Commercial Laundry Trends and Sustainability Gains

inform

April 2011 www.aocs.org Volume 22 (4) 181–260

International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials

Emergent Detergents Commercial laundry trends and sustainability gains

ALSO INSIDE Could a pill shrink the effects of obesity? Meet AOCS’ new president C2 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

Food & Feed Oils & Fats Animal Feed

Chemicals for Life Oleochemicals Detergents, Surfactants & Chemicals Soap

Biofuels Biodiesel Bioethanol Biomass

www.desmetballestra.com SoftFlex™ Deodorization the way you want it

Option # 2

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The challenge of removing phosphates As of July 1. 2010, a number of states in the US have banned the use of phosphates in automatic dishwashing detergents to reduce the impact of detergents on the environment. This creates significant challenges for detergent manufacturers including lower cleaning performance and reduced enzyme stability. Genencor offers different enzymes solutions for automatic dishwashing detergent producers to mitigate the deficits of phosphate-free detergents. Right now we are enabling our customers to develop high performing detergents that meet their environmental and performance demands. Together we can bring greener ideas to life. Today! www.ideas-today.com www.aocs.org

April 2011 Volume 22 (4) 181–260

Letter from the president Departments 186 Outgoing AOCS President J. Keith Grime reviews progress made in 2010 and looks forward to the organization’s increased eff orts to meet and Information the needs of its diverse membership during 2011. 184 Index to Advertisers Calendar President’s profi le: Erich E. Dumelin 191 Incoming AOCS President Erich E. Dumelin discusses his career, his 189 Letters to the editor personal life, and his goals for AOCS. 194 Reconstructing formulas Marketplace: A three-year study of commercial laundry liquids in Western Europe and the United States traces the evolution of surfactant systems. 205 News & Noteworthy 209 Biofuels News Shrinking the eff ects of the obesity epidemic 201 A Harvard School of Public Health researcher’s hunt for the complex 213 Health & Nutrition News and elusive biological links between obesity and insulin resistance has 217 Surfactants, Detergents, uncovered new molecular pathways and identifi ed control points that & Personal Care News may prove to be valuable targets for short-circuiting the connection. 221 People News/Inside AOCS AOCS corporate member profi le 223 Peerless Foods is Australia’s largest privately owned manufacturer and 222 In Memoriam marketer of edible oils and fats. 223 In Memoriam 224 Minutes of the 2010 AOCS Annual Business Meeting Publications: The A.I.S.E. Charter for Sustainable Cleaning 239 Learn how an industry-driven sustainability initiative is reducing the 225 Book Review footprint of the detergents and maintenance products industry in 226 Patents Europe.

231 Extracts & Distillates Estimating the eff ect of fermentation yeast on distillers grains 244 protein Four methods for estimating yeast’s contribution to distillers grains products are explained and compared. 249 AOCS 2011 award recipients announced AOCS—A value proposition 260 AOCS Foundation Development Manager Amy Lydic and AOCS Executive Vice President Jean Wills Hinton discuss how giving to the AOCS Mission Statement AOCS Foundation is not only easy and convenient. It’s also a great To be a global forum to promote the exchange of ideas, value. information, and experience, to enhance personal excellence, and to provide high standards of quality among those with a professional interest in the science and technology of fats, oils, surfactants, and related materials. inform • International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials ISSN: 0897-8026 IFRMEC 22 (4) 181–260 184 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) Editor-in-Chief Emeritus: James B.M. Rattray Bold type: new listing For details on these and other upcoming Contributing Editors: Calendar meetings, visit www.aocs.org/meetings. Rajiv Arora Keshun Liu W.E. Artz Mark Messina tiago, Chile. Information: www.lacerealcon- Scott Bloomer Robert Moreau April ference.com. Eduardo Dubinsky D.J. Murphy April 5–6, 2011. Global Algae Biodiesel Walter E. Farr Willem van April 12–13, 2011. OFI Middle East 2011, Inter- World India 2011, Jaipur, India. Information: Anu Hopia Nieuwenhuyzen Continental Citystars, Cairo, Egypt. Informa- phone: +91 9413343550 or +91 9829423333; Y.-S. (Vic) Huang Brent Sørensen tion: email: [email protected]; email: [email protected] or jat- S.P. Kochhar T. Thiagarajan www.oilsandfatsinternational.com. [email protected]; http://biodiese- Gary List lacademy.com/course-details.php?cid=24. April 13–14, 2010. Ninth International REACH Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Infor- Editorial Advisory Board: April 6–7, 2011. 41st C.E.D. [Comité Español mation: www.ismithers.net/conferences/ Michael Eskin Hans Nieuwenhuis de la Detergencia Tensioactivos y Afines] XRUS11/reach-usa-2011. Michael Haas Fereidoon Shahidi Annual Meeting, Barcelona, Spain. Infor- Arnis Kuksis Bernard Szuhaj mation: www.ced.org.es. April 19–21, 2011. Advanced Biofuels Lead- Robert Moreau ership Conference, Capital Hilton, Wash- April 9–13, 2011. American Society for Bio- ington, DC, USA. Information: http:// chemistry and Molecular Biology, Wash- AOCS Officers: advancedbiofuelssummit.com. ington, DC, USA. Information: www.asbmb. President: J. Keith Grime, JKG Consulting, org/Meetings_01/2011mtg/Annualmtg- Cincinnati, Ohio, USA April 25–29, 2011. World Congress of Bio- home.aspx. Vice President: Erich E. Dumelin, Zurich, energy, World Expo Center, Dalian, China. Switzerland Information: www.bitlifesciences.com/ April 10–11, 2011. 4th SCS Annual Scientific Secretary: Sevim Z. Erhan, US Department wcbe2011. Symposium: Sustainability—a Cosmetic of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Paradox, Tortworth Court Four Pillars Hotel, Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA April 27–29, 2011. 12th International Wotton Under Edge, South Gloucestershire, Treasurer: Timothy Kemper, Desmet Exhibition on Surfactant and Detergent, UK. Information: phone: +44 (0)1582 726661; Ballestra North America, Inc., Marietta, Shanghai Everbright Convention and www.scs.org.uk/symposium-2011. Georgia, USA Exhibition Center, China. Information: Executive Vice President: Jean Wills Hinton, www.iesdexpo.com. April 10–12, 2011. 15th International Con- AOCS, Urbana, Illinois, USA ference on Hydrocolloids, Hyatt Regency April 30, 2011. Basics of Edible Oil Pro- Mission Bay, San Diego, California, USA. cessing and Refining—AOCS Short AOCS Staff: Information: phone: +1 858-451-6080; Course, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cincinnati, Area Manager, Publications: Jack Wolowiec email: [email protected]. Ohio, USA. Information: email: meet- Managing Editor: Kathy Heine [email protected]; phone: +1 217-693-4821; Associate Editor: Catherine Watkins April 10–13, 2011. 2nd Latino-American ICC fax: +1 217-693-4865; http://annualmeet- Technical Projects Editor: Marguerite Torrey [International Association for Cereal Science ing.aocs.org. Design & Layout Editor: Jeremy Coulter and Technology] Conference, W Hotel, San- April 30–May 1, 2011. Functionality of Lipids in Foods—AOCS Short Course, Index to advertisers Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Information: email: meetings@ Alfa Laval, Inc...... 181 Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau aocs.org; phone: +1 217-693-4821; fax: Anderson International Corp...... 199 GmbH ...... C4 +1 217-693-4865; http://annualmeeting.aocs.org. Armstrong Engineering Assoc...... 192 Körting Hannover AG Division ...... 221 Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc...... 224 Lipotech Project Engineering...... 204 Blackmer/A Dover Company ...... 200 Mahle Industrial Filtration ...... 219 May *Bruker Optics ...... 188 Myers Vacuum Distillation Division ....187 Buhler, Inc...... 215 Novozymes A/S ...... 193 May 1, 2011. New Technologies in Oilseed *Crown Iron Works Company ...... 229 *Oil-Dri Corporation of America ...... 198 Extraction and Edible Oil Refining— Desmet Ballestra Group NV...... 203 *POS Bio-Sciences ...... 190 AOCS Short Course, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Informa- Desmet Ballestra S.p.A...... C2 Sharplex Filters (India) Pvt. Ltd...... 189 tion: email: [email protected]; phone: GEA Westfalia Separator Group ...... 197 Verenium Corp...... C3 Genencor International ...... 182 *Corporate member of AOCS who supports the Society through corporate membership dues. inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 185

AOCS Meeting Watch

April 30, 2011. Basics of Edible Oil Process- Hilton Hotel, Izmir, Turkey. Information: 2710 South Boulder Drive ing and Refining—AOCS Short Course, email: [email protected]; phone: +1 217- P.O. Box 17190 Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, 683-4821; fax: +1 217-693-4865; www.aocs. Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA USA. Information: email: meetings@aocs. org/goto/Turkey2011. Phone: +1 217-359-2344 org; phone: +1 217-693-4821; fax: +1 217- Fax: +1 217-351-8091 693-4865; http://annualmeeting.aocs.org. June 20–21, 2011. Oils and Fats Email: [email protected] World Market Update 2011, April 30–May 1, 2011. Functionality of Advertising Instructions and Deadlines: Izmir Hilton, Izmir, Turkey. Infor- Closing date is approximately the fi rst of the month Lipids in Foods—AOCS Short Course, mation: email: meetings@aocs. preceding date of issue. Insertion orders received after Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, org; phone: +1 217-693-4821; fax: +1 217- closing will be subject to acceptance at advertiser’s USA. Information: email: meetings@aocs. 693-4865; www.aocs.org/goto/WorldMar- risk. No cancellations accepted after closing date. Ad materials must be in fi nal form for press upon mate- org; phone: +1 217-693-4821; fax: +1 217- ket. 693-4865; http://annualmeeting.aocs.org. rials’ closing date. Materials received after deadline or requiring changes will be published at advertisers’ June 21–23, 2011. World Con- May 1, 2011. New Technologies in Oilseed risk. Send insertion orders and mechanical materials to ference on Oilseed Processing, advertising offi ces at the address listed above. Extraction and Edible Oil Refi ning—AOCS Fats & Oils Processing, Biofuels & NOTE: AOCS reserves the right to reject advertising Short Course, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cincin- Applications, Izmir Hilton, Izmir, copy that in its opinion is unethical, misleading, unfair, nati, Ohio, USA. Information: email: meet- or otherwise inappropriate or incompatible with the [email protected]; phone: +1 217-693-4821; Turkey. Information: email: meetings@aocs. character of inform. Advertisers and advertising agen- fax: +1 217-693-4821; http://annualmeet- org; phone: +1 217-693-4821; fax: +1 217- cies assume liability for all content (including text, 693-4865; www.aocs.org/goto/Turkey2011. representation, and illustrations) of advertisements ing.aocs.org. printed and also assume responsibility for any claims arising therefrom made against the publisher. May 1–4, 2011. 102nd AOCS September 16–18, 2011. 10th Phospholipid Congress of The International Lecithin and Annual Meeting & Expo, Duke AOCS Advertising: Jeff Nail Energy Convention Center, Cin- Phospholipid Society (ILPS): Phospholip- Phone: +1 301-215-6710 ext.107 cinnati, Ohio, USA. Information: ids—Sources, Processing and Application, Fax: +1 301-215-7704 phone: +1 217-693-4821; fax: +1 217-351- Congress Centre “De Doelen,” Rotterdam, Email: [email protected] 8091; email: [email protected]; http:// the Netherlands. Information: e-mail: ilps@ Formerly published as Chemists’ Section, Cotton Oil annualmeeting.aocs.org. lecipro.nl; www.ilps.org/10th%20Congress. Press, 1917–1924; Journal of the Oil and Fat Industries, htm. 1924–1931; Oil & Soap, 1932–1947; news portion of June 18, 2011. Sensory Evaluation of Olive JAOCS, 1948–1989. The American Oil Chemists’ Society Oil Short Course, Hilton Hotel, Izmir, Turkey. October 10–13, 2011. World Congress on assumes no responsibility for statements or opinions Information: email: [email protected]; Oleo Science and 29th ISF Congress— of contributors to its columns. phone: +1 217-693-4821; fax: +1 217-693- inform (ISSN: 0897-8026) is published 10 times per JOCS/AOCS/KOCS/ISF/ISBB Joint Meeting, year in January, February, March, April, May, June, July/ 4865; www.aocs.org/goto/Turkey2011. Tower Hall Funabori, Tokyo, Japan. Infor- August, September, October, November/December mation: www2.convention.co.jp/wcos2011. by AOCS Press, 2710 South Boulder Drive, Urbana, IL June 18–19, 2011. Basics of Oilseed Pro- 61802-6996 USA . Phone: +1 217-359-2344. Periodi- cessing Short Course, Hilton Hotel, Izmir, October 17–21, 2011. 14th Latin American cals Postage paid at Urbana, IL, and additional mailing Turkey. Information: email: meetings@aocs. Congress on Fats and Oils, Hotel Cartagena, offi ces. POSTMASTER: Send address changes toinform , P.O. Box 17190, Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA. org; phone: +1 217-693-4821; fax: +1 217- Cartagena, Colombia. Information: email: 693-4821; www.aocs.org/goto/Turkey2011. Subscriptions to inform for members of the Ameri- [email protected]; www.aocs.org/lacon- can Oil Chemists’ Society are included in the annual June 19, 2011. Edible Oil Refi nery and Opti- gress/en/index.cfm. dues. An individual subscription to inform is $180. Outside the U.S., add $30 for surface mail, or add $115 mization and Maintenance Short Course, for air mail. Institutional subscriptions to the Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society and inform combined For in-depth details on these and other upcoming meetings, visit are now being handled by Springer Verlag. Price list information is available at www.springer.com/pricelist. www.aocs.org/meetings. Claims for copies lost in the mail must be received within 30 days (90 days outside the U.S.) of the date of issue. Notice of change of address must be received two +1 217-693-4821; fax: +1 217-693-4865; May 2–3, 2011. LIPID MAPS Meeting 2011: weeks before the date of issue. For subscription inqui- ries, please contact Doreen Berning at AOCS, doreenb@ http://annualmeeting.aocs.org. Lipidomics Impact on Systems Biology, aocs.org or phone +1 217-693-4813. AOCS member- Cancer, and Metabolic Disease, La Jolla, ship information and applications can be obtained May 1–4, 2011. 102nd AOCS California, USA. Information: www.lipid- from: AOCS, P.O. Box 17190, Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA or membership@ aocs.org. Annual Meeting & Expo, Duke maps.org/meetings/2011annual. Notice to copiers: Authorization to photocopy items Energy Convention Center, for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Infor- May 2–5, 2011. 4th International Biomass use of specifi c clients, is granted by the American Oil Chemists’ Society for libraries and other users reg- mation: email: [email protected]; Conference & Expo, America’s Center, St. istered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) phone: +1 217-693-4821; fax: +1 217-693- Louis, Missouri, USA. Information: www. Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the 4821; email: [email protected]; http:// biomassconference.com. base fee of $15.00 and a page charge of $0.50 per annualmeeting.aocs.org. copy are paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress St., Salem, continued on page 257 MA 01970 USA. 186 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) Letter from the president Remarkably, a year has passed since I addressed the annual conference in Phoenix, and it’s time to review progress during the year as I hand over the presidency to the very capable hands of Erich Dumelin. In my opening address at last year’s annual conference, I made some observations on the change and economic uncertainty that are occurring all around us and the reality that AOCS must adapt to respond to those changes in order to meet the needs of its diverse membership around the world and in the multiple disciplines in which it operates. Well, there’s no need to tell you that this environment of global economic and political uncertainty has continued; we have all become accustomed to the fact that it’s an environment in which we must not only survive but also figure out how to succeed. To quote the much overused phrase, “It is what it is”—and while there are certainly positive indicators, it’s likely to stay that way for the foreseeable future. The successful, in any endeavor, will be those who are agile and flex- ible and transition their capabilities and operating models to formats that flourish in the new environment. The Governing Board and staff had already begun to make such moves, and I’m pleased to report that we have had a very successful year on just about all fronts, in spite of the uncertain environment. We’ve been working in five areas: (i) financial health and responsible fiscal management; (ii) increasing communication, knowledge management, and networking tools across our membership; (iii) a that whereas a professional sales organization can. We provide more streamlined and focused governance and operating structure for the input (products), our strength—someone else uses their the Board; (iv) increasing our global reach to match the global nature strength, network, and market reach, to expand our markets. of business and technology development that is now mainstream in On the practical side, our fiscal strength has allowed us our world; and (v) continuous improvement in two of our core com- to pay down the mortgage on our headquarters building such petencies, major scientific meetings and technical services. that it will be paid off in the next 18 months. n We continue to have financial stability, and, in fact, we are n In the communication area, 2010 saw considerable progress, showing some growth. AOCS has met or exceeded the fore- funded by the Foundation, with the complete redesign of our cast for the last five years. Additionally, the resulting reserves web site to be more member friendly. With an upgraded plat- have been well invested on the guidance of our financial advi- form now in place, we are working on our ultimate goals of sors to the extent that they are now contributing nicely to our building member networking and open innovation capability, income. One of the reasons that we missed our forecast in the hosting education programs developed through universities positive direction this year is that we overlooked including around the world, using page-flipping software for our maga- income from this source. In an economic world of too many zines, and launching a blog. In addition, the Foundation funded negative economic surprises, that was a pleasantly positive one. the hardware to upgrade email and server infrastructure. Virtual Worthy of note is our decision in 2006 to outsource publish- communication is a major part of our future and as such is an ing of our journals to Springer Verlag. This continues to be a excellent area for the direction of Foundation funds. major success, providing us with much wider distribution than n We continue to streamline the structure and operation of the we could have possibly achieved independently. It’s a classic Board. Our goals are to reduce its size, balance representation example of where it makes sense to outsource. In this case, to reflect membership, and focus the Board more on strate- when we asked, “What business are we in?” the correct answer gic issues and planning the future, less on routine operational was clearly knowledge transfer and networks, NOT publishing. matters. This is the true role of any Board, whether profit or It causes us to consider where that model of focusing on our non-profit. In this regard, we are in the first year of a new elec- core competences can be reapplied for efficiency and focus. In tion and nominations process specifically designed to result similar vein, the sales function has also been recently been out- in a more deliberate set of competencies and representation. sourced to enhance the identification of global opportunities Additionally, the number of at-large Board members will be for our products. We cannot be in all the places needed to do decreased by natural attrition as terms expire. In parallel, we inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 187 Inside AOCS

It has been a year of progress, growth, and transition as we move forward with our eyes firmly focused on the future and our place in it, to serve our ever-diversifying membership.

are taking guidance from governance consultants on possible serious scientists to step up, step forward, and make it happen. AOCS operational structure options. We have a draft in hand and aim is an organization full of such scientists, many of whom work in the to complete this by the end of the year. disciplines required to make this happen. We cover the chemical and n Several initiatives have focused on extending our global reach. biochemical disciplines from natural to synthetic sources, and we can In partnership with the Indian Home and Personal Care create the forums to build the bridge between these two areas and Industry Association (IHPCIA), AOCS will begin publish- make a difference. Let’s not discuss this subject in silos. I encourage ing C3 Science, a quarterly features magazine for professionals you to create some discussion and meeting focus across the disciplines working in the Indian personal care, cleaning, and cosmetics so that we can create the collaborations between industry, academe, industries. The complimentary inaugural issue will be dis - and government to drive the science forward to viable solutions. When tributed to nearly 15,000 recipients. The cost is covered by you consider the scientific talent and diversity within AOCS you can advertising. only ask, “If not us, then who? If not now, then when?” n It was a successful year for our big meetings. Following an Let me end by saying that it’s been a pleasure and honor to serve excellent annual meeting in Phoenix, the 2010 Montreux as your president and in particular, to work with an enthusiastic board meeting was a major success in every respect. Attendance, and the dedicated set of professional staff in Champaign. I hand off in including exhibitors, was close to 900, and there’s no doubt May with a sense of optimism that AOCS will continue its growth. that attracting the three chief executive officers of Procter & Gamble, Henkel, and Unilever as speakers was very well J. Keith Grime received and drew attendance and interest from around the AOCS President 2010−2011 globe. As is usual for this convention site, which provides excellent exhibit access, feedback from exhibitors was excellent. Taking into account the ongoing success of this meeting and its format, feedback from the attendees over the last few years, the rapid development of the Asian business for the soaps and detergents industry and its suppliers, and our goal to extend our reach in Asia, we have decided to assess the possibility of a Singapore-based event of similar stature to Montreux in 2012. A strong Executive Committee has been formed, and we will have a “go/no go” decision by the annual meeting. An AOCS core competence that shows continual growth and contribution to our financials is our Technical Services department, and we are looking for ways to extend that part of our services. In this vein, we are following up on contacts with the publishers of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, who have contacted us with interest in the determination of surfactants and oils in waste water. We will be canvassing membership in these businesses for engagement in this Expert Panel. This a classic example where our core competence can be an outsourcing option for others. Summing up, it has been a year of progress, growth, and transition as we move forward with our eyes firmly focused on the future and our place in it, to serve our ever-diversifying membership. With a growing financial base and a strategy to focus on what we do well and partner to extend our capabilities outside our own core competencies, extend our reach into rapidly developing regions of the world, and create state- of-the art communication networks between our members, I believe that we are strongly placed to grow and flourish for the benefit of the membership. I’d like to add one last personal note of encouragement. The concept of sustainability has clearly (and appropriately) gained momentum in virtually every direction of business endeavor. The time for exhortation and public relations exercises has passed, and it’s time for actions that will make sustainable technology a reality. This is not about kitchen chemistry, it’s about serious science, and it’s time for

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NIR & TD-NMR Innovation with Integrity inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 189 Letters to the editor Dear Editor: Th omas, Fat content of oilseeds used as foods is dependent on the method, J. Am. Oil Chem. I read with interest the articles by Soc. 82:762–769, 2005), in this case the erro- Hill, Hoke, Taylor, and Stiffe regard- neous fat determinations being carried out by AOAC Offi cial Method 933.05 Fat in Cheese. ing the nutrient variation of common In conclusion, I would like to remind all feed ingredients in the September and analysts to be sure to know the applicability October 2010 issues of inform. While the of the methodology to all of the analytes you are testing. data are interesting, there is a problem, however, with the crude fat data for James Daun full-fat canola and fl axseed. The values AgriAnalytical Consulting given for fl axseed (35.2% average ether Winnipeg, Canada extract) and canola full fat (36.44% oil) are much lower than would be expected Dear Editor: based on many years of crop surveys, The concern expressed by James both in Canada and in the United States. Daun is very valid. The fat extraction Both of these crops have been found to method cited (AOAC 920.39) was used have oil contents in excess of 40% or for samples reported in Part 1 in the more in all but the worst possible years; September issue. Part 2 of this article and over the last fi ve years, canola has (October issue) reported near-infrared had an oil content averaging in excess of (NIR) data from Perten Instruments and 44% on an 8.5% moisture basis. Simi- was heavily reliant on results reported larly, flaxseed has had an average oil by customers using NIR for everyday content of about 45% (dry basis) over quality assurance plant decisions. While the last five years. The discrepancies generally reported as the wet chemis- shown would suggest that feed compi- try reference method (AOAC 920.39), the lations would have signifi cant errors in customer lab variance from this method caloric content (about 20% low) for the is unknown. This may well explain the full-fat feed component. lower than expected average values and In trying to come to terms with the large the relatively large variation that accom- discrepancy in the data from harvest surveys panies the full-fat canola and fl axseed and the data shown in inform, I have concluded that the methodology in the inform values reported. All values in the Perten paper was in error. The September paper database were reported, and outliers quotes fat content as being determined by were not excluded. This further illus- AOAC 920.39, a method commonly used for feed analysis. Unfortunately, this method trates that NIR data are only as good as relies on a single extraction of the sample, the reference chemistry allows. and we have shown that multiple extractions are necessary to completely remove the oil We fully agree with Mr. Daun’s statement from soft oilseeds (Barthet, V.J., T. Chornick, that all nutritionists and analysts need to be and J.K. Daun, Comparison of methods to aware of the methods used and applicability measure the oil contents in soft oilseeds such for the product being tested. Th ank you for as canola and flaxseed, J. Oleo Sci. 51:589– the correction. 597, 2002). Indeed the results given by Hill et al. are exactly what would be expected from Dale Hill a single extraction. Th is type of error has also ADM Alliance Nutrition, Inc. been reported for foods (Daun, J.K., and R. Quincy, Illinois, USA Graham Knox: Laboratory Services Manager, POS Bio-Sciences

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analytical testing lab is supported by multi-disciplinary teams of in-house IFT 2011. June 12-14 applied R&D scientists, technicians and engineers. Booth #7525, Be assured of fast, accurate analyses as well as efficient New Orleans, LA bench top process development. Key certiﬁcations and participation in proﬁciency programs help to ensure quality results in a wide range of www.pos.ca methods and analyses. • 34 years experience, 11 laboratories, 6 pilot plants, one convenient location. inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 191 Inside AOCS

President’s profile: Erich E. Dumelin

Editor’s Note: Erich E. Dumelin takes office as AOCS president at the AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo next month in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Although inform previously published a brief biography of Dumelin as a candidate for the AOCS Governing Board, we asked him to expand on his background and relationship with AOCS for this profile.

Growing up on a farm in the northeast corner of Switzerland, I was destined to become a farmer. So I began to study agriculture at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich but realized that I was more interested in the processing of agricultural products than their production and therefore received my degree in food science and technology. To deepen my expertise, I continued in a Ph.D. program and left with a degree in technical sciences. The challenge in my thesis work was to identify the pathways involved in the formation of taste-enhancing components in potatoes because industrial processing of potatoes resulted in products with good structure but poor taste. Although it is a rather complex process, it was possible to map out the biochemical processes and to identify a few key parameters that could be influenced during processing. To widen my personal and professional experience and with a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation, I left for the United States, where I accepted a post-doctoral position at the University of California Davis, in Al Tappel’s laboratory. There, I was exposed to real lipid science for the first time. My post-doctoral work was on lipid peroxidation in vivo. After the hype surrounding vitamin C supplementation started to fade in the 1970s, the vitamin industry was keen to find a replacement. The hope was for an anti-smog pill in the guise of vitamin E working as an antioxidant protecting our bodies/lungs from air pollution. Although Ruth and Erich Dumelin hiking near Zermatt, Switzerland, in 2009, the hype over vitamin E never reached the same level as vitamin C, with the Matterhorn in the distance. I still enjoy getting my daily vitamin E through my consumption of vegetable oil. I have been married for more than 35 years to my wife, Ruth, who real challenge, the start-up of a new factory in Canada, followed by a has followed me ever since our first trip to California in 1975. Her restructuring task in England. Based on these, I was considered ready history in the travel and airline business helped me a great deal during for the technical director’s role (comprising product development and all the transfers and new settlings over the years. We both love skiing manufacturing) of Unilever’s food business in Switzerland. Eventu- in winter as well as hiking and playing golf for the rest of the year. We ally, I transferred to the Global Research Center in the Netherlands, have two grown children: Our daughter is a veterinarian in Zurich, first as director of the Technical Unit for Unilever’s global oils and while our son and daughter-in-law are both post-docs in biochemis- fats business and finally as vice president, Supply Chain Strategy and try at Harvard University. Technology of the foods business. I returned to Switzerland after my On returning to Switzerland in 1977, I joined Unilever’s oils and retirement in 2007. Although I stayed with the same company for my fats business in product development but soon found the manufactur- whole career, I very much enjoyed the diverse and extremely interesting world even more appealing and accepted an opportunity to switch ing challenges and times. to production. What followed turned out to be a management develop- What I realized only very slowly during these last years was the ment pathway, as was typical during those days in larger companies— huge impact my responsibility for parts of the company’s sustainabil- as long as both parties were happy with each other! ity program had on me personally. Coming to grips with what sus - In 1979, I had another international experience and career tainability means was challenge enough, but the insight into the raw warm-up in Germany as assistant refinery manager of Union Deutsche material growers’ lives in the very different regions of this world also Lebensmittelwerke, a Unilever subsidiary in Kleve. Next came my first closed a loop for me with my agricultural background. This interest in 192 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

[AOCS] is in an ideal position to oﬀ er a platform for the diﬀ erent interest groups to meet and exchange information on a precompetitive level globally. There is no other organization with the international reach, the network, or the strength of AOCS.

sustainability eventually led to my current responsibility as chairman However, membership in a professional society such as AOCS of the board for two charity foundations that aim to improve the social might not be considered to be of the same value as in the past. Th ere situation in selected countries in Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, and is an increasing trend for industry professionals to “graze” instead of Latin America. making a fi rm commitment by joining an association. To maintain Th e oils and fats industries have a number of challenges ahead the att raction of membership for our members and other stakehold- of them. Th e issue of sustainability was well addressed by presenta- ers (i.e., senior technical management), we must be up-front with our tions by the CEOs of the three global companies (Procter & Gamble, off ers and always think of new types of services. Henkel, and Unilever) at the recent AOCS Montreux Conference in One of my more personal key objectives will be to work on the Switzerland. Other topics of a global nature are the availability of raw global platform of AOCS and to link the international oils and fats materials, quality, contaminants, and the like. world closer together. Th ere are many themes that would benefi t from Th e globalization and consolidation of our industry is of major a more mutual and global approach. We are all sitt ing in the same boat, import. We are dealing increasingly with a very few commodity- and if any news arises anywhere, we all feel the outcome given today’s oriented players and a larger group of highly innovative speciality communication technologies. So the improvement and extension of companies. New innovations are more oft en outsourced or done in our AOCS network, via either our geographical sections, affi liates, or cooperation with specialized research centers, start-up companies, other existing local organizations, will be very close to my heart. or universities. I am really looking forward to the challenge of this next year. And Th is is where AOCS can play a vital role in this changing world. I know that I have an excellent team behind me at AOCS headquarters It is in an ideal position to off er a platform for the diff erent interest and great colleagues on the Governing Board. I remain very grateful for groups to meet and exchange information on a precompetitive level the opportunity to serve the oils and fats community in my new role. globally. Th ere is no other organization with the international reach, the0190 network, LFIN orARMSTROG the strength CC ofADS:Layout AOCS. 1 1/20/11 1:24 PM Page 2 Erich E. Dumelin AOCS President 2011−2012 CONTINUOUS CRYSTALLIZERS Are The Cost-effective Solution For The Fractionation of Fatty Chemicals

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Novozymes A/S • Krogshoejvej 36 • 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark • Tel. +45 4446 0000 • Fax +45 4446 9999 • [email protected] • www.novozymes.com Novozymes is the world leader in bioinnovation. Together with customers across a broad array of industries we create tomorrow’s industrial biosolutions, improving our customers’ business and the use of our planet’s resources. 194 April 2011 inform in that they can be used more easily and in smaller amounts—and smaller in and moreeasily used be can thatthey in Such super-concentrated liquids provide advantages for consumers– packagingresourcesexcess.wastefrom of and consumption both mitment to deliver valuable products to reducingconsumers while are an example of the cleaning industry’s eff orts to enforce its com- led to the introduction in 2006 of super-concentrated liquids. Th ese private labels. orbrands multinational by presentedchandisers, either mer- weredetergentavailablemass throughdoses liquid encapsulatedthe volume); of terms powdersin 28% vs. United States became even more pronounced (72% liquids marketthe of balanceshift towardthe 2006 the in liquids in while 2000, in detergentdoses liquid encapsulated of in WesternintroductionEuropeacceleratedthe was by concentratesliquid of 1993. sales early growthThein in fi States United the in and 1991 in Europe in appeared rst concentratedpowdersspawnedCompact whichliquids, compacts. toconverted powder markethad Japanese the years,two that,within success 1987. a wereTheysuch inintroducedwere products powder compact where Japan,in powders. revolution started compact The of introductionthe been has form marketing in change consequentialmost single the detergents laundry In Kola Heliana in Western Europe and the United States traces the Reconstructing formulas Reconstructing Th products friendly more e development of environmentally A three-year study of commercial laundry liquids evolution of surfactant systems. structing their completestructing formulas. recon-of aim the foaming agents presenteachwith formulation in andsolvents, hydrotropes, agents, enzymes, builders, complexing hydrocarbon chain length, oxo- or oleo alcohol-based surfactants), diffqualitativelythe quantitativelyand mine erent surfactants (i.e., deter-toorder in formulations of reverseengineering perform to Europe and Walmart fortheUnited States. Tesco,Westernfor Dalli and Carrefour, Lidl, Sainsbury’s,Auchan, United States; and fi nally retailers or generics manufacturers such as & Hiush,Dwight, Method, Seventh Generation, and Phoenix for the Realchimica, and Italsilva, for Western Europe and Henkel , Church McBride,nationalas Persan,companiessuchor BoltonManitoba, Reckittand geographical both areas; private for labels Benckiser tinationalcompanies Proctersuchas Gamble,& Unilever, Henkel, 80% of the WE market. Detergent producers selected included mul- marketrepresentscombinedtotalItaly were their aboutselected; Germany,2008). and and2007, years (2006, France, Spain,UK, commercial liquid detergentslaundry were selected for each of three to their retail structures and consumer bases. For this study, 30 to 40 domination by the same respectmanufacturers with and similarity they can be considered mature and similar in many respects, such as Western European (WE) and US markets were selected for study, as Study methods States and Europe 2006,2007,and during 2008. tant systems of a number of commercial products sold in the United three-year study by Batt elle’s lab analytical that compared the surfac- liquids laundry in North America and Western Europe prompted a super-concentratedsuccessof growingwarehousing Thecosts. andloweringtransportation manufacturersdistributors—by and Several state-of-the-art analytical techniqueswerecombined Severalanalytical state-of-the-art continued on page

196 April 2011 inform 195 LAUNDRY LIQUIDS LAUNDRY Total surfactantFIG. 1. content of Total laundry liquids in Italy) Europe (a) (UK,and Western Spain, (b) France, Germany, USA introduced erent producers in 2006 (green), 2007 (red), and 2008 (black). Blue bars by represent formulations diﬀ existing before 2006 but ana- manner 30 in (i.e., to in 40 a Western productsacquired comprehensive were lyzed covered during the was study The period. market European and US markets each year). Products are grouped to according their dosage and by descending order of total surfactant Each content. bar of the represents the average surfactant in content formulations of the same analyzed brand in twoone, or three important that have share. for brands summarized market eight products were Up to years. consecutive 196 April 2011 inform to country. For example, Brand Producers 1, 2, and 3 sometimes 3 country.toand For2, BrandProducersexample, 1, country from widely Europe,Invary Figure formulations2. in geographicalareasboth shown are for Typicalmixtures surfactant blends Surfactant surfactant concentration (45%). by factors of ~2 and ~3, respectively, achieving at the end the same levelsurfactantincreased andthe Producerdecreaseddose 2 the United the States,Brandin handandProducerBrand other 1 the concentrated liquids and only ~1.5-fold increase in surfactants. On super-concentrated liquids have doses about two times smaller than (concentratedintroduced newly the conventional liquids)while dosage varied from 125 mL (regular conventional liquids) to 75 mL ucts introduced in2008are inblack. shown sions (~55% surfactants) into Europe (France, Spain). UK, All prod- concentrated ver-2x” or year,“3× its BrandProducerexpanded 2 (2× conc. ~12–25%) in 2007 (shown in red bars). During the same surfactants)Private~45% conc.andLabels BrandProducer(2× 1 greenbars)(shownin by followed surfactants)America North in introduced by Brand Producer 2 and a Private Label (3× conc. ~45% (Fig. 1b).America super-concentratedIn2006, werefiversions rst North in 45% to(Fig. 6% 55% to1a) vs. 15% from varied liquids Europeanin surfactants laundry of level the 2006–2008 During Total surfactant content AO, aminoxides; FAM(D)A, acidmono(di)ethanol fatty amines;MES,methyl esterpolyglucosides. sulfonates; APG,alkyl Europe and the United States. Abbreviations: LAS, linear alkyl benzene sulfonates; AEOS, alkyl ether sulfates; AEO, alcohol ethoxylates; 2. FIG. Before 2006 (formulations shown in blue bars) in Europe, the Representation of surfactant mixtures in a number of laundry liquid brands produced in 2007 by diﬀby 2007 in producedbrands liquid laundry of number a inmanufacturersin erent mixtures surfactant of Representation covering the period between 2005 and 2008 are shown in Figurein shown are 2008 and 2005 between period coveringthe ingredients incorporated indetergents. factors arethey determiningprime for the marketthe chemicalfor physical presentation changes, and the composition of detergents as to follow the balance between the market share of brands, individual business, detergent manufacturers and ingredient suppliers are keen detergent laundry the drive toinnovationcontinuesproduct As formulations Evolutionof diethanol amine) inaddition to other surfactants (Fig. 2). lations containing MES (methyl ester sulfonate)/FADA (fatt y acid distinctive of mixture surfactants was identifi ed in some US formu- paredEuropeto(dose: fl 3.13 mL). 75 vs. Finally, mL 89 a or oz. . Unitedthe Statesin smaller com- factant contentthreetimes was 3 used the same surfactantin both continents,mixture but the sur- levels of AEOS in the United States than in Europe. Brand Producer higher super-concentratedwith continents both for formulations sulfates).Brand Producer its in used2 same the surfactant mixture (alkylAEOSether of level high a addition in containscounterpart AO (aminoxides) in its European its brand,North while American sulfonates),benzene alkyl (alcoholAEO ethoxylates), soap, and (linear country.LAS of Brand Producer mixture generallya uses1 samethe for extensionsbrand and brands different for also but manufacture diff erent formulations not only fordiff erent countries A few examples on the evolution of liquid laundry formulations continued on page

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FIG. 3. Representation of the evolution of some formulations manufactured during Liquids to Value 2005–2008 by (a) Brand Producer 1 in France; (b) Brand Producer 3 in Italy; (c) Private Label 9 in the United States; and (d) an unknown Producer but distributed by Retailer 6 in the United States. Producer names on the x axis and values on the y axis are not GEA Mechanical Equipment shown for reasons of confi dentiality. APE, alkyl phenol ethoxylates; for other abbreviations see Figure 2. RR-2-30-007 198 April 2011 inform adapting thedetergent formulations. Consequently,homes. American North detergent producersare high-effi loading, in morecommon becoming washers are ciency front- rules, new waterand shortages, crunches, energy concerns, energy.less Recently, awarenessgrowingtoenvironmental due of tures and gentle agitation, thus using less water (e.g., 15 gallons) and loader)relies instead at tempera-extendedoptimal on washcycles (e.g., bleach),chemicals chlorine European(front-system a wash for a few minutes in 50 gallons of water and on using pre-treatment American top-loading washer relies on strongly agitating the clothes ancleaningprocesstechnology.in the and philosophy Whereas difftheir to also but surfactants,requires of levelhigher erent wash due in part to the extremely hard water found in most of Europe that oft America. in North those have than more surfactants en is Th mulation from region to region. Western European liquids laundry by replacing FADA AEO with and decreasing thelevels ofAEOS. in 2007 Retailer 6 changed the surfactant in mixture its formulation Lastly,2007. marketduring US the in Private9 mulationof Label for-ethoxylates)(alkylphenolthe APE from of withdrawal the to detergent,the led of performance and keepingfunctionality while (Fig.3b). Th acceptable more ingredients,eecologically for search Italianbrandits in AEOS with ProducerreplacedBrand 3 LAS Frenchthe market(Fig. in brand 3a), its while from AO withdrew WesternForthe 3. BrandProducerEuropean2008, 1 market in for most eventhe purifying difficult to bleachoils. Pure-Flo®Our and Perform® products deliver cost-effective options for over twenty-five years in morethan countries sixty worldwide. Oil-Dri’s adsorbent products have helped produce quality edible oils Worldwide, there are substantial diff erences in detergents for- 410 N.Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL60611|312-321-1515pure-flo.com | [email protected] (Switzerland). She can reached at be [email protected]. Battelle-Geneva at Laboratory Chemistry Analytical the in leader World Detergent Program on detergent composition and technical tion. From 2005 to 2009, she was program manager of the Battelle www.battelle.org/bwdp). (website:study this for wereused data partial whose period, 2008 the Battelle World Detergent Technical Program during the 2006 – of this work and all the multinationalsupport clients for founding logistic for Institute Memorial Battelle acknowledges author The nical and business model of the new organiza- United States and then consolidated the tech- ResearchInstitute programtothe analytical Battelle Geneva-basedtransfer thethe inof assistedshe 2009 During worldwide.trends programs on detergent formulations and their ment relatedsupport to multiclient analytical istry providing technical and business develop- Heliana Kola is a freelance consultant in chem- inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 199 DURABILITY REPEATABLE RESULTS Introducing the Anderson 12” HivexTM Series Expander

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Shrinking the eff ects of the obesity epidemic Worldwide, there are more than 1 billion overweight adults. An estimated 22 million children under fi ve are overweight. If we can’t stop people from getting heavier, can we at least develop drugs that prevent them from getting sick with obesity-related diseases? Review, Winter, 2011. © 2011 The President and Fellows College of Harvard HealthPublic from Harvard Kentbypermission Dayton/HSPH.Photo Reprinted with

Richard Saltus

The research career of Gökhan Hota- misligil, chair of the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, has circled around that question for more than two decades. Today, with fi ndings from his lab poised to be translated into new drugs, the goal of averting long-term medical complications in an increasingly overweight population may be closer than ever. Since arriving at the School in 1995, When Gökhan Hotamisligil began his career at HSPH 15 years ago, the overweight and obesity Hotamisligil has pursued with Captain Ahab– rate in the U.S. was 56%, and type 2 diabetes was surging. Today, the overweight rate is 66%. like intensity one of the most important bio- By 2015, 75% of Americans will be overweight, and 41% obese. medical problems of our time: the spiraling epidemic of metabolic diseases, such as type Racing against a to 29.9, and a BMI exceeding 30 is considered 2 diabetes and heart disease, associated with obese. Obesity is also associated with a dis- the relentless rise of obesity in America and, surging epidemic proportionate amount of body fat.) increasingly, around the world. When Hotamisligil launched his research Given the lack of success in curbing In October 2010, his 2006 article in here 15 years ago, the US rate of overweight obesity, a bigger public health payoff may Nature, “Inflammation and metabolic dis- and obesity was already 56%; in lock step, the come in finding better ways to blunt the orders,” was named the most-cited paper in prevalence of diabetes was surging. Today, the body’s many harmful responses to excess clinical medicine research. Hotamisligil has overweight rate is 66%, and the paired epi- weight. That means gaining a much more “catalyzed a paradigm shift in our understand- demics are rising so rapidly that, if current detailed understanding of the underlying ing of the nature of metabolic disease,” said trends continue, by 2015, a shocking three pathology of chronic metabolic illnesses. the International Association for the Study of of every four Americans will be overweight At HSPH, Hotamisligil has doggedly Obesity, which named him the 2010 winner (and 41% obese) while 15% of adults will be hunted the complex and elusive biological of its prestigious Wertheimer Award, given living with diabetes and its oft en devastating links between obesity and insulin resistance— every four years for outstanding basic science complications. (Normal weight is a body mass the fi rst stage in developing metabolic illness. contributions to the fi eld. index—BMI—of under 25; overweight is 25 He has uncovered new molecular pathways 202 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

didn’t develop insulin resistance even when information eating a high-fat diet. These escort proteins Obesity: A Global Snapshot or “lipid chaperones” latch onto fat molecules and transport them within cells and dictate ■■ Worldwide, there are more than 1 billion overweight adults. An estimated 22 million their biological effects. Hotamisligil reported children under five are overweight. that when these FABP-deficient mice were fed ■■ Current obesity levels range from below 5% in China, Japan, and certain African on high-fat diets, they were protected from nations to more than 75% in urban Samoa. diabetes, fatty liver, and heart disease. ■■ Americans walk just 5,117 steps per day. By contrast, adults in western Australia average 9,695 steps; the Swiss average 9,650 steps; and the Japanese average 7,168 steps. Convincing the skeptics ■■ A severely obese person is likely to die 8–10 years earlier than a person of normal These and other early discoveries began to weight. implicate immune system overreaction and ■■ In 1997, the World Health Organization formally recognized obesity as a global epi- inflammation as triggers of metabolic disease. demic. But the upstart ideas ruffled some feathers in Sources: World Health Organization; Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, October 2010; Organization for Economic the mainstream obesity community. “Many Cooperation and Development people were not convinced,” he says, referring to the early 1990s. Thus, Hotamisligil was gratified when he and identified control points that may prove manuscripts and journals squared up per- won the 2007 Outstanding Scientific Accom- to be valuable targets for short-circuiting the fectly at attention. A native of Turkey, he is, plishment Award of the American Diabetes connection between obesity and poor health. not surprisingly, a lover of strong coffee, and Association for discovering the inflamma- although it’s late in the afternoon, he produces tory basis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The A new picture of the body cups of espresso for himself and a visitor. award recognizes “independence of thought, “From the beginning,” he explains, “the big Over the years, Hotamisligil has expanded originality, significance of discovery, and question for me was why, in the presence of his investigations of the mechanisms behind impact on his/her area of research.” even a few extra pounds of accumulated fat, inflammation—the body’s complex biologi- Many more findings on this theme were do you become prone to so many different cal response to injury, infection, and to the to follow, and not just in mice. In 2006, Hota- diseases, including insulin resistance, diabetes, cellular stress caused by obesity. He has also misligil and HSPH associate professor Eric hypertension, asthma, neurodegenerative dis- delved into the role of lipid-binding proteins. Rimm reported that obese individuals who eases, and cancer?” He likens this condition Most recently, Hotamisligil has woven these had inherited another variation of a FABP to an accelerated form of aging of the body. discoveries into a cohesive new picture of gene were much less prone to type 2 dia - The general idea is that when individ- how the body normally maintains a healthy betes, heart disease, and elevated triglycer- uals gain and retain excess pounds, dietary energy balance—and how so many bad ides. In 2008, it was reported that blocking fats are no longer safely stored in cells called things happen when the metabolic machin- an inflammatory cytokine in humans treats adipocytes. As a result, lipids—blood-borne ery becomes overwhelmed by excess nutri- insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. fats—spill into the circulation and deposit ents and fat and starts to break down. And in 2010, scientists at Harvard-affil- themselves in skeletal muscles, the liver, the In his view, the metabolic balance of fuel iated Joslin Diabetes Center reported that an heart, and blood vessels. There, through bio- and energy in the body is regulated by two aspirin-like drug improved insulin function chemical actions, the lipids throw a wrench systems that have been intertwined through and other complications in diabetic patients, into the normal uptake of glucose into muscle evolution. One is made up of networks of pro- raising the prospect of treating diabetes with and other body cells by making the cells’ teins that sense levels of nutrients and adjust off-the-shelf anti-inflammatory drugs. receptors “deaf” to insulin signals. Insulin their processing into energy; the other is the resistance creates a pre-diabetic state of rising immune system cells that detect microbes Next: drug treatments blood sugar levels, triggering a cascade of tis- and fight them off. This integration of the two sue-damaging events. Although there is still much more to be unrav- systems, according to Hotamisligil, accounts Hotamisligil and other scientists had dis- eled, Hotamisligil’s discoveries have already for the inflammatory response to overweight covered that adipocytes are not simply passive produced a number of targets within the obe- and obesity, although this particular form fat-storing cells; they also emit metabolic and sity-triggered networks that drug-makers have of inflammation—he calls it “metaflamma- hormonal signals, some of which help reg- in their sights. Some potential drugs would tion”—is not the result of infection and does ulate the immune system. During his earli- hinder the action of FABP; others would not resemble the classic features of inflam- est work at the School, he attracted attention inhibit molecular signals that rev up inflammation at all. with a finding that when he knocked out one mation in response to cellular stress caused of these immune-activating signals in obese by overburdened fat cells. This type of stress The path from mice, they were less prone to the ill effects of affects the “minifactories,” called endoplas- obesity to disease excess weight, providing solid evidence that mic reticulum, within cells where proteins are made. In his most recent work, Hotamisligil is In a recent interview, Hotamisligil reflected erroneous immune response is triggered by excess nutrients and energy. developing strategies to beef up the minifac- on the trajectory and implications of his pro- tories’ ability to absorb the extra demands of lific research. 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Engineering... Excellence inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 205 Briefs News & Noteworthy Swiss specialty chemicals group Clariant International Ltd. (Muttenz) announced on February 16, 2011, an agreement with the major shareholders of Süd-Che- mie AG (Munich, Germany) to take over more than 95% of Süd-Chemie’s shares. The transaction is subject to several conditions, including clearance under cartel law and execution of a capital increase to be decided by a general meeting of Clariant shareholders. nnn Premium Nutrients Bhd’s wholly-owned Malim Sawit Sdn Bhd (MBSB) agreed in February 2011 to sell a palm oil refinery complex in Kluang, Johor, Malaysia, to ST Refinery Sdn Bhd for RM15.5 million (about $5.1 million). “The company faces increasing competition from large integrated regional and global players, who are involved from plantations to milling, refining and manufacturing and where economies of scale and substantial injection of capital are critical,” according to the New Straits Times (Malaysia). nnn Oil crops outlook by 900,000 metric tons (MT) to a record MPT Mustard Products & Technolo- 32.3 MMT. gies Inc. (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Estimated global soybean output for 2010/11 Similarly, favorable growing conditions Canada) has received a $300,000 was estimated higher at 256.1 million metric are present in Paraguay. Higher expected financing package from Ag-West Bio’s tons (MMT) in the February 2011 Oil Crops soybean yields boosted USDA’s crop esti- Outlook report issued by the US Department mate for Paraguay to a record 7.5 MMT Commercialization Fund. MPT is devel- of Agriculture (USDA) as compared with from 7 MMT last month. Paraguay’s soybean oping biodegradable products from the previous month’s report. The higher esti- exports in 2010/11 are seen increasing to 5.6 locally grown mustard seed, including mate was due to crop increases for Brazil and MMT—beating last year’s high of 5.35 MMT. a high-value biopesticide formulation. Paraguay, which more than offset a reduction In Argentina, abundant rains in the Ag-West, which is also based in Saska- for Argentina. USDA also estimated global second half of January and early February toon, has been working with MPT since exports of soybeans for 2010/11 as slightly eased a dry spell that had gripped the country 2009 on business planning, feasibility higher, increasing to 98.6 MMT from 92.8 since September 2010. The timely moisture assessment, and capitalization. MMT in 2009/10. encouraged farmers to continue planting nnn Soybean production for Brazil in into early February, ensuring that Argentine India’s Avesthagen Ltd. (Bangalore) 2010/11 was forecast 1 MMT higher in the soybean area would match last year’s record announced in February 2011 that it has February report, to 68.5 MMT, based on a high. Despite the stabilizing weather condi- completed its development of micro- small increase in the expected yield. Brazil’s tions, the prior dryness likely stunted yield algae-derived DHA (docosahexaenoic growing season started late as rainfall did not potential for the earliest sown soybeans. acid). really pick up until mid-October 2010. Since Thus, USDA lowered its soybean yield esti- The company told AP-FoodTech- then, frequent rains have aided yield pros- mate for Argentina in the February outlook nology.com that its patented technol- pects dramatically. Soybean harvesting was report, which decreased the crop forecast by ogy allows commercial production underway in Mato Grosso in February 2011 1 MMT to 49.5 MMT. of high-quality, 100% vegetarian but at that point accounted for no more than With a likely smaller crop, Argentine AvestaDHA. The ingredient is pro- 1% of this year’s total area, compared with soybean exports in 2010/11 are expected to duced via fermentation using a novel 5% a year ago. Near-record soybean prices slip to 11.6 MMT from 13.1 MMT last year. Schizochytrium linacinum strain SC-1. in Brazil have already encouraged farmers Ending stocks of soybeans are also likely to DHA is a long-chain omega-3 essen- to make sales commitments for close to half tighten further as domestic crushing stays tial fatty acid linked to eye, brain, and the crop. The higher expected supply is seen strong. raising 2010/11 soybean exports from Brazil continued on next page heart health. n 206 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

In Canada, export shipments of canola fruit to oil mills. Th e current defi cit is likely and 15% in December. Food security is a top seed were proceeding at a record pace. Th e to be made up by a seasonal upswing after concern right now for Indonesian offi cials, as 2010/11 export forecast was raised 400,000 March, but it reduces the 2010/11 forecast it is in many countries. Th e food sector uses MT to 6.8 MMT. A decline to date for canola of Malaysian palm oil output in the Febru- about 75% of the palm oil produced in Indo- exports to China has been off set by increases ary report by 600,000 MT to 18 MMT. Th e nesia, although development of the country’s to Pakistan, the United Arab Emirates, and modest production gains against last season’s oleochemical industry has been emphasized Bangladesh, USDA said. Th e gains in inter- total of 17.8 MMT may not occur until late in recent years. national trade were expected to reduce sea- in the October–September marketing year. As edible and industrial use of palm son-ending canola stocks to 1.3 MMT. Th is At the same time, Malaysian palm oil oil within Indonesia grows, it constrains carryout would be down from 2.1 MMT in exports are up 1% from a year earlier. Th ey the capacity to export. Therefore, USDA 2009/10 and would be Canada’s lowest since could strengthen in the months ahead unless trimmed the forecast of Indonesian exports 2003/04. “Th e reduction is impressive since further price increases ration demand by for 2010/11 by 150,000 MT to 17.85 MMT. it follows two of the top three canola crops importing countries. However, some import- “Still, the gain from last year’s total of 16.6 ever produced in Canada,” the report noted. ers may already believe that higher prices are MMT would represent two-thirds of the inevitable and are preparing to build stocks annual global increase in palm oil exports,” for security. If so, it means that Malaysian sea- the report noted. GLOBAL PALM OIL OUTLOOK son-ending stocks of palm oil could tumble Although Thailand has historically Global stocks of palm oil were expected to below 1 MMT for the fi rst time in eight years. been a self-sufficient producer and minor fall to an eight-year low in 2010/11 of 3.1 Th e country’s oil stocks at the end of Decem- exporter of palm oil, this year its government MMT. Steady demand from India, China, ber still totaled 1.6 MMT. is expected to allow imports of up to 150,000 and other importing countries was expected In contrast, Indonesia may account MT. Implementation of a compulsory 5% to raise consumption by 8% to 48.9 MMT in for more than three-fourths of this year’s biodiesel blend for Th ailand is fueling robust 2010/11. Exports of other vegetable oils were expected global increase in palm oil pro- growth in its biodiesel industry (expected to anticipated to increase quite modestly due to duction, which is expected to be up 5% to rise 23% in 2010/11 to 1 MMT). As a result, higher domestic use in the major exporting 48 MMT. Annual production increases have local shortages of cooking oil have driven up countries. Palm oil therefore has to bear more been largely due to a rapid expansion of oil consumer costs. of the responsibility of international trade in palm area over the past decade. Indonesian Th e imports of palm oil will help Th ai- vegetable oil. So, like soybean oil, prices for output for 2010/11 is forecast to expand land to preserve adequate domestic sup- Malaysian palm oil are up 56% from a year to 23.6 MMT (up 600,000 MT from the plies for the food sector, USDA said, but will ago and approaching their all-time peak of January 2011 report), compared with 22 convert the country into a net importer. early 2008. MMT in 2009/10. In Malaysia, palm oil output for However, much of this gain in palm oil October–December 2010 was down 15% production may be absorbed by the domestic First US aquaculture from a year earlier. The production deficit market, the report suggested. In February, the may even widen, USDA suggested, because rise in prices automatically triggered a hike in guidelines released recent torrential rains have fl ooded oil palm the Government of Indonesia’s export tax on In February 2011, the National Oceanic and plantations and disrupted their deliveries of crude palm oil to 25% from 20% in January Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; Silver

Lawmakers in India announced plans in February 2011 to require larger or profi t- able companies to contribute a minimum of 2% of their average annual profi ts for the past three years to corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. The recom- mendations do not detail what constitutes spending on CSR, notes Satvik Varma in The Economic Times (India). nnn have yet to focus on more than energy Almost all companies are beginning to cost savings, material effi ciency, and risk develop green-business practices strate- mitigation,” the two groups said in a joint gies, according to a report from the MIT news release. The study is titled “Sustain- Sloan Management Review and the Boston ability: The ‘Embracers’ Seize Advantage.” Consulting Group. Based on data collected It is available at http://tinyurl.com/Sloan- from more than 3,100 global corporate Sustainability. leaders, the study “found that a two-speed nnn landscape is emerging, with a gap between Archer Daniels Midland Co. (ADM; Decatur, Sustainability sustainability ‘embracers’—those who place Illinois, USA) announced in February 2011 sustainability high on their agenda—and that it plans to invest in sustainable palm watch nonembracers or ‘cautious adopters,’ who production in Brazil. Spanning fi ve years, inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 207

Spring, Maryland, USA) released a draft encephalopathy) infectivity in tallow, includ- The parameters considered are mainly national aquaculture policy—the first for ing Category 1 materials. temperature, time, and pressure. In EFSA’s the United States—in response to increased The current Regulation (EC) No. opinion, the reduction effects of the differ- demand for sustainably produced seafood. 1774/2002 on animal by-products foresees ent steps that characterize the processes are Farmed seafood presently accounts that rendered fats obtained from Category 2 assessed and, when possible, quantified. The for about 5% of seafood consumed in the and Category 3 materials may be used for the two steps with experimental evidence that United States, according to NOAA. Eighty- manufacture of oleochemical products. (Cat- contribute to the TSE risk reduction are four percent of seafood consumed in the egory 1 material includes animals suspected hydrolytic fat splitting and hydrogenation. United States is imported and about half of of being infected by TSE as well as specified EFSA has concluded that if the criti - that comes from aquaculture, the agency risk material [SRM]. SRM is the general term cal limits of the specific method considered said, adding that global demand is increas- for tissues of ruminant animals that cannot be are met, the reduction of TSE infectivity of ing rapidly. inspected and passed for human food because certain processes is significant. However, con- The draft policy document focuses on scientists have determined that bovine spon- sidering the uncertainties in the TSE infec- how US aquaculture can be carried out sus- giform encephalopathy-causing prions con- tivity reduction in oleochemical products tainably. It also outlines general standards that centrate there. These can include brains, eyes, derived from Category 1 material, these prod- aquaculture fisheries will have to meet in an spinal cords, and other organs. Category 2 ucts cannot be reliably regarded to be free of effort to ensure minimal impact on wild fish material includes animals that die [other than infectivity and therefore could pose a risk if stocks and marine ecosystems. “These include cattle and sheep containing SRM], animals they entered the food and feed chain. recommending more research into alterna- killed to eradicate an epizootic disease, and As for efficacy of the hydrogenation step, tive feeds for farmed fish so they are not fed manure and digestive tract content. Cate - only batch processes can be compared to val- smaller wild varieties, which contributes to gory 3 materials include parts of slaughtered idated experiments; continuous processes the decline in wild fish populations, and a animals that are fit for human consumption could not be considered effective due to the proposed ban on stocking fish farms with but are not intended for human consumption lack of critical data (i.e., minimum retention non-native fish, pending more research into for commercial reasons or because of con- time). As for the splitting step carried out in potential outcomes if they should escape,” sumer choice.) continuous reactors, the processing time rep- noted FoodNavigator.com. Under the new Animal By-Product Reg- resents a sufficient safety margin compared to ulation (Reg. EC No. 1069/2009), the use the minimum requirement, and therefore it is of Category 1 material in the production of considered effective, EFSA noted. EFSA on tallow and TSE oleochemical products may be also autho- Following a request from the European Com- rized, if the manufacturing processes that mission (EC), the European Food Safety are applied by the oleochemical industry are Authority (EFSA) Scientific Panel on Bio- capable of sufficiently inactivating any poten- logical Hazards (BIOHAZ) provided sci- tial risks linked to TSE. This would allow the entific advice on the capacity of specific use of such products in various applications, oleochemical processes to minimize possible such as in soaps, cosmetic products, and plas- risks linked to TSE (transmissible spongiform tics, regardless of the category of animal by- products that is used as starting materials. The European Oleochemicals and Allied Products Group (APAG), a sector group of the European Chemical Industry Council the ADM investment will encompass (CEFIC), has submitted scientific evidence to approximately 12,000 hectares of palm pro- the EC regarding the capacity of oleochemical duction in the state of Pará and will include processes to inactivate possible risks linked to the construction of a palm processing plant. TSE in animal by-products not intended for Castorseed crop survey Construction of the processing plant near human consumption. India’s production of castorseed is expected São Domingos do Capim—approximately The oleochemical processes considered to increase by 22% to 11.90 lakh tons (about 100 miles east of Belém, the state capital consist mainly of hydrolytic fat splitting of 1.1 million metric tons) in 2010/11, accord- of Pará—is expected to begin in 2013, with tallow to obtain fatty acids and glycerol under ing to the Solvent Extractors’ Association of operations commencing in 2016. conditions of 200°C at 16 bar of pressure for India. Production in 2009/10 reached 9.78 nnn 20 minutes. The processes can be carried out lakh tons (approximately 890,000 metric IOI-Loders Croklaan shipped its first bulk in a unit tower or multitower plant. If satu- tons). vessel shipment of Roundtable on Sustain- rated fatty acids or hydrogenated tallow is to The survey, which was conducted by be obtained, hydrogenation under conditions able Palm Oil-certified sustainable palm Nielsen India, said that yield is also expected of 160°C at 12 bar of hydrogen pressure for to increase by 7% to 1,385 kilogram (kg)/ oil to North America, according to the ICIS 20 minutes is applied in batch or continuous hectare (ha) as compared with 1,297 kg/ha Green Chemicals blog. The palm oil will reactors. Eight different processes consisting in the 2009/10 marketing year. The greatest be kept fully segregated during transport of a combination of different steps may be increase in production is expected to occur to the IOI-Loders Croklaan refinery and used according to the different end products in the state of Andhra Pradesh, followed by will be offered to customers beginning in desired and type of reactors used. 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Learn more at www.aocs.org/LabServices inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 209 Briefs Biofuels News Indian Railways is ready to build up to four biodiesel plants costing about Rs 120 crore ($26.3 million). Two esterification plants will be commissioned at Raipur and Chennai during the next two years, according to a senior railway ministry official. Plans for the other two will be made firm at a later date. Each plant will produce about 30 metric tons of biodiesel per day from waste oil, fatty acid, and non-edible vegetable oils. The biodiesel will then be blended with HSD (high-speed diesel) oil for running the locomotives. nnn After Finnair announced in December 2010 that it would start using biofuel in some of its commercial fl ghts in 2011 (inform 22:81, 2011), the airline went back on its decision. Kati Ihamäki, environmental director of Finnair, was quoted in the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat Credit: U.S. Air Force photo/Staff Sgt. Brian Ferguson on February 3 saying, “We would have wanted to start commercial flights with biofuel now, but products that are currently available have not met our sus- Braun said, “We expect to conclude HRJ tainability criteria.” The fuel was to have RENEWABLE DIESEL flight testing with the next 12 months, sup- been supplied by Neste Oil. Price was porting fleetwide HRJ certification within the another consideration. Ihamäki added, next 22 months.” “The problem is that products . . . at a US Air Force certifies suitable price are not currently avail- Preem announces able.” C-17 for hydrotreated nnn diesel made from Lufthansa Airlines also ran into a snag renewable jet fuel with its plan to power commercial forestry residue flights with biofuels. Estimates in late The US Air Force certified its C-17 Globe- February were that Lufthansa’s six- master III for unlimited usage of hydro - In February, Swedish oil and energy firm month trial of biofuels, which had been processed blended biofuels, also known as Preem AB, headquartered in Stockholm, hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ) fuels. announced it had completed the development scheduled to start in April, will now be According to Kevin Geiss, deputy assistant of what it calls the “world’s first” green diesel postponed to the end of May. The delay secretary for energy of the Air Force, “This made using tall oil (see inform 11:580–588, was necessitated by the failure of an certification marks the Air Force’s first plat- 2000), a waste product from making paper. ASTM International subcommittee to form to be fully certified using an HRJ blend.” The diesel product is scheduled to be released give an anticipated green light to the Geiss added that this certification repre- in two forms: Preem Evolution, or B15 (15% airline for the 50:50 blend of biofuel sents the Air Force’s commitment to ensure biodiesel and 85% petrodiesel), and B5. The (derived from vegetable oil) and tradi- the supply, no matter the source, meets the company says Preem Evolution diesel will tional kerosene it had planned to use. service’s required standards, and demonstrates provide 16% lower CO2 emissions, According to Richard Altman, execu- the commitment of the Air Force to reduce its Tall oil is a by-product of the kraft tive director of the Commercial Avia- dependence on foreign sources of oil. (sulfate) processing of pinewood for pulp tion Alternative Fuels Initiative, “ASTM According to Jeff Braun, alternative fuel and paper. Preem jointly runs the SunPine is simply wrapping up the remaining certification office chief for the Air Force, the factory in Piteå along with Sveaskog Southern technical details . . . . It has simply taken certification clears the C-17 to fly on a volu- and Kiram (inform 19:545, 2008). The tall oil longer than we would have expected” metric blend of up to 50% HRJ fuel with 50% is first processed there, then refined to diesel (www.soyatech.com/news_story.php? JP-8, as well as a blend of 25% HRJ/25% syn- specifications at Preem’s refinery in Gothen- thetic paraffinic kerosene fuel/50% JP-8. burg. According to Green Car Congress continuedcontinued onon nextnext pagepage 210 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 8d22333). Lufthansa has an agreement with Neste Oil (Espoo, Finland) for jet fuel derived from vegetable oil using Neste’s NExBTL biomass-to-liquid tech- (www.greencarcongress.com/2011/02/ The company stance is that it still antici- nology. preem-20110221.html ), Preem has an annual pates a future in renewable fuels and that it nnn capacity of about 100 million liters of crude does not regret the resources it has spent in On February 10, the government of tall oil, which provides yields of more than constructing either its renewable diesel plant Canada announced that it was moving 600 million liters of the finished blend. in Singapore, which came onstream in 2010, forward with its requirement for an Preem Evolution Diesel will be available or the plant that presently is being finished in average 2% renewable content in diesel at 366 of Preem’s approximately 470 filling Rotterdam, the Netherlands. fuel and heating oil. Agriculture Min- stations for private motorists and heavy traffic ister Gerry Ritz remarked, “The new as of April 9, 2011. renewable fuel content in biodiesel and heating oil will give our farmers ALGAE another market for their crops and dem- Neste renewable diesel onstrates how agriculture can contrib- reduces emissions ute to reducing Canada’s environmental Algae production footprint.” The proposed regulatory A three-year biofuel trial organized by Neste potential modeled amendment first was published in the Oil (Espoo, Finland), Helsinki Regional Canada Gazette, Part I. The Government Transport (HSL; Finland), and Proventia A group of researchers from Joule Unlim - of Canada has proposed a coming-into- (Oulunsalo, Finland), an international envi- ited (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA), ronmental technology group that is working force date of July 1, 2011. FlagshipVenture Labs (Cambridge), and for clean air, was recently completed. nnn Harvard University (Boston, Massachusetts) Data collected by VTT Technical have published a model of the production of In the United States, representatives Research Centre (Finland) showed that (i) oil by genetically engineered cyanobacteria. of the advanced ethanol industry particulate emissions in buses fueled with According to their calculations, direct product and the Renewable Fuels Associa- Neste’s NExBTL renewable diesel were synthesis and continuous product secretion tion announced the formation of the reduced by 30% and (ii) emissions of NOx of 15,000 gallons (57,000 liters) of alkane Advanced Ethanol Council (AEC) in mid- were reduced by10%. per acre per year are feasible, compared with February 2011. The following compa- The trial was the world’s largest renew- 3,000 gallons of biodiesel per acre per year nies are founding members of the AEC: able fuel field trial to date. About 300 vehicles, produced indirectly from algae. Abengoa Bioenergy, BlueFire Renew- or over 20% of HSL’s buses, took part in the The solar-to-product conversion effi- ables, Coskata, Enerkem, Fulcrum Bio- trial. During the trial, the buses were driven ciency of Joule’s direct continuous process Energy, Inbicon, Iogen, Mascoma, Osage more than 50 million kilometers in total. for producing diesel, ethanol, and chemicals is Bio Energy, and Qteros. AEC members In the initial phase of the trial, buses ran 5–50 times greater than any biomass-depen- want to develop federal and state pol- on a blend of 30% NExBTL renewable diesel dent process and gains additional efficiencies icies to accelerate advanced ethanol and 70% standard diesel. From 2008 onward, by avoiding downstream refining. development, ensure proper account- some of the buses used solely NExBTL. The The researchers calculated that the direct ing of greenhouse gas emissions and greatest reductions in emissions occurred in process—using the genetically engineered other environmental concerns, and buses using 100% NExBTL. cyanobacteria—could achieve a photosyn- expand the marketplace for ethanol At present, Neste uses vegetable oil, such thetic conversion efficiency of more than 7% fuels. as palm oil and rapeseed oil, as well as waste relative to available yearly solar energy strik- nnn fat from food manufacturers for the compa- ing the ground, a value considerably higher Biofuels will be used in the United States ny’s renewable diesel. According to Sakari than earlier industry assumptions. to make money—literally. Crane & Co., Toivola, Neste Oil’s executive vice president, The paper, written by D.E. Robertson, oil retail, “The fuel . . . works very well in older which has been producing paper used S.A. Jacobson, F. Morgan, D. Berry, G.M. buses and performs excellently even in chal- for US currency for over 130 years, will Church, and N.B. Afeyan, appeared origi- lenging winter conditions.” nally online in Photosynthesis Research (doi: use technology provided by Envergent 10.1007/s11120-011-9631-7). Technologies LLC (Des Plaines, Illinois, USA), a Honeywell company, to convert Neste expects loss biomass feedstock into a renewable oil Solazyme, Qantas to heat and power its Crane, Massa- The Business Times Singapore reported on Feb- chusetts, facility. Envergent’s technol- ruary 8 that Neste Oil is expecting its renew- to collaborate ogy will convert local forest residues able fuel division to wind up with a loss this year. The prediction is based on weak margins In mid-February, Solazyme, Inc., an industrial into liquid biofuel by rapidly heating for renewable diesel—as prices of feedstocks biotechnology company producing renewable biomass at ambient pressure to gen- for renewable diesel rose in the second half oils and bioproducts using microalgae, and erate liquid biofuel. This can be used of 2010—and the slow pace of adoption of Australia’s Qantas Airlines announced their as a direct replacement for petroleum- biofuel legislation in the European Union and agreement to collaborate in establishing the based fuel in Crane’s burners and gen- the United States. potential to produce Solazyme’s microbially erators. n inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 211

derived aviation fuel, Solajet, on a commercial further described in a downloadable company basis in Australia. document: http://66.151.177.20/data/File/ The two companies issued a joint state- papers/PDF/pef_algae_10_web.pdf. BIODIESEL ment in which Qantas Chief Executive Officer Alan Joyce said, “Over the next year, we look forward to working with Solazyme— Algae to be grown in Biodiesel in conflict with and with other important government and private sector stakeholders—to build the case Kentucky for biofuel cooking oil in Thailand for clean jet fuel production in Australia.” He Alltech, a company active in the field of Bangkok’s The Nation newspaper reported in added, “We believe this is important not just natural animal nutrition, opened its $200 February that supermarkets in the country for Qantas but for the Australian economy as million Alltech Algae plant in Winchester, had been having difficulties since January in a whole, given the global emergence of green Kentucky, USA, on February 23. Alltech procuring enough bottled cooking oil (palm technologies and their potential to drive Algae is a state-of-the-art algae fermentation oil) to keep their shelves stocked. growth and create jobs.” facility that was acquired in 2010 from Martek One reason is that November-December Technology developed by Solazyme Bioscience Corporation (Columbia, Mary- floods in 2010 hampered shipments of crude (headquartered in South San Francisco, Cal- land, USA) for approximately $14 million and palm oil (CPO) from farms to processors. ifornia, USA) allows algae to produce oil and has been renovated in the past few months to Another, according to the paper, was biomaterials in standard fermentation facili- begin in April as one of the largest algae pro- that biodiesel companies were hoarding palm ties quickly, efficiently, and at a large scale. duction sites in the world. oil in anticipation of rising palm oil prices. These oils can be tailored not only for biofuel At the plant opening, Pearse Lyons, Biodiesel companies have been using palm oil production but also as replacements for fossil founder and president of Alltech, said, “For as a feedstock for B3 (3% biodiesel + 97% pet- petroleum and plant oils in a diverse range of Alltech, algae fermentation presents the latest rodiesel) and B5, following the Thai govern- products. technological frontier from which we expect ment’s policy promoting the use of biofuels to According to BiofuelsDigest.com incredible opportunities in the areas of food, reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuels. (http://tinyurl.com/SolazymeQantas), feed, and fuel to arise.” In late February the Thai Energy Min- Qantas’ General Manager of Environment A company statement said that the algae istry decided to redirect 5,000 metric tons and Fuel Conservation Peter Broschofsky, will be used for value-added feed products, (MT) of CPO, originally intended for biofuel who is coordinating the collaboration with algae-derived bio-fuel, and the production production, into the nation’s food chain for Solazyme, said that Qantas has not ruled out of ethanol. refinement into cooking oil. Another 10,000 taking an investment stake in a biofuels enter- prise. Any decision, though, will be made after the feasibility work is completed. Process to enhance oil extraction from algae A low-cost process for the pre-treatment of algae using pulsed electric field technology has been introduced to the market by Diver- sified Technologies, Inc. (Bedford, Massachu- setts, USA). The technology streamlines the extraction of oils from algal cells early in the biorefining process. The process applies 10–30 kV/cm electric pulses for 2–20 microseconds to an algal slurry, which rupture the cell walls to release biodiesel compounds such as methyl hexa- decanoate. The company estimates this low energy process of lysing algal cells would account for about $0.10/gallon ($0.02/liter) of the price of algal-derived biofuel compared with $1.75/gallon ($0.40/liter) for conventional drying. Credit: Alltech Staff Photo Diversified Technologies claims the process can be used in-line and is fully scalable Ribbon-cutting ceremony on February 23 for Alltech Algae in Winchester, Kentucky, USA. to high production volumes. The process is Left to right: Henry Branham, judge-executive of Clark County; Ed Burtner, mayor of Win- chester; Deirdre Lyons; Pearse Lyons, Alltech president; Larry Hayes, secretary of the Ken- tucky Cabinet for Economic Development; and Nathan Hohman, chief financial officer of Alltech. 212 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

MT, held by the private sector, was also sched- expected by companies and farmers drop-in replacement for diesel fuel in indus- uled for conversion to household cooking oil. alike. trial furnaces used for electric power gen- Additionally, the National Palm Oil 3. Biofuel companies are paying farmers eration and industrial heating. SG Biofuels Policy Committee, chaired by Thailand’s lower prices per unit than they would supplied the jatropha oil, and BNL did the Deputy Prime Minister Suthep Th augsuban, earn from growing traditional food testing of blends with residual oil. No prob- decided on February 22 to import 30,000 MT crops, or failing to pay farmers at all. lems in separation or necessity for modifi ca- of CPO before mid-March to help meet the 4. Biofuel feedstock produced in Ethi- tions to existing burners were identifi ed. domestic demand for cooking oil. According opia is being exported for process- In most of the tests jatropha oil blends to Th augsuban, the 30,000 MT of CPO could ing and sale in European and Asian were burned in a 1.5 million Btu/hr boiler produce 22 million liters of cooking oil. Th e markets. Thus, it is not in any way using a burner modifi ed to burn residual oil. total of 45,000 MT could thus be converted addressing the government’s stated Blends of 20% and 60%, as well as 100% jat- to 33 million liters of cooking oil. need for energy security. ropha oil, were evaluated in the combustion Cooking oil prices rose from 36 Baht 5. Challenges at policy level mean that performance tests. Th e lower viscosity of the ($1.19) per liter before the shortage to 47 the government is also failing to jatropha oil meant blends did not need to be Baht ($1.55) per liter in late February. undertake the monitoring and reg- heated to as high a temperature; thus, there ulation required to prevent negative was an overall energy savings when residual oil socio-economic and environmental was blended with jatropha oil. Furthermore, impacts. the low sulfur content of jatropha oil—less JATROPHA Speaking for jatropha: Karl Hilding than 3% that of typical heating oil—resulted Thunes, a scientist with the Norwegian in signifi cantly lower emissions of SO2. Forest and Landscape Institute, has been In a company statement, Kirk Haney, No consensus on investigating the characteristics of jatropha president and chief executive officer of SG by performing controlled experiments on Biofuels, said, “Use of jatropha oil for elec- jatropha in Africa irrigation and fertilization. He is conduct- tric power generation opens a signifi cant new Questions continue to arise regarding the ing these experiments with the International market in many regions of the world that con- suitability of jatropha as a cash crop in places Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid tinue to struggle with the challenge to identify such as Africa. Tropics (ICRISAT), under the auspices of the locally produced, sustainable, and cost-eff ec- Speaking against jatropha: Three non- Consultative Group on International Agricul- tive sources of energy.” governmental organizations—the African tural Research. Biodiversity Network, the Ethiopian Society According to Thunes, “Jatropha has for Consumer Protection, and Th e Gaia Foun- undoubtedly been over-hyped somewhat in GENERAL dation—released a report in December 2010 recent years. Expectations have become more entitled “Biofuels—A Failure for Africa.” Th e realistic now, but there is no question that jat- groups decry the idea that biofuels are a great ropha has major potential.” Crop insurance proposed opportunity for Africa, because the plant does Th unes has conducted studies and fi eld not produce sufficient seeds for farmers to trials of pest risks with jatropha in Ghana for biofuels producers make a profi t under conditions of inadequate and Niger. He reports, “A number of species water. consume jatropha, such as grasshoppers, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Sec- According to the report, jatropha is beetles, mites, butt erfl ies, and thrips” (htt p:// retary Tom Vilsack announced on February failing on these counts: tinyurl.com/jatropha-Th unes). However, he 25 that the USDA would in the near future 1. Jatropha performs poorly in areas contends these pests do not pose serious seek proposals to study the feasibility of pro- with low rainfall or low-nutrient soil, threats, and they can be thwarted by estab- viding crop insurance to producers of biofuel to the extent that it is no longer being lishing blooming hedges to help with polli- feedstocks, including corn stover, straw, and grown in areas originally developed nation or planting natural barriers of mango woody biomass. These feasibility studies, for plantations. or avocado trees between fi elds of jatropha. funded by the Risk Management Agency 2. Due to unproductive yields on jat- Furthermore, jatropha can be fertilized (RMA), will join research efforts already ropha plantations, companies have with its own nutrient-rich press cake, a residue under way for energy cane, switchgrass, and recruited small farmers as out-grow- of the oil extraction process, and utilizes much camelina. ers to grow castor oil. Yet castor’s less water than sugarcane and corn. “Providing additional risk manage- yields are still just a fraction of those ment tools for American farmers to produce advanced biofuels crops is an important step toward developing a thriving biofuels indus- Jatropha oil evaluated try and reducing our dependence on foreign information oil,” said Vilsack. for electric power Two contracts will be funded by USDA. Did you know that inform provides news updates Those interested in applying should refer on the AOCS homepage at www.aocs.org? As A study carried out by SG Biofuels (San well as alerts on Twitter at www.twitter.com/ Diego, California, USA) and Brookhaven to the solicitations that will be available on theAOCS and Facebook at www.facebook.com/ National Laboratory (BNL; Upton, New FedBizOpps at htt ps://www.fb o.gov/ or on AOCSFan? York, USA) considered the performance and RMA’s website at htt p://www.rma.usda.gov/ emissions benefi ts of using jatropha oil as a aboutrma/opportunities/. n inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 213 Briefs Health & Nutrition News Spending too much leisure time in front of a TV or computer screen appears to increase the risk for heart disease and premature death from any cause dra- Phytosterols show matically, perhaps regardless of how much exercise one gets, according to benefit as part of a study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (57:292–299, 2011) Western diet led by Emmanuel Stamatakis of the A daily four-gram dose of plant sterols in an Department of Epidemiology and Public enriched yogurt was associated with a 20% Health, University College London, UK. drop in LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cho- In fact, compared with those lesterol, a 16% decrease in total cholesterol, spending zero to two hours a day on and a 19% decline in triglyceride levels, screen-based entertainment, there was despite the subjects maintaining their habit- a 48% increased risk of all-cause mor- ual Western diet, according to results of a ran- tality in those spending four or more domized placebo-controlled study published hours a day and an approximately 125% in Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Dis- increase in risk of cardiovascular events eases (doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.12.004). in those spending two or more hours a Researchers at the Agricultural Univer- day. These associations were indepen- sity of Athens led by T.E. Sialvera recruited dent of traditional risk factors such as 108 persons with metabolic syndrome who smoking, hypertension, BMI (body mass were between 30 and 65 years of age and with index), and social class, as well as exer- an average BMI (body mass index) of 29 kg/ 2 cise. m . Participants were randomly assigned to nnn receive yogurt mini-drinks with or without added sterols (ELAIS-Unilever Hellas SA) for two months. The daily sterol dose was four grams, and participants continued to follow-up study from the same research team eat their normal diets. at Children’s Hospital Boston (Massachu- Results showed a significant reduction setts, USA) reveals exactly how omega-3s in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, tri - provide protection, and provides reassur- glycerides, as well as small and dense LDL ance that widely used COX-inhibiting drugs (sdLDL) levels in the phytosterol group, such as aspirin and other NSAIDs do not compared with the control group. “To the negate their benefit. (COX, or cyclooxygen- best of our knowledge, this is the first study ase, refers to either of two related enzymes [that] observed a decrease in sdLDL follow- that control the production of prostaglandins, An article in the American Journal ing phytosterol supplementation,” according which cause inflammation.) The findings, of Clinical Nutrition (doi: 10.3945/ to the researchers. published in Science Translational Medicine ajcn.110.004622) addresses “The role The researchers also found that subjects (doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001571), also of reducing intakes of saturated fat in the sterol group experienced a significant suggest that omega-3s may be beneficial in in the prevention of cardiovascular reduction of 7% in levels of apolipoprotein diabetes. disease: Where does the evidence stand B (apo B), compared with no change in the Retinopathy is caused by the prolifera- in 2010?” The researchers concluded controls. ApoB is the primary apolipoprotein tion of tortuous, leaky blood vessels in the that “single risk factors have limitations of LDL cholesterol and is responsible for the retina and is a leading cause of blindness for transport of cholesterol to tissues. There were when considered on their own because millions of persons around the world. Mil- no changes in levels of HDL (high-density the effects of diet on cardiovascular lions more have age-related macular degener- lipoprotein) cholesterol, apoA1, C-reactive disease (CVD) risk are mediated by many ation (AMD). The most common “wet” form protein, or in the subjects’ blood pressures. pathways, with blood lipids being only of AMD is also caused by abnormal blood one.” Further, the ratio of total choles- vessel growth. terol to HDL (high-density lipoprotein) The ability to prevent these neovas - How omega-3s cular eye diseases with omega-3 fatty acids cholesterol is a better predictor of the could provide tremendous cost savings, effect of saturated fatty acids on CVD prevent retinopathy says Children’s ophthalmologist Lois Smith, risk than LDL (low-density lipoprotein) Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to senior investigator on the study. “The cost and/or total cholesterol, as individual prevent retinopathy, a major form of blind- of omega-3 supplementation is about $10 fatty acids have differential effects on ness, in a mouse model of the disease. A a month, versus up to $4,000 a month for continued on next page various blood lipids. When it comes to 214 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) determining the correlation between CVD and food, the entire components comprised within the food matrix may be more important than concentrat- anti-vascular endothelial growth factor study, AREDS1, found higher self-reported ing solely on fatty acids content. As therapy,” she says, referring to drugs such as intake of fish to be associated with a lower an example, the paper points out that Macugen and Lucentis used in AMD and dia- likelihood of AMD. the protein, calcium, and other nutri- betic retinopathy. “Our new findings give us In addition, Smith is collaborating with ents within cheese, including certain new information on how omega-3s work that a group in Sweden that is conducting a clini- fatty acids, may offset the effects of its makes them an even more promising option.” cal trial of omega-3 fatty acids in premature saturated fatty acids content on blood Omega-3 fatty acids, highly concen- infants, who are often deficient in omega-3. lipids and overall CVD risk. trated in the retina, are often lacking in That study will measure infants’ blood levels nnn Western diets, which tend to be higher in of omega-3 products and follow the infants to omega-6 fatty acids. In Smith’s previous study, see if they develop retinopathy. If results are mice fed diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids had promising, Smith will seek FDA approval to nearly 50% less pathologic vessel growth in conduct a clinical trial in premature infants the retina than mice fed omega-6-rich diets. at Children’s. Smith and colleagues further showed that the Meanwhile, in her lab work, Smith plans omega-3 diet decreased inflammatory mes- to continue seeking beneficial lipid pathways, saging in the eye. while looking for the most harmful omega-6 In the new study, they document metabolites. “We found the good guys, now another protective mechanism: a direct we’ll look for the bad ones,” says Smith. “If we effect on blood vessel growth (angiogene- find the pathways, maybe we can selectively sis) that selectively promotes the growth of block the bad metabolites. We would hope healthy blood vessels and inhibits the growth to start with drugs that are already available.” of abnormal vessels. In addition, Smith and colleagues isolated the specific compound from omega-3 Researchers led by Jonathan Purnell fatty acids that has these beneficial effects at Oregon Health & Science University in mice (a metabolite of the omega-3 fatty (Portland, USA) say they have demon- acid DHA, known as 4-hydroxy-docosahexa- strated that the brain—which serves enoic acid), and the enzyme that produces it as a master control for body weight— (5-lipoxygenase, or 5-LOX). They showed reacts differently to fructose compared that COX enzymes are not involved in with another common sweetener, omega-3 breakdown, suggesting that aspirin glucose. The research appeared in Dia- and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflamma- betes, Obesity and Metabolism (13:229– tory drugs) will not interfere with omega-3 234, 2011). benefits. To conduct the research, nine “This is important for people with dia- normal-weight human study sub- betes, who often take aspirin to prevent heart jects underwent magnetic resonance disease, and also for elderly people with AMD imaging as they received an infusion who have a propensity for heart disease,” says of fructose, glucose, or a saline solu- Smith. (One drug used for asthma, zileuton, US eggs now lower tion. When the scientists compared the does interfere with 5-LOX, however.) in cholesterol brain scans from these three groups, Finally, the study demonstrated that they observed distinct differences. Brain 5-LOX acts by activating the peroxisome According to new nutrition data from the activity in the hypothalamus, one brain proliferator-activated receptor-γ, the same US Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural area involved in regulating food intake, receptor targeted by “glitazone” drugs taken Research Service (USDA-ARS), eggs are was not affected by either fructose or by patients with type 2 diabetes to increase lower in cholesterol than previously believed. glucose. their sensitivity to insulin. Since these drugs The USDA-ARS recently reviewed the nutri- also increase the risk for heart disease, boost- ent composition of standard large eggs, and However, activity in the cortical ing omega-3 intake through diet or supple- results show the average amount of choles- brain control areas showed the oppo- ments might be a safer way to improve insulin terol in one large egg is 185 mg, which is 14% site response during infusions of the sensitivity in patients with diabetes or pre- lower than previously recorded. The analysis sugars. Activity in these areas was inhib- diabetes. “There needs to be a good clinical also revealed that large eggs now contain 41 ited when fructose was given but acti- study in diabetes,” Smith says. IU of vitamin D, an increase of 64%. vated during glucose infusion. This Smith works closely with principal “We collected a random sample of is an important finding, the authors investigators at the National Eye Institute regular large shell eggs from 12 locations say, because these control brain areas who are conducting an ongoing multicenter across the country to analyze the nutrient included sites that are thought to be trial of omega-3 supplements in patients with content of eggs,” says Jacob Exler, nutrition- important in determining how humans AMD, known as AREDS2. The trial will con- ist with the Agricultural Research Service’s respond to food taste, smells, and pic- tinue until 2013. An earlier retrospective Nutrient Data Laboratory. “This testing tures. n inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 215

procedure was last completed with eggs in cannabinoid receptor in the prefrontal cortex 2002, and while most nutrients remained The link between of the brain. This protein—the CB1 canna- similar to those values, cholesterol decreased binoid receptor—has been linked, over the by 14%, and vitamin D increased by 64% from omega-3 deficit last decade and in various studies, to depres- 2002 values.” sive disorders.” The collected eggs were sent to a labora- and depression Rafael Rodríguez-Puertas, a co-author tory at Virginia Tech University (Blacksburg, The link between deficits of omega-3 polyun- who is also a researcher at the UPV/EHU, USA) to be prepared for nutrient analysis at saturated fatty acids and the onset of depres- points out that “certain forms of synaptic plas- certified nutrient analysis laboratories. The sive disorders is not new in the medical field. ticity—a change in the efficiency of neuro- samples were randomly paired for the testing However, the brain mechanism by which nal communication—measured by the brain’s procedure, and the analysis laboratories tested diet can condition mental health to a certain endocannabinoid system, disappear specifi- samples to determine composition of a variety extent has been difficult to establish. Now cally from certain zones of the brains of mice of nutrients including protein, fat, vitamins, research undertaken by scientists in Bor - with [a deficit of omega-3 fatty acids].” and minerals. Accuracy and precision were deaux (France) and at the Faculty of Med - Despite several examples in the scien- monitored using quality control samples. icine and Odontology of the University of tific literature referring to the existence of a According to Exler, this procedure is the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and pub- link between a dietary deficit of omega-3 fatty standard for the National Food and Nutrient lished in Nature Neuroscience (doi:10.1038/ acids and depressive disorders, Mato recog- Analysis Program (NFNAP), the program nn.2736) provides new clues to understand- nizes that “little more is known about how responsible for analyzing the nutrient compo- ing this phenomenon. modern Western diets, poor in [omega-3 fatty sition of a wide variety of foods and making According to Susana Mato, a researcher acids], affect brain function and what might nutrition information publicly available. at the UPV/EHU, “We have observed that, in be the reason for a greater rate of depression This information is available on the nutrient mice subjected to a diet low in omega-3 poly- associated with a deficit of these fatty acids.” data lab website at www.ars.usda.gov/nutri- unsaturated fatty acids, they have lower brain Mato added that the research “reinforces entdata. The new nutrient information will levels of omega-3s, and this fact is associated the idea that manipulating the endocannabi- also be updated on nutrition labels to reflect with an alteration in the functioning of the noid system can be useful for the treatment these changes wherever eggs are sold, from endocannabinoid system.” More concretely, of depressive disorders, although the data we egg cartons in supermarkets to school and Mato points to the confirmation of “the exis- have up to now is very green for us to say what restaurant menus. tence of a deficit in the signaling of the CB1 would be the ideal way to do so.” n

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(valid ● Bar Soap Finishing email address required) ● Manufacture of Multicolored and Multicomponent Soaps ● Soap Making Raw Materials: Their Sources, Specifi cations, Markets, and Handling ● Analysis of Soap and Related Materials ● Soap Bar Performance Evaluation Methods ● Soap Calculations, Glossary, and Fats, Oils, and Fatty Acid Specifi cations inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 217 Briefs Surfactants, Detergents, Amyris (Emeryville, California, USA) has announced the first sale of its renewable squalane. Squalane is a moistur- izing ingredient used in a wide range & Personal Care News of cosmetics, currently sourced from refined olive oil or shark liver oil. “Both parties involved in the collaboration believe squalane may be used for expanded consumer applications which today rely on nonsustainable materials,” said CosmeticsDesign.com. The renewable squalane is produced through the manufacture of Amyris’s renewable farnesene, which is then converted to squalane. nnn Ecolab (St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) announced in February that it has received an environmental stewardship award from the Austrian state of Oberösterreich in recognition of the company’s efforts to reduce the carbon footprint of a local hospital laundry. $178 $145 The Austrian Textile Care team was recognized for implementing a low-temperature washing process known as “Performance Smart” at a Braunau hospital laundry earlier in 2011. Performance Smart is a complete laundry program for conventional washers that combines chemistry with advanced wash formulas to create a process that reduces a facility’s water, USA) and colleagues note ongoing concern energy, and time requirements per First report on fate of about the environmental fate of the 1.4 load of soiled laundry. The result is underwater dispersants million gallons of dispersant applied to the a more sustainable, efficient wash ocean surface and the 770,000 gallons of dis- program, Ecolab says. Researchers are reporting that key chemical persant pumped to the mile-deep well head In the case of the Braunau facil- components of the 770,000 gallons (roughly during the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. ity, the program reportedly saved the 2.9 million liters) of oil dispersants applied Many studies show that dispersants added to hospital 1 million liters of water per below the ocean surface in the Deepwater surface oil spills prevent them from coating year and, simultaneously, reduced its Horizon spill did mix with oil and gas spewing and harming sensitive coastal environments, out of the damaged wellhead and remained energy consumption by 13,000 kilo- but no large-scale applications of dispersants in the deep ocean for two months or more in deep water had been conducted until the watt-hours per year. without degrading. However, it was not possi- Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Thus, no data nnn ble to determine if the first deep ocean use of exist on the environmental fate of dispersants Azelis (Antwerp, Belgium) announced oil dispersants worked as planned in breaking in deep water, the scientists say. in February 2011 that it had signed a up and dissipating the oil. Their study, the first The scientists collected and analyzed sea- definitive agreement to acquire raw peer-reviewed research published on the fate water samples from the Gulf of Mexico for the material and ingredient supplier S&D of oil dispersants added to underwater ocean presence of a key dispersant ingredient, called Group (Leicestershire, UK). The Euro- environments, appears in Environmental DOSS (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate—an pean specialty chemicals distributor Science & Technology (45:1298–1306, 2011). anionic surfactant), during the active oil flow will acquire S&D to strengthen its Life Elizabeth Kujawinski of the Woods Hole and again after the flow had ceased. They Science business serving the personal Oceanographic Institution (Massachusetts, found DOSS became concentrated in the care, pharmaceutical, and food industries, according to CosmeticsDesign- Europe.com. n 218 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

of permanent hair dyeing. The authors, Robert Christie and Olivier Morel, foresee much more innovation in the years ahead, including longer-lasting, more natural-looking dyes and genetic manipulation to reverse gray hair. They note that hair dye already is a multibillion dollar international industry, poised for even greater expansion in the future due to the graying of a global population yearning to cling to appearances of youth. Most permanent hair coloring technology, however, is based on a 150-year-old approach that uses p-phenylenediamine (PPD), a chemical that produces darker, browner shades when exposed to air. Concern over the safety of PPD and other hair dye ingredients, as well as demand for more convenient hair dyeing methods, has fos- tered an upswing in research on new dyes and alternative hair coloring technologies. The scientists describe progress toward those goals. Future hair coloring techniques are likely to include nano-sized colorants, for instance. Composed of pigments 1/5,000th the width of a human hair, they will penetrate the hair and remain trapped inside for longer- lasting hair coloration. Scientists are also developing substances that stimulate the genes to produce the melanin pigment that colors hair. These substances promise to produce a wider range of more natural- looking colors, from blond to dark brown and black, with less likelihood of raising concerns about toxicity and better prospects for more natural results. Other new technologies may stop graying of the hair or prevent its formation altogether, the scientists say. The research appears in Chemical Reviews (doi: 10.1021/ Here is a bit of history from the October 2010 AOCS World Confer- cr1000145). ence on Detergents in Montreux, Switzerland: Luigi Perani (left), founder and director of IIT SRL (Busto Arsizio, Italy), and Burton Brooks, founder and chairman of The Chemithon Corp. (Seattle, Washing- ACI: New York proposal “unnecessary” ton, USA), talk over their contributions as founders of the modern sulfonation industry. Brooks developed the continuous sulfonation Plans by the US state of New York to implement a 35-year-old law on process (oleum type for linear alkylbenzene) in 1954 while pursuing cleaning product ingredient disclosure is “unnecessary, unworkable, his master’s degree at the University of Washington (Seattle, USA). and would further strain scarce taxpayer resources,” according to the Thereafter, he was largely responsible for the development of contin- American Cleaning Institute (ACI; Washington, DC, USA). ACI—which represents the US cleaning products industry—says uous air/SO3 sulfonation and annular falling film and other specialized reactor technologies. Chemithon alliance partner Luigi Perani that an existing industry initiative has led to ways to expand ingredient developed the first multi-tube-type sulfonation reactor and helped information available to consumers. pioneer the development of European sulfonation. Requirements laid out by the State Department of Environmen- tal Conservation (DEC) would duplicate and in some cases contradict federal labeling requirements for household and industrial and insti- deepwater plumes of suspended oil and gas at depths of up to three- tutional cleaning products, according to ACI. The Institute questions quarters of a mile (1.2 km) and did not mix with the surface applica- why the State wants to invest scarce taxpayer dollars in implementing tions of dispersant. They also detected the dispersant ingredient at a program that industry is already putting into place. distances of nearly 200 miles (320 km) from the well two months ACI and other industry representatives met with DEC staff in after deepwater dispersant applications ceased, indicating it was not February 2011 to share details about the industry’s efforts to provide rapidly biodegraded. ingredient information to consumers through the voluntary Consumer Their data are not sufficient to resolve whether the dispersant was Product Ingredient Communication Initiative and other industry pro- effective in dispersing the oil coming out of the wellhead. However, grams. ACI emphasized that these voluntary programs are addressing the scientists argue that the persistence of the dispersant over long dis- the intent of the 1976 law, and that the current proposal from DEC is tances and time periods justifies further study of the effects of chemi- unworkable and would not provide consumers with useful information. cal dispersant and oil mixture exposure on marine life. “ACI believes that the industry’s Consumer Product Ingredient Communication Initiative correlates highly with the DEC program intent and effectively fulfills the criteria noted. Equally important is Hair dyeing poised for transformation the fact that the voluntary nature of the initiative allows the program Technological progress may be fast-paced in many fields, but one to evolve and improve significantly in response to consumer needs. mundane area has been left in the doldrums for the last 150 years: the “The initiative provides for more disclosure than required under basic technology for permanently coloring hair. That is the conclu- any law for any industry. We have seen very strong participation in sion of a review of almost 500 articles and patents on the chemistry the initiative, with 99% of the cleaning products represented by ACI inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 219

in compliance, at no burden to the State of New York,” the trade association said in a statement. Clorox discloses ingredients Th e Clorox Co. (Oakland, California, USA) announced in February 2011 that it is now disclosing the following additional information about its products through its Ingredients Inside program: n Th e specifi c identity of preservatives and dyes in all US and Canadian cleaning, disinfecting, and laundry products. Th is information expands on the listing of active ingredients, which have been provided to consumers over the last two years. n Th e palett e of fragrance ingredients—listed in numerical and alphabetical order—used in all US and Canadian cleaning, disinfecting, and laundry products. Clorox is also including a link to a PDF fi le that includes each fragrance ingredient’s CAS registry number, the unique numerical identifi er assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to every chemical available in open scientifi c literature, as well as the fragrance chemical names, provided by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Th e Ingredients Inside program is available at: htt p://www.Clorox- CSR.com/ingredients-inside/. Additionally, Clorox said it has begun the continuing process of adding a notice on all product labels that states: “A list of this product’s ingredients is available at www.CloroxCSR.com.” “We applaud Clorox’s continued eff orts to become even more transparent with respect to the ingredients in their products,” said Carl Pope, chairman of the environmental organization, Sierra Club. “Th is is another example of the company responding to the immedi- ate needs and interests of consumers.” EDIBLE OIL P&G unveils compact powders FILTRATION The first of Procter & Gamble’s (P&G) new compacted powder laundry detergents were available in the United States at the end of February 2011. “The new detergents are compacted by one-third, while off ering the same number of loads in a smaller box,” according Filtration is a key process step in the edible and vege- to the Cincinnati (Ohio) Enquirer newspaper. table oil industry. The presence of gums, slimes, and gels Company offi cials told the newspaper that the fi rst brands avail- requires experience in filtration. Knowledge in combination able in the new format were Tide and Gain and that P&G also will with creativity is the key to success in solving filtration introduce compacted powder formulas for Cheer, Dreft , and Ivory problems. We are offering complete design, testing, com- Snow. According to the company, use of the compacted detergents missioning and service together with full support. Sys- could help save up to 22 million pounds (almost 10 million kg) of total tems: Pressure leaf filter with dry cake discharge. Our most packaging in the US and Canada each year. “In addition, because the successful type for crude oil, bleached oil, winterised oil, new products are smaller and lighter, fewer truckloads will be needed Ni-Cat filtration and bio diesel, available in vertical as well to ship deliveries, cutt ing costs and pollution,” theEnquirer noted. as horizontal versions. Cricketfilter® and pulse tube filters for “This launch represents P&G’s commitment to innovate and polishing filtration or hydrogenation.Consumables: Housings improve consumers’ lives, while also demonstrating our commitment for bag and cartridge filters, disposable bags, and cartridges. to sustainable innovation,” Kevin Crociata, P&G marketing direc- Services: Spare parts, filter elements, laboratory ser- tor for North America fabric care, said in a news release. “Th ese new vices, and pilot filters. compacted detergents give consumers the same number of loads as [email protected] our noncompacted powder detergent in a more convenient product www.mahle-industrialfiltration.com that is easier to handle and store.” Th e new formulas were developed at P&G’s Ivorydale (Cincin- nati area) research center and at a research center in Europe, the newspaper said. n All the news None of the slobber

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 For more information contact the inform news department at [email protected]. AOCS | 2710 S. Boulder, Urbana, IL 61802-6996 USA | Phone: +1 217-359-2344 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 221 People News/   Inside AOCS  Research Service (USDA-ARS), Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania; Richard H. Barton, owner and  president, N. Hunt Moore and Associates, Inc., Memphis and Collierville, Tennessee, USA; David R. Duncan, president, DRD  Consulting, Surrey, England; Mila P. Hojilla- Evangelista, research chemist, plant polymer research unit, National Center for Agricul-  tural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Dumelin Myers Peoria, Illinois, USA; Alejandro G. Maran- goni, professor and Canada Research Chair, food and soft materials science, University of Dumelin, Myers Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Robert Moreau, research chemist at elected to lead AOCS USDA-ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, Pennsylva- Erich E. Dumelin, retired vice president, nia, USA, continues as Publications Steering supply chain strategy and technology foods, Committee chairperson; and Len Sidisky, Unilever, Zurich, Switzerland, was elected manager, Gas Separations Business Unit, AOCS president for 2011–2012. Deland Supelco (Division of Sigma-Aldrich), Belle- J. Myers, professor and director of School fonte, Pennsylvania, USA, continues as Tech- of Food Systems, Great Plains Institute of nical Steering Committee chairperson.   Food Safety at North Dakota State Univer- Ballots were emailed or mailed to eli - sity, Fargo, North Dakota, USA, was elected gible members in December 2010. Ballots   vice president. Under AOCS by-laws, the received prior to the deadline were counted vice president is also president-elect and runs at AOCS Headquarters on February 16, 2011.  unopposed for president the following year. AOCS member George Willhite was on hand Timothy J. Kemper, president and chief to oversee the counting and verify the results.   executive officer, Desmet Ballestra North   America, Inc., Marietta, Georgia, USA, was   elected to a two-year term as treasurer. IFFO appoints Mallison   The new officers will be installed May Andrew Mallison 3, 2011, during the 102nd AOCS Annual has been appointed Meeting & Expo in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. to succeed Jonathan Elected as AOCS Governing Board Shepherd as director members-at-large were: Douglas M. Bibus, general of the Inter- community faculty, Center for Spirituality national Fishmeal and and Healing, University of Minnesota, presi-  Fish Oil Organisation dent, Lipid Technologies, LLC, and director, (IFFO), headquar-  Holman Center for Lipid Research, Austin, tered in St. Albans,  Minnesota, USA; Michael A. Snow, indus- UK. Mallison joins  trial director, Bunge North America, St. Louis, Mallison   IFFO from the Marine Missouri, USA; Manfred Trautmann, vice  Stewardship Council (MSC) where he has president and head of Detergents & Interme-  been Director of Standards & Licensing since diates Business Unit, Clariant International, 2009. Muttenz, Switzerland; and Neil R. Widlak, Before that he spent 13 years with food director, Product Services and Development, retailer Marks & Spencer plc (M&S) as tech- ADM Cocoa, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. nical manager with responsibility for pro-  Continuing in their current terms are curement and sustainability strategy for all Sevim Z. Erhan, center director, Eastern seafood sourced globally. Regional Research Center (ERRC), US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural continued on next page 

   In Memoriam 222 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) Mallison will join IFFO on May 9 this GeOrGe U. LIePA year and will direct the global trade organi - AOCS Fellow and Award of Merit recipient George Uldis Liepa of zation jointly with Shepherd until the latter Saline, Michigan, USA, passed away on January 26, 2011. He was 64 retires on December 31, 2011, after seven years years old. Liepa, whose parents were natives of Latvia, was born in the post. The IFFO is the international non- in 1946 in Oldenburg, Germany. He and his family immigrated to profit organization that represents fishmeal and the United States in 1949. fish oil producers and related trades through- Liepa is survived by his wife, Candice, and his daughters, out the world. Arianne and Marisa. Liepa earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Liepa Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA, and his doctorate Butler becomes Solix CeO from Iowa State University, Ames. He was professor of nutrition at Eastern Michi- In late January Joel Butler assumed the posi- gan University and former department head. He served on the National Guard tion of chief executive officer (CEO) of Solix Association Medical Task Force, and was an accomplished researcher, educator, Biofuels, located in Fort Collins, Colorado, administrator, and speaker. He retired from the US Army Reserves as Lieutenant USA. He had formerly been chief technology Colonel in 1993, after 22 years of service. officer for the company. His appointment was Liepa’s affiliation with AOCS was a long and active one, spanning more than based in part on his considerable experience in 30 years. He served on the AOCS Governing Board for 14 years in various capaci- manufacturing and product commercialization. ties. His intelligence, sincerity, and commitment to doing the right thing were In a company statement, Butler said, “I always held in high regard by the AOCS membership. He served as member at look forward to driving the launch of our pro- prietary algae production systems.” He added, large (1992–1993), secretary of the Society (1998), and division council represen- “I believe that Solix’s AGS technology provides tative (2000–2006). the best opportunity to enable the industry to He served the Society in other ways as well. He chaired the Protein and Co- deliver a range of products derived from algae Products Section, which then became the Protein and Co-Products Division. He in the coming years.” also served as an associate editor for the Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ According to the company statement Society, as a reviewer for Lipids, and as a book reviewer. (www.solixbiofuels.com/content/news/but- Liepa was honored for his service to the Society in 2008 when he was named ler-new-ceo), Solix achieved peak growth rates a Fellow, a designation which recognizes those whose achievements in science of over 3,000 gallons of algae per acre (28,000 entitle them to exceptionally important recognition or those who have rendered liters per hectare) per year, thereby crossing unusually important serve to the Society or to the profession. Liepa qualified on the threshold that has been deemed as com- both counts. mercially viable. He was honored again with the Award of Merit in 2009, recognizing produc- Doug Henston, previously Solix’s CEO, tive service to AOCS including leadership in committee activities; service that has and David Maytubby, chief financial officer, advanced the Society’s prestige, standing, and interests; and service not otherwise have resigned from Solix to pursue other specifically recognized. Again, George qualified on all counts. opportunities. In fact, in the words of his colleagues: “Dr. Liepa has had a profound impact on the AOCS throughout his professional career.” Dr. Pam White, Iowa State University, AOCS Past President ACI recognizes “His involvement raised the caliber of deliberations.” Dr. Michael Haas, US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research AkzoNobel’s Sherman Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, AOCS Past President The American Cleaning Institute (ACI; for- “When I think of George Liepa in relationship to AOCS, I think of unbridled merly, the Soap and Detergent Association) enthusiasm and a positive attitude.” Dr. Margaret C. Craig-Schmidt, Auburn Uni- presented its Elva Walker Spillane Distin - versity, Auburn, Alabama guished Service Award to Frank Sherman, “Certainly for the duration of his active participation, the depth of his commit- chairman of AkzoNobel Inc. and member of ment to AOCS programs, and his ability to work with staff, membership groups, the ACI Board of Directors. The presenta - and other governing board members on a wide variety of topics over a long period tion was made during the 2011 ACI Annual of time, I cannot think of any other members that are not past presidents who are Meeting & Industry Convention held in as deserving of (the Award of Merit) as is George Liepa.” Dr. Howard R. Knapp, Bill- Orlando, Florida, USA, in January, 2011. The ings, Montana, AOCS Past President award honors an individual for extensive or exceptional service to ACI who has promoted Liepa’s daughters accompanied him to the AOCS Annual Meeting in 2009, the growth and interests of the association and where he received the Award of Merit. After knowing George for so many years, the industries it represents; and who exercised those of us who worked with him on the Board felt that we knew Candy and the outstanding leadership within ACI. girls as well. He always spoke proudly of them to all who knew him. Based in Chicago, Sherman currently Thank you, George. You gave us so much. We will miss your positive attitude serves as president and general manager and your never-ending stream of really good ideas! of AkzoNobel’s Global Surface Chemistry Jean Wills Hinton AOCS Executive Vice President Champaign, Illinois ([email protected]) inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 223 In Memoriam Business Unit, as well as chairman of AkzoNo- bel Inc., overseeing the shared service organiza- rIChArD D. O’BrIeN tion for all AkzoNobel business units located Richard D. O’Brien passed away on December 2, 2010, at the age of 76. He had been in North America. He has been with AkzoNo- an AOCS member since 1973. bel since 1987 when Akzo acquired Stauffer He was born in Bloomington, Illinois, and attended the University of Texas at Chemical’s specialty chemical business. Arlington (USA) for two years, before completing his bachelor of science degree in baking science and management at Florida State University (Tallahassee, USA) in 1957. He was also an Army veteran. POS names O’Brien worked for Anderson Clayton Foods (which was subsequently pur- chased by Kraft Inc.) for many years in the areas of product development and president/CeO quality control, and he later worked as a consultant to the fats and oils industry As of March 1, 2011, Dale Kelly became presi- O’Brien’s works on fats and oils processing and safety are cited interna- dent and chief executive officer (CEO) of POS tionally. With Walter Farr and Peter Wan, he was editor of the AOCS Press book Bio-Sciences, Saskatoon, Canada. He came to Introduction to Fats and Oils Technology, to which he contributed six chapters. the position from the Saskatchewan Research He also wrote the text Fats and Oils: Formulating and Processing for Applications. Council, where he was vice president of agri- Originally published in 2000, the third edition of this book appeared in 2008. culture, biotechnology, and food. He contributed chapters to Food Plant Sanitation (Y.H. Hui, ed., Marcel Dekker, POS Bio-Sciences is a confidential con- 2003) and to Bailey’s Industrial Oil & Fat Products, 6th edition (Vol. 2, Cottonseed tract research, toll processing, and analytical Oil; Vol. 3, Shortening: Types and Formulation; Wiley Interscience, 2005). services organization that specializes in extrac- O’Brien is survived by his wife of 51 years, Earlene, and his sister Nancy. tion, fractionation, purification, and modification of bio-based materials. n AOCS Corporate Member profile This profile has been provided by the following Bronze Level AOCS Corporate Member: Peerless Holdings Pty Ltd. 21 Evans Street, Braybrook Victoria 3019 Australia Web: www.peerlessfoods.com.au Phone: +61 (03) 9214-7777 Fax: +61 (03) 9318-2396

Peerless Foods is Australia’s largest privately owned manufacturer and marketer of edible oils and fats. The company provides a range of oil-based products for the industrial, food service, bakery, retail, and export markets. These include high-performance deep frying oils such as Frytol and Formula 40, plus Sunbeam vegetable short- For international markets, Peerless Foods manufactures a enings for frying and cooking purposes. range of specialized fats. These include butter oil substitutes, For all-around culinary cooking purposes, the range of Pura performance margarines, and Australian buttery spreads and premium oils including canola, Tuscan, and olive blends can be butter replacers for the bakery, confectionary, ice cream, and supplied. These oils are all perfect for both shallow coffee-roasting markets. frying and cold purposes such as dressings For more information, please and mayonnaise. contact Peerless Foods at +61 (03) The EOI brand of bakery fats 9214-7777 or visit www.peerless- includes cake and pastry marga- foods.com.au. rines, shortenings, and dry mixes for the bakery industry. These products As a benefit of corporate mem- also come in a VTF (virtually trans-free) bership, companies are entitled to range for bakeries to cater to the health- provide a 250-word profile for inclu- conscious consumer. sion on a space-available basis in Peerless Foods also supplies a range inform magazine. For more informa- of margarine spreads. These include 99% tion, contact Nicole Philyaw at nicolep@ trans-free products that are all natural and aocs.org. are halal and kosher approved. 224 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) Minutes of the 2010 AOCS Annual Business Meeting The 101st AOCS Annual Business Meeting was called to order by AOCS Foundation Chairperson Mike Boyer took the podium to announce the Foundation’s new fundraising initiative, the Influencing AOCS President, Ian Purtle at 7:20 a.m., Tuesday, May 18, 2010, Innovation Campaign. The purpose of the campaign is to provide a at the Phoenix Convention Center in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. steady source of funding for research on and development of new prod- President Purtle welcomed the participants and presented a short ucts and services that will continue to build the AOCS global network. video highlighting AOCS. For the first time, Purtle explained, the Purtle passed the AOCS gavel to incoming President Keith Grime, meeting was streaming on a live webcast. Purtle thanked the break- and Purtle was presented with the Past President’s key. fast sponsor, Oil-Dri, and the Annual Meeting Committee chaired by AOCS Award winners were recognized. Doug Bibus. Following the presentation of Awards, Keith Grime addressed the Purtle gave his retiring president’s address, noting that AOCS has participants. Grime’s remarks included an emphasis on pursuing the made substantial progress in strengthening the financial status of the vision for the future of AOCS. Grime said, “The core competency of organization while improving on the quality, timeliness, and speed of AOCS, our business if you will, is the transfer of knowledge. Our vision access to the services. AOCS journals, books, meetings, and Methods therefore is logical…to offer the best global connection network avail- continue to provide highly respected scientific information to meet the able for our members within our areas of expertise, namely the science needs of our constituents. Purtle reported AOCS had been working and technology of oils, fats, surfactants, and detergents.” Grime said the more closely with our geographical Sections in an effort to increase rel- focus during his presidency will be on maximizing AOCS’ capability evancy to our global audience. Purtle stressed the importance of prepar- as a connection forum that can bring together experts for information ing our student members, as they will be the next generation of AOCS. building, problem solving, and networking. President Purtle called AOCS Secretary Steve Hill to the podium With no further business, President Grime adjourned the meeting to present the minutes from the 2009 business meeting—unless at 8:00 a.m. Annual Meeting Chairperson Doug Bibus took the podium someone were to make a motion to approve the minutes as published to introduce the keynote speaker, Richard Theiler, senior vice president n in the August 2009 issue of inform. The motion to approve the minutes of The Dial Corporation. as published was made, seconded, and approved by a voice vote. Bring YOUR Lipid Analysis problems to Avanti Raw Material Characterization & Identity Testing Bioanalytical Lipid Analysis, Lipidomics & Stability Lecithin Analysis, Soy PS Analysis, Gel Cap Analysis cGLP & 21CFR, part 11 Compliant Analysis Available

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AvAnti Knows Lipids inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 225 Publications

it takes to conduct the test from beginning to end, assuming all the equipment and standards outlined in the method had been used. Book review The introduction emphasizes the need to have the appropriate salient specifications. This is critical to a supplier–formulator relationship so that a consistent product is delivered. As stated in the text, care Analytical Methods (eBook) must be taken to choose the most appropriate specifications because Anthony J. O’Lenick Jr. each analysis adds to the product overhead. Allured Books, 2010 Although the eBook delivered exactly what was implied—a black- ISBN: 978-1-932633-80-1, $59 and-white text in an electronic format—it did not fulfill my expectations of what an eBook could be. As I type this review on my iPad Charles Hammond while sitting on a cramped regional jet, I ponder what my expectations were. It would have been much better to have included embedded In Analytical Methods, Anthony images of all the glassware, diagrams, and/or pictures of the laboratory set-ups; links to Wikipedia for background information on the chemi- O’Lenick has successfully compiled cals; links to official references online; and even video illustrating color 20 analytical methods for analyzing changes for the titrations. These are common inclusions in modern surfactants into a cookbook-style PowerPoint presentations or smart phone applications. format. This eBook is appropriate Charles Hammond is a research associate with Sasol North America for those new to the surfactant and Inc. in Westlake, Louisiana, and has been an AOCS member since 1991. He can be reached at [email protected]. formulation business and for those

unfamiliar with the details of specifi- AOCS members can receive 15% off on any of the Allured cations. More importantly, the book books at www.Alluredbooks.com. Simply enter coupon code is a great first reference for someone aocs 15 (not case sensitive) and the discount will be applied purchasing surfactants. In addition, at check-out. Questions? Contact [email protected]. Analytical Methods illustrates several real-life examples for why appropriate specifications are needed for surfactants. Looking for Leaders The cookbook style also allows for the book to be used in the laboratory as a method guide with step-by-step instructions for the user. AOCS’ strategic vision is to build an interactive global Although the methods are not as detailed as the official peer-reviewed network of professionals and professional societies methods, in reality, these are what in-house methods look like. Just as a in the interest areas we serve for the purpose of cookbook assumes the user is familiar with cooking, this book assumes collaborating and building an information base that an analogous level of competency of the reader in the laboratory. will foster innovation in oils, fats, home care, health, Each method includes a succinct scope, summary, equipment energy, and related ﬁ elds. requirements, reagents, clear procedure, calculations, precision, and safety guidelines. Where appropriate, the methods reference “official” Are you interested in leading AOCS towards peer-reviewed methods. However, the greatest value comes from the those goals? Go to http://www.aocs.org/goto/ remarks that provide key insights into the methods from O’Lenick’s nominations2011 and complete the AOCS Prospective years of experience. It would have been helpful to include the time Board Member Questionnaire to be considered for future Governing Board elections.

inform is looking for additional book reviewers, including For more information, contact Amy Lydic by phone reviewers from outside North America. If you are interested at +1 217-693-4807, or by email at [email protected]. in reviewing one or more books, please send an email to the book review editor (William Artz) at [email protected] and indicate your subject area of interest. An email request for the review with information about the text is sent to each reviewer, before any book is mailed out for review. Reviews are generally expected three to four months later. After review submission, the books belong to the reviewer. Mail Address: AOCS, P.O. Box 17190, Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA Street Address: AOCS, 2710 S. Boulder Drive, Urbana, IL 61802-6996 USA AOCS provides a general review guideline, available to each Phone: +1 217-359-2344; Fax: +1 217-351-8091 reviewer upon request. Email: [email protected]; Web: www.aocs.org 226 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

fatty acid ester component can include triacylglycerols such as those Patents derived from plant oils (soybean oil, palm oil, etc.). The polyol ester component may be characterized based on one or more of its physical characteristics, such as SFI-40, SFI-10, typical crystal structure, iodine Published Patents value, melting curve, and/or other properties. Patent family members: AT491015 E, CA2525088 AA, EP1620533 A1, EP1620533 B1, US2004221503 AA, US2006272200 Pesticide compositions and methods for their use AA, US7192457 BB, US7833294 BB, WO04101720 A1 Coleman, R., Summerdale Inc., US7820594, October 26, 2010 This invention relates to agricultural compositions, particularly pesticidal compositions which find particular use as a fungicide or Manufacturing method of bio-diesel oil herbicide composition. The pesticidal composition can include one Lee, J.-S., et al., Korea Institute of Energy Research, US7834203, or more fatty acids and one or more organic acids different from the November 16, 2010 fatty acid. The organic acid can but need not exhibit any fungicidal The object of this invention is to provide a method of producing activity; however, when combined with a fatty acid, the organic acid a bio-diesel oil in a great amount in a relatively short time, in which functions as a potent synergist for the fatty acid as a fungicide. Addi- oil/fat and alcohol, used as reactants are homogeneously mixed with tionally, the pesticidal composition can include other components each other to form a single liquid phase mixture which effectively react such as emulsifiers, adjuvants, surfactants, and diluents. The pesti- with each other. The method includes transesterifying the oil/fat and cidal composition significantly reduces or prevents the fungal infec- alcohol in the presence of alkyl ester. Additionally, in the method alkyl tion of cash crops including vegetables, fruits, berries, seeds, grains, ester is added to a mixture of the oil/fat and alcohol by recycling alkyl and, at higher application rates, can also be used as a herbicide and/ ester as a product to the mixture. Furthermore, the method includes or harvest aid or desiccant for harvested crops such as potatoes. The (i) an acidic catalyst, and (ii) transesterifying the pre-esterified oil/ addition of an emulsifier further enhances the herbicidal properties fat with alcohol in the presence of alkyl ester. of the compositions. Patent family members: JP2006524267 T2, JP4418432 Patent family members: AU2003202265 AA, US2004266852 B2, KR100566106 B1, KR20040084515 A, US2006293532 AA, AA, US2007249699 AA, US7741244 BB, US7820594 BB, US7834203 BB, WO04085585 A1 WO03059063 A1 Products and methods for maintaining or Natural rubber latex natural rubber composition increasing ceramide levels in skin and tire using the same Koenig, D.W., and J.J. Van Compel, Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc., Kondou, H., Bridgestone Corp., US7825175, November 2, 2010 US7838025, November 23, 2010 The natural rubber latex of the present invention in which phos- Disclosed are methods and products such as wet wipes and absor- pholipid contained in the latex is decomposed, particularly the natural bents capable of providing a skin health benefit when utilized in the rubber latex in which it is decomposed by enzyme treatment with intended fashion. More specifically, the products described herein lipase and/or phospholipase at a temperature of 70°C or lower is comprise an agent, such as a botanical extract, which is capable of excellent in a processability, and in the natural rubber thereof and the increasing the activity of sphingomyelinase according to a Sphingo- rubber composition using the same, the physical properties such as myelinase Activity Screening Test and/or decreasing the activity of an anti-aging characteristic, a tensile strength and an abrasion resis- ceramidase according to a Ceramidase Activity Screening Test. By tance are sufficiently maintained. Accordingly, the natural rubber of increasing the activity of sphingomyelinase and/or decreasing the the present invention can be used as an excellent member for a tire. activity of ceramidase, the agents in combination with the products Patent family members: CN1324053 C, CN1692128 A, described herein are able to maintain or increase the level of ceram- DE60315504 D1, DE60315504 T2, EP1568713 A1, EP1568713 ides in the skin leading to improved skin health. A4, EP1568713 B1, ES2291712 T3, US2005234186 AA, US7825175 Patent family members: AU2003225245 AA, BRPI0316025 BB, WO04052935 A1 A, CN1694684 A, EP1585494 A1, EP1925279 A2, EP1925279 A3, KR20050084656 A, MXPA05004727 A1, US2004096485 AA, US2009053286 AA, US7585518 BB, US7838025 BB, WO04045574 Wax and wax-based products A1 Murphy, T.A., and M.D. Shepherd, Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc., US7833294, November 16, 2010 The present lipid-based wax compositions commonly include a Fat composition polyol fatty acid ester component (made up of partial and/or com- Masui, K., and H. Takahashi, Kao Corp., US7838060, November 23, pletely esterified polyols). Generally, at least a portion of the polyol 2010 fatty acid ester has been subjected to a transesterification reaction. The invention provides a fat and oil composition which contains Lipid-based wax compositions having a melting point of about 48°C diacylglycerol at a high concentration recognized to have an action of to about 75°C can be particularly advantageous for use in forming suppressing the accumulation of body fat, has a low content of trans- candles. The wax may contain other components such as mineral unsaturated fatty acid having a risk of exerting an adverse influence wax, plant wax, insect wax, and/or other components. The polyol on diseases in circulatory organs, and is used in bakery products. The inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 227 Publications

invention relates to a fat and oil composition containing 60 to 80 wt% for the concentration and/or purification of fat-soluble constituents diacylglycerol in fats and oils, wherein 90 wt% or more of fatty acids which are solids or viscous liquids at ambient temperature and ordi- constituting the diacylglycerol are unsaturated fatty acids, and, in tri- nary pressure. The concentrated and/or purified fat-soluble trace con- acylglycerol as the balance, tri-saturated triacylglycerol whose every stituent of a plant tissue prepared by the method may be combined constituent fatty acid is a saturated fatty acid accounts for 45 to 75 wt% with a food or drink to afford a food or drink product that contains the and tri-unsaturated triacylglycerol whose every constituent fatty acid concentrated and/or purified fat-soluble trace constituent. is an unsaturated fatty acid accounts for 10 to 50 wt%, and the content Patent family members: CN101040036 A, CN101040036 B, of trans-unsaturated fatty acids in total fatty acids constituting the fats US2007134384 AA, US7842321 BB, WO06043601 A1 and oils is 5 wt% or less. Patent family members: CN100553466 C, CN1946301 A, EP1759589 A1, EP1759589 A4, JP2005336471 A2, KR20070006832 Phospholipases and uses thereof A, US2008064750 AA, US7838060 BB, WO05104863 A1 Albermann, K., et al., DSM IP Assets B.V., US7838274, November 23, 2010 The invention relates to a newly identified polynucleotide Increasing rate of enzyme catalyzed equilibrium sequence comprising a gene that encodes a novel phospholipase iso- reactions lated from Aspergillus niger. The invention features the full-length nucleotide sequence of the novel gene, the cDNA sequence compris- Nemser, S., and M.E. Rezac, CMS Technologies Holdings Inc. and ing the full length coding sequence of the novel phospholipase as well Kansas State University Research Foundation, US7838267, Novem- as the amino acid sequence of the full-length functional protein and ber 23, 2010 functional equivalents thereof. The invention also relates to methods A method of increasing the rate of conversion of reactants to of using these enzymes in industrial processes and methods of diag- reaction product of enzyme-catalyzed, reversible, i.e., equilibrium, nosing fungal infections. Also included in the invention are cells trans- reactions having water or methanol as by-product includes remov- formed with a polynucleotide according to the invention and cells ing water and/or methanol from the reaction mass during reaction wherein a phospholipase according to the invention is genetically by permeation of the reaction mass through a selectively permeable modified to enhance or reduce its activity and/or level of expression. perfluorinated polymer or copolymer membrane. Patent family members: AR039839 AA, AT476500 E, Patent family members: CA2669279 AA, DE112007002581 AU2003232821 AA, BRPI0311205 A, CA2486529 AA, T5, US2008099400 AA, US7838267 BA, WO08055051 A2, CN100545261 C, CN101684470 A, CN1659277 A, DE60333629 WO08055051 A3, WO08055051 B1 D1, DK1506291 T3, EA008607 B1, EP1506291 A2, EP1506291 B1, ES2347550 T3, IN03414DN2004 A, JP2005525818 T2, Liquid dye formulations in non-petroleum based JP2009183302 A2, JP4511342 B2, PL373887 A1, PT1506291 T, SI1506291 T1, US2007207521 AA, US2010047877 AA, US7588925 solvent systems BB, US7838274 BB, WO03097825 A2, WO03097825 A3 Friswell, M.R., Sunbelt Corp., US7842102, November 30, 2010 A dye formulation is disclosed that includes a vegetable oil ester based solvents that have carbon chain lengths of C1 to C18, a solvent Method of making high solids, high protein dye that is a true liquid dye dissolved in the vegetable oil ester for imparting color to the dye formulation, and reduced sulfur levels dairy-based food in commercially available dye formulations as compared to those Fitzsimons, W., et al., Fonterra IP Ltd., US7842325, November 30, in hydrocarbon-based solvent systems. Sulfur content is typically 2010 reduced to 2–3% of dye formulations in hydrocarbon-based solvents. The present invention provides a process for producing a high The formulations are particularly useful for tagging petroleum sub- solids/high protein dairy product wherein a milk protein concentrate strates as well as writing instrument and ink jet formulations. is first mixed with molten fat to produce a mixture of protein particles Patent family members: CA2642739 AA, EP2065459 A2, coated in fat and the mixture hydrated, acidified, and heated under EP2065459 A3, US2009113640 AA, US7842102 BB low shear to produce a dairy product, preferably a cheese or cheese- like product having a protein to water ratio of between 0.6 and 3.0. Patent family members: AR037868 AA, AU2002356474 Method of concentrating minor ingredient AA, AU2002356474 BB, BRPI0215047 A, CA2470190 AA, contained in oily matter obtained from plant CN100464640 C, CN1602155 A, EG23432 A, EP1465497 A2, tissue EP1465497 A4, JP2005511103 T2, JP4308013 Mori, O., et al., Ajinomoto Co., Inc., US7842321, November 30, 2010 Cereal and fruit oil Fat-soluble trace constituents contained in plant tissues may be conveniently concentrated and/or purified by a method which Mattei, A., Carapelli Firenze S.p.A, US7842328, November 30, 2010 involves extracting the fat-soluble trace constituent from a plant, to The present invention relates to a vegetable oil comprising a obtain an extract containing the fat-soluble trace constituent; adding mixture of cereal oils and fruit oils. These are selected from: corn oil, a fatty acid ester to the extract, to obtain a mixture; and subjecting the rice oil, wheat germ oil, barley oil, oat oil, rye oil, sorghum oil and mixture to molecular distillation. The method is particularly effective millet oil and walnut oil, blackcurrant oil, almond oil, hazelnut oil, 228 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

apricot oil, peach oil, avocado oil, cherry oil, watermelon oil, melon US2005287200 AA, US7846472 BB, US7854943 BB, US7858115 oil, blueberry oil, and orange oil. BB, WO06012145 A1 Patent family members: AR048533 AA, AU2004320494 AA, BRPI0418822 A, CA2569362 AA, CA2569362 C, CN1960639 A, EP1755404 A1, JP2008502783 T2, MXPA06014035 A1, Synthetic lipid mixtures for the preparation of a NZ551703 A, TW200539817 A, US2007243306 AA, US7842328 reconstituted surfactant BB, WO05120242 A1, WO05120242 C1 Curstedt, T., et al., Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, US7842664, Novem- ber 30, 2010 Process for the preparation of lubricants The invention relates to reconstituted surfactants consisting of artificial phospholipids and peptides able to lower the air-liquid Darbha, S., et al., Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, surface tension, more particularly to reconstituted surfactants com- US7842653, November 30, 2010 prising special phospholipid mixtures and artificial peptides which The present invention provides an improved process for the prep- are analogs of the natural surfactant protein C for the treatment of aration of lubricants from vegetable oil or fat obtained from animal respiratory distress syndrome and other diseases relating to pulmo- source. The present invention involves a reaction of vegetable oil or nary surfactant dysfunctions. fat with an alcohol in the presence of a double metal cyanide catalyst, at a temperature in the range of 150–200°C for a period of 3–6 hr to Patent family members: AU2003233320 AA, AU2003233320 obtain the desired bio-lubricant. AB, AU2003233320 BB, CA2486152 AA, CN100347193 C, Patent family members: DE602006004109 D1, EP1733788 CN1653088 A, DE60311798 T2, DK1506234 T3, EA007928 B1, EP1506234 A1, EP1506234 B1, ES2282627 T3, HK1079221 A1, A1, EP1733788 B1, IN01561DE2005 A, US2007004599 AA, HR20041058 A2, IL165239 A0, IN03534DN2004 A, ITMI20021058 US7842653 BB A0, ITMI20021058 A1, JP2006504635 T2, MXPA04011369 A1, NZ536606 A, PL372751 A1, PT1506234 T, UA79609 Method for treating of oils and fats C2, US2005176625 AA, US2008242589 AA, US7511011 BB, Murakami, S., US7846221, December, 7, 2010 US7842664 BB, WO03097695 A1, ZA200409215 A A method for treatment of oils and fats having a high saturated fatty acid content whose treatment has previously been difficult, espe- environmentally benign anti-icing or deicing cially waste oils and fats and discharged oils and fats, characterized in that the oils and fats just prior to hydrolysis are subjected to ozone fluids employing triglyceride processing treatment and light irradiation treatment. by-products Patent family members: CN100516185 C, CN1898368 A, DE602004014983 D1, EP1715028 A1, EP1715028 A4, EP1715028 Sapienza, R., et al., MLI Associates LLC, US7854856, US7854856, B1, US2007148310 AA, US7846221 BB, WO05063951 A1 December 21, 2010 Deicing compositions comprised of glycerol-containing by-products of triglyceride processing processes are disclosed. Method of making a vegetable oil-based candle Patent family members: CA2539927 AA, CA2539927 C, Njus, D.J., and J. Nicolaisen, SoyBasics, LLC, US7846372, Decem- EA200702340 A1, EP1689823 A1, EP1689823 A4, EP1879977 ber 7, 2010 A1, EP1879977 A4, JP2008539308 T2, US2005062013 AA, The present invention provides a method of making a candle US2005247907 AA, US2008006794 AA, US6890451 BB, US7270768 from a vegetable oil-based candle wax that provides a smooth, solid BB, US7854856 BB, WO05030899 A1, WO06116254 A1 vegetable oil-based candle having fully integrated color and fragrance. Patent family members: US7846372 BA Foodstuff supplement and method of producing Phospholipid gel compositions for drug delivery same Palamountain, J.R., et al., Vita Power Ltd., US7854953, December and methods of treating conditions using same 21, 2010 Murthy, Y.V.S.N., IDEXX Laboratories, US7846472, December 7, A foodstuff supplement and method of producing the foodstuff 2010 supplement. The method includes forming a liquid phase and adding The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions in vitamins to the liquid phase at a temperature below that at which sig- the form of a gel for controlled or sustained release of a pharmaceuti- nificant depletion and/or degradation of the vitamins will occur. Oil cally active agent and to methods for treating or preventing a condi- is heated in a vessel and an emulsifier is added to the heated oil. The tion in an animal by administering to an animal in need thereof the resultant mixture is cooled and the liquid phase is added. pharmaceutical compositions. One particular type of condition for Patent family members: AT319328 E, AU2002341453 BB, which the pharmaceutical compositions are useful is a microbial infec- CA2466158 AA, CN100542428 C, CN1578629 A, DE60209767 tion, e.g., of the skin, ear, or eye, especially for veterinary applications. D1, DE60209767 T2, DK1446025 T3, EP1446025 A1, EP1446025 Patent family members: AU2005267395 AA, AU2005267395 BB, A4, EP1446025 B1, EP1671551 A1, ES2258159 T3, HK1071037 A1, CA2571063 AA, CN101014323 A, EP1781256 A1, IN07988DN2006 JP2005527187 T2, JP4338519 B2, NZ514900 A, US2005003046 AA, A, JP2008504271 T2, US2005287181 AA, US2005287198 AA, US7854953 BB, US7854953 BB, WO03032750 A1, WO03032750 C1, ZA200403809 A inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 229 Publications

Barrier film Patent family members: AU2005297323 AA, AU2005297323 BB, CA2583945 AA, CN101360783 A, EP1802698 Henderson-Rutgers, R., et al., Plantic Technologies Ltd., US7854994, A1, IL182416 A0, JP2008517108 T2, KR20070088638 A, NZ554682 December 21, 2010 A, US2009110942 AA, US7854994 BB, WO06042364 A1 A barrier composition which is injection moldable and able to be made into a transparent film or incorporated (by co-extrusion and/ or lamination) into multi-layer film products, the composition on dry basis: (i) from 45 to 90% by weight of a starch and/or a modified Patent information is compiled by Scott Bloomer, starch selected from starches modified by reaction with a hydroxyl a registered US patent agent with Archer Daniels Midland Co., Decatur, Illinois, USA. Contact him alkyl group, an acetate or a dicarboxylic acid anhydride or a grafting at [email protected]. polymer; (ii) from 4 to 12% by weight of a water-soluble polymer selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylacetate, and copolymers of ethylene and vinylalcohol which have a melting point compatible with the molten state of the starch components; (iii) from 5 to 45% by weight of a non-crystallizing mixture of sorbitol and at least one other plasticizer selected from glycerol, maltitol, xylitol, mannitol, glycerol Interested in contributing trioleate, epoxidized linseed or soybean oil, tributyl citrate, acetyl tri- ethyl citrate, glyceryl triacetate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diiso- to inform magazine? butyrate; polyethylene oxide or polyethylene glycol; (iv) from 0.3 to Do you have a story that would be perfect for the pages

2.5% by weight of a C12–C22 fatty acid or salt; (v) from 0.25 to 3% of of inform? A new development in your field that is sure to an emulsifier system having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value generate widespread interest? A profile of a colleague or between 2 and 10. The barrier film may be co-injection molded with institution? polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polylactic acid (PLA) for blow inform magazine is actively seeking the contribu- molding into beverage bottles, with polyethylene (PE) or polypropyl- tions of you and your colleagues. Contact inform's man- ene (PP) or biodegradable polymers for high gas-barrier containers aging editor at [email protected] for more information. or closures, or may be co-extruded with PE, PP, or PLA for thin-film packagingCrown Sam applications Soy Ad_7.25x4.75_Layout or for blow-molded 1 12/16/10 containers. 9:31 AM Page 1

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pomace olive oil (POO) enriched in minor concentrations of ferulic acid at 0.05 mmol/ extracts & components with functional activities. The mL and oleyl alcohol at 0.20 mmol. effects of the time (15–90 min) and the temperature (150, 160, and 170°C) of the Biofortification of soybean meal: thermal processing of alperujo on the yield, Distillates quality, and enrichment of minor compo - immunological properties of the 27 nents of crude POO were evaluated. The final kDa γ-zein treated solid had an increase in oil yield up to Krishnan H., et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 97%, with a reduction in solids up to 35.6– 59:1223–1228, 2011. Physicochemical properties of b and 47.6% by solubilization. Sterols increased Legumes, including soybeans (Glycine up to 33%, aliphatic alcohols increased up a′a subunits isolated from soybean max), are deficient in sulfur-containing to 92%, triterpenic alcohols increased up to amino acids, which are required for the b-conglycinin 31%, squalene increased up to 43%, tocoph- optimal growth of monogastric animals. This Mo, X., et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:1217– erols increased up to 57%, and oleanolic acid deficiency can be overcome by expressing 1222, 2011. increased up to 16% by the new treatment. heterologous proteins rich in sulfur-contain- Soy protein has shown great potential The increase maintains a high concentration ing amino acids in soybean seeds. A maize 27 for use in biobased adhesives. b-Conglycinin of functional substances probably even in the kDa γ-zein, a cysteine-rich protein, has been is a major component of soy protein; it refining POO. successfully expressed in several crops includ- accounts for 30% of the total storage protein ing soybean, barley, and alfalfa with the intent in soybean seeds. b-Conglycinin was isolated Lipase-catalyzed esterification of to biofortify these crops for animal feed. Pre- and purified, and its subunits’ (b, a′a) phys- vious work has shown that the maize 27 kDa icochemical and adhesive properties were ferulic acid with oleyl alcohol in zein can withstand digestion by pepsin and characterized. Crude b-conglycinin was iso- ionic liquid/isooctane binary elicit an immunogenic response in young lated from soy flour and then purified by the systems pigs. By use of sera from patients who tested ammonium sulfate precipitation method. The positive by ImmunoCAP assay for elevated a′a and b subunits were isolated from the Chen, B., et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:1256– immunoglobulin E (IgE) to maize proteins, purified b-conglycinin by anion exchange 1263, 2011. specific IgE binding to the 27 kDa γ-zein is chromatography. Yields of a′a subunits and Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of ferulic acid demonstrated. Bioinformatic analysis using b subunits from 140 g of soy flour were 1.86 oleyl alcohol ester in an ionic liquid (IL)/iso- the full-length and 80 amino acid sliding g (1.3%) and 0.95 g (0.67%), respectively. octane system was investigated. Considerable window FASTA searches identified signifi- The minimum solubility for a′a subunits, bioconversion and volumetric productiv- cant sequence homology of the 27 kDa γ-zein b subunits, and b-conglycinin occurred in ity were achieved in inexpensive 1-hexyl-3- with several known allergens. Immunoblot pH ranges of 4.1–5.4, 3.5–7.0, and 4.8–5.3, methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Hmim][PF ])- and 1-methyl-3-octylimid- analysis using human serum that cross-reacts respectively. Transmission electron micros- 6 with maize seed proteins also revealed spe- copy showed that the b subunits existed as azolium hexafluorophosphate ([Omim] [PF ])-mediated systems, and thus, the two cific IgE-binding to the 27 kDa γ-zein in spherical hydrophobic clusters, whereas a′a 6 soybean seed protein extracts containing the subunits existed as uniformly discrete parti- types of ILs were selected for further optimi- 27 kDa zein. This study demonstrates for the cles at pH 5.0. Differential scanning calorime- zation of variables. The results showed that, first time the allergenicity potential of the 27 try showed that b subunits had higher thermal before reaching a maximum, the increase of kDa γ-zein and the potential that this protein stability than a′a subunits. The pH had a ferulic acid concentration, temperature, or has to limit livestock performance when used lesser effect on adhesion strength of the b enzyme dosage led to an increase in volumet- in soybeans that serve as a biofortified feed subunits than on that of the a′a subunits. The ric productivity. Variations of the ratios of IL/ supplement. adhesives made from b subunits also showed isooctane and concentrations of oleyl alcohol greater water resistance than those from a′a also profoundly affected the volumetric productivity. To a higher extent, [Hmim][PF ]/ subunits and b-conglycinin. Soy protein rich 6 Comparative analysis of lipid isooctane and [Omim][PF ]/isooctane in b subunits is likely a good candidate for 6 composition and thermal, developing water-resistant adhesives. showed similar reaction behaviors. Under the optimized reaction conditions (60°C, 150 polymorphic, and crystallization mg of Novozym 435, and 100 mg of molec- behaviors of granular crystals New hydrothermal treatment of ular sieves), up to 48.50 mg/mL productiv- alperujo enhances the content of ity of oleyl feruleate could be achieved for formed in beef tallow and palm oil bioactive minor components in the [Hmim][PF6]/isooctane (0.5 mL/1.5 Meng, Z., et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:1432– mL) system with a substrate concentration 1441, 2011. crude pomace olive oil of ferulic acid of 0.08 mmol/mL and oleyl Six rectangular block all beef tallow Lama-Muñoz, A., et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. alcohol of 0.32 mmol; while an optimum vol- (BT)-based and all palm oil (PO)-based 59:1115–1123, 2011. umetric productivity of 26.92 mg/mL was model shortenings prepared on a laboratory

The application of a new process based obtained for the [Omim][PF6]/ isooctane scale, denoted BTMS and POMS, respec- on the hydrothermal treatment of olive oil (0.5 mL/1.5 mL) system under a similar tively, were stored under temperature fluctua- waste (alperujo) led to a final solid rich in reaction condition other than the substrate tion cycles of 5−20°C until granular crystals 232 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

were observed. The lipid composition and insect death by affecting cuticle membranes. AOCS Journals thermal, polymorphic, and isothermal crys- This is the first report of rhamnolipid as an tallization behaviors of the granular crystals insecticidal metabolite against M. persicae. and their surrounding materials separated Rhamnolipid shows potential for use as a from BTMS and POMS, respectively, were pesticide to control agricultural pests. evaluated. The changes of nanostructure including the aggregation of high-melting Production of conjugated linoleic triacylglycerols and polymorphic transformation from β′ form of double-chain-length acid (CLA) by Bifidobacterium breve structures to complicated crystal structures, LMC520 and its compatibility with in which the β and β′ form crystals of triple- CLA-producing rumen bacteria and double-chain-length structures simultaneously coexist, had occurred in granular Park, H.G., et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:984– crystals compared with surrounding materi- 988, 2011. als, whether in BTMS or in POMS. Conse- This study was performed to character- quently, a slower crystallization rate appeared ize the ability of an active Bifidobacterium in granular crystal parts of both model short- strain to produce conjugated linoleic acid enings noted above, which would yield larger (CLA) and to test its possible utilization as and fewer crystals indicated by the Avrami a probiotic compatible to the ruminal con- model analysis that would further aggregate dition. Bifidobacterium breve LMC520 can to form large granular crystals. actively convert linoleic acid (LA) to cis- 9,trans-11-CLA, which is a major isomer derived from microbial conversion. LMC520 Insecticidal activity of rhamnolipid showed reasonable tolerance under acidic Journal of the American Oil isolated from Pseudomonas sp. eP-3 conditions (pH 2.5 with 1% pepsin) and in Chemists’ Society (March) the presence of oxgall (0−3%). The growth against green peach aphid (Myzus ■■ Springer in the International Year of and CLA production of LMC520 were tested Chemistry 2011 persicae) under ruminal conditions and compared ■■ Kim, S.K., et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:934– with those of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens A38, Jatropha diterpenes: a review, 938, 2011. which is a major CLA producer in the rumen Devappa, R.K., H.P.S. Makkar, and Microorganisms capable of growth on as an intermediate in the biohydrogenation K. Becker oils are potential sources of biopesticides, (BH) process. LMC520 converted 15% of ■■ Triarachidonoyl glycerol purifica- as they produce complex molecules such as LA to CLA under ruminal conditions, which tion process, Venegas-Venegas, E., biosurfactants and lipopeptides. These mol- was 2 times higher activity than that of A38, M.A. Rincón-Cervera, and J.L. Guil- ecules have antimicrobial activity against and there was no decline in CLA level during Guerrero plant pathogens, but few data are available prolonged incubation of 48 h. The BH activ- ■■ Classification of almond cultivars on their insecticidal activity. The present ity of LMC520 was comparable to that of using oil volatile compound determi- study describes the insecticidal activity of a A38. When LMC520 was co-cultured with nation by HS-SPME–GC–MS, Beltrán rhamnolipid isolated from diesel oil-degrad- A38, even with slight decrease of CLA due Sanahuja, A., M. Ramos Santonja, N. ing Pseudomonas sp. EP-3 (EP-3). The to high BH activity by A38, but the level of Grané Teruel, M.L. Martín Carratalá, treatment of cell-free supernatants of EP-3 CLA was maintained by the high CLA-pro- and M.C. Garrigós Selva grown on glucose−mineral medium for 96 ducing activity of LMC520. This compara- ■■ Physico-chemical analysis, NMR h led to >80% mortality of aphids ( Myzus tive study shows the potential of this strain to spectroscopy and gas chromato- persicae) within 24 h. Bioassay-guided chro- be applied as a functional probiotic not only graphic studies of Jatropha curcas L. matography coupled with matrix-assisted for humans but also for ruminants as well to germplasm, Bhagat, R.B., S.P. Taware, laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight increase CLA production. A.M. Chavan, and D.K. Kulkarni mass spectrometry (MADLDI-TOF MS) ■■ 1 13 GC/EI-MS determination of the dia- and ( H, C) nuclear magnetic resonance Nutritional and biological stereomer distribution of phytanic (NMR) analyses was employed to isolate and properties of extra virgin olive oil acid in food samples, Schröder, M., identify the EP-3 insecticidal metabolites. and W. Vetter Dirhamnolipid, with molecular formulas of Frankel, E.N., J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:785– ■■ Sunflower protein concentrates and C32H58O13 and C34H62O13, was identified as a 792, 2011. main metabolite exhibiting insecticidal activ- The nutritional benefits generally rec- isolates prepared from oil cakes have ity against aphids. Dirhamnolipid showed a ognized for the consumption of extra virgin high water solubility and antioxidant dose-dependent mortality against aphids, olive oil (EVOO) are based on a large capacity, Salgado, P.R., S.E. Molina producing about 50% mortality at 40 μg/mL number of dietary trials of several interna- Ortiz, S. Petruccelli, and A.N. Mauri and 100% mortality at 100 μg/mL. Micros- tional populations and intervention studies. ■■ Characterization of total and indi- copy analyses of aphids treated with dirham- Unfortunately, many authors in this field vidual sterols in canola sprouts, nolipid revealed that dirhamnolipid caused used questionable analytical methods and Hamama, A.A., and H.L. Bhardwaj inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 233 Publications

■■ Influence of vegetable oils on commercial kits that were not validated scien- micellization of lutein in a simulated tifically to evaluate the complex bioactive constituents of EVOO and lipid oxidation and digestion model, Nidhi, B., and V. decomposition products. Many questionable Baskaran antiradical methods were commonly used to ■■ Distribution of triacylglycerols evaluate natural polyphenolic antioxidants, and fatty acids in soybean oil with including an indirect method to determine thermal oxidation and methylene low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. blue photosensitization, Park, Y.W., Extensive differences were observed in exper- M.K. Jeong, C. Park, and J. Lee imental design, diet control, populations of ■■ In vitro antioxidant properties of different ages and problems of compliance hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) intervention, and questionable biomarkers of protein hydrolysate fractions, Girgih, oxidative stress. Analyses in many nutritional A.T., C.C. Udenigwe, and R.E. Aluko studies were limited by the use of one-dimen- ■■ Evaluating esters derived from sional methods to evaluate multifunctional mustard oil (Sinapis alba) as poten- complex bioactive compounds and plasma tial diesel additives, Issariyakul, T., lipid profiles by the common applications A.K. Dalai, and P. Desai of commercial kits. Although EVOO con- ■■ Selectively functionalized glycerol/ tains polyphenolic compounds that exhibit diacid dendrimers via click chemis- significantin vitro antioxidant activity, much try of azido fatty acids, Zerkowski, more research is needed to understand the J.A., A. Nuñez, and D.K.Y. Solaiman and serine palmitoyltransferase absorption and in vivo activity. Many claims ■■ Cetane number prediction of biodie- activity, while decreasing cerami- of in vivo human beneficial effects by the con- sel from the composition of the fatty dase activity, Błachnio-Zabielska, sumption of EVOO may be overstated. No acid methyl esters, Tong, D., C. Hu, A., P. Zabielski, M. Baranowski, and distinctions were apparently made between K. Jiang, and Y. Li J. Gorski, in vivo studies based on general health effects in large populations of human subjects and ■■ Physical and chemical processes ■■ Dietary inclusion of tea catechins smaller scale well-controlled feeding trials to enhance oil recovery from con- changes fatty acid composition of using either pure or mixtures of known phe- densed corn distillers solubles, muscle in goats, Tan, C.Y., R.Z. Zhong, Z.L. Tan, X.F. Han, S.X. Tang, W.J. Xiao, nolic constituents of EVOO. More reliable Majoni, S., T. Wang, and L.A. Johnson protocols and testing methods are needed to ■■ Changes in lipid composition during Z.H. Sun, and M. Wang ■■ N-Acylated bacteriohopanehexol- better validate the complex nutritional prop- dry grind ethanol processing of corn, erties of EVOO. Moreau, R.A., K. Liu, J.K. Winkler- mannosamides from the thermo- Moser, and V. Singh philic bacterium Alicyclobacillus Sequence conservation of ■■ Application of enzymatic hydrolysis acidoterrestris, Řezanka, T., L. Siris- on sunflower lecithin using a pancre- tova, K. Melzoch, and K. Sigler apolipoprotein A-I affords novel ■■ The absolute configurations of atic PLA2, Cabezas, D.M., R. Madoery, insights into hDL structure– B.W.K. Diehl, and M.C. Tomás hydroxy fatty acids from the royal function ■■ Erratum to: Effect of grape seed jelly of honeybees (Apis mellifera), extracts on the physicochemical Kodai, T., T. Nakatani, and N. Noda Bashtovyy, D., et al., J. Lipid Res. 52:435–450, 2011. and sensory properties of corn ■■ A new mechanism for photo- and We performed alignment of apolipopro- chips during storage, Rababah, T.M., radiation-induced decomposition tein A-I (apoA-I) sequences from 31 species S. Yücel, K.I. Ereifej, M.N. Alhamad, of sphingolipids, Lisovskaya, A.G., O.I. Shadyro, and I.P. Edimecheva of animals. We found there is specific conser- M.A. Al-Mahasneh, W. Yang, M.H. vation of salt bridge-forming residues in the Al-u'datt, and K. Ismael ■■ In vitro intestinal bioaccessibility of alkylglycerols versus triacylglycerols first 30 residues of apoA-I and general conservation of a variety of residue types in the as vehicles of butyric acid, Martín, D., central domain, helix 2/3 to helix 7/8. In the Lipids (March) M.I. Morán-Valero, F.J. Señoráns, G. lipid-associating domain, helix 7 and helix ■■ Lipids editorial: Are you a good Reglero, and C.F. Torres 10 are the most and least conserved helixes, ■■ citizen of science?, Murphy, E.J. Selectively hydrogenated soybean respectively. Furthermore, eight residues ■■ Dietary monounsaturated fatty oil exerts strong anti-prostate cancer are completely conserved: P66, R83, P121, acids are protective against meta- activities, M.Y. Jung, N.J. Choi, C.H. E191, and P220, and three of seven Tyr resi- bolic syndrome and cardiovascu- Oh, H.K. Shin, and S.H. Yoon dues in human apoA-I, Y18, Y115, and Y192, lar disease risk factors, Gillingham, ■■ Improved methods for the fatty acid are conserved. Residue Y18 appears to be L.G., S. Harris-Janz, and P.J.H. Jones analysis of blood lipid classes, Ichi- important for assembly of high density lipo- ■■ Aerobic training in rats increases hara, K., K. Yoneda, A. Takahashi, N. protein (HDL). E191-Y192 represents the skeletal muscle sphingomyelinase Hoshino, and M. Matsuda only completely conserved pair of adjacent 234 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

residues in apoA-I; Y192 is a preferred target the furostanol saponins in all of the plant maintaining a constant difference between oil for site-specific oxidative modification within organs except the roots. The ratio of the ste- temperature and the boiling point of water at atheroma, and molecular dynamic simula- roidal glycoalkaloids to furostanol saponins the working pressure (ΔT = 60 and 80°C). tions suggest that the conserved pair E191- was higher in the plant organs exposed to This resulted in frying temperatures of 160 Y192 is in a solvent-exposed loop-helix-loop. light and decreased in proportion from the and 180°C, and 98 and 118°C, for atmo - Molecular dynamics testing of human apoA-I aboveground organs to the underground spheric and vacuum frying, respectively. Vac- showed that M112 and M148 interact with organs. Additionally, histological staining of uum-fried carrot and potato chips absorbed Y115, a microenvironment unique to human bulb scales revealed differential furostanol about 50% less oil than atmospheric-fried apoA-I. Finally, conservation of Arg residues accumulation in the basal plate, bulb scale chips, whereas vacuum-fried apple chips in the α11/3 helical wheel position 7 sup - epidermal cells, and vascular bundles, with reduced oil absorption by 25%. Total carot- ports several possibilities: interactions with little or no staining in the mesophyll of the enoids and ascorbic acid (AA) were greatly adjacent phospholipid molecules and/or oxi- bulb scale. An understanding of the distri- preserved during vacuum frying. Carrot chips dized lipids and/or binding of antioxidant bution of steroidal glycosides in the differ- vacuum fried at 98°C retained about 90% of enzymes through cation–π orbital inter - ent organs of L. longiflorum is the first step in total carotenoids, whereas potato and apple actions. We conclude that sequence align- developing insight into the role these com- slices vacuum fried at 98°C preserved around ment of apoA-I provides unique insights into pounds play in plant biology and chemi - 95% of their initial AA content. Interestingly, apoA-I structure–function relationship. cal ecology and aids in the development of results showed that the antioxidant capacity extraction and purification methodologies of chips may be related to both the presence Quantitative analysis of steroidal for food, health, and industrial applications. of natural antioxidants and brown pigments In the present study, (22R,25R)-spirosol-5- developed at elevated temperatures. glycosides in different organs of en-3β-yl O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d- easter lily (Lilium longiflorum glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranoside, Synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester Thunb.) by LC-MS/MS (22R,25R)-spirosol-5-en-3β-yl O- α- l- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[6-O-acetyl-β-d- from used vegetable cooking oil by Munafo, J., and Gianfagna, T., J. Agric. Food glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyran- solid reusable Mg Zn O catalyst Chem. 59:995-1004, 2011. 1-x 1+x 2 oside, (25R)-26-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl) Olutoye, M.A., and B.H. Hameed, Bioresour. The bulbs of the Easter lily (Lilium lon- furost-5-ene-3β,22α,26-triol 3-O-α-l- giflorum Thunb.) are regularly consumed Technol. 102:3819–3826, 2011. rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl- Fatty acid methyl ester was produced in Asia as both food and medicine, and the (1→4)-β-d-glucopyranoside, (25R)-26-O-(β- from used vegetable cooking oil using Mg1-x beautiful white flowers are appreciated world- d-glucopyranosyl)furost-5-ene-3β,22α, wide as an attractive ornamental. The Easter Zn1+xO2 solid catalyst and the performance 26-triol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)- monitored in terms of ester content obtained. lily is a rich source of steroidal glycosides, a α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-gluco- group of compounds that may be responsible Used vegetable cooking oil was employed to pyranoside, and (25R)-26-O-(β-d- glucopy- reduce operation cost of biodiesel. The sig- for some of the traditional medicinal uses of ranosyl)furost-5-ene-3β,22α,26-triol 3-O-α-l- lilies. Since the appearance of recent reports nificant operating parameters that affect the rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-xylopyranosyl- overall yield of the process were studied. The on the role of steroidal glycosides in animal (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranoside were quantified and human health, there is increasing interest highest ester content, 80%, was achieved with in the different organs of L. longiflorum for the catalyst during 4 h 15 min reaction at in the concentration of these natural products the first time. in plant-derived foods. A liquid chromatog- 188ºC with methanol to oil ratio of 9:1 and raphy-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ catalyst loading of 2.55 wt% oil. Also, trans- MS) method performed in multiple reaction Vacuum frying as a route to esterification of virgin oil gave higher yield monitoring mode was used for the quantita- produce novel snacks with desired with the heterogeneous catalyst and showed tive analysis of two steroidal glycoalkaloids quality attributes according to new high selectivity toward ester production. The and three furostanol saponins in the different used vegetable cooking oil did not require any organs of L. longiflorum. The highest concen- health trends rigorous pretreatment. Catalyst stability was trations of the total five steroidal glycosides Dueik, V., and P. Bouchon, J. Food Sci. examined and there was no leaching of the were 12.02 ± 0.36, 10.09 ± 0.23, and 9.36 ± 76:E188–E195, 2011. active components, and its performance was 0.27 mg/g dry weight in flower buds, lower Consumers look for products that as good at the fourth as at the first cycle. stems, and leaves, respectively. The highest contribute to their wellness and health, concentrations of the two steroidal glycoal- however, even health-conscious consum- Krill oil significantly decreases kaloids were 8.49 ± 0.3, 6.91 ± 0.22, and ers are not willing to sacrifice organolep - 2-arachidonoylglycerol plasma 5.83 ± 0.15 mg/g dry weight in flower buds, tic properties, and intense full-flavor snacks leaves, and bulbs, respectively. In contrast, the remain an important trend. The objective of levels in obese subjects highest concentrations of the three furostanol this study was to examine most important Banni, S., et al., Nutr. Metab. 8: 7, 2011 (doi: saponins were 4.87 ± 0.13, 4.37 ± 0.07, and quality parameters of vacuum (1.92 in Hg, 10.1186/1743-7075-8-7). 3.53 ± 0.06 mg/g dry weight in lower stems, or 0.065 bar) and atmospheric-fried carrot, We have previously shown that krill oil fleshy roots, and flower buds, respectively. potato, and apple slices to determine specific (KO), more efficiently than fish oil, was able The steroidal glycoalkaloids were detected advantages of vacuum technology. Slices were to downregulate the endocannabinoid system in higher concentrations as compared to fried using equivalent thermal driving forces, in different tissues of obese Zucker rats. We inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 235 Publications

therefore aimed at investigating whether an a remarkable improvement in cell growth, Gram+) of bacteria. However, these prop- intake of 2 grams/day (g/d) of either KO ethanol productivity, and yield, compared erties can only be exerted if the SLs can be or menhaden oil (MO), which provides with those under strict anaerobic condition. introduced to the bacterial cells in an accept- 309 mg/d of eicosapentaenoic acid/doco- In batch fermentation under microaerobic able manner. Propionibacterium acnes is the sahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA) 2:1 and 390 condition, K. cryocrescens S26 produced 27 common bacterial cause of acne. It is a Gram+ mg/d of EPA/DHA 1:1, respectively, or olive g/L of ethanol from crude glycerol with high facultative anaerobe that is susceptible to the oil (OO) for four weeks, is able to modify molar yield of 80% and productivity of 0.61 antimicrobial effects of SLs. In this study plasma endocannabinoids in overweight and g/L/h. we demonstrated that different biopolymer obese subjects. The results confirmed data in matrices could be used to produce SL com- the literature describing increased levels of Identification and characterization posite films that exert various antimicro - endocannabinoids in overweight and obese bial efficiencies against P. acnes. Increasing with respect to normo-weight subjects. KO, of the propanediol utilization SL concentrations in poly-3-hydroxybutyr- but not MO or OO, was able to significantly protein PduP of Lactobacillus reuteri ate (PHB) and PHB-co-10%-3-hydroxyhex- decrease 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), for 3-hydroxypropionic acid anoate (PHB/HHx) resulted in noticeably although only in obese subjects. In addition, production from glycerol improved (PHB/HHx was best) antimicro- the decrease of 2-AG was correlated to the bial activity based on the size of the zones plasma n-6/n-3 phospholipid long-chain Luo, L.H., et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. of inhibition using an overlay plating tech- polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) ratio. 89:697–703, 2011. nique on synthetic growth medium. However, These data show for the first time in humans Although the de novo biosynthetic mech- increasing concentrations of SLs in PHB and that relatively low doses of LCPUFA n-3 as anism of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) in PHB/HHx films also increased film opacity, KO can significantly decrease plasma 2-AG glycerol-fermenting microorganisms is still which diminishes the appeal for use espe - levels in obese subjects in relation to decrease unclear, the propanediol utilization protein cially in visible (facial) areas. Pectin and algi- of plasma phospholipid n-6/n-3 LCPUFA (PduP) of Lactobacillus species has been sug- nate improved the transparent character of SL ratio. This effect is not linked to changes of gested to be a key enzyme in this regard. To composite films while also acting as successful metabolic syndrome parameters but is most verify this hypothesis, a pduP gene from Lac- carriers of SLs to P. acnes. The lactone form of likely due to a decrease of 2-AG biosynthesis tobacillus reuteri was cloned and expressed, the SLs proved to exhibit the best antimicro- caused by the replacement of 2-AG ultimate and the encoded protein was characterized. bial action and in concert with either pectin precursor, arachidonic acid, with n-3 PUFAs, Recombinant L. reuteri PduP exhibited broad or alginate biopolymers provided a compar- as previously described in obese Zucker rats. substrate specificity including 3-hydroxypro- atively transparent, successful means of uti- pionaldehyde and utilized both NAD + and lizing SLs as a renewable, environmentally NADP+ as a cofactor. Among various alde- benign anti-acne solution. ethanol production from biodiesel- hyde substrates tested, the specific activity derived crude glycerol by newly was highest for propionaldehyde, at pH 7.8 Production of biodiesel from wet isolated Kluyvera cryocrescens and 37°C. The Km and Vmax values for propionaldehyde in the presence of NAD + were activated sludge Choi, W.J., et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1.18 mM and 0.35 U mg−1, respectively. When 89:1255–1264, 2011. L. reuteri pduP was overexpressed in Klebsi- Revellame, E., et al., J. Chem. Technol. Biotech- The rapidly expanding market for biodie- ella pneumoniae, 3-HP production remark- nol. 86:61–68, 2011. sel has increased the supply and reduced the ably increased as compared to the wild-type The production of biodiesel from acti- cost of glycerol, making it an attractive sus- strain (from 0.18 g L−1 to 0.72 g L−1) under vated sludge obtained from Tuscaloosa, tainable feedstock for the fuel and chemical shake-flask culture conditions, and the highest Alabama, USA, was optimized based on the industry. Glycerol-based biorefinery is the titer (1.38 g L−1 3-HP) was produced by the yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) microbial fermentation of crude glycerol to recombinant strain under batch fermenta- using an in situ transesterification process. produce fuels and chemicals. A major chal- tion conditions in a bioreactor. This is the An orthogonal central composite response lenge is to obtain microbes tolerant to inhibi- first report stating the enzymatic properties surface design was considered to investigate tors such as salts and organic solvents present of PduP protein and the probable role in bio- the main and interaction effects of tempera- in crude glycerol. Microbial screening was synthesis of 3-HP in glycerol fermentation. ture, methanol to sludge ratio, and catalyst attempted to isolate novel strain capable of concentration. The biodiesel yield can be growing on crude glycerol as a sole carbon satisfactorily described by the quadratic source. The newly isolated bacteria, identi- Biopolymer scaffolds for use in response surface model with R2 of 0.836 and fied as nonpathogenic Kluyvera cryocrescens delivering antimicrobial a statistically not significant lack of fit (p = S26, could convert biodiesel-derived crude sophorolipids to the acne-causing 0.254). Coded regression coefficients, main glycerol to ethanol with high yield and pro- effect plots, and surface plots indicated that ductivity. The supplementation of nutrients bacterium Propionibacterium acnes maximum biodiesel yield may be obtained at such as yeast extract resulted in distinguished Ashby, R.D., et al., New Biotechnol. 28:24–30, 75°C, 30 mL g-1 (methanol/sludge), and 10% enhancement in cell growth as well as ethanol 2011. volume (catalyst concentration). Numerical productivity under anaerobic condition. Sophorolipids (SLs) are known to optimization showed that at this reaction con- When glycerol fermentation is performed possess antimicrobial properties toward dition, a biodiesel yield of 3.78% (weight) can under microaerobic condition, there is also many species (particularly Gram-positive, or be obtained. Experimental verification gave 236 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

a biodiesel yield of 3.93 ± 0.15% (weight) Isocratic reversed-phase high perfor- methyl esters to be detected. Additionally, giving a model error of 7.35%. This indicates mance liquid chromatography (HPLC) the use of HPLC for the analysis of biodiesel high reliability of the model. The economic methods have been developed for the analy- methyl esters and the intermediate species analysis showed that the in situ transesterifi- sis of biodiesel methyl esters and intermedi- associated with transesterification reactions, cation of wet activated sludge (84.5% weight ate species associated with transesterification as opposed to the more commonly employed moisture) is less economical than the in situ reactions. While most HPLC methods for gas chromatography (GC) method, has the transesterification of dried sludge (5% weight biodiesel analysis employ gradient elution and advantage that samples can be directly ana- moisture). However, sensitivity analysis indi- ultraviolet (UV) detection, these methods lyzed without any sort of sample derivatiza- cated that the process can be made more employ isocratic elution with refractive index tion, as is required when GC is used. n economical by reduction of water to 50% detection (RID). For the separation of methyl (weight). At this level of moisture, a biodiesel esters, monoglycerides, and free fatty acids, break-even price of around $7.00 per gallon is a mobile phase of 85% acetonitrile + 15% attainable, which is still more expensive than deionized water is used. Diglycerides can be AOCS Lapel Pins petroleum-based diesel (~$2.95 per gallon). separated using 100% methanol, and triglyc- For the biodiesel from activated sludge to be erides can be quickly analyzed using a mixture Only $10 for members! economically competitive, a biodiesel yield of of 60% 2-propanol + 40% methanol. While Available at www.aocs.org/store at least 10% (weight) is necessary. previous HPLC methods for methyl ester or call +1-217-693-4803 analysis have been shown to successfully sepa- Simple and efficient method for the rate components found in biodiesel mixtures, the use of UV detection is inadequate for the analysis of transesterification detection of species with saturated carbon reaction mixtures for biodiesel chains. Many of the common feedstocks used production by reversed-phase high for biodiesel synthesis contain a significant performance liquid chromatography percentage of species with saturated carbon chains, for example, soybean, sunflower, palm, Csernica, S.N., and J.T. Hsu, Energy & Fuels and palm kernel oils. The use of RID, however, 24:6131–6141, 2010. allows for both saturated and unsaturated

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Methods • Analyses Extreme Chromatography: Faster, Hotter, Smaller Find us in the Expo Hall. William Craig Byrdwell and Michal Holčapek, Editors • FreeFFree coffffe ee*e* • Free T-shirt when you spend $300* Microscopic Analysis of Agricultural Products, 4th Edition • Inventory sale on older titles* James Makowski, Neil Vary, Marjorie McCutcheon, and • Plinko! Pascal Veys, Editors *While supplies last

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FIG. 1. The A.I.S.E. Charter covers the whole life cycle of products. The A.I.S.E. Charter for Sustainable Cleaning How Europe is reducing the footprint of the detergents and maintenance products Industry

Valérie Séjourné, Sandra Dworak, and Sascha Nissen actions. It was launched in 2005 in all European Union (EU) countries plus Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland, covering all product cat- A.I.S.e., the International Association for Soaps, Detergents egories of the industry, in both the household and the I&I sectors. It and Maintenance Products, is the official representative body is open to all companies, whether they are members of A.I.S.E. or not, and whether they manufacture, distribute, or market soaps, detergents, of this industry in europe. Its membership totals 37 national maintenance products, or cleaning systems. associations in 42 countries, covering about 900 companies The aim is to encourage the whole of industry to undertake continual improvement in terms of sustainability and also to encourage ranging from small- and medium-sized enterprises to large consumers to adopt more sustainable ways of doing their washing, multinationals active both in the consumer goods market cleaning, and household maintenance. From the outset, the Charter and the industrial & institutional (I&I) domains. During the has been regarded as a living scheme, evolving over time through regular upgrades. This ensures that it continues to offer the most last 13 years, A.I.S.e. has conducted proactive work on sus- advanced sustainability tainable production and consumption for the whole of the assurance scheme for promoting best practice within industry sector. A.I.S.e.’s mission is detailed in its Agenda for the industry, using life Sustainable Cleaning (www.aise.eu/agenda) and follows the cycle analysis (LCA) and science as a basis. Industry Vision, which is based on the three pillars of sustain- The Charter is an able development—economically successful, environmen- LCA-based framework. tally sound, and socially responsible—as identified at the It promotes and facili - tates a common industry UN World Summit in 2005. approach on sustainability practice and reporting. Driving sustainability It covers a wide variety of activities and initiatives, through voluntary action ranging from the human The A.I.S.E. Charter for Sustainable Cleaning translates the concept and environmental safety of sustainable development outlined in the Agenda into reality and of chemicals and products FIG. 2. Best use tips on packs. 240 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

CO2 emitted per ton of production: –8.9%; In line with the EU political agenda Packaging per ton of production: –1.5%; Sustainable development is now enshrined in the European Waste per ton of production: –3.9%. Union (EU) Treaty as an ”overarching” principle of all EU poli- cies and is also fundamental to the EU’s proposed EU 2020 How does it work? strategy, which focuses on three interlinked priorities: growth The Charter consists of three main components, all of which are from knowledge, creating an inclusive society, and building a subject to independent verification. greener economy that is competitive at international level. In CSPs. Based on ISO 14001 and other comparable standards, that spirit, the A.I.S.E. Charter is also in line with the European a number of CSPs have been defined for companies to implement Commission’s Action Plan on Sustainable Consumption and in their management systems in order to become members of the Production/Sustainable Industrial Policy (SCP/SIP) published Charter (see Table 1). These CSPs must apply to a minimum of 75% in July 2008. The Action Plan clearly recognizes the value of of the company’s production, independently verified on the occasion the role played by self-regulatory voluntary industry initiatives. of the Charter Entrance Check. The scheme also establishes synergies between the CSPs and certain other manufacturing standards such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001/EMAS, and BS OHSAS 18001. KPIs. The Charter also defines a set KPIs (Table 2), which are to eco-efficiency, occupational health and safety, resource use, and specifically linked to the CSPs. Companies that sign up to the Charter consumer information. are required to report annually to A.I.S.E. on the KPIs. A.I.S.E. collects and aggregates the results and publishes them in the annual A.I.S.E. Success to date Activity & Sustainability Report, providing measurable evidence of As of early 2011, more than 130 companies have joined the A.I.S.E. the progress for the whole industry sector at European level. The KPI Charter, representing more than 80% of the total production output reporting is also externally verified through a process of random audits for Europe. managed by an independent body for A.I.S.E. The process of implementing the charter sustainability procedures Product dimension–Advanced Sustainability Profiles (ASPs). ASP (CSPs) and measuring and reporting the key performance indicators status represents a high standard of sustainability in the product char- (KPIs) helps to drive continual improvement in sustainable produc- acteristics which companies can adopt. Defined per product cate - tion and consumption. Improvements occur at all stages of the product gory, the ASP criteria/thresholds are based on the main life cycle life cycle, from product specification, through manufacturing, to end impacts. Products that meet the requirements of these ASPs may use use and disposal. For example, safety improvements can come from a differentiated Charter logo on pack, which signifies not only that selection of properly risk-assessed raw materials, adoption of best prac- the manufacturer is committed to certain sustainability processes at tice in manufacturing systems, and increased use of on-pack guidance the manufacturing level but also that the product itself meets certain for consumers. Environmental improvements can include reducing advanced sustainability criteria. use of resources, creating less waste, and emitting less carbon dioxide. In the Charter’s first four full years of operation (2006–2009), Independent verification verified returns from companies via the annual KPI reporting demon- Independent verification guarantees that all applicant companies are strate how Charter members’ efforts continue to yield positive results individually assessed on the same basis by a neutral, external body. across all Europe: Before a manufacturing company can join the Charter, it is visited by Energy consumed per ton of production: –5.5%; an accredited independent verifier who must certify that the company

TABLE 1. Charter sustainability procedures for companies TABLE 2. Key performance indicators for industry reporting Raw material selection and safety evaluation Company participation Raw material and packaging supplier selection Chemicals safety evaluation Packaging design and selection Occupational health and safety Resource use policy Use of poorly biodegradable organics Occupational health and safety management system Packaging used

Environmental management system Consumed energy and CO2 emitted Distribution risk assessment Consumed water Product recall Consumer and customer safety Consumer and user information Consumer and customer information Finished product safety evaluation Waste Product performance and product review Percentage of production compliant with Advanced Internal target setting Sustainability Profiles for product categories inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 241 SD&PC

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I hereby subscribe to the above Code of Ethics. Signature of Applicant 244 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) Estimating the effect of fermentation yeast on distillers grains protein

Jianchun Han and Keshun Liu

Increasing demand for ethanol as a gas- oline additive and a desire to decrease dependency on fossil fuels have resulted in a dramatic increase in fuel ethanol production (Fig. 1). According to the 2010 ethanol Industry Outlook (rFA 2010), ethanol biorefineries in the United States converted 3.8 billion bushels of corn in 2009 into an esti - mated 10.6 billion gallons of ethanol and 30.5 million metric tons of high- value livestock feed (distillers grains, corn gluten meal, and corn gluten feed). FIG. 1. Production of US fuel ethanol and distillers grains. Adapted from Renewable Fuels Association (RFA), 2010 Ethanol Industry Outlook, Washington DC. DDGS, distillers dried In the 2008/2009 US Department of grains with solubles. Agriculture marketing year, ethanol represented about 30% of gross corn use. A common method for making ethanol from corn is dry-grind processing (Fig. 2, also see inform 18:658–660, 2007). The basic steps of the process include grinding (dry milling), slurrying, cooking, liquefaction, saccharifica- tion, fermentation, distillation, and co-product recovery. During co-product recovery, whole stillage (nonvolatile components remaining following distillation) is usually centrifuged to produce a liquid fraction (thin stillage) and a solid fraction called distillers wet grains (DWG). Thin stillage is concentrated through evaporation into condensed distillers solubles (CDS). CDS and DWG are then typically combined into distillers wet grains with solubles (DWGS) and dried to produce a marketable co-product commonly known as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Production of DDGS has increased significantly in recent years, as the number of dry grind ethanol production facilities has increased. FIG. 2. Dry grind process and downstream products of key steps. DWGS, distillers wet grains with solubles. For other abbreviation see Figure 1. inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 245 Processing

The major use of DDGS is for animal Four estimating dried solubles contained about 4 ×109 cells feed. Factors affecting quality and market per gram. When this figure was compared to values include protein quantity (concentra- methods that of dried yeast, the approximation was tion) and quality (amino acid composition) Following is an explanation and compari- reached that 20% by weight of dried solubles (Liu 2011). During fuel ethanol production, son of four methods in the literature for esti- is dried yeast. Note that for DDGS, yeast con- yeast contributes insignificantly toward the mating yeast’s contribution toward distillers tribution was not given. cost of raw materials. Yet a well-selected yeast grains products. Since the amino acid (AA) Assumption and calculation. In 1999 strain is an important ingredient for efficient composition of yeast is nutritionally better Ingledew estimated the amount that yeast fermentation. It can also potentially affect the than that of corn, investigating yeast’s effect contribute toward DDGS by making assump- quality of DDGS. As early as 1944, Bauern- and accurately estimating its contribution tions and calculating the protein and mass in feind and coworkers defined corn distillers toward DDGS will have a positive impact on a known amount of fermentation mash. He dried solubles as a grain-yeast concentrate feed and ethanol industries and at the same stated that in the late 1990s the annual fuel comprising water-soluble nutrients derived time increase our basic understanding of the ethanol production in North America was from the original grains and from the grain- processing system. estimated at 7 × 10 9 L. If the fermentation yeast fermentation. Thus, DDGS proteins Hemacytometer counts. In 1944 Bauern- mash contains 12% alcohol, the total mash come from both corn and yeast. Yet, until feind and colleagues suggested that yeast cell would be 6 × 1010 L. Then if the yeast count recently, the effect of fermentation yeast on (all dead) content can be estimated by hema- in a fermentor at the peak of fermentation is DDGS protein quantity and quality has not cytometer counts of thin stillage, condensed 1.9 × 1011 cells/L of mash, the total yeast cells been well documented. solubles, or dried solubles. They reported that in total annual mash production would be 6

TABLE 1. Changes in amino acid compositiona (relative % to total amino acids in each sample) during the dry grind ethanolb processing from corn at Plant 1 Amino Milled Cooked Liquef Sacch Fmted Whole Thin acid corn slurry mash mash mash stillage stillage CDS DWG DWGS DDGS Yeast Essential Arg 3.55 3.96 3.40 4.05 4.51 4.98 6.11 5.09 4.42 5.00 4.68 5.15 His 3.13 3.85 3.09 4.05 2.86 3.57 3.84 3.13 3.28 2.98 3.59 2.81 Ile 3.61 3.08 3.50 3.04 3.71 3.15 2.84 3.56 3.25 3.85 3.25 4.46 Leu 12.23 11.00 11.32 11.49 11.36 11.23 7.95 8.40 13.07 11.38 12.16 7.67 Lys 3.19 3.41 3.19 3.15 3.99 4.13 4.76 5.03 3.84 4.22 3.87 8.31 Met 3.3 4.84 3.29 3.83 2.38 2.82 3.55 2.88 2.25 1.93 2.68 2.14 Phe 6.49 5.28 6.79 5.97 5.40 4.98 4.47 5.03 5.22 5.05 4.9 4.66 Thr 3.96 4.29 3.81 4.28 4.07 4.27 4.55 4.29 4.25 4.22 4.23 5.95 Val 7.5 7.37 7.51 7.21 5.56 5.35 6.11 6.38 5.12 5.64 5.22 5.43

Nonessential Ala 6.56 7.04 6.58 6.76 7.25 7.42 7.60 7.48 7.26 7.52 7.42 5.79 Asp 5.91 6.71 6.38 6.64 6.97 7.19 7.46 7.36 6.95 7.16 7.06 10.83 Cys 2.95 3.63 2.98 3.60 2.09 2.25 2.91 2.39 2.11 1.93 2.06 1.38 Glu 17.73 17.93 17.70 17.79 18.73 19.40 19.03 18.15 19.53 18.85 19.52 20.47 Gly 3.43 3.63 3.60 3.83 4.23 4.42 5.47 5.33 3.77 4.54 4.11 4.66 Pro 6.67 4.84 7.30 5.52 7.81 6.39 4.97 6.74 7.16 7.66 6.9 2.18 Ser 5.02 5.28 4.73 5.41 4.99 5.17 5.11 4.78 5.25 5.09 5.12 5.52 Tyr 4.82 4.07 4.94 3.60 4.11 3.19 3.34 3.92 3.28 2.98 3.23 2.60

a Ala, alanine; Arg, arginine; Asp, aspartic acid; Cys, cysteine; Glu, glutamic acid; Gly, glycine; His, histidine; Ile, isoleucine; Leu, leucine: Lys, lysine; Met, methionine; Phe, phenylalanine; Pro, proline; Ser, serine; Thr, threonine; Tyr, tyrosine; Val, valine. b Liquef mash, liquefied mash; Sacch mash, saccharified mash; Fmted mash, fermented mash; CDS, condensed distillers solubles; DWG, distillers wet grains; DWGS, distillers wet grains with solubles; DDGS, distillers dried grains with solubles. Adapted from Han and Liu, J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:3430–3437 (2010). 246 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

TABLE 2. Multiple linear regression for amino acid composition (relative %) of products from 3 ethanol plants Cooked Liquefied Fermented Whole Thin Distillers Distillers Parameter a slurry mass mass stillage stillage solubles wet grains DDGS A 0.918 0.926 0.835 0.802 0.513 0.488 0.950 0.889 B 0.046 0.060 0.196 0.238 0.390 0.407 0.165 0.195 C 0.208 0.080 –0.180 0.240 0.571 0.622 –0.680 –0.511 r2 0.977 0.978 0.954 0.963 0.936 0.940 0.949 0.951

a A, a fixed-value parameter indicating the extent of contribution by corn amino acids (AA); B, a fixed-value parameter showing the extent of influence by yeast AA; C, a fixed-value parameter showing the intercept on the Y-axis. For other abbreviation see Table 1. Adapted from Han and Liu, J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:3430–3437 (2010).

TABLE 3. Comparison of methods for estimating yeast contributions a If the average yeast contains 38% protein, the total annual mass Hemacytometer counting May not apply directly to would contain 2.34 × 105 × 38% = 88,920 MT yeast protein. If 1,000 DDGS unless solubles from L of ethanol corresponds to the production of 860 kg DDGS, the total DDGS are separated or a mass annual DDGS would be (7 ×109 L)/1,000 L × 860 kg =6 × 106 MT. percentage of solubles is first And if the average protein content in DDGS is 28%, the total annual estimated or assumed. Must DDGS protein would be 6 × 106 × 28% = 1.68 × 106 MT. estimate the number of cells Therefore, yeast contribution by mass would be (2.34 × 105 MT)/ per 1 gram dry yeast. (6 × 106 MT) = 3.9%; and yeast contribution by protein would be 6 Assumption and calculation Based on multiple (88,920 MT)/(1.68 × 10 MT) = 5.3%. assumptions and prone Averaging ratios of AA concentration of DDGS vs. that of yeast. In to errors. 2004, Beylea and coworkers calculated the ratio of each essential AA concentration (g/100 g dry sample) of DDGS vs. that of yeast. They Averaging ratios of AA Disregards corn protein found that most ratios ranged between 0.45 and 0.70, with an average concentration of DDGS vs. contribution. Excludes value of 0.55. Based on this average value, they suggested that yeast that of yeast non-essential amino acids. protein makes up approximately half of the protein in DDGS. The average ratio in amino Multiple linear regression model. In 2010, Han and Liu reported the concentrations of DDGS vs. results of a study using three sets of samples provided by three com- those of yeast actually mercial dry grind ethanol plants in Iowa, USA. Each set consisted of refle ts the ratio of protein ground corn, yeast, DDGS, and several intermediate stream products. concentration of DDGS vs. They found that when the AA composition of DDGS protein was yeast, which results in a expressed as concentration based on sample mass (as most previous higher estimation of yeast’s studies did) the change in AA concentrations followed the pattern of contribution to DDGS protein protein changes during the dry grind process: Prior to the fermentation (up to 55 %). step, there was a slight increase. Upon fermentation, concentrations of all AA increased 2.0- to 3.5-fold, resulting from starch depletion. Multiple linear regression Links DDGS AA composition However, when the AA profile was expressed as a relative percent- model as a function of both corn age of total AA, its change did not follow the trend of protein change and yeast AA composition. (Table 1). Upon fermentation, some AA increased, some decreased, It includes all AA and is based and others remained unchanged. Furthermore, through this expres- on relative percentages rather sion, the influence of yeast AA composition on that of a downstream than absolute concentrations product became noticeable. of AA. Unlike AA concentra- For example, arginine in corn was 3.55%, in yeast 5.15%, so the tions, AA in relative percent- trend was increasing (Table 1). Methionine in corn was 3.32%, in age is independent of the yeast, 2.14%, so the trend was decreasing. Although most changing sample’s protein content. trends in AA composition depended on the difference between corn Can be used to estimate and yeast AA compositions, there were some exceptions. For example, yeast’s effect on not only for proline, there was no clear pattern of change during the dry grind DDGS but also other down- process, but yeast had a much lower value than corn (2.18% vs. 6.67%). stream products. Accordingly, Han and Liu (2010) proposed that the AA composition of a downstream product (response variable) is a function of the a For abbreviations see Tables 1 and 2. AA, amino acids; DDGS, dried distill- AA of corn (independent variable 1) and AA of yeast (independent ers grain with solubles. variable 2), based on a multiple linear regression model:

10 11 22 × 10 × 1.9 × 10 = 1.14 × 10 . Then if 1 g dry yeast contains 4.87 × Y = AX1 + BX2 + C [1] 1010 cells, the total annual mash would contain (1.14 × 1022)/(4.87 × 10 11 5 10 ) = 2.34 × 10 g = 2.34 × 10 metric tons (MT) of yeast biomass. where Y = relative % of an amino acid in an downstream product; X1 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 247 Processing

= relative % of the AA in ground corn; X2 = relative % of the AA in yeast; A = a fixed-value parameter indicating the extent of contribu- information tion by corn AA; B = a fixed-value parameter showing the extent of Further reading influence by yeast AA;C = a fixed value parameter showing the intercept on Y-axis. ■■ Bauerfeind, J.C., J.C. Garey, W. Baumgarten, L. Stone, and C.S. On the basis of Equation 1, regression results show that param- Boruff, Nutrient content of alcohol fermentation by-products eters A, B, and C varied greatly with the type of downstream products from corn, Ind. Eng. Chem. 36:76–78 (1944). but slightly with the sample source (ethanol plant.). When regression ■■ Belyea, R.L., K.D.Rausch, and M.E. Tumbleson, Composition of is made for the combined data set, results show that before fermen- corn and distillers dried grains with solubles from dry grind tation, the value of parameter A was 0.918 and B was 0.046 (Table ethanol processing, Bioresour. Technol. 94:293–298 (2004). 2). After fermentation, A fell to 0.835 and B increased to 0.196. This ■■ Han, J.C., and K.S. Liu, Changes in proximate composition and implies that the average composition of a particular AA in fermenta- amino acid profile during dry grind ethanol processing from tion mash from all three plants would increase by a factor of 0.835 if corn and estimation of yeast contribution toward DDGS pro- the AA composition in ground corn increased by 1% and the AA com- teins, J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:3430–3437 (2010). position of yeast remained fixed. ■■ Ingledew, W. M. Yeast—could you base a business on this bug? Similarly, a 1% increase in yeast AA composition, with corn AA In Biotechnology in the Feed Industry, Proceedings of Alltech’s Fif- composition held fixed, would now increase the mean AA composition teenth Annual Symposium, T.P. Lyons and K.A. Jacques (eds.), in fermentation mash by a factor of 0.196. Furthermore, following cen- Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, England, 1999, trifugation, the B value increased in thin stillage and in its condensed pp. 27–47. form (CDS) but decreased in DWG. TheA value changed accordingly, ■■ Liu, K.S., Chemical composition of distillers grains, a review, decreasing in thin stillage and CDS but increasing in DWG. The two J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:1508–1526 (2011). parameters in both DWGS and DDGS became similar to those found in whole stillage and fermentation mash. The high values of the square of the correlation coefficient (r2, with an average value higher than 0.95, Table 2) indicate high strength of linear relationships in AA com- Which method is best? position (relative %) among a downstream product, corn and yeast. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis of amino acid Although the estimated results vary greatly with the methods chosen, a composition (% relative) of DDGS with those of ground corn and comparison (Table 3) seems to indicate that the multiple linear regres- yeast as two independent variables, fermentation yeast accounts for sion method is by far the most accurate estimation for the effect of about 20% effect on DDGS amino acid profile, while corn accounts for yeast on the AA composition of not only DDGS but also other down- the remaining 80%. The method is also useful to estimate the effect of stream products. yeast on the AA profile of other intermediate products. For example, before fermentation, yeast accounted for about 5% of the AA content The article is based on a presentation made on May 13, 2010, at the (apparently due to recycle of thin stillage as backset to be used as 14th Annual Distillers Grains Symposium in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. process water to slurry the ground grain), but after fermentation its Jianchun Han is an associate professor at College of Food Science, contribution increased to about 20%. This value was higher in thin Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjian, China. Keshun Liu is stillage and CDS, but lower in distillers wet grains. Since yeast has a a research chemist in the National Small Grains and Potato Germ- better AA profile than corn (particularly with regard to lysine), the plasm Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural higher the yeast effect, the better the AA profile of a coproduct as -com Research Service, Aberdeen, Idaho. Liu may be contacted at keshun. pared with that of corn. [email protected]. AOCS Career Services makes finding the perfect career or employee easier. www.aocs.org/goto/careers 248 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) Forward Thinking. Make an Impact.

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AOCS 2011 award recipients announced Outstanding accomplishments and service by individuals from around the world are recognized during the 102nd AOCS Annual Meeting & expo held May 1–4 in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. The following list includes awards for whom recipients had been named by the deadline for this issue of inform. SOCIETY AWARDS A. Richard Baldwin Award GARY R. LIST, US Department of Agricul- Oba Proctor Widlak ture—NCAUR, retired, USA The highest Society award recognizes and honors an individual who has made profound KENKICHI OBA, emeritus member of AOCS, retired, Japan contributions to the Society over a substantial ANDREW PROCTOR, University of Arkansas, USA period of time. NEIL R. WIDLAK, Archer Daniels Midland Cocoa, USA Fellows are selected for exceptional recognition for achievements List in science as well as for unusually important service to AOCS or to their profession. Award of Merit JAMES A. KENAR, US Department of Agri- AOCS Corporate Achievement Award culture–NCAUR, USA NutraLease Ltd., Israel The AOCS Award of Merit is presented The Award recognizes industry achievement for an outstanding for productive leadership service to AOCS that process, product, or contribution that has made the greatest impact on has advanced the prestige, standing, or interests its industry segment. NutraLease Ltd. is recognized for the technology of AOCS, and for services not otherwise spe- Novel Nano-Sized Self-assembled Liquid (NSSL) carriers as delivery cifically recognized. vehicles for improved solubilization and bioavailability of nutraceuti- Kenar cals cosmetoceuticals, cosmetotextiles and pharmaceuticals. AOCS Fellows WILLIAM (BILL) W. CHRISTIE, for- SCIENTIFIC AWARDS merly at The Scottish Crop Research Institute and consultant to Mylnefield Lipid Analysis, Supelco/Nicholas Pelick–AOCS Scotland Research Award JESSE E. COVEY, retired, USA HOWARD R. KNAPP, Big Sky Medical JOHN L. HARWOOD, Cardiff University, Research, P.C., USA Wales Christie KESHUN LIU, US Department of Agri- $10,000 honorarium, $1,500 travel culture–ARS, USA stipend, and a plaque The Supelco/Nicholas Pelick–AOCS Research Award is for accomplishment of outstanding original research in fats, oils, lipid chemistry, or biochemistry, the results of which have been presented through publication of technical papers. The award is funded Harwood by Supelco Inc., a subsidiary of Sigma-Aldrich, and Nicholas Pelick, an AOCS past president.

Covey Knapp Liu 250 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

Stephen S. Chang Award Biotechnology COLIN RATLEDGE, University of Hull, Division: England Student $5,000 honorarium and a jade horse The Stephen S. Chang Award recognizes a Awards scientist, technologist, or engineer who has made 1st place—MICHAEL decisive accomplishments in basic research for S. GREER, University of the improvement or development of products Alberta, Canada Greer Nantiyakul Ratledge related to lipids. The award was established by $300 honorarium former AOCS President Stephen S. Chang and and a certificate his wife, Lucy, for individuals who have made 2nd place (tie)—NANTAPRAPA significant contributions through a single breakthrough or through NANTIYAKUL, University of an accumulation of publications. Nottingham, United Kingdom RAN YE, University of Tennesse, USA AOCS Young Scientist $200 honorarium and a certificate Research Award Edible Applications RAFFAELE MEZZENGA, ETH Zürich, Ye Switzerland and Technology Division: $1,000 honorarium, $1,500 travel Timothy L. Mounts Award stipend, and a plaque The AOCS Young Scientist Research Award NURHAN T. DUNFORD, Oklahoma State recognizes a young scientist who has made a sig- University, USA Mezzenga nificant and substantial research contribution $500 honorarium and a plaque in one of the disciplines represented by AOCS The award is for either basic or applied Divisions. Vijay K.S. Shukla and the Interna - research accomplishments relating to the science, tional Food Science Centre A/S of Denmark sponsor the award. technology, or application of edible oils in food products. It memorializes the former AOCS Dunford president, who was a distinguished research scientist with the US Department of Agriculture. DIVISION/SECTION AWARDS The award is sponsored by Bunge. Analytical Division: Student Award Herbert J. Dutton Award NAVIDEH ANARJAN KOUCHEHBAGH, GARY R. LIST, US Department of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia retired—NCAUR, USA $500 travel stipend and a certificate $1,000 honorarium and a plaque The award is presented for significant con- Health & Nutrition Division: Kouchehbagh tribution to the analysis of fats and oils or to Ralph Holman Lifetime improvement in the understanding of the pro- List cesses used in the fats and oils industries. The Achievement award is named for Dr. Dutton, a long-time DEBORAH A. DIERSEN-SCHADE, Mead research leader at the US Department of Agri- Johnson Nutrition, USA culture facility in Peoria, Illinois, USA. $500 honorarium, $1,000 travel stipend, and a signed orchard photo print Student Awards The award recognizes outstanding performance and meritorious contributions to the JENNA C. SULLIVAN, health and nutrition interest area. The award is Diersen-Schade Dalhousie University, named after Ralph Holman in recognition of Canada his lifetime service to the study of essential fatty HIEU SY VU , Kansas acids. State University, USA $250 honorarium, $500 travel stipend, and Student Award Sullivan Vu a certificate JUSTINE M. TISHINSKY, University of Guelph, Canada $500 honorarium and a certificate Tishinsky inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 251 Inside AOCS

Industrial Oil Products Division: Student Award ACI/NBB Glycerine Innovation Award EMMANUEL REVELLAME, Mississippi VICTOR M. ARREDONDO, MICHAEL S. GIBSON, NEIL T. State University, USA FAIRWEATHER, PATRICK J. CORRIGAN, DAVID KREUZER, $500 travel stipend and a certificate DEBORAH J. BACK , and ANGELLA C. DANIELS, The Procter & Gamble Company, USA Lipid Oxidation $5,000 honorarium and a plaque The ACI/NBB Glycerine Innovation and Quality Division: Revellame Award, sponsored by the American Cleaning Edwin Frankel Best Institute and the National Biodiesel Board, rec- Paper Award ognizes achievements in research relating to new applications for glycerine, particularly those with Antioxidant Activity of Potato Peel Extracts in a Fish-Rapeseed Oil Arredondo commercial viability. Mixture and in Oil-in-Water Emulsions (Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 87:1319–1332) USB Industrial Uses of K.H. SABEENA FARVIN, NINA SKALL NIELSEN, and CHARLOTTE JACOBSEN Soybean Oil Award Technical University of Denmark, Denmark MICHAEL J. HAAS, US Department of Agri- Plaque and certificates for all authors culture–ERRC, USA The award recognizes the best paper relating to lipid oxidation $3,000 honorarium and a plaque or lipid quality published during the previous year by AOCS Press. This award is for outstanding research into new industrial applications or uses for soybean oil. The United Soybean Board’s New Uses Com- Haas mittee sponsors the award to encourage and recognize such research.

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Phospholipid Division: Student Award Best Paper Award ZUL ILHAM, Kyoto University, Japan Anti-Obesity Effect of Phosphatidylinositol on Diet-Induced Obesity $500 honorarium and a certificate in Mice (Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58:11218–11225) KOSUKE SHIMIZU1, TOMOKO IDA1, HARUHITO Protein and Co-Products TSUTSUI1, TOMOHIRO ASAI1, KAZUMASA OTSUBO2, and Division: ADM Best NAOTO OKU1 1 2 Paper Awards University of Shizuoka, Japan, and Asahi Kasei Pharma Cor- Ilham poration, Japan CheMISTry/NUTrITION Plaque, and certificates for all authors The award recognizes an outstanding paper related to phospho- An Improved Isolation Method of Soy β-Conglycinin Subunits and lipids published during the previous year. International Lecithin & Their Characterization (Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society Phospholipid Society sponsors the award. 87:997–1004) DE-BAO YUAN1, WEI MIN1, XIAO-QUAN YANG1, CHUAN- Processing Division: HE TANG1, KE-LI HUANG1, JIAN GUO1, JIN-MEI WANG1, NA-NA WU1, HENG-GUANG ZHENG2, AND JUN-RU QI1 Distinguished Service Award 1South China University of Technology, People’s Republic of ROBERT C. HASTERT, retired, USA China, and 2Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, People’s Repub- $1,000 travel stipend and a certificate lic of China The award recognizes outstanding, meritorious service to the oilseed processing industry or eNGINeerING/TeChNOLOGy to the Division over a substantial amount of time. Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Oil from Isolated Oleo - somes of Soybean Flour (Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society Hastert 87:347–354) LILI T. TOWA, VIRGINIE N. KAPCHIE, CATHERINE HAUCK, and PATRICIA A. MURPHY Iowa State University, USA

Register by 15 April 2011 and Save! World Conference on Oilseed Processing, Fats & Oils Processing, Biofuels & Applications 21–23 June 2011  Hilton Izmir  Izmir, Turkey

Where the Global Fats and Oils Community Will Discuss Critical Scientiﬁ c Issues and Technologies Affecting the Future of the Industry

Sessions: • Market Update and Critical Issues for • Specialty Oils and Their Applications Global Soybeans, Meal, and Oil • Food, Feed, and Plant Safety • Global Issues for Canola Products • Lipids as Feedstocks for Polymers, • Global Issues for Olive Oil Lubricants, and Other Industrial Materials • Critical Issues in Palm and Palm Kernel Oil • 3-MCPD and Glycidyl Esters Analytics and and Its By-products Mitigation • Global Issues for Sunﬂ ower Seed, • By-Products and Utilization Rapeseed, and Other Oilseeds • Edible Applications: Emerging Technologies • Advancements in Oil and Oilseed • Biotechnology and Other Technology Processing • Industrial Applications and Utilization: • Industrial Applications and Utilization: Alternative Fuels Sponsoring Organizations Lipid-Based Liquid Fuels • Edible Applications: Antioxidants, AOCS • Culinary Products and Margarine • Omega-3 Oils: Applications and Processing Nutraceuticals Industrialists Association of Turkey • Vegetable Technologies • Processing Technologies Oils and Fats Industrialists Association

Complete program details: www.aocs.org/goto/Turkey2011 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 253 Inside AOCS

Plaque, and certificates for all authors American Cleaning Institute (ACI) Award The awards are presented annually for the outstanding paper related to protein and co-products appearing in an AOCS publication Creation of Novel Green and Sustainable Gemini-Type Cationics during the previous year. Archer Daniels Midland sponsors the awards. Containing Carbonate Linkages (Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 13:387–398) 1 2 Surfactants & Detergents TAISUKE BANNO , KAZUO KAWADA , AND SHUICHI MATSUMURA1 Division: Samuel Rosen 1Keio University, Japan, and 2Kitasato Uni- Memorial Award versity, Japan Crystal plaques for all authors THOMAS W. FEDERLE, The Procter & The award is presented annually to the Gamble Company, USA authors of the best technical paper published $2,000 honorarium and a plaque during the preceding year in the Journal of Sur- The award recognizes a significant advance factants and Detergents. The award is sponsored in, or application of, the principles of surfactant Federle by the American Cleaning Institute. chemistry by a chemist working in the indus - Attaphong try. The award is sponsored by Milton Rosen in Student Awards honor of his father, Samuel, who worked as an industrial chemist on the formulation of print- CHODCHANOK ATTAPHONG, The Univer- ing inks for more than four decades. sity of Oklahoma, USA MAYSAM SODAGARI, The University of Distinguished Service Award Akron, USA $500 travel stipend and a certificate TERRI GERMAIN, Oxiteno USA, USA A plaque The award recognizes outstanding, meritorious service to the industry or to the Division Germain over a substantial amount of time. Sodagari

Oils and Fats World Market Update 2011 20–21 June 2011  Hilton Izmir  Izmir, Turkey World-Class Speakers to Address Key Business Issues: • World Oils and Fats Markets Update • Worldwide Trade Issues and Regulations • Sustainability for the Oils and Fats Business • Financing Supply Chains—Working Capital, Inventories, and Hedges • Market Update and Critical Issues for Global Soybeans, Meal, and Oil • Global Issues for Canola Products • Global Issues for Olive Oil • Critical Issues in Palm and Palm Kernel Oil and its By-Products • Global Issues for Sunﬂ ower Seed, Rapeseed, and Other Oilseeds Register by 27 May 2011 and Save!

CompleteCoComppleletete pprogramroogra details: www.aocs.org/goto/WorldMarket

Sponsoring Organizations: AOCS • Culinary Products and Margarine Industrialists Association of Turkey • Vegetable Oils and Fats Industrialists Association 254 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

USA Section: Alton E. Bailey Award JAMES K. DAUN, Agri-Analytical Consulting, Canada $750 honorarium and a plaque The USA Section established this award to recognize outstanding research and exceptional service in the field of lipids and associated prod- Daun ucts. The medal commemorates Alton E. Bailey’s Chandrasekara Chen Greer great contributions to the field of fats and oils as a researcher, as an author of several standard books in the field, and as a leader in the work of the Society. Hans Kaunitz Award VERMONT DIA, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, USA $1,000 honorarium, $500 travel stipend, and a certificate Kiran Sullivan Tishinsky The award recognizes the outstanding per- Dia formance and merit of a graduate student within the geographical boundaries of the USA Section. STUDENT RECOGNITION AOCS Foundation Honored Student Awards The awards recognize graduate students at any institution of higher learning who are conducting research in any area of science dealing with fats and lipids and who are interested in the areas of science and Tokle Yin technology. Supported by contributions from members as well as com- SUMIT K. KIRAN, University of Toronto, Canada—Honored panies in the industry. Student and Manuchehr Eijadi Travel stipend and a certificate. JENNA C. SULLIVAN, Dalhousie University, Canada— Honored Student Manuchehr (Manny) Eijadi Award JUSTINE M. TISHINSKY, University of Guelph, Canada— The Eijadi Award recognizes outstanding merit and performance by Honored Student an AOCS Honored Student. The award, established by Mr. Eijadi, is TANUSHREE TOKLE, University of Massachusetts, USA— intended to help the recipient finance his or her studies. Honored Student $1,000 scholarship and a certificate HUAIXIA YIN, Louisiana State University, USA—Honored Student Peter and Clare Kalustian Award The Kalustian Award recognizes outstanding merit and performance Ralph H. Potts Memorial by an AOCS Honored Student. The award is supported by the Kalus- Fellowship Award tian estate. SWAPNIL R. JADHAV, CUNY, USA $1,000 scholarship and a certificate $2,000 scholarship, travel stipend, and CHELSEY L. CASTRODALE, University a plaque of Arkansas, USA—Honored Student and Peter The Ralph H. Potts Award is presented and Clare Kalustian annually to a graduate student working in the GAMAGE ANOMA P. CHANDRAEK- chemistry of fats and oils and their derivatives. ARA, Memorial University of Newfoundland, The award is sponsored by AkzoNobel to memo- Jadhav Canada—Honored Student rialize Ralph Potts, a pioneer in research on BINGCAN CHEN, University of Massa- industrial uses of fatty acids. n chusetts, USA—Honored Student MICHAEL S. GREER, University of Castrodale Alberta, Canada—Honored Student inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 255

14th AOCS Latin American Congress and Exhibition on Fats and Oils The Resource for the Ibero-American Market October 17–21, 2011 | Hilton Cartagena | Cartagena, Colombia | www.aocs.org/goto/LACongress

The Program This congress provides an international forum for professionals, scientists, researchers, and students involved in fats and oils industries. The congress will focus on current issues aff ecting the Ibero-American marketplace, including processing, refi ning and packaging, health and nutrition, analytical and quality control processes, industrial applications, biodiesel, environmental impacts, and new developments. Spanish or English translations will be available for all oral presentations. Call for Papers and Posters The Organizing Committee is welcoming abstract submissions for oral and poster presentations. The technical program will feature invited presentations by leading experts as well as volunteer presentations. Online submission required.

The Exhibition Held in conjunction with the congress, the exhibition will feature international companies that supply processing equipment, engineering services, reagents, additives and ingredients, laboratory instrumentation, and much more.

Cartagena, Colombia Cartagena is a charming city of colonial style located in the Caribbean seaboard on the northern coast of Colombia, South America. With easy access by air, land or sea, Cartagena is a popular destination for both business and leisure travelers.

Organized by Dates to Remember May 16, 2011 ● Call for Papers Deadline May 31, 2011 ● Early Exhibit Rental Fee Deadline September 16, 2011 ● Early Registration Deadline September 30, 2011 ● Last Day to Register Online 256 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) Top 10 of 2010 #1  The Biodiesel Handbook, 2nd Edition Gerhard Knothe, Jürgen Krahl, and Jon Van Gerpen, Editors ISBN: 1-893997-62-2 • Product code 234 #2  Soap Manufacturing Technology Luis Spitz, Editor ISBN 978-1-893-997-61-5 • Product code 238 #3  Practical Guide to Vegetable Oil Processing Monoj K. Gupta Bestsellers ISBN: 978-1-893997-90-5 • Product code 212 #4  Offi cial Methods for the Determination of Trans Fat, 2nd Edition Magdi M. Mossoba and John K.G. Kramer ISBN 978-1-893997-72-1 • Product code 247 #5  Single Cell Oils Microbial and Algal Oils, 2nd Edition Zvi Cohen and Colin Ratledge, Editors ISBN 978-1-893997-73-8 • Product code 249 #6  Fatty Acids in Health Promotion and Disease Causation Ronald R. Watson, Editor ISBN978-1-893997-65-3 • Product code 237 #7  Biobased Surfactants and Detergents Synthesis, Properties, and Applications Douglas Hayes, Dai Kitamoto, Daniel Solaiman, and Richard Ashby, Editors ISBN 978-1-893997-67-7 • Product code 235 #8  Bleaching and Purifying Fats and Oils Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition Gary List, Editor ISBN978-1-893997-91-2 • Product code 220 #9  Gourmet and Health-Promoting Specialty Oils AOCS MONOGRAPH SERIES ON OILSEEDS, VOLUME 3 Robert A. Moreau and Afaf Kamal-Eldin, Editors ISBN 978-1-893997-97-4 • Product code 241 #10  Soybeans Chemistry, Production, Processing, and Utilization AOCS MONOGRAPH SERIES ON OILSEEDS, VOLUME 2 Lawrence A. Johnson, Pamela J. White, and Richard Galloway, Editors I SBN 978-1-893997-64-6 • Product code 223

For information or to place an order, visit our website or email [email protected]! www.aocs.org/store AOCS • PO Box 17190 • Urbana, IL 61803 USA • +1 217-693-4803 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 257

people with high levels of this lipokine have marked protection against OBeSITy ePIDeMIC type 2 diabetes. (CONTINUeD FrOM PAGe 202) Obviously these efforts to combat obesity-related diseases are very early and the outlook uncertain. Yet the groundwork being laid obesity without sounding an inflammatory alarm. A prototype medi- by Hotamisligil and others in the field is promising, and the potential cine to fix the problem in endoplasmic reticulum and reduce its stress for reducing the insidious and extraordinarily worrying toll of obesity also works in humans, as shown by collaborative work published this is enormous. year with Samuel Klein at Washington University in St. Louis (USA). “Ten years from now, I hope that there will be drugs on the Now the hunt is on for new and more powerful molecules to replicate shelves emerging from this research—not necessarily from what we these early findings. are doing, but related to it,” he says. “I predict that such drugs will not None of the newly developing compounds has yet reached clini- be toxic to the heart and have other bad side effects, which current dia- cal trials, but may in the next few years, Hotamisligil says. Another betes medications do. I also hope that at least some of these drugs will strategy that may bear fruit sooner involves hormones—which he be affordable and reach the mass populations with desperate needs.” calls “lipokines”—that Hotamisligil has identified in mice that halt Looking farther ahead, Hotamisligil, who calls himself “pathologically or even reverse insulin resistance and other complications related to optimistic,” sees a future in which the food industry can tinker with obesity and type 2 diabetes. One such lipokine is a rare nutrient in thousands of individual nutrients in foods to enhance their healthful nuts and other foods called palmitoleate. Because it is a natural sub- properties. “That,” he says, “is the next frontier.” stance without known adverse effects, he says that if funding can be obtained, a clinical trial could happen “at any moment.” In collabora- Richard Saltus has written about science, medicine, and public health tion with HSPH professor Dariush Mozaffarian, work showed that for the Associated Press, the Boston Globe, the San Francisco Exam- iner, and The New York Times.

symposia.org/Meetings/ViewMeetings. zarote, Canary Islands, Spain. Information: CALeNDAr cfm?MeetingID =1113. www.engconfintl.org/11aa.html. (CONTINUeD FrOM PAGe 185) May 16–17, 2011. 3rd Algae World Europe, May 23–24, 2011. Ag Innovations Show- May 8–11, 2011. World Congress on Indus- Hotel Melia Madrid Princesa-Salon Sabatini case: Breeding Scientific Innovations, trial Biotechnology & Bioprocessing, Metro 1, Madrid, Spain. Information: www.cmte- Harvesting Global Commercial Break- Toronto Convention Center, Toronto, vents.com/aboutevent.aspx?ev=110522&. throughs, Donald Danforth Plant Science Ontario, Canada. Information: www.bio. Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Informa- org/worldcongress. May 17–19, 2011. BIT’s 2nd Annual World Con- tion: www.agshowcase.com/home.aspx. gress of Well Stimulation and EOR, Chong- May 11–13, 2011. ICE-PO 2011: Interna- qing University of Science and Technology, May 26–27, 2011. Practical Short Course: tional Conference and Exposition on Chongqing, China. Information: www.bit- Algae Harvesting and Processing for Value Palm Oil, Jakarta Convention Centre, petrobio.com/wseor2011. Added Applications, Bedford Hotel, Brussels, Jakarta, Indonesia. Information: Asif Belgium. Information: http://home.scarlet. International, Malaysia: phone: +603 May 20–21, 2011. Symposium: Vitamin D and be/~tpm12374/smartshortcourses/algae1. 78800413; fax: +603 78802817; email: Analogs in Cancer Prevention and Therapy, [email protected]. Schlossberg Hotel, Homburg, Germany. May 26–28, 2011. 10th Yeast Lipid Confer- Information: http://tinyurl.com/Vit-D-cancer. ence, Oulu, Finland. Information: www. May 12–13, 2011. 1st ISIS World Surfac- yeastlipid2011.org. tants Conference, Weehawken, New May 22–24, 2011. 6th International Sym- Jersey, USA. Information: www.iciscon- posium on Deep Frying: Errors and Myths May 26–28, 2011. China International Clean- ference.com/worldsurfactants. of Industrial and Catering Frying, Arcad- ing Industry Expo 2011, China National Con- eon Center, Hagen, Germany. Informa- vention Center, Beijing, China. Information: May 13–15, 2011. Globoil International 2011 tion: www.eurofedlipid.org/meetings/ www.clean-expo.com. and Expo, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Dubai. Infor- hagen2011/index.htm. mation: www.globoilinternational.com; www.teflas.com. May 22–25, 2011. Practical-Short Course June on Biodiesel/Biofuel from Algae and Other June 5–9, 2011. 13th International Groupe May 15–19, 2011. STLE [Society of Tribologists Feedstocks, Food Protein Research & Devel- Consultatif International de Recherche sur and Lubrication Engineers] Annual Meeting opment Center, Texas Engineering Experi- le Colza (GCIRC), Prague Congress Centre, and Exhibition, Atlanta Hilton, Atlanta, ment Station, The Texas A&M University Prague, Czech Republic. Information: www. Georgia, USA. Information: www.stle.org. System, College Station, Texas, USA. Infor- irc2011.org. mation: http://foodprotein.tamu.edu/fats- May 15–20, 2011. Lipid Biology and Lipo- oils/scbiodiesel.php. June 6–8, 2011. 8th World Surfactant Con- toxicity, INEC-Ireland’s National Events & gress and Business Convention (CESIO 2011), Conference Centre, Killarney, Co. Kerry, May 22–27, 2011. Bioenergy III: Present and Ireland. Information: www.keystone- New Perspectives on Biorefineries, Lan- continued on next page 258 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

Austria Center Vienna, Austria. Information: mation: www.lipidforum.info/index. July 10–15, 2011. Molecular Membrane www.cesio2011.com. php?p=53-53-53. Biology, Gordon Research Conference, Proctor Academy, Andover, New Hamp- June 6–10, 2011. 19th European Biomass June 19–24, 2011. Atherosclerosis: Under- shire, USA. Information: www.grc.org/ Conference and Exhibition: From Research standing the Pathophysiology and Iden- programs.aspx?year=2011&program= to Industry and Markets, International Con- tifying New Modes of Prevention, Gordon molecmemb. gress Center (ICC) Berlin, Germany. Informa- Research Conference, Salve Regina Uni- tion: www.conference-biomass.org. versity, Newport, Rhode Island, USA. July 17–20, 2011. 1st International Con- Information: www.grc.org/programs. ference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and June 11–15, 2011. Institute of Food Tech- aspx?year=2011&program=athero. Bioproducts, Westin St. Louis, St. Louis, nologists’ Annual Meeting and Expo, New Missouri, USA. Information: www.algal- Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Information: www. June 20–21, 2011. Oils and Fats bbb.com. ift.org. World Market Update 2011, İzmir Hilton, İzmir, Turkey. July 17–22, 2011. Molecular & Cellu- June 13–16, 2011. Clean Technology Con- Information: email: meetings@ lar Biology of Lipids, Gordon Research ference and Expo 2011, Hynes Convention aocs.org; phone: +1 217-683-4821; fax: Conference, Waterville Valley Resort, Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Infor- +1 217-693-4865; www.aocs.org/goto/ Waterville, New Hampshire, USA. mation: www.techconnectworld.com/Clean- WorldMarket. Information: www.grc.org/programs. tech2011/sym/bio_energy.html. aspx?year=2011&program=lipids. June 21–22, 2011. Enzymatic Processing and June 13–16, 2011. A Short Course in Agri- Modifi cation, Het Pand, Ghent University, July 19–22, 2011. CESSE [Council of Engi- cultural Microscopy, Northern Crops Belgium. Information: phone: +44 (0)20 7598 neering and Scientifi c Society Executives] Institute, Fargo, North Dakota, USA. 1561; www.soci.org/General-Pages/Display- 2011 Annual Meeting, Hyatt Regency Information: www.northern-crops.com/ Event?EventCode=OF107. Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia, scourses/scmicroscopy/11microscopysc. Canada. Information: http://community. html. June 21–23, 2011. World Con- cesse.org/CESSE/CONFERENCE . ference on Oilseed Processing, June 15–16, 2011. European Biodiesel Fats & Oils Processing, Biofuels July 30–August 5, 2011. 43rd IUPAC World 2011, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Infor- & Applications, İzmir Hilton, Chemistry Congress, Puerto Rico Con- mation: Marisa Magtultol: Tel: +44 (0)20 İzmir, Turkey. Information: email: meet- vention Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico. 7981 2503; email: mmagtultol@acieu. [email protected]; phone: +1 217-683-4821; Information: www.iupac2011.org. net; www.acius.net/aci/conferences/ fax: +1 217-693-4865; www.aocs.org/ eu-eaf4.asp. goto/Turkey2011. August June 18, 2011. Sensory Evaluation of Olive June 21–23, 2011. 15th Annual Green Chem- August 14–18, 2011. Practical Short Oil Short Course, Hilton Hotel, İzmir, Turkey. istry and Engineering Conference/5th Course, Trends in Margarine and Short- Information: email: [email protected]; International Conference on Green and Sus- ening Manufacture. Non-Trans Products, phone: +1 217-683-4821; fax: +1 217-693- tainable Chemistry, Washington, DC, USA. Food Protein Research & Development 4865; www.aocs.org/goto/Turkey2011. Information: www.gcande.org. Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. Information: http:// June 18–19, 2011. Basics of Oilseed Pro- June 27–30, 2011. BIO [Biotechnology Indus- foodprotein.tamu.edu/fatsoils/scmar- cessing Short Course, Hilton Hotel, İzmir, try Organization] International Convention, garine.php. Turkey. Information: email: meetings@ Walter E. Washington Convention Center, aocs.org; phone: +1 217-683-4821; fax: Washington, DC, USA. Information: http:// August 21–24, 2011. Delivery of Func- +1 217-693-4865; www.aocs.org/goto/ convention.bio.org. tionality in Complex Food Systems, Turkey2011. Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Information: June 30–July 1, 2011. European Lab Auto- www.uoguelph.ca/foodscience/content/ June 19, 2011. Edible Oil Refinery and mation, CCH-Congress Center Hamburg, delivery-functionality-complex-food- Optimization and Maintenance Short Germany. Information: www.selectbio- systems. Course, Hilton Hotel, İzmir, Turkey. sciences.com/conferences/ELA2011. Information: email: meetings@aocs. August 28–September 1, 2011. 242nd ACS org; phone: +1 217-683-4821; fax: +1 July National Meeting & Exposition, Denver, 217-693-4865; www.aocs.org/goto/ Colorado, USA. Information: www.acs. Turkey2011. July 10–13, 2011. 5th European Sympo- org. n sium on Plant Lipids, Gdansk, Poland. June 19–22, 2011. Nordic Lipid Forum Information: www.eurofedlipid.org/ Symposium, Ålesund, Norway. Infor- meetings/gdansk2011. inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4) 259 ABCDABCD springer.com

Springer’s numerous benefits for subscribers to AOCS journals When subscribing to JAOCS, JSD or Lipids you receive numerous benefits from Springer: Free access to the journals online, free access to 5 related journals and a 25% discount on books. Read on to find out more!

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Free Online Journal Access 7 Springer often trials many of our Chemistry journals, including JAOCS, JSD and Lipids, but the only way to be in on the secret is to join our Alerting services. This way whenever we send out an email with Free Online Journal Access you’re automatically informed. Just another way we like to say thank you for subscribing to the journals and being an AOCS member. It’s easy, just visit springer.com/alert

Easy Ways to Order for the Americas 7 Write: Springer Order Department, PO Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07096-2485, USA 7 Call: (toll free) 1-800-SPRINGER Fax: +1(201)348-4505 Email: [email protected] or for outside the Americas Write: Springer Distribution Center GmbH, Haberstrasse 7, 69126 Heidelberg, Contact7 Doreen Berning7 at AOCS to become a member and order your subscription. AOCS,7 P.O. Box 17190, Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA Germany 7 Call: +49 (0) 6221-345-4303 7 Fax: +49 (0) 6221-345-4229 7 Email: [email protected] 7 Phone: + 1-217-693-4813 7 Fax: +1-217-693-4857 7 Email: [email protected] 7 Web: www.aocs.org 000000x 014541x 260 inform April 2011, Vol. 22 (4)

AOCS—A value proposition Amy Lydic and Jean Wills Hinton For AOCS, many of the benefits you enjoy, such as up-to-date methods, distance learning, and the AOCS website, got their start Did you know that as an AOCS member, you spend approx- through funding from the AOCS Foundation. Even the cultivation of the next generation is facilitated through the Smouse Fellowship and imately $13 per month on your AOCS membership? Would Honored Student Awards, which are made possible through the AOCS you say you derive $13 in value through the connections you Foundation. The dollars for this type of activity came from members who valued their experience so highly that they wanted to give back. maintain through AOCS each month? Imagine how much more AOCS could do for you and our community Did you realize that hundreds of your colleagues (maybe includ- if you acted on the value you perceive by supporting AOCS beyond ing you) volunteer their time each year to develop methods, books, what you pay in dues. meeting presentations, and conferences for AOCS? As such, they set The AOCS staff stands in awe of the individuals we have worked the agenda for their fields by deciding what will be talked about, how with through this organization. To us, knowing and interacting with things will be labeled, and which individuals’ work will be made avail- people of your intellect, character, and achievements is worth far more

able to a global audience. than the $154 you pay as a member. We do not pay $154 for mem - BLEED: 11.375” SAFETY: 10” The interesting thing about those people is that rather than being bership; however, because we understand the immeasurable value of TRIM: 11” paid for their efforts, they pay $13 per month to be a member of AOCS. AOCS, we have chosen to support AOCS through our own personal If you are wondering why, the answer can only be that they derive value gifts to the AOCS Foundation. from their connection with AOCS. Otherwise, why would they be It is at this point that we challenge you to join us in adding value so productive outside of their full-time, professional responsibilities, to your membership, participation, and shared global network by expecting no compensation, but rather paying money to ensure that making a donation to the AOCS Foundation this year. Donate now. AOCS continues to exist for them to do so? Go to www.aocsfoundation.org/donate.cfm. Do you think the value is far greater than the mere business expense of $13/month for you to be a part of a group of research - Amy Lydic is the development manager for the AOCS Foundation. ers and innovators that will lead the oils and fats community into the Jean Wills Hinton is executive vice president of AOCS and executive future? If you said yes, you are not alone. director of the AOCS Foundation. ■■ “The AOCS facilitated access to information and personal contacts which supported my career in industry; inform keeps me in touch with world events.” —Joseph Endres information ■■ “I have found few things as beneficial to my career as my Giving to the AOCS Foundation AOCS membership. The interpersonal ties that I have formed as a result of my membership and participation in is easy and convenient: AOCS have been tremendously valuable to me, benefiting ■■ Individual donors are invited to make a one-time dona- me as much as, or more than, the scientific information con- tion, pledge a gift over a period of time, join the Century tained in the AOCS journals.” Club, or make a planned gift. —Michael Haas ■■ Corporate donors can participate by making a one-time ■■ “After my educational degrees, my membership in AOCS donation, pledging a gift over a period of time, joining has been the best investment I have made for my career.” the Corporate Century Club, or by making a corporate —Lawrence Johnson foundation-to-foundation gift. For more information visit www.aocsfoundation.org or These comments speak well for this organization—this profes- contact Amy Lydic, phone: +1 217-693-4807; fax: +1 217- sional community that has included Wesson, Bailey, Mehlenbacher, 693-4852; email: [email protected]. Perkins, and Cahn in the past, and currently includes Baldwin, Mori, Applewhite, Christie, Gunstone, Johnson, Lands, Holman, and Hou. Better Process. More Pro t. Puri ne® PLC BLEED: 11.375” SAFETY: 10” TRIM: 11”

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