SLST 100 Introduction to Russian Society and Culture September 2020

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SLST 100 Introduction to Russian Society and Culture September 2020 Department of Germanic and Slavic Studies SLST 100 Introduction to Russian Society and Culture September 2020 Instructor: Dr. Julia Rochtchina Contact email: [email protected] Taught online: the course will integrate both asynchronous and synchronous methods. Zoom sessions for group discussion: W 4:30-6:00 pm (You have an option of submitting your individual answers if you cannot attend these sessions. Please contact me in advance by email if you choose that option.) Online Office Hours: Wednesday 2:00-3:00 pm and Friday 10:30-11:30 am (please let me know 24 hours in advance by email if you want to meet with me during my office hours and I’ll send you a Zoom invitation). COURSE DESCRIPTION This is a foundation course for our Russian and Slavic Studies program. It is also a great elective for everyone interested in Russia from its earliest times to the present. We will explore Russian historical ties to other Slavic cultures, Asia and Europe and discuss the Russian national character as a cultural phenomenon by examining its geographical, historical and political sources. The class format will include pre-recorded video lectures by your instructor, guest lectures, online project presentations, discussion sessions, film clips and literary readings. In English. No prerequisites. READING LIST • Hosking, Geoffrey. Russian History: A Very Short Introduction. Kindle Edition (Free access through UVic library). This is our short overview of Russian history, we’ll read the entire book. • Gilchrist, Cherry. Russian Magic: Living Folk Traditions of an Enchanted Landscape. Lume Books. Kindle Edition. (Access to be purchased from Amazon for 3.99 CAD). We’ll read selected chapters. • Fedina, Olga. What Every Russian Knows (And You Don't). Kindle Edition (Access to be purchased from Amazon for 6.00 CAD). We’ll read selected chapters. • In addition, I’ll ask you to read selected Russian fairy tales online. The links will be posted on Brightspaces. Note: The above books are available as Kindle e-books. You can download Kindle app for any of your electronic device (free download) to purchase and read the required texts. COURSE EVALUATION Tests – 45% 3 online tests total, multiple choice questions and open end questions on lectures and readings, 15% each.* Participation – 15% Participation in group discussion (summaries posted on Brightspace) or individual forum postings, graded.** Film reflections project – 15% Creative film project assigned on week 6 and due to submit on Nov. 2.*** Final research project – 25% Final project on a selected topic; assigned at the end of the course and due to submit on December 14. **** *Each test will be offered on a Wednesday at 4:30 (this is the time for our Zoom sessions). The dates of the tests are listed below in the Course Calendar. Please make yourself available for all three scheduled tests at the time indicated. If a students faces technical difficulties during the test (Internet connection fails, computer crashes, etc.), a different testing option will be arranged (one-on-one test with the instructor or a TA via Zoom). ** Evaluation criteria for participation will be posted on Brigthspace. *** Project requirements, format options and grading rubric will be posted on Brightspace. **** Different format options (essay, video presentation, etc.) will be given. Project requirements and grading Rubric will be posted on Brightspace. TENTATIVE COURSE CALENDAR Module 1: Welcome and Introduction to the Course Week 1. Wednesday, September 9 This Wednesday we’ll meet for a brief welcome by the instructor and do a practice run of our future discussion sessions. You’ll have a chance to ask questions about the course, virtually meet other students and participate in a practice round of a group discussion. Assignments for the week - Post your practice group discussion summary on Brightspace Forum by Thursday Sep. 10, 11:30 pm. Those who could not attend the Zoom session are responsible for posting their individual answers by the same date. Note: this is a practice round to help you familiarize yourself with how the group discussion works and will not be included in your final grade calculations! - Watch Introductory Lecture 1 by Julia Rochtchina: The Russians: a look from inside and outside. - Watch Guest Lecture by Veta Chitnev (Russian Professor from UBC): The