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Tectonic Imbrication and Foredeep Development in the Penokean
Tectonic Imbrication and Foredeep Development in the Penokean Orogen, East-Central Minnesota An Interpretation Based on Regional Geophysics and the Results of Test-Drilling The Penokean Orogeny in Minnesota and Upper Michigan A Comparison of Structural Geology U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1904-C, D AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the cur rent-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Sur vey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that are listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" are no longer available. Prices of reports released to the open files are given in the listing "U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports," updated month ly, which is for sale in microfiche from the U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications of general in Books of the U.S. -
Strike and Dip Refer to the Orientation Or Attitude of a Geologic Feature. The
Name__________________________________ 89.325 – Geology for Engineers Faults, Folds, Outcrop Patterns and Geologic Maps I. Properties of Earth Materials When rocks are subjected to differential stress the resulting build-up in strain can cause deformation. Depending on the material properties the result can either be elastic deformation which can ultimately lead to the breaking of the rock material (faults) or ductile deformation which can lead to the development of folds. In this exercise we will look at the various types of deformation and how geologists use geologic maps to understand this deformation. II. Strike and Dip Strike and dip refer to the orientation or attitude of a geologic feature. The strike line of a bed, fault, or other planar feature, is a line representing the intersection of that feature with a horizontal plane. On a geologic map, this is represented with a short straight line segment oriented parallel to the strike line. Strike (or strike angle) can be given as either a quadrant compass bearing of the strike line (N25°E for example) or in terms of east or west of true north or south, a single three digit number representing the azimuth, where the lower number is usually given (where the example of N25°E would simply be 025), or the azimuth number followed by the degree sign (example of N25°E would be 025°). The dip gives the steepest angle of descent of a tilted bed or feature relative to a horizontal plane, and is given by the number (0°-90°) as well as a letter (N, S, E, W) with rough direction in which the bed is dipping. -
Geology and Structural Evolution of the Foss River-Deception Creek Area, Cascade Mountains, Washington
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF James William McDougall for the degree of Master of Science in Geology presented on Lune, icnct Title: GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURALEVOLUTION OF THE FOSS RIVER-DECEPTION CREEK AREA,CASCADE MOUNTAINS, WASHINGTOV, Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Robert S. Yekis Southwest of Stevens Pass, Washington,immediately west of the crest of the Cascade Range, pre-Tertiaryrocks include the Chiwaukum Schist, dominantly biotite-quartzschist characterized by a polyphase metamorphic history,that correlates with schistose basement east of the area of study.Pre-Tertiary Easton Schist, dominated by graphitic phyllite, is principallyexposed in a horst on Tonga Ridge, however, it also occurs eastof the horst.Altered peridotite correlated to Late Jurassic IngallsComplex crops out on the western margin of the Mount Stuart uplift nearDeception Pass. The Mount Stuart batholith of Late Cretaceous age,dominantly granodiorite to tonalite, and its satellite, the Beck lerPeak stock, intrude Chiwaukum Schist, Easton Schist, andIngalls Complex. Tertiary rocks include early Eocene Swauk Formation, a thick sequence of fluviatile polymictic conglomerateand arkosic sandstone that contains clasts resembling metamorphic and plutonic basement rocks in the northwestern part of the thesis area.The Swauk Formation lacks clasts of Chiwaukum Schist that would be ex- pected from source areas to the east and northeast.The Oligocene (?) Mount Daniel volcanics, dominated by altered pyroclastic rocks, in- trude and unconformably overlie the Swauk Formation.The -
GEO 2008 Conference Abstracts, Bahrain GEO 2008 Conference Abstracts
GEO 2008 conference abstracts, Bahrain GEO 2008 Conference Abstracts he abstracts of the GEO 2008 Conference presentations (3-5 March 2008, Bahrain) are published in Talphabetical order based on the last name of the first author. Only those abstracts that were accepted by the GEO 2008 Program Committee are published here, and were subsequently edited by GeoArabia Editors and proof-read by the corresponding author. Several names of companies and institutions to which presenters are affiliated have been abbreviated (see page 262). For convenience, all subsidiary companies are listed as the parent company. (#117804) Sandstone-body geometry, facies existing data sets and improve exploration decision architecture and depositional model of making. The results of a recent 3-D seismic reprocessing Ordovician Barik Sandstone, Oman effort over approximately 1,800 square km of data from the Mediterranean Sea has brought renewed interest in Iftikhar A. Abbasi (Sultan Qaboos University, Oman) deep, pre-Messinian structures. Historically, the reservoir and Abdulrahman Al-Harthy (Sultan Qaboos targets in the southern Mediterranean Sea have been the University, Oman <[email protected]>) Pliocene-Pleistocene and Messinian/Pre-Messinian gas sands. These are readily identifiable as anomalousbright The Lower Paleozoic siliciclastics sediments of the amplitudes on the seismic data. The key to enhancing the Haima Supergroup in the Al-Haushi-Huqf area of cen- deeper structure is multiple and noise attenuation. The tral Oman are subdivided into a number of formations Miocene and older targets are overlain by a Messinian- and members based on lithological characteristics of aged, structurally complex anhydrite layer, the Rosetta various rock sequences. -
Structural Modeling Based on Sequential Restoration of Gravitational Salt Deformation in the Santos Basin (Brazil)
Marine and Petroleum Geology xxx (2012) 1e17 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Marine and Petroleum Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpetgeo Structural modeling based on sequential restoration of gravitational salt deformation in the Santos Basin (Brazil) Sávio Francis de Melo Garcia a,*, Jean Letouzey b, Jean-Luc Rudkiewicz b, André Danderfer Filho c, Dominique Frizon de Lamotte d a Petrobras E&P-EXP, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil b IFP Energies Nouvelles, France c Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto/MG, Brazil d Université de Cergy-Pontoise, France article info abstract Article history: The structural restoration of two parallel cross-sections in the central portion of the Santos Basin enables Received 8 December 2010 a first understanding of existent 3D geological complexities. Santos Basin is one of the most proliferous Received in revised form basins along the South Atlantic Brazilian margin. Due to the halokinesis, geological structures present 22 November 2011 significant horizontal tectonic transport. The two geological cross-sections extend from the continental shelf Accepted 2 February 2012 to deep waters, in areas where salt tectonics is simple enough to be solved by 2D restoration. Such cross- Available online xxx sections display both extensional and compressional deformation. Paleobathymetry, isostatic regional compensation, salt volume control and overall aspects related to structural style were used to constrain basic Keywords: fl Salt tectonics boundary conditions. Several restoration -
Part 3: Normal Faults and Extensional Tectonics
12.113 Structural Geology Part 3: Normal faults and extensional tectonics Fall 2005 Contents 1 Reading assignment 1 2 Growth strata 1 3 Models of extensional faults 2 3.1 Listric faults . 2 3.2 Planar, rotating fault arrays . 2 3.3 Stratigraphic signature of normal faults and extension . 2 3.4 Core complexes . 6 4 Slides 7 1 Reading assignment Read Chapter 5. 2 Growth strata Although not particular to normal faults, relative uplift and subsidence on either side of a surface breaking fault leads to predictable patterns of erosion and sedi mentation. Sediments will fill the available space created by slip on a fault. Not only do the characteristic patterns of stratal thickening or thinning tell you about the 1 Figure 1: Model for a simple, planar fault style of faulting, but by dating the sediments, you can tell the age of the fault (since sediments were deposited during faulting) as well as the slip rates on the fault. 3 Models of extensional faults The simplest model of a normal fault is a planar fault that does not change its dip with depth. Such a fault does not accommodate much extension. (Figure 1) 3.1 Listric faults A listric fault is a fault which shallows with depth. Compared to a simple planar model, such a fault accommodates a considerably greater amount of extension for the same amount of slip. Characteristics of listric faults are that, in order to maintain geometric compatibility, beds in the hanging wall have to rotate and dip towards the fault. Commonly, listric faults involve a number of en echelon faults that sole into a lowangle master detachment. -
The Geology of the Enosburg Area, Vermont
THE GEOLOGY OF THE ENOSBURG AREA, VERMONT By JOlIN G. DENNIS VERMONT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. DOLL, State Geologist Published by VERMONT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT MONTPELIER, VERMONT BULLETIN No. 23 1964 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT 7 INTRODUCTION ...................... 7 Location ........................ 7 Geologic Setting .................... 9 Previous Work ..................... 10 Method of Study .................... 10 Acknowledgments .................... 10 Physiography ...................... 11 STRATIGRAPHY ...................... 12 Introduction ...................... 12 Pinnacle Formation ................... 14 Name and Distribution ................ 14 Graywacke ...................... 14 Underhill Facics ................... 16 Tibbit Hill Volcanics ................. 16 Age......................... 19 Underhill Formation ................... 19 Name and Distribution ................ 19 Fairfield Pond Member ................ 20 White Brook Member ................. 21 West Sutton Slate ................... 22 Bonsecours Facies ................... 23 Greenstones ..................... 24 Stratigraphic Relations of the Greenstones ........ 25 Cheshire Formation ................... 26 Name and Distribution ................ 26 Lithology ...................... 26 Age......................... 27 Bridgeman Hill Formation ................ 28 Name and Distribution ................ 28 Dunham Dolomite .................. 28 Rice Hill Member ................... 29 Oak Hill Slate (Parker Slate) .............. 29 Rugg Brook Dolomite (Scottsmore -
The Confusion Range, West-Central Utah: Fold-Thrust Deformation and a Western Utah Thrust Belt in the Sevier Hinterland
The Confusion Range, west-central Utah: Fold-thrust deformation and a western Utah thrust belt in the Sevier hinterland David C. Greene* Department of Geosciences, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, USA ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION tions together while delineating the lateral and oblique thrust ramps that form a signifi cant The Confusion Range in west-central Utah The Confusion Range is a collection of ridges complicating factor in the structure of the fold- has been considered a broad structural trough and small ranges that together form a low moun- thrust system. Together, these fi ve cross sections or synclinorium with little overall shorten- tain range in western Utah, between the more total almost 300 km in map length. Enlarged ing. However, new structural studies indicate imposing Snake Range on the west and House versions of the cross sections at a scale of that the Confusion Range is more accurately Range on the east (Figs. 1 and 2). The range is 1:50,000, along with a discussion of the petro- characterized as an east-vergent, fold-thrust named for its “rugged isolation and confusing leum potential of the region, may be found in system with ~10 km of horizontal shortening topography” (Van Cott, 1990). The Confusion Greene and Herring (2013). during Late Jurassic to Eocene Cordilleran Range exposes ~5000 m of Ordovician through Similar structural style and fold-thrust struc- contractional deformation. For this study, Triassic strata in what has been considered a tures are continuous southward throughout the four balanced and retrodeformable cross broad structural trough or synclinorium (e.g., length of the originally proposed synclinorium, sections across the Confusion Range and Hose, 1977; Anderson, 1983; Hintze and Davis, forming a fold-thrust belt more than 130 km in adjacent Tule Valley were constructed using 2003; Rowley et al., 2009). -
The Origin and Evolution of the Southern Snake Range Decollement, East Central Nevada Allen J
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Dayton University of Dayton eCommons Geology Faculty Publications Department of Geology 2-1993 The Origin and Evolution of the Southern Snake Range Decollement, East Central Nevada Allen J. McGrew University of Dayton, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/geo_fac_pub Part of the Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Geophysics and Seismology Commons, Glaciology Commons, Hydrology Commons, Other Environmental Sciences Commons, Paleontology Commons, Sedimentology Commons, Soil Science Commons, Stratigraphy Commons, and the Tectonics and Structure Commons eCommons Citation McGrew, Allen J., "The Origin and Evolution of the Southern Snake Range Decollement, East Central Nevada" (1993). Geology Faculty Publications. 29. https://ecommons.udayton.edu/geo_fac_pub/29 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Geology at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. TECTONICS, VOL. 12, NO. 1, PAGES 21-34, FEBRUARY 1993 THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF INTRODUCTION THE SOUTHERN SNAKE RANGE The origin,kinematic significance and geometrical evolu- DECOLLEMENT, EAST CENTRAL tion of shallowlyinclined normal fault systemsare NEVADA fundamentalissues in extensionaltectonics. Regionally extensivefaults that juxtapose nonmetamorphic sedimentary Allen J. McGrew1 rocksin theirhanging walls againstplastically deformed Departmentof Geology,Stanford University, Stanford, crystallinerocks in their footwallscommand special California attentionbecause they offer rare opportunitiesto characterize kinematiclinkages between contrasting structural levels. Thesefaults, commonly known as detachmentfaults, are the Abstract.Regional and local stratigraphic, metamorphic, subjectsof muchcontroversy. -
Seismic Investigation Ofthe Buried Horst Between the Jornada Del Muerto and Mesilla Ground-Water Basins Near Lascruces, Dona Ana County, New Mexico
