members all meet there for the annual Open Show (the 15th year too) and compete for their 25 Classes of Fancy Goldfish. This year (Sunday July 19th 2015) they invited 8 Nationwide Judges, selected from the other three members of the Nationwide Group: Northern Goldfish & Pondkeepers Society, Association of Midland Goldfish Keepers and Bristol Aquarist Society (NGPS, AMGK, BAS). Each variety has its own Nationwide Standard and the judges chose the First, Second and Third in all 25 Classes, but in addition the NEGS present a trophy for the 'Best in Show', 'Best Owner's Bred' and 'Best NEGS Member' and the 'Highest Pointed Competitor'. The Best in Show was a London Shubunkin by Alan Ratcliffe of the NGPS (and NEGS). Alan (left) receives his awards from Dennis Godfrey, Chairman of NEGS. 'Best Owner Bred' was won by Alan too. The 'Best Fish by NEGS member' was won by David Padfield and the 'Highest Pointed Competitor' was Sherridan. Dean receives a First too. The Judges were wined and dined after their work…. They were: Alan Race Alan Ratcliffe Sherridan Moores Dean Roberts Alex King Keith Waters Andrew Barton Bill Ramsden Tamasaba and Sabaos Our frontispiece shows the magnificent Japanese champion. -
1 Goldfish Varieties – Ryukin by Peter J. Ponzio in the Original Article For
Goldfish Varieties – Ryukin By Peter J. Ponzio In the original article for this series, we defined a number of characteristics common to all goldfish, and introduced the concept of goldfish varieties, or different types of goldfish. Each subsequent article would provide detailed guidelines to appreciate and understand the characteristics of each variety recognized by the Goldfish Society of America (GFSA). Line Art for the GFSA standards has been provided courtesy of Merlin Cunliffe. In the prior article, we discussed the fantail goldfish, which developed as a result of a natural mutation from the original single-tail varieties. The fantail was subsequently bred to achieve consistent tail separation, a deeper body structure, and elongated fins. Gradually, different color types were developed, and the fantail, as we know it, was finally stabilized. The Ryukin is probably a development from the fantail goldfish and was selectively bred to emphasize the unique characteristics of this variety. Development of the Ryukin occurred in the Far East, with claims being made for its development both in China and Japan. For our purpose, it is not essential to identify the exact locus of development, but rather to acknowledge the dedication of the fish farmers who stabilized this variety in the Far East. The Ryukin is a double-tail goldfish, which possesses an oval body shape, which is almost round, and paired anal, ventral and pectoral fins. The dorsal fin is usually 1/3 the depth of the body, and the caudal fin, which is forked, is from ¾ to 1-1/2 times the length of the body. -
NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 1
NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 1 Aquatic News 2,50 US$/3,50 Can$/2,50 Euro/2 £/5 Aus$ £/5 2,50 US$/3,50 Can$/2,50 Euro/2 ÉÄw@ÉÄw@ ZZ y|á{xáy|á{xá #4 Issue #4 - 2004 Issue NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 2 DO YOU KNOW THE FACTS OF LIGHT? A strong, vibrant light is essential to the growth and health of your aquarium. This much you probably already know. But did you know that the average fluorescent tube loses LIFE-GLO 2 High-noon spectrum for aquariums, terrariums & vivariums about 50% of its lighting output quality within one year? This results in a distorted spectrum, inefficient plant and coral growth, and less intense fish colors. POWER-GLO Promotes coral, invertebrate and plant growth GLO offers a wide variety of tubes for every aquarium setup. They also provide you with a re- minder sticker to place either directly on the tube AQUA-GLO Intensifies fish colors and promotes plant growth or on the aquarium itself to remind you when it’s time to replace the bulb. FLORA-GLO Optimizes plant growth Or, if you prefer, sign up online at www.hagen.com and we’ll send you a reminder when it’s time. MARINE-GLO Promotes marine reef life So, replace your tubes regularly. You’ll love the results and your fish will love their home. SUN-GLO General purpose aquarium lighting NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 3 Editorial Editorial Dear Reader, "silent as a fish in water", fishes The first three issues of can communicate, often better NUTRAFIN Aquatic News than people.. -
4-22-19 Blue Ridge Koi Availability
Premium Select Koi Sale 15% off 6-8” Premium Select Koi $20.49 each after discount 15% off 12-14” Premium Select Koi $86.28 each after discount * Pictures representative of quality available. Exact fish not pictured. Blue Ridge Koi's 2019 UPS Fish Rates # of Full Boxes of Koi, Butterfly Koi, Goldfish, Catfish, Snails, Tadpoles, Crayfish and Orfe 1 to 3 4 or more 1 to 3 4 or more Price Per Box For All Boxes In Shipment Price Per Box For All Boxes In Shipment AL $60.00 $35.00 NC $35.00 $25.00 AR $60.00 $35.00 ND $70.00 $40.00 AZ $70.00 $40.00 NE $70.00 $40.00 CA $70.00 $40.00 NH $60.00 $35.00 CO $60.00 $35.00 NJ $60.00 $35.00 CT $60.00 $35.00 NM $60.00 $35.00 DE $60.00 $35.00 NV $70.00 $40.00 FL $60.00 $35.00 NY $60.00 $35.00 GA $60.00 $35.00 OH $60.00 $35.00 IA $60.00 $35.00 OK $60.00 $35.00 ID $70.00 $40.00 OR $70.00 $40.00 IL $60.00 $35.00 PA $60.00 $35.00 IN $60.00 $35.00 RI $60.00 $35.00 KS $60.00 $35.00 SC $35.00 $25.00 KY $35.00 $25.00 SD $60.00 $35.00 LA $60.00 $35.00 TN $35.00 $25.00 MA $60.00 $35.00 TX $60.00 $35.00 MD $60.00 $35.00 UT $70.00 $40.00 ME $60.00 $35.00 VA $35.00 $25.00 MI $60.00 $35.00 VT $65.00 $35.00 MN $60.00 $35.00 WA $70.00 $40.00 MO $60.00 $35.00 WI $60.00 $35.00 MS $60.00 $35.00 WV $35.00 $25.00 MT $70.00 $40.00 WY $70.00 $40.00 Please note - 1. -
