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Contesting Patriarchy: the Gender Gap and Gender-Based Violence in Nepali Politics and the Constituent Assembly Election 2013

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Contesting Patriarchy: the Gender Gap and Gender-Based Violence in Nepali Politics and the Constituent Assembly Election 2013 g]kfn sfg"g ;dfh Nepal Law Society GEOC Nepal Contesting Patriarchy: The gender gap and gender-based violence in Nepali politics and the Constituent Assembly election 2013 Rajju Malla Dhakal International IDEA, NLS and GEOC © International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), Nepal Law Society and General Election Observation Committee (GEOC) Nepal 2015. Th is is a joint publication by International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), Nepal Law Society and General Election Observation Committee (GEOC) Nepal. Th is publication is independent of specifi c national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of international IDEA, Nepal Law Society and General Election Observation Committee Nepal or their respective board or Council Members. Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of this publication should be made to: International IDEA Nepal Law Society General Election Observation Strömsborg Babarmahal, Prasutigriha Committee Nepal SE-103 34 Stockholm Margh Kathmandu, Nepal Babarmahal, Prasutigriha Margh Sweden Kathmandu, Nepal International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), Nepal Law Society and General Election Observation Committee Nepal encourage dissemination of their work and will promptly respond to requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications. Author: Rajju Malla Dhakal Copyediting : Susan Sellars-Shrestha Graphic Design : Subarna Kumar Humagai Kathmandu, 2015 ISBN: 978-91-7671-015-9 Contents Executive summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Key fi ndings ................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Key recommendations ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Part I Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 1 Background ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Gender equality in politics ............................................................................................................................................. 9 Women in Nepali politics ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Signifi cance of this study ............................................................................................................................................. 12 Structure of the report .................................................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Political leaders’ survey ............................................................................................................................................... 14 Voters’ survey .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 Interviews with Election Commission and Nepal Police .............................................................................................. 16 Focus group discussion with women’s rights group .................................................................................................... 16 Data management ....................................................................................................................................................... 16 Limitations and constraints .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Part II Findings ............................................................................................................................................................ 18 Chapter 3 Legal and policy instruments ..................................................................................................................... 19 Interim Constitution 2007 ............................................................................................................................................. 19 Members of Constituent Assembly Election Ordinance 2013 ..................................................................................... 20 Election Commission’s Gender and Inclusion Policy ................................................................................................... 21 Comprehensive Peace Accord 2006 ........................................................................................................................... 22 National Action Plan on Gender-Based Violence 2010 ............................................................................................... 22 Gaps ............................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Electoral reform ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 Chapter 4 Gender consequences of the new political context ................................................................................... 25 Political transition after dissolution of the fi rst CA ........................................................................................................25 Increased number of political parties ........................................................................................................................... 25 Maoist split and non-participation in election ............................................................................................................... 27 Civil society activism to maintain 33% women’s representation .................................................................................. 28 III Chapter 5 Political barriers: Political will and the rules of the game ............................................................................ 30 Comparison of gender policies of political parties ...................................................................................................... 30 Representation of women in political parties ............................................................................................................... 32 Gender sensitivity in discussions ................................................................................................................................. 33 Does your party have a gender policy? ....................................................................................................................... 34 Appointment of women to decision-making positions .................................................................................................. 35 Involvement in decision-making processes ................................................................................................................. 37 Participation in decision making .................................................................................................................................. 38 Electoral quota and nomination of women .................................................................................................................. 39 Implementation of electoral quota .............................................................................................................................. 39 Nomination of women for direct election ..................................................................................................................... 40 Implementation of 33% quota for women when nominating candidates ..................................................................... 41 Satisfaction with process of nomination of women ...................................................................................................... 42 Chapter 6 Support for female politicians ..................................................................................................................... 44 General support ........................................................................................................................................................... 44 Family .......................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Political parties ........................................................................................................................................................... 45 Media ........................................................................................................................................................................... 48 Civil society and I/NGOs .............................................................................................................................................
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