Indonesia’S Actions on IAS
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Guide for Negotiators of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
GUIDE FOR NEGOTIATORS OF MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS 1 Guide for Negotiators of Multilateral Environmental Agreements ISBN: 978-92-807-2807-1 Job Number: DEL/0932/NA Produced by the UNEP Division of Environmental Law and Conventions Director of Publication: Bakary Kante Writers/Project Coordinators: Mary Jane Mace of FIELD, and Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, Carl Bruch and Charlotte Salpin of UNEP Cover Design: Division of Communication and Public Information, UNEP Design and Layout: UNON/Publishing Section Services/Nairobi; Paul Odhiambo Image Credits: O. Broders / Still Pictures Rapids Colorado/Paria river junction, USA, Arizona, Glen Canyon , The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributoring organisations or individuals. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form of educational or non-proper services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. 2 GUIDE FOR NEGOTIATORS OF MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AgREEMENTS Acknowledgments This publication was prepared by Mary Jane Mace with assistance of Jona Razzaque, Scott La Franchi, Abu Raihan Khalid, Alastair Cameron and Zornitsa Vakova of FIELD in collaboration with Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, Carl Bruch and Charlotte Salpin of UNEP. 3 Acronyms AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States AhWG Ad Hoc Working Group CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CITES Convention -
CBD Sixth National Report
SIXTH NATIONAL REPORT OF MALAYSIA to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) December 2019 i Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... vi Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................... vii Preamble ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 1: UPDATED COUNTRY BIODIVERSITY PROFILE AND COUNTRY CONTEXT ................................... 1 1.1 Malaysia as a Megadiverse Country .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Major pressures and factors to biodiversity loss ................................................................................. 3 1.3 Implementation of the National Policy on Biological Diversity 2016-2025 ........................................ -
A Guide to the Ants of Sabangau
A Guide to the Ants of Sabangau The Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project November 2014 A Guide to the Ants of Sabangau All original text, layout and illustrations are by Stijn Schreven (e-mail: [email protected]), supple- mented by quotations (with permission) from taxonomic revisions or monographs by Donat Agosti, Barry Bolton, Wolfgang Dorow, Katsuyuki Eguchi, Shingo Hosoishi, John LaPolla, Bernhard Seifert and Philip Ward. The guide was edited by Mark Harrison and Nicholas Marchant. All microscopic photography is from Antbase.net and AntWeb.org, with additional images from Andrew Walmsley Photography, Erik Frank, Stijn Schreven and Thea Powell. The project was devised by Mark Harrison and Eric Perlett, developed by Eric Perlett, and coordinated in the field by Nicholas Marchant. Sample identification, taxonomic research and fieldwork was by Stijn Schreven, Eric Perlett, Benjamin Jarrett, Fransiskus Agus Harsanto, Ari Purwanto and Abdul Azis. Front cover photo: Workers of Polyrhachis (Myrma) sp., photographer: Erik Frank/ OuTrop. Back cover photo: Sabangau forest, photographer: Stijn Schreven/ OuTrop. © 2014, The Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project. All rights reserved. Email [email protected] Website www.outrop.com Citation: Schreven SJJ, Perlett E, Jarrett BJM, Harsanto FA, Purwanto A, Azis A, Marchant NC, Harrison ME (2014). A Guide to the Ants of Sabangau. The Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project, Palangka Raya, Indonesia. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of OuTrop’s partners or sponsors. The Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project is registered in the UK as a non-profit organisation (Company No. 06761511) and is supported by the Orangutan Tropical Peatland Trust (UK Registered Charity No. -
Worldwide Spread of the Difficult White-Footed Ant, Technomyrmex Difficilis (Hymeno- Ptera: Formicidae)
