THE 2005 YEAR'S WORK IN such investigations may yield additional information on the topics, new questions LINGUISTICS IN or new probes into similar data may be preferable. Pranee Kullavanijaya1 Introduction Abstract

The year's work in linguistics in Thailand A study of Thai linguistics works in 2005 for 2005 is intended to give an overview of shows that most are MA. theses and linguistics studies and reveal research doctoral dissertations done by Thai directions and significant contributions by students in five universities in Thailand Thai scholars in this field. and a few universities in the U.S.. and the UK.. Only three works analyse foreign The works studied were collected with the languages, while the rest investigate the help of three former Ph.D students 2 in Thai dialect. Five main areas are linguistics m the Department of identified: sound and orthography, Linguistics, Chulalongkorn University, sociolinguistics, utterance semantics, from three mam sources: university lexical semantics and syntax-semantic websites, academic journals, and interface. More works focus on the last university libraries. The titles of the works two areas. With regard to the frameworks and abstracts were gathered first, after used in the analyses, pragmatics, which the full texts were read, if available, discourse, and speech acts are found most and a summary of each was written. It was often. Several topics such as village names, found that almost all the relevant research politeness, and slang, which have been was produced by linguistics graduates at studied previously, were investigated the Master's and doctoral levels from five again in 2005 with different locations or universities in Thailand: Chulalongkorn, different groups of speakers. Although

1 Emeritus Professor, Department of 2 They are Dr. Phinnarat Akharawatthanakun, Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn Dr. Nunghatai Rangponsumrit, and University, Bangkok, Thailand. Dr. Phanintra Teeranon.

Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access MANUSYA: Journal ofHumanities (Special Issue No. 13. 2007)

Thammasat, Kasetsart, Mahidol, and "Year's Work" is an attempt to . 3 Prmce of Songkhla. this problem to a certain extent

It must be noted from the beginning that Works on Sounds and despite our attempt, we could not acquire Orthography some works, especially dissertations produced at universities abroad. We also Linguistics works from 2005 excluded some of them from our study if the abstracts were unclear. However, we orthography, lexical semantics, still put these works in our references so semantics interface, utterance that their contributions can be recognized and socio-linguistics. These and studied later if so desired. discussed in turn below.

Compared to several other fields in the Works in the area of sounds can be humanities, researchers in general linguistics sub-divided. The first sub-division and in Thai linguistics are more active in contributing to the field. Although some between spelling and pronunciation. papers are not based on full research in a papers by members strict sense, they ask interesting questions Institute, Nacaskul and provide some answers which may inspire deep and fulJ stUdies later. representation of English loan Mrds Thai written forms. The rules ol' Most of the works studied were written in "Thaiization" given by the Royal Thai Thai, with abstracts written in English. Institute do not correspond well with the This practice limits the exchange of ideas common pronunciations of some English

with linguists who do not read Thai. This loanwords. The Thai written forms "lfln

d ~ for "Coke" and "I~ 'W 'I'l " for "tent" must be 3 Several linguistics works were also produced by graduates from the Thai departments of pronounced as /khook/ and /ten/ according these five universities in Thailand, as well as from universities abroad, especially from U.S. to the Thai orthographic system. not universities.

134 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access The 2005 Year's Work in Linguistics in Thailand

the kind mentioned by Nacaskul. The proposal only serves to make the ponounciations. Nacaskul proposed that shortening of the vowels clearer. This k Royal Thai Institute be aware of the proposal is arguable because, in words common pronunciation of English loan where length is not phonemic, the speakers 10rds in Thai and that the Institute have the option of lengthening or reconsider the use of tone markers and the shortening vowel length and they usually ,d" marker in the spelling of loanwords so know when to shorten or lengthen vowels as to avoid unnecessary confusion between without any markers. Bhandhumedha spelling and pronunciation. (2005) used the accentual system in Thai to explain vowel reduction in the first Another three papers, by Kanjanavan and syllable of some Thai words and the Bhandhumedha, deal with the transcribing various pronunciations of Pali-Sanskrit ofvowel length in dead syllables and the loanwords in Thai, including newly coined inconsistency in spelling as a result of the Thai words. Thai accentual system. In one of her two

papers, Kanjanavan observed that there Two papers dealing with the way in which are several ways to write Thai words in vowels illustrate the cognitive processes of English. For example, the proper name Thai speakers constitute the second 1'u 1~ty" can be transcribed as [wanphen], subdivision of works on sound. The first, by Tuaycharoen, is on the relation between romanized as "Wanphen", or built up vowel gradation and semantic implication syllable by syllable substituting English in Isaan-dialect doublets. For example, words with the same sound, as "onepen". unrounded low front vowels implied wide In her other paper, Kanjanavan ·proposed open space, extended site, or ugly big size. using the tone marker, majeek, ( ' ), to Another paper, by Awirutthiyothin, shorten a long closed syllable, as 1l'l5~ > exammes the cognitive process of Thai

' • d ~~~~ , or usmg " to mark an already speakers in Thai word games in which

d there are certain patterns of addition, short syllable, as 1'1511 > 1'1511. In both types reduction, reordering, and substitution of of syllables, there is no tonal problem of

135 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access MANUSYA: Journal ofHumanities (Special Issue No. 13. 2007)

vowel sounds. These patterns are naturally recognized by Thai children. lab) and auditory judgement to speech patterns in the political The third sub-division in the area of sounds

includes works in acoustic and auditory movements and gestures that acc~lmpllli phonetics. These include three dissertations these set speech patterns. done at American universities and to Chulalongkorn University. Kallayanamit's This linguistic work on sound in "Intonation in Standard Thai: Contours, indicates substantial interest in Registers and Boundary Tones" gave phonetics. This is probably due to acoustic information for six nine-syllable utterances in seven different contexts, such acoustic analysis which help as yes-no questions and requests. This researchers to feel confident in information can be of some use to sound• analyses. However, it must be realized synthesis research. Teeranon worked the significant contribution lies not in acoustically on three Waic dialects to see the extent to which vowels, initial interpret the results, for which consonants, final consonants, or a discussion should be encouraged. combination thereof influence pitch, and to see which of these influences were Works in lexical semantics likely to cause pitches to develop into

tonemes. Acoustic work by Onsuwan on A number of linguistic works in 2005 temporal relations between consonants and in the area of lexical semantics. ln general. vowels in Thai syllables analysed the they dealt with specific sets of words, sucla perception of time duration of consonants as color terms,

and vowels in certain types of syllables. teenagers' slang. Structural analyses ~ Again, the information produced by this these sets of words were conducted, work should benefit ongoing research on producing findings that only served to sound synthesis in Thai. The last work in confirm the structural patterns of tbe this sub-area, by Meesiangsri, is an words and/or the devices used to form tbe interesting application of acoustic

136 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access The 2005 Year 's Work in Linguistics in Thailand

4 words that were given in earlier research • and also to understand them, an ability to A cognitive approach was used, however, use synonyms, antonyms, homographemes, used in a few works. word puns, and words from the same semantic paradigm is necessary. In Two studies of village names by analyzing food names, Kormitin applied Jiranantanapon and Singhnoi and by the cognitive approach in addition to Lertchaiworakul, reveal similar structures describing them structurally. The use of of village names, with head nouns metaphor in food names either partially or followed by modifying words. completely reflects not only the Compounding and doublets are also used. ingredients of the dishes but also the belief These findings are consistent with the and wish that the dishes may bring good earlier research findings of the lexical health. structures of village names in other areas in Thailand. Works on the syntax-semantics interface Studies of teenagers' slang by Sukmuen and Banditpak; slogans in television Classification of word categories and advertisements by Kasemsuwan, and grammatical categories usually requires language in radio advertisements by the use of syntax-semantics analysis. In Antarasena et al. had similar objectives: analyzing classifiers m Thai, analyzing the structure of the constructions Jaturongkachoke (2005) argued that the and finding devices that form the cognitive approach could explain why the constructions. The common devices same classifiers are used for nouns include syllable clipping, synonymous signifying entirely different shapes. doublets, word borrowings, rhyming and Shapes or sizes of the entities are therefore new coinage. To understand Thai riddles, not the criteria used to groups nouns, as Thima claims that certain presupposed previously claimed. Rather, she argued, information is required. To make riddles the use of the entities determined the grouping. Unfortunately, the explanation 4 See, for example, Somsong Burusphat et al., of the classifier /baj/ she used as an The Status of Research in Linguistic in Thailand (2506 - 2536). example may raise some doubts. The