Russian Etiquette. - Watch Youtube video: Russia. Interesting Facts About Russia: geography, climate, resources, major cities. Module 2: Russia and the Russians, Early History, Folk Stories Week 2. Wednesday, September 16 Discussion 1 on Russian and the Russians. Interesting facts about Russia (based on two lectures and a video assigned for week 1; questions will be posted on Brightspace) Assignments for the week - Group discussion summary 1 must be posted on Brightspace Forum by Thursday Sep. 17, 11:30 pm. Those who could not attend the Zoom session are responsible for posting their individual answers by the same date. This and all further postings are graded and included in your Group discussion component of the course (up to 15% total for 9 discussion sessions). - Watch Lecture 2 by Julia Rochtchina: The Slavs. The Rus. Origin of the State. - Conduct independent Internet research on Russian cities: find most interesting – amazing – provocative – cool facts about a Russian city of your choice to share with your class mates (find out what the “Golden Ring” cities are and what their cultural and historical significance is; bring this to group discussion on Wed., Sep. 23.) Week 3. Wednesday, September 23 Discussion 2 on The Slavs. The Rus. Origin of the State. The Russians cities: Kiev, Novgorod, the Golden Ring Cities, interesting facts about Russian cities. Assignments for the week - Group discussion summary 2 posted on Brightspace Forum by Thursday, Sep. 24, 11.30 pm - Watch Lecture 3 by Julia Rochtchina. Old Beliefs. Slavic ancient gods. - Watch Guest Lecture on «Death in Russian Culture: Beliefs, Rituals, and Representations» by Emmanuelle Guenette (PhD student in the Germanic and Slavic Studies Program, UVic). - Read Chapter 1. The Russian Magical World and Chapter 2. Mother Russia and Her Heroes in Gilchrist, Cherry. Russian Magic: Living Folk Traditions of an Enchanted Landscape. Lume Books. Kindle Edition. Week 4. Wednesday, September 30 Discussion 3 on Old Beliefs. Slavic ancient gods. Death in Russian Culture (based on lectures and readings for week 3) Assignments for the week - Group discussion summary 3 posted on Brightspace Forum by Thursday, Oct. 1, 11.30 pm - Watch Lecture 4 by Julia Rochtchina. Nature spirits (domovoi, leshii, vodianoi, rusalka). - Watch Russian animation Adventures of a House-Elf (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGF0tkLVOIQ) - Read Rusalka (The Water-Nymph) by A.Pushkin (https://russian-crafts.com/russian-folk-tales/rusalka-the- water-nymth.html) - Read one tale for Oct. 7 discussion session Baba Yaga (required) http://russian-crafts.com/russian-folk-tales/baba-yaga-en.html - Read following tales for Oct. 14 discussion session: Ivan Tsarevitch and the Grey Wolf (required) http://russian-crafts.com/russian-folk-tales/the- death-of-koshchei-the-deathless.html The Death of Koshchei the Deathless (required) http://russian-crafts.com/russian-folk-tales/the- death-of-koshchei-the-deathless.html The Apples of Youth and the Water of Life: A Russian Fairy Tale (optional) https://bytheonionsea.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/the-apples-of-youth-and-the-water-of-life- a-russian-fairy-tale.pdf Week 5. Wednesday, October 7 Test 1. Wednesday, October 7 at 4:30 pm (on discussions 1-3, Lectures 1-4 by J.Rochtchina, Guest lecture by V.Chitnev; Russian Magic: Chapters 1 and 2, poem Rusalka and the tale Baba Yaga) Discussion 4 (begins after the test at 5:00 pm) on Nature spirts: lecture, animation Adventures of a House-Elf, Pushkin’s poem Rusalka and the tale Baba Yaga (Note: other fairy tales will be discussed next week). Assignments for the week - Group discussion summary 4 posted on Brightspace Forum by Thursday, Oct. 8, 11.30 pm - Watch Lecture 5 by Julia Rochtchina. Russian Folktales. The Fool, Firebird, Baba Yaga, Koshchei the Deathless. - Read two more tales: Ivanushka the Simpleton http://russian-crafts.com/russian-folk-tales/ivanushka-simpleton.html Emelya and Magic Pike https://www.russianamericancompany.com/emelya-and-magic-pike/ - Read the chapters: The Secrets of Life and Death in Gilchrist, Cherry. Russian Magic: Living Folk Traditions of an Enchanted Landscape. Lume Books. Kindle Edition. (Может быть, как групповой спец проект?) Chapter on Yemelya the Simpleton in Fedina, Olga. What Every Russian Knows (And You Don't) (p. 51). Kindle Edition. Module 3: Pivotal Events in Russian History Week 6. Wednesday, October 14 Discussion 5 on Russian Fairy tale characters (based on stories