Myrmecological News 18 93-97 Vienna, March 2013 Worldwide spread of the difficult white-footed ant, Technomyrmex difficilis (Hymeno- ptera: Formicidae) James K. WETTERER Abstract Technomyrmex difficilis FOREL, 1892 is apparently native to Madagascar, but began spreading through Southeast Asia and Oceania more than 60 years ago. In 1986, T. difficilis was first found in the New World, but until 2007 it was mis- identified as Technomyrmex albipes (SMITH, 1861). Here, I examine the worldwide spread of T. difficilis. I compiled Technomyrmex difficilis specimen records from > 200 sites, documenting the earliest known T. difficilis records for 33 geographic areas (countries, island groups, major islands, and US states), including several for which I found no previously published records: the Bahamas, Honduras, Jamaica, the Mascarene Islands, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Africa, and Washington DC. Almost all outdoor records of Technomyrmex difficilis are from tropical areas, extending into the subtropics only in Madagascar, South Africa, the southeastern US, and the Bahamas. In addition, there are several indoor records of T. dif- ficilis from greenhouses at zoos and botanical gardens in temperate parts of the US. Over the past few years, T. difficilis has become a dominant arboreal ant at numerous sites in Florida and the West Indies. Unfortunately, T. difficilis ap- pears to be able to invade intact forest habitats, where it can more readily impact native species. It is likely that in the coming years, T. difficilis will become increasingly more important as a pest in Florida and the West Indies. Key words: Biogeography, biological invasion, exotic species, invasive species. Myrmecol. News 18: 93-97 (online 19 February 2013) ISSN 1994-4136 (print), ISSN 1997-3500 (online) Received 28 November 2012; revision received 7 January 2013; accepted 9 January 2013 Subject Editor: Florian M. -
Xylosandrus Compactus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae - Black Twig Borer) Is a Highly Polyphagous Pest of Woody Plants Which Has Recently Been Reported from Italy and France
EPPO, 2020 Mini data sheet on Xylosandrus compactus Added to the EPPO Alert List in 2017 – Deleted in 2020 Reasons for deletion: Xylosandrus compactus and its associated fungi have been included in EPPO Alert List for more than 3 years and during this period no particular international action was requested by the EPPO member countries. In 2020, the Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations agreed that it could be deleted, considering that sufficient alert has been given. Why: Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae - black twig borer) is a highly polyphagous pest of woody plants which has recently been reported from Italy and France. It probably originates from Asia and has been introduced to other parts of the world, most probably with trade of plants and wood. In parts of Italy (Lazio), serious damage has recently been observed on Mediterranean maquis plants in a natural environment. As this pest might also present a risk to many woody plants in nurseries, plantations, orchards, parks and gardens, scientists who had observed this outbreak in Lazio recommended that X. compactus should be added to the EPPO Alert List. Where: X. compactus is widely distributed in Africa, Asia and South America. It has been introduced in the Pacific Islands, New Zealand, Southeastern USA, and more recently in Europe in Italy and Southern France. X. compactus is thought to originate from East Asia. EPPO region: Italy (first found in 2011 - Campania, Lazio, Liguria, Sicilia and Toscana), France (first found in 2016 - Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur region), Greece (first found in 2019), Spain (Baleares only). Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Congo (Democratic Republic of), Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mauritius, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe. -
Technomyrmex Difficilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the West Indies
428 Florida Entomologist 91(3) September 2008 TECHNOMYRMEX DIFFICILIS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN THE WEST INDIES JAMES K. WETTERER Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458 ABSTRACT Technomyrmex difficilis Forel is an Old World ant often misidentified as the white-footed ant, Technomyrmex albipes (Smith). The earliest New World records of T. difficilis are from Miami-Dade County, Florida, collected beginning in 1986. Since then, it has been found in at least 22 Florida counties. Here, I report T. difficilis from 5 West Indian islands: Antigua, Nevis, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, and St. Thomas. Colonies were widespread only on St. Croix. It is probable that over the next few years T. difficilis will become increasingly important as a pest in Florida and the West Indies. Key Words: exotic species, Technomyrmex difficilis, pest ants, West Indies RESUMEN El Technomyrmex difficilis Forel es una hormiga del Mundo Antiguo que a menudo es mal identificada como la hormiga de patas blancas, Technomyrmex albipes (Smith). Los registros mas viejos de T. difficilis son del condado de Miami-Dade, Florida, recolectadas en el princi- pio de 1986. Desde entonces, la hormiga ha sido encontrada en por lo menos 22 condados de la Florida. Aquí, informo de la presencia de T. difficilis en 5 islas del Caribe: Antigua, Nevis, Puerto Rico, St. Croix y St. Thomas. Las colonias solamente fueron muy exparcidas en St. Croix. Es probable que la importancia de T. difficilis como plaga va a aumentar durante los proximos años en la Florida y el Caribe. The white-footed ant, Technomyrmex albipes MATERIALS AND METHODS (Smith), has long been considered a pest in many parts of the world. -