SEISMIC INVESTIGATION OFTHE BURIED HORST BETWEEN THE JORNADA DEL MUERTO AND MESILLA GROUND-WATER BASINS NEAR LASCRUCES, DONA ANA COUNTY, NEW MEXICO SANAUGUST1N PASS/ FEET -5,500 FLUVIAL FACIES FLOOD-PLAIN DEPOSITS 3,000 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4147 Prepared in cooperation with the CITY OF LAS CRUCES and the NEW MEXICO STATE ENGINEER OFFICE Albuquerque, New Mexico 1997 SEISMIC INVESTIGATION OF THE BURIED HORST BETWEEN THE JORNADA DEL MUERTO AND MESILLA GROUND-WATER BASINS NEAR LAS CRUCES, DONA ANA COUNTY, NEW MEXICO By Dennis G. Woodward and Robert G. Myers U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 97 4147 Prepared in cooperation with the CITY OF LAS CRUCES and the NEW MEXICO STATE ENGINEER OFFICE Albuquerque, New Mexico 1997 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Water Resources Division Box 25286 4501 Indian School Road NE, Suite 200 Denver, CO 80225-0286 Albuquerque, NM 87110-3929 CONTENTS Page Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction -
Tectonic Features of the Precambrian Belt Basin and Their Influence on Post-Belt Structures
... Tectonic Features of the .., Precambrian Belt Basin and Their Influence on Post-Belt Structures GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 866 · Tectonic Features of the · Precambrian Belt Basin and Their Influence on Post-Belt Structures By JACK E. HARRISON, ALLAN B. GRIGGS, and JOHN D. WELLS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER X66 U N IT ED STATES G 0 V ERN M EN T P R I NT I N G 0 F F I C E, \VAS H I N G T 0 N 19 7 4 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 74-600111 ) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. GO\·ernment Printing Office 'Vashington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents (paper cO\·er) Stock Number 2401-02554 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract................................................. 1 Phanerozoic events-Continued Introduction . 1 Late Mesozoic through early Tertiary-Continued Genesis and filling of the Belt basin . 1 Idaho batholith ................................. 7 Is the Belt basin an aulacogen? . 5 Boulder batholith ............................... 8 Precambrian Z events . 5 Northern Montana disturbed belt ................. 8 Phanerozoic events . 5 Tectonics along the Lewis and Clark line .............. 9 Paleozoic through early Mesozoic . 6 Late Cenozoic block faults ........................... 13 Late Mesozoic through early Tertiary . 6 Conclusions ............................................. 13 Kootenay arc and mobile belt . 6 References cited ......................................... 14 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURES 1-4. Maps: 1. Principal basins of sedimentation along the U.S.-Canadian Cordillera during Precambrian Y time (1,600-800 m.y. ago) ............................................................................................... 2 2. Principal tectonic elements of the Belt basin reentrant as inferred from the sedimentation record ............ -
Structural and Metamorphic Investigation of the Cathedral Rock – Drew Hill Area, Olary Domain, South Australia
STRUCTURAL AND METAMORPHIC INVESTIGATION OF THE CATHEDRAL ROCK – DREW HILL AREA, OLARY DOMAIN, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Jonathan Clark (B.Sc.) Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Adelaide This thesis is submitted as a partial fulfilment for the Honours Degree of a Bachelor of Science November 1999 Australian National Grid Reference (SI 54-2) 1:250 000 i ABSTRACT The Cathedral Rock – Drew Hill area represents a typical Proterozoic high-grade gneiss terrain, and provides an excellent basis for the study of the structural and metamorphic geology in early earth history. Rocks from this are comprised of Willyama Supergroup metasediments, which have been subjected to polydeformation. The highly strained nature of the area has been attributed to three deformations. These have been superimposed into a single structure, the Cathedral Rock synform, which represents a second-generation fold that refolds the F1 axial surface. Pervasive deformation with a northwest transport direction firstly resulted in the formation of a thin-skinned duplex terrain. Crustal thickening in the middle to lower crust led to the reactivation of basement normal faults in a reverse sense. Further compression, led to more intense folding and thrusting associated with the later part of the Olarian Orogeny. Strain analysis has shown that the region of greatest strain occurs between the Cathedral Rock and Drew Hill shear zones. Cross section restoration showed that this area has undergone approximately 65% shortening. Further analysis showed that strain fluctuated across the area and was affected by the competence of different lithologies and the degree of recrystallisation. ii Contents Abstract (ii) List of Plates, Tables and Figures (v) Acknowledgments (vi) CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION 1 1.1.