assigned on week 4 and 5); The Secrets of Life and Death in Gilchrist; Yemelya the Simpleton in Fedina, What Every Russian Knows). Assignments for the week - Group discussion summary 5 posted on Brightspace Forum by Thursday, Oct. 15, 11.30 pm - Watch Lecture 6 by Julia Rochtchina. Adopting Christianity. Russian Orthodox Church. Religious dualism. - Watch film Prince Vladimir - Start working on your project on Prince Vladimir (due to submit on Monday, Nov. 2): read project requirements and grading rubric; select topic and format (see Brightspace for details). - Read the Introduction and Chapter 1. Kievan Rus and the Mongols in Hosking, Russian History: A Very Short Introduction. Week 7. Wednesday, October 21 No discussion session this week, the time is set aside for you to focus on your film project, make an appointment with me or my TA if you have questions regarding this project. - Watch Lecture 7 by Julia Rochtchina. Mongol-Tatar occupation and its mark on the Russian political and administrative system. Mongol traces in Russian language and folk customs. Week 8. Wednesday, October 28 Discussion 6 on Adopting Christianity, film Prince Vladimir, Mongol-Tatar occupation; readings Hosking Chapter 1 Submit your Film Project on Prince Vladimir by Monday, November 2, 11:30 pm.
Recommended publications
  • Ivan Vladislavovich Zholtovskii and His Influence on the Soviet Avant-Gavde
    87T" ACSA ANNUAL MEETING 125 Ivan Vladislavovich Zholtovskii and His Influence on the Soviet Avant-Gavde ELIZABETH C. ENGLISH University of Pennsylvania THE CONTEXT OF THE DEBATES BETWEEN Gogol and Nikolai Nadezhdin looked for ways for architecture to THE WESTERNIZERS AND THE SLAVOPHILES achieve unity out of diverse elements, such that it expressed the character of the nation and the spirit of its people (nnrodnost'). In the teaching of Modernism in architecture schools in the West, the Theories of art became inseparably linked to the hotly-debated historical canon has tended to ignore the influence ofprerevolutionary socio-political issues of nationalism, ethnicity and class in Russia. Russian culture on Soviet avant-garde architecture in favor of a "The history of any nation's architecture is tied in the closest manner heroic-reductionist perspective which attributes Russian theories to to the history of their own philosophy," wrote Mikhail Bykovskii, the reworking of western European precedents. In their written and Nikolai Dmitriev propounded Russia's equivalent of Laugier's manifestos, didn't the avantgarde artists and architects acknowledge primitive hut theory based on the izba, the Russian peasant's log hut. the influence of Italian Futurism and French Cubism? Imbued with Such writers as Apollinari Krasovskii, Pave1 Salmanovich and "revolutionary" fervor, hadn't they publicly rejected both the bour- Nikolai Sultanov called for "the transformation. of the useful into geois values of their predecessors and their own bourgeois pasts? the beautiful" in ways which could serve as a vehicle for social Until recently, such writings have beenacceptedlargelyat face value progress as well as satisfy a society's "spiritual requirements".' by Western architectural historians and theorists.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Condenser’ in Eldar Ryazanov’S Irony of Fate VOL
    ESSAY Soviet Bloc(k) Housing and the Self-Deprecating ‘Social Condenser’ in Eldar Ryazanov’s Irony of Fate VOL. 113 (MARCH 2021) BY LARA OLSZOWSKA A completely atypical story that could happen only and exclusively on New Year's Eve. – Eldar Ryazanov, Irony of Fate, 1976. Zhenya lives in apartment № 12 of unit 25 in the Third Builder Street, and so does Nadia, only that she lives in Leningrad, whereas Zhenya lives in Moscow. After a heavy drinking session at the bathhouse with friends on New Year’s Eve, Zhenya accidentally gets on a flight to Leningrad one of his friends had booked for himself. Still intoxicated on arrival, he gives his address to a taxi driver and arrives “home”. He lets himself into Nadia’s flat with his key – even their locks match – and falls asleep. When Nadia wakes him, the comical love story between the two takes center stage and the coincidence of their matching housing blocks seems to be little more than a funny storytelling device. Upon further examination it is far more significant. The misleading epigraph at the start of Eldar Ryazanov’s Irony of Fate quoted above links the ludicrous events that follow to the date on which they unfold. On New Year’s Day 1976, the film was first broadcast to television audiences across the Soviet Union, telling an extraordinary tale in a very ordinary place. This “atypical story” is not really a result of the magic of New Year’s Eve alone, but more so a product of its setting: a Soviet apartment in a Soviet housing block in a socialist city.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inextricable Link Between Literature and Music in 19Th