Ants - White-Footed Ant (360)
Pacific Pests and Pathogens - Fact Sheets https://apps.lucidcentral.org/ppp/ Ants - white-footed ant (360) Photo 1. White-footed ant, Technomyrmex species, Photo 2. White-footed ant, Technomyrmex species, tending an infestation of Icerya seychellarum on tending an infestation of mealybugs on noni (Morinda avocado for their honeydew. citrifolia) for their honeydew. Photo 3. White-footed ant, Technomyrmex albipes, side Photo 4. White-footed ant, Technomyrmex albipes, view. from above. Photo 5. White-footed ant, Technomyrmex albipes; view of head. Common Name White-footed ant; white-footed house ant. Scientific Name Technomyrmex albipes. Identification of the ant requires expert examination as there are several other species that are similar. Many specimens previously identified as Technomyrmex albipes have subsequently been reidentified as Technomyrmex difficilis (difficult white-footed ant) or as Technomyrmex vitiensis (Fijian white-footed ant), which also occurs worldwide. Distribution Worldwide. Asia, Africa, North and South America (restricted), Caribbean, Europe (restricted), Oceania. It is recorded from Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna. Hosts Tent-like nests made of debris occur on the ground within leaf litter, under stones or wood, among leaves of low vegetation, in holes, crevices and crotches of stems and trunks, in the canopies of trees, and on fruit. The ants also make nests in wall cavities of houses, foraging in kitchens and bathrooms. Symptoms & Life Cycle Damage to plants is not done directly by Technomyrmex albipes, but indirectly. The ants feed on honeydew of aphids, mealybugs, scale insects and whiteflies, and prevent the natural enemies of these pests from attacking them. -
Ergatomorph Wingless Males in Technomyrmex Vitiensis Mann, 1921 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
JHR 53: 25–34 (2016) Ergatomorph wingless males in Technomyrmex vitiensis ... 25 doi: 10.3897/jhr.53.8904 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://jhr.pensoft.net Ergatomorph wingless males in Technomyrmex vitiensis Mann, 1921 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Pavel Pech1, Aleš Bezděk2 1 Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic 2 Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Corresponding author: Pavel Pech ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Ohl | Received 19 April 2016 | Accepted 1 August 2016 | Published 19 December 2016 http://zoobank.org/2EFE69ED-83D7-4577-B3EF-DCC6AAA4457D Citation: Pech P, Bezděk A (2016) Ergatomorph wingless males in Technomyrmex vitiensis Mann, 1921 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53: 25–34. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.53.8904 Abstract Ergatomorph wingless males are known in several species of the genus Technomyrmex Mayr, 1872. The first record of these males is given inT. vitiensis Mann, 1921. In comparison with winged males, wingless males have a smaller thorax and genitalia, but both forms have ocelli and the same size of eyes. Wingless males seem to form a substantial portion (more than 10%) of all adults in examined colony fragments. Wingless males are present in colonies during the whole year, whereas the presence of winged males seems to be limited by season. Wingless males do not participate in the taking care of the brood and active forag- ing outside the nest. Males of both types possess metapleural gland openings. Beside males with normal straight scapes, strange hockey stick-like scapes have been observed in several males. -
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS THAILAND January 2007 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/32E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department Overview of forest pests – Thailand DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in Thailand. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). ii Overview of forest pests – Thailand TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests...................................................................................................................... 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases.................................................................................................................. -
Brazil a Primer on Deforestation for Religious Leaders and Faith Communities
