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Hong Kong Airport Railway‘ Hong Kong Airport Railway This report was compiled by the University of Hong Kong. Please Note: This Project Profile has been prepared as part of the ongoing OMEGA Centre of Excellence work on Mega Urban Transport Projects. The information presented in the Profile is essentially a 'work in progress' and will be updated/amended as necessary as work proceeds. Readers are therefore advised to periodically check for any updates or revisions. The Centre and its collaborators/partners have obtained data from sources believed to be reliable and have made every reasonable effort to ensure its accuracy. However, the Centre and its collaborators/partners cannot assume responsibility for errors and omissions in the data nor in the documentation accompanying them. CONTENTS A INTRODUCTION Type of project Location B BACKGROUND TO PROJECT The need for the Airport Railway Principal project objectives Key enabling mechanisms and decision to proceed Key enabling mechanisms timeline Feasibility studies Main organisations involved Planning and environmental regime Outline of planning regime Environmental issues and ecological mitigation New Town development Land acquisition C PRINCIPAL PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS Route description Main stations Planning context Hong Kong Station Kowloon Station Olympic Station Tsing Yi Station Tung Chung Station Airport Station Project costs Project programme Main engineering features Main contracts and contractors Major civil engineering components D PROJECT TIMELINE Project timeline Project key issues Political and financing issues Fares Route alignment Property development Environmental issues E PROJECT FUNDING AND FINANCE Introduction Background to funding and financing Overview of key stages in funding/financing approach Funding sources Main elements and structure of financing package F OPERATIONS Traffic forecasts to the Airport by type and mode Passenger volume Expected passenger volume Actual passenger volume Fares Service performance G BIBLIOGRAPHY List of figures Figure 1: Airport Core Programme projects ............................................................................................ 8 Figure 2: Map of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (HKSAR) ............................. 8 Figure 3: Aerial Map of Airport Express Line (in red) and Airport Express Line Stations ....................... 9 Figure 4: Hong Kong‘s existing rail network............................................................................................ 9 Figure 5: MTR Network map ................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 6: Map of Airport Express Line .................................................................................................. 10 Figure 7: Map of Tung Chung Line ....................................................................................................... 11 Figure 8: Airport Express Journey Times .............................................................................................. 25 Figure 9: Airport Express Train ............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 10: Master Plan of Hong Kong Station ...................................................................................... 28 Figure 11: Aerial Photo of Hong Kong Station ...................................................................................... 29 Figure 12: Central Subway.................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 13: Master plan of Kowloon Station ........................................................................................... 31 Figure 14: Aerial Photo of Kowloon Station .......................................................................................... 32 Figure 15: Master plan of Olympic Station ............................................................................................ 33 Figure 16: Aerial photo of Olympic Station ........................................................................................... 34 Figure 17: Olympic Station .................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 18: Master plan of Tsing Yi Station ............................................................................................ 36 Figure 19: Aerial photo of Tsing Yi Station ........................................................................................... 36 Figure 20: Master plan of Tung Chung Station ..................................................................................... 38 Figure 21: Aerial photo of Tung Chung Station..................................................................................... 38 Figure 22: Airport Railway Property Development Plan in 2008........................................................... 39 Figure 23: MTRC‘s Annual Expenditure of Airport Railway Project ...................................................... 44 Figure 24: MTRC‘s Expenditure of Airport Railway Project by Categories ........................................... 45 Figure 25: Airport Railway‘s Budget ...................................................................................................... 45 Figure 26: Airport Railway‘s Project Costs at Completion .................................................................... 46 Figure 27: Comparison of Airport Railway Budget and Actual Expenditure ......................................... 46 Figure 28: Airport Railway Project‘s Milestones.................................................................................... 74 Figure 29: Different modes of transport to Hong Kong International Airport ........................................ 93 List of tables Table 1: List of main contractors and consultants ................................................................................ 19 Table 2: Details of Airport Railway Property Development ................................................................... 40 Table 3: Full list of Airport Railway Property Development Developers and Dates .............................. 41 Table 4: Estimated costs of Airport Railway in PADS ........................................................................... 43 Table 5: Whole project costs of the Airport Railway Project ................................................................. 43 Table 6: Construction Dates of the Airport Railway .............................................................................. 47 Table 7: Main Civil Engineering Contractors of Airport Railway (including parts of TCL)..................... 50 Table 8: Airport Railway Key Facts and Figures ................................................................................... 51 Table 9: Key decisions/ events of Airport Railway ................................................................................ 52 Table 10: Summary of equity injection in financial packages (in HKD bn) ........................................... 85 Table 11: List of financial institutions .................................................................................................... 85 Table 12: Fare revenue of Airport Express Line ................................................................................... 89 Table 13: Airport Railway property development in progress and deferred income on airport railway property development (in HKD m) ........................................................................................................ 90 Table 14: Traffic by type and mode to the airport with and without railway .......................................... 91 Table 15: Estimated average patronage of Airport Express per day .................................................... 92 5 List of abbreviations AA Airport Authority ACC Airport Consultative Committee ACE Advisory Council on the Environment ACP Airport Core Programme AEL Airport Express Line CTS-2 Second Comprehensive Transport Strategy EPD Environmental Protection Department HK Hong Kong HKLII Hong Kong Legal Information Institute HKMAO China‘s Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office HKPSG Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guideline JLG Sino-British Joint Liaison Group KCRC Kowloon Canton Railway Corporation LegCo Legislative Council MOU Memorandum of Understanding MTRC Mass Transit Railway Corporation NAPCO New Airport Projects Co-ordination Office PAA Provisional Airport Authority PADS Port and Airport Development Study TCL Tung Chung Line UDHK United Democrat for Hong Kong Notes: All money stated in the report refers to Hong Kong Dollars (HKD). ‗HK Government‘ refers to the Hong Kong Government before the handover on 1 July 1997. ‗HKSAR Government‘ refers to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government after the handover on 1 July 1997. 6 A INTRODUCTION After many years of speculation, on 11 October 1989 the Hong Kong Government announced the development of a new international airport for the city, to be located on Chek Lap Kok, an island off Lantau. The Hong Kong International Airport was to replace the Kai Tak International Airport. As part of the new airport development, an innovative dedicated fast railway service directly between the city centre and the airport was built. It is the world‘s first railway built specifically to serve an airport, with an integrated design for stations and equipment (NAPCO, 1998). The Airport Railway provides
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