    COMPOSERS AS STORYTELLERS: THE INEXTRICABLE LINK BETWEEN LITERATURE AND MUSIC IN 19TH CENTURY RUSSIA A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Music Ashley Shank December 2010 COMPOSERS AS STORYTELLERS: THE INEXTRICABLE LINK BETWEEN LITERATURE AND MUSIC IN 19TH CENTURY RUSSIA Ashley Shank Thesis Approved: Accepted: _______________________________ _______________________________ Advisor Interim Dean of the College Dr. Brooks Toliver Dr. Dudley Turner _______________________________ _______________________________ Faculty Reader Dean of the Graduate School Mr. George Pope Dr. George R. Newkome _______________________________ _______________________________ School Director Date Dr. William Guegold ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECULAR ART MUSIC IN RUSSIA……..………………………………………………..……………….1 Introduction……………………..…………………………………………………1 The Introduction of Secular High Art………………………………………..……3 Nicholas I and the Rise of the Noble Dilettantes…………………..………….....10 The Rise of the Russian School and Musical Professionalism……..……………19 Nationalism…………………………..………………………………………..…23 Arts Policies and Censorship………………………..…………………………...25 II. MUSIC AND LITERATURE AS A CULTURAL DUET………………..…32 Cross-Pollination……………………………………………………………...…32 The Russian Soul in Literature and Music………………..……………………...38 Music in Poetry: Sound and Form…………………………..……………...……44 III. STORIES IN MUSIC…………………………………………………… ….51 iii Opera……………………………………………………………………………..57
    [Show full text]
  • Preservation and Changes of Russian Culture from the Perspective of Film Language — Taking Attraction As an Example
    Preservation and Changes of Russian Culture from the Perspective of Film Language — Taking Attraction as an Example Wenhan Yang Heilongjiang University, Harbin 116085, Heilongjiang, China Email: [email protected] Abstract: The changes of Russian literature and film language, to some extent, mirror the historical process of changes of Russian culture. In the history of cultural development in several centuries, Russia has critically absorbed the achievements of Eastern and Western civilizations on the premise of preserving its own cultural background, thus forming a Russian civ- ilization with national characteristics. Taking Attraction as an example, this paper analyzes the preservation and changes of modern and contemporary Russian culture from the perspective of film language, so as to discover the changes of modern and contemporary Russian civilization. Keywords: film language, Russian culture, preservation and change, Attraction Introduction Attraction is a science fiction based love affair film directed by Fyodor Bondarchuk with the love track of the heroine Yulya as the clue, and it depicted various contradictions and tensions in social life as the earth was collapsing. In the film, there are few descriptions of battles and invasions, but love, kinship, friendship and other elements are vigorously rendered with relatively slow pace. The doomsday soft science fiction film Attraction gives a large proportion on the discussion of human nature, conveying the director and screenwriter's unique world view and cosmology, and conveying the anti-war spiritual core. 1. The preservation of Russian culture in the film language of Attraction 1.1 Preservation of love culture Love is the eternal theme of Russian films and world films.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Soviet Transformations on Krasnaya Street, Krasnodar, Russia: an Issue-Based Case Study (First 3 Sections)