BRAZIL A PRIMER ON DEFORESTATION FOR RELIGIOUS LEADERS AND FAITH COMMUNITIES Brazil is home to 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest—and one-third of the world’s rainforests. This rainforest cover makes Brazil the most biodiverse country on Earth. Between 2004 and 2014, the rate of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon fell nearly 80 percent to the lowest levels on record. During the same period, Brazil's economy grew roughly 40 percent, suggesting a decoupling of economic growth from deforestation. After a decade of decline, however, deforestation spiked in 2016 to the highest level since 2008, and in 2017 Brazil experienced its second highest rate of tree cover loss. BRAZIL'S FORESTS ARE A SACRED TRUST The Brazilian Amazon is the largest remaining expanse of tropical forest in This biodiversity is a foundation of healthy ecosystems in Brazil and beyond. the world, and accounts for almost half of the country’s land area.4 Tropical It represents a source of invaluable knowledge, remarkable beauty, and forests are also found in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Caatinga, Pampa and fundamental cultural meaning to indigenous peoples. Protecting the forest, its Pantanal biomes. Brazil’s forests are truly unique. They are also indispensable biodiversity, and the rights of its indigenous peoples and local communities, is to the future of Brazil’s people, and to the global environment. As such, they one of the great moral imperatives of our time. represent a sacred trust which we are bound to protect. The Amazon rainforest supports human well-being by playing an active role Thanks to its forests, Brazil is the most biodiverse country in the world. -
Black Twig Borer Chris B
RESEARCH LABORATORY TECHNICAL REPORT Black Twig Borer Chris B. Riley, PhD, Entomologist Black twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus) is a species of ambrosia beetle that can attack and infest both healthy and stressed woody plants. Like all ambrosia beetles, the black twig borer has a symbiotic, or mutually beneficial, relationship with the fungus it carries. In new hosts, the black twig borer introduces and colonizes the fungus as a food source for adults and larvae. This species is native to Southeast Asia but was introduced to Florida in the 1940s and has since spread over much of the southeastern United States. Description tunnels, or galleries. The collection of different life stages occurring within a gallery is referred to as a Adult black twig borers are approximately 1/16 in (1.6 brood (Figure 2). mm) in length and range in color from light brown to black, depending on their age (Figure 1). New Figure 2: Infested twig with brood of the black twig infestations are solely caused by adult females, which borer; wood staining is due to colonization by the are usually larger than males and the only ones capable introduced fungus of flight. Adult females will typically create entrance/exit holes less than 1/25 in (1 mm) in diameter on the underside of twigs. Upon entering a host, they introduce a symbiotic fungus that serves as a food resource for the beetles and can clog the water- conducting xylem tissue of the tree. At different times throughout the growing season, all life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) can be found inside these Figure 1: Younger (left) and older (right) black twig borer adults Life Cycle Adult beetles overwinter in twigs and emerge in early spring. -
Bioinvasion and Global Environmental Governance: the Transnational Policy Network on Invasive Alien Species China's Actions O
1 Bioinvasion and Global Environmental Governance: The Transnational Policy Network on Invasive Alien Species China’s Actions on IAS Description1 The People’s Republic of China is a communist state in East Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam. For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. The claimed area of the ROC includes Mainland China and several off-shore islands (Taiwan, Outer Mongolia, Northern Burma, and Tuva, which is now Russian territory). The current President Ma Ying-jeou reinstated the ROC's claim to be the sole legitimate government of China and the claim that mainland China is part of ROC's territory. The extremely diverse climate; tropical in south to subarctic in north, varies over the diverse terrain, mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east. After 1978, Deng Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. Economic development has been more rapid in coastal provinces than in the interior, and approximately 200 million rural laborers and their dependents have relocated to urban areas to find work. One demographic consequence of the "one child" policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. For much of the population (1.3 billion), living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight.