85 An overview on desert aquaculture in Israel Gideon Hulata Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Institute of Animal Science Agricultural Research Organization Bet Dagan, Israel E-mail:
[email protected] Yitzhak Simon Ministry of Agriculture Extension Service Aquaculture Division Bet Dagan, Israel E-mail:
[email protected] Hulata, G. & Simon, Y. 2011. An overview on desert aquaculture in Israel. In V. Crespi & A. Lovatelli, eds. Aquaculture in desert and arid lands: development constraints and opportunities. FAO Technical Workshop. 6–9 July 2010, Hermosillo, Mexico. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings No. 20. Rome, FAO. 2011. pp. 85–112. SUMMARY The State of Israel has a very diverse climate. Most of the country is in a semi-arid zone, with distinct short winter (wet) and long summer (dry) seasons, and a low annual rainfall of around 500 mm (an overall multi-annual average). The country can be divided into two climatic regions: (1) the southern arid/semi-arid areas have very low annual precipitation (<100 mm) and consist of the Negev Desert and the Arava Valley; this arid zone extends also to the Jordan Valley where annual rainfall is below 300 mm; (2) the central-north of the country that has a temperate, Mediterranean climate and a relatively high annual rainfall (>600 mm). Israel has suffered from a chronic water shortage for years. In recent years, however, the situation has developed into a severe crisis; since 1998, the country has suffered from drought, and the annual rainfall was short of the multi-annual average in most of the years.