    Post-Soviet Transformations on Krasnaya Street, Krasnodar, Russia: An Issue-based Case Study (first 3 sections) Corinna Welzenbach Master of Landscape Architecture candidate University of Washington Thesis Advisors: Lynne Manzo (chair), Department of Landscape Architecture Jeff Hou, Department of Landscape Architecture James West, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures INTRODUCTION Fall 1997: Arriving at the dilapidated tram stop, I feel a panic that I may not remember the way home. I cross the street and pass a brownfield on the way to my two-story apartment building. I memorize every detail so I won’t lose my way. I pass a market where a cow head covered in flies is for sale. The solid pink buildings surrounding me, staring, hoping I will lose my way. Fall 2009: I return to Zavodskaya (Factory) tram stop. The brownfield is now a huge parking lot, mall and movie theater with an English name:“City Center”. Blue mirrored walls of the mall and a large yellow sign invite visitors to the high-end stores and movie theater with reclining seats. The “character” I remembered, from a time when Russia was in the middle of economic collapse, was paved over very quickly. I feel a sadness thinking of the soul of a place and how it can be covered over by uncontrolled development. The research conducted in Krasnodar sought to the story of the transformation of a city, as it struggles to define itself in the post-Soviet era. This descriptive story in itself has historic value as the physical changes are an important aspect of history.
    [Show full text]
  • SOVIET YOUTH FILMS UNDER BREZHNEV: WATCHING BETWEEN the LINES by Olga Klimova Specialist Degree, Belarusian State University
    SOVIET YOUTH FILMS UNDER BREZHNEV: WATCHING BETWEEN THE LINES by Olga Klimova Specialist degree, Belarusian State University, 2001 Master of Arts, Brock University, 2005 Master of Arts, University of Pittsburgh, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2013 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Olga Klimova It was defended on May 06, 2013 and approved by David J. Birnbaum, Professor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh Lucy Fischer, Distinguished Professor, Department of English, University of Pittsburgh Vladimir Padunov, Associate Professor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh Aleksandr Prokhorov, Associate Professor, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures, College of William and Mary, Virginia Dissertation Advisor: Nancy Condee, Professor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Olga Klimova 2013 iii SOVIET YOUTH FILMS UNDER BREZHNEV: WATCHING BETWEEN THE LINES Olga Klimova, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2013 The central argument of my dissertation emerges from the idea that genre cinema, exemplified by youth films, became a safe outlet for Soviet filmmakers’ creative energy during the period of so-called “developed socialism.” A growing interest in youth culture and cinema at the time was ignited by a need to express dissatisfaction with the political and social order in the country under the condition of intensified censorship. I analyze different visual and narrative strategies developed by the directors of youth cinema during the Brezhnev period as mechanisms for circumventing ideological control over cultural production.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar Wednesday
    Calendar Wednesday § 1. In General; Forms § 2. Business Considered on Calendar Wednesday § 3. Ð In Committee of the Whole § 4. Privilege and Precedence of Calendar Wednesday Business § 5. The Call of Committees § 6. Calling Up Calendar Wednesday Business; Authorization § 7. The Question of Consideration § 8. Consideration and Debate § 9. Ð Use of Additional or Subsequent Wednesdays § 10. Unfinished Business; Effect of Previous Question § 11. Dispensing With Calendar Wednesday Research References 7 Cannon §§ 881±971 Deschler Ch 21 § 4 Manual § 897 § 1. In General; Forms Under the Calendar Wednesday rule, Wednesdays are set apart for the consideration, pursuant to a call of committees, of unprivileged bills on the House and Union Calendars. Rule XXIV clause 7, first adopted in 1909. Today, the Calendar Wednesday procedure is utilized infrequently due to its cumbersome operation and to the fact that nonprivileged bills may be con- sidered more effectively pursuant to other procedures, such as a special order from the Committee on Rules, suspension of the rules, or unanimous consent. Deschler Ch 21 § 4. Where the Rules Committee has declined to report a special order providing for the consideration of a bill, it may be taken up pursuant to the Calendar Wednesday rule. The Calendar Wednesday rule may be dispensed with by a two-thirds vote (§ 11, infra), and does not apply during the last two weeks of a session. Manual § 897. Forms SPEAKER: Today is Calendar Wednesday, and the Clerk will call the roll of committees. MEMBER (when his committee is called): Mr. Speaker, by direction of the Committee on lllll, I call up the bill H.R.
    [Show full text]
  • The Slavic Vampire Myth in Russian Literature
    From Upyr’ to Vampir: The Slavic Vampire Myth in Russian Literature Dorian Townsend Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Languages and Linguistics Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences The University of New South Wales May 2011 PLEASE TYPE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Townsend First name: Dorian Other name/s: Aleksandra PhD, Russian Studies Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: School: Languages and Linguistics Faculty: Arts and Social Sciences Title: From Upyr’ to Vampir: The Slavic Vampire Myth in Russian Literature Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) The Slavic vampire myth traces back to pre-Orthodox folk belief, serving both as an explanation of death and as the physical embodiment of the tragedies exacted on the community. The symbol’s broad ability to personify tragic events created a versatile system of imagery that transcended its folkloric derivations into the realm of Russian literature, becoming a constant literary device from eighteenth century to post-Soviet fiction. The vampire’s literary usage arose during and after the reign of Catherine the Great and continued into each politically turbulent time that followed. The authors examined in this thesis, Afanasiev, Gogol, Bulgakov, and Lukyanenko, each depicted the issues and internal turmoil experienced in Russia during their respective times. By employing the common mythos of the vampire, the issues suggested within the literature are presented indirectly to the readers giving literary life to pressing societal dilemmas. The purpose of this thesis is to ascertain the vampire’s function within Russian literary societal criticism by first identifying the shifts in imagery in the selected Russian vampiric works, then examining how the shifts relate to the societal changes of the different time periods.
    [Show full text]
  • Musically Russian: Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century Joshua J
    Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville The Research and Scholarship Symposium The 2016 yS mposium Apr 20th, 3:40 PM - 4:00 PM Musically Russian: Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century Joshua J. Taylor Cedarville University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/ research_scholarship_symposium Part of the Musicology Commons Taylor, Joshua J., "Musically Russian: Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century" (2016). The Research and Scholarship Symposium. 4. http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/research_scholarship_symposium/2016/podium_presentations/4 This Podium Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Research and Scholarship Symposium by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Musically Russian: Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century What does it mean to be Russian? In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Russian nobility was engrossed with French culture. According to Dr. Marina Soraka and Dr. Charles Ruud, “Russian nobility [had a] weakness for the fruits of French civilization.”1 When Peter the Great came into power in 1682-1725, he forced Western ideals and culture into the very way of life of the aristocracy. “He wanted to Westernize and modernize all of the Russian government, society, life, and culture… .Countries of the West served as the emperor’s model; but the Russian ruler also tried to adapt a variety of Western institutions to Russian needs and possibilities.”2 However, when Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Russia in 1812, he threw the pro- French aristocracy in Russia into an identity crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar of the Christian Year
    T H E C A L E N D A R o f t h e C H R I S T I A N Y E A R A N I N T R O D U C T I O N The Christian Year consists of two cycles of holy days. The first is the Paschal Cycle, which follows the lunar calendar and identifies the first Sunday after the full moon that falls on or after March 21 as Easter Day. (Easter Day cannot occur before March 22 or after April 25.) The season of Lent precedes Eastertide and the Season after Pentecost follows it. The second cycle, the Incarnation Cycle, follows the solar calendar and places our Lord’s birth on December 25 (Christmas Day) with the season of Advent preceding it. The season of Epiphany follows the twelve days of the Christmas season (Christmastide.) S U N D A Y S The sequence of the Sundays of the Calendar depends on the date of Easter, because every Sunday is a celebration of our Lord’s resurrection from the dead. Nevertheless, Sundays also reflect the character of the seasons in which they are set. Following ancient Jewish tradition, the celebration of any Sunday begins at sundown on the Saturday that precedes it. Therefore at Evening Prayer on Saturdays (other than Holy Days), the Collect appointed for the ensuing Sunday is used. 687 | THE CALENDAR OF THE CHRISTIAN YEAR P R I N C I P A L F E A S T S Easter Day Christmas Day December 25 Ascension Day The Epiphany January 6 The Day of Pentecost All Saints’ Day November 1 Trinity Sunday These feasts take precedence over any other day or observance.