FL 57. Care of Goldfish
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE Branch of Fish Hatcheries Leaflet FL- 57 Washington 25, D. C. Revised February 1962 CARE OF GOLDFISH HISTlW- Though now found in almost every country in the world, i n captivity and out, the goldfish, Carassius auratus, originated in easter n China as a red mutation of a normally greenish-silvery fish closely rel a ted to and generally resembling the carp. With the carp and many other smaller freshwater fishes including the "barbs" so well-known to t ropical fiSh hobbyists, the goldfish belongs to the great family Cyprinida e which, oddly enough, is found much more abundantly in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern. Xanthic, or orange, color mutations occasionally occur among a variety of wild fishes including the carp its elf, but a s i n the case of albinos , or pure white fishes, these do not oft en live to reproduce their kind under natural conditions, since t heir conspicuous appearance makes them easy t argets for predat ors. In captivity, on the other hand, goldfishes have been bred for many centuries and, by t aking advantage of certain additional mutations of a hereditary character, the breeders have produced a number of odd and colorful varieties , i ncl uding some with odd scales, double tails and fins, no s cales at all, or with certain fins missing altogether, shortened backbones , and enlarged eyes. Though known in the Orient for centuries, the goldfish is a com paratively recent arriv ~ l to the western world. -
Gill Ectoparasites of Goldfish (Carassius Auratus, Pearl Scale
Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 29(5) 2009, 175 Gill ectoparasites of goldfish Carassius( auratus, pearl scale variety) imported into Iran H. Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi1*, S. M. Mood1, B. S. Omrani2, B. Mokhayer1, M. Ahmadi1, M. Soltani1, S. S. Mirzargar1, M. Masoumian3 and J. Pazooki4 1Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; 2Faculty of veterinary medicine, Islamic Azad university , Karaj branch, Karaj, Iran; 3Department of Fish Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti university, Tehran, Iran Abstract Over a ten-month period, the gills of one-hundred imported pearlscale goldfish (Carassius auratus) were examined for ectoparasites, before released from quarantine in Iran. Of the nine species of ectoparasites isolated in this study, six were monogeneans (Dactylogyrus vastator, D. baueri, D. formosus, Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus chinensis and Gyrodactylus. sp.) and three were protistans (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina sp. and Cryptobia sp.).The isolated parasites were fixed and stained by appropriate methods. The fish were imported from south-Asia. The highest and the lowest levels of parasitism were from D. baueri and I. multifiliis respectively. Though shipments came from up to three exporting regions, all shipments were found to have high prevalence and intensity of parasites. It is suggested that exact quarantine is not performed before retail selling for imported fish. We recommend that before transporting internationally, fish should be examined for high risk parasites and other pathogens to prevent the spread of disease and parasites. Introduction (being kept alive in a glass bowl). This species Ornamental fishkeeping is a progressively has several varieties; common goldfish, comet, popular hobby in Iran. -
Goldfish Varieties Poster
m Indu riu str ua ie q s GOLDFISH VARIETIES - (Carassius auratus) A STRAIGHT TAILS Common Goldfish FANTAILS Redcap Fantail PEARLSCALES Most fantail varieties have short globular bodies. Tail and Top of the head deep red, body Have the general characteristics of a fantail with a softer (ALSO KNOWN AS SINGLE TAILS) Body not as long or slender more globular body and characteristic, raised, convex as that of a comet, tail fin is other fins paired except for dorsal fin, which is single. and fins pure white. ECCTTOORRSS EEDDIITTI Common goldfish, comets and shubunkins have relatively (domed) scales. CCOOLLLLE IOONN long slender bodies. Tail fin is single. relatively short. Veiltail Pearlscale Ryukin Body short and globular. Tail fin As described above. Comet Fantail Body short and deep (a depth ¾ double, very broad, with straight-cut Redcap Comet (Tancho trailing edges. Length 1 to 1.5 times Body long and slender, tail fin is As described above. or more than body length) with Comet in Japan) body length. To date this variety has long and well spread. characteristic hump contour on the Top of the head, deep red, body back. The magnitude of the hump not been produced commercially. and fins pure white. increases as the fish matures. Tail is approximately half the length of the body length. Ping Pong Pearlscale Calico The name Ping Pong is used Mirrorscale Comet where the pearlscale’s body shape Scales mainly transparent Tail fin is long and well spread. Shubunkin is extremely round. with many colours same as A row of prominent large scales Scales mainly transparent.