    [Show full text]
  • History Religion Tokarev.Pdf
    STUDENT'S LIBRARY Sergei Tokarev History of RELIGION PROGRESS PUBLISHERS MOSCOW Translated from the Russian by Paula Garb Editorial Board of the Series: F.M. Volkov (Managing Editor), Ye.F. Gubsky (Deputy Managing Editor), V.G. Afanasyev, Taufik Ibrahim, Zafar Imam, I.S. Kon, I.M. Krivoguz, A.V. Petrovsky, Yu.N. Popov, Munis Reza, N.V. Romanovsky, V.A. Tumanov, A.G. Zdravomyslov, V.D. Zotov. BHEJIHOTEKA CTYflEHTA C. T oK apeB HCTOPMH PEJIWrHM Ha ammiucKOM H3biKe © IIOJIHTH3AaT, 1986 © Progress Publishers 1989 Printed in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 0400000000-438 g 9 014(01)-89 ISBN 5-01-001097-6 Contents TRIBAL CULTS Chapter One ARCHEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ................................ 9 1. Paleolithic S ite s ........................................................................ 9 2. Neolithic S ites.............................................................................. 13 3. Religion in the Early Bronze and Iron Age .... 16 Chapter Two RELIGION OF THE AUSTRALIANS AND TASMANIANS............................ 18 1. The A u stralian s........................................................................ 18 2. The T asm anians........................................................................ 33 Chapter Three RELIGION IN OCEANIA ........................................................................ 35 1. The Papuans and M elanesians.................................................. 36 2. The P olynesians........................................................................ 42 Chapter Four
    [Show full text]
  • Ash Wednesday to Easter Sunday
    Christianity Ash Wednesday to Easter Sunday Ash Wednesday to Easter Sunday Summary: Lent, a period of forty days (excluding Sundays) from Ash Wednesday to Easter Sunday, is a time of penitence and preparation for Christians, many of whom strengthen their faith through study, prayer, fasting or abstinence. Its restriction and solemnity contrast the joys of Easter, the Sunday celebration of Christ’s resurrection from the dead. “Remember that you are dust, and to dust you shall return.” The priest or minister speaks these words, inscribing a small cross of ashes on the forehead of each person who comes to the special Ash Wednesday service at the beginning of Lent. The season of Lent lasts for forty days, from Ash Wednesday to Easter Sunday, and the count excludes Sundays. It is a solemn drama in which Christians are to prepare themselves, through fasting and prayer, to accompany Christ in the events of Holy Week, including his betrayal, his crucifixion, his death, and his resurrection. Lent is the church’s great season of penitence, abstinence, and preparation and is said to correspond to the forty days Jesus spent in the wilderness preparing for his public ministry. In the early church, this was the initiatory season in which new Christians were prepared through instruction and catechism for the initiation of baptism, which took place on Easter Sunday. Today, Lent is still a time of preparation for baptism. It is also a time for all Christians to strengthen their faith through study and reflection, fasting and abstinence. In Protestant and Catholic churches, some form of fasting or some daily practice of study and prayer is encouraged during Lent.
    [Show full text]