137 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access MANUSYA: Journal ofHumanities (Special Issue No. 13. 2007)

explanation that /baj/ is used for container aspect classes were nouns such as glasses, boxes, or plates, is alternating intransitive well accepted, but to say that this use is an transitory state, inherent extension of /baj/, a classifier for flat accomplishment, achievement, things such as leaves, is doubtful. One semelfactive. Three aspect markers, may argue that /baj/ for flat things is more /kamlaiJ/ and /yuu/ were studied recent and is probably derived from the regard to their occurrences in repetition of the first syllable in /baj maj/ aforementioned six classes of aspect. "leaf'. Repetition of a noun as a classifier is not uncommon, and it is usually recognized as a recent classifier formation. was studied by Rangkupan syntactic and semantic Aspect was once a topic hardly touched on Syntactically, epistemic modality is seriously by Thai researchers. Recently, expressed by four types of epistemic however, more serious work has been markers: preverbal auxiliaries, sentence done on this topic since Boonyapatipark beginning particles, sentence final (1983), Sookgasem (1990), and particles, and adverbs. Semantically, five Kullavanijaya and Bisang (2004). In 2005, types of epistemic meaning are identified: two studies were produced in connection speculative, deductive, assumptive, with aspect m Thai. Koenig and dubitative and certainty. Muansuwan's "The Syntax of Aspect in Thai" (2005) studied whether the semantic Utterance semantics structure of aspect in Thai was isomorphic to the syntactic structure. They concluded Utterance semantics is a covering term that the two structures were of different used for works focusing on the level of the levels and were interindependent. The sentence and above. Most of the works at other research was a Master's thesis by this level employ a pragmatic approach or Tansiri entitled "Interactions between a discourse analysis framework; hence the Grammatical Aspect and Lexical Aspect: term semantics in "Utterance semantics". A Case Study of Alternating Intransitive Constructions in Thai" (2005). Six lexical

138 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access The 2005 Year's Work in Linguistics in Thailand

The first group of works considered under doublets, clipped words, and polysemes, this heading includes research, theses, or together with special letterings, are dissertations analyzing particular types of employed to create interest and add an language usage, such as political head news, entertaining tone to the news. It is also found travelogues, and web-board language. that it was not necessary to adhere to the Usually, the works in this group give a original sports news when translating. descriptive analysis: Chittaprasartsin's Adapting of content is found, and even thesis, entitled "Some Linguistic Aspects of rewriting from variOus news sources IS Thai Law: The Criminal Code and the Civil practiced. and Commercial Code" shows that Thai legal language predominantly uses Another work describing a particular type of compound and complex constructions language is Jaroenkiatboworn's dissertation rather than simple sentences. Modifying entitled "A Discourse Analysis of Jokes in units are generally added to help clarify Thai". She showed that discourse is one of the utterances. Regarding the reference the two important devices used in telling process, the second person personal jokes. The other device is, as can be pronoun /thaan/ is widely used, as are predicted, the use of words to create ambiguity or trick the auditor into an demonstratives. Studying Thai travelogues, incorrect or unusual interpretation. The Burusphat used a text~analysis framework. dissertation pointed out that people m a She analyzed the role of time adverbial community usually assume a set of clauses and identified six functions that characteristics for a certain group of they perform in travelogues. For example, people; for example, politicians are one function is to signal that the texts are assumed to have the characteristics of travelogues; another function is to mark or being crooked, unreliable, and rather highlight certain events in a paragraph. foolish. Such set ideas form the basis for Another description of a particular type of joke making. language appears in a paper by Sittirak et al. This paper studies language used in Pongudom also chose a discourse approach translating sports news. It is found that not in analyzing cosmetics advertisements in only words or phrases with exaggerating two Thai magazines. She discovered two meanings are used in sports news but also

139 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access MANUSYA: Journal ofHumanities (Special Issue No. 13. 2007)

devices. The first one is lexical semantics: each other, the middle part, in which they using verbs meaning "beauty" modified by begin to chat, and the ending, where adverbs to intensify a beauty state. The arrangements for the next chat are made. In other device exercises pragmatic and the first two parts, various· orthographic and discourse roles such as factual statements, language devices are used to impress tbe opinions from users, leading questions, partner and to induce the partner to and metaphors and similes in connection continue chatting. The orthographic devices with "beauty". Setting up standards of show the attempt to create a virtual "being beautiful", such as "Only perfect conversation and foster a sense of intimacy. beauty counts" or "Western beauty is in Examples of the orthographic devices given fashion and can only be achieved through in the paper are the repetition of the last cosmetics", is generally used. The last letter in a word such as mlooooov or tbe work in the area of discourse is a paper by choice of informal speaking words, such as Richard Watson Todd entitled "A Fuzzy rh for rr:h. Panyametheekul observed that Approach to Discourse Topics". In order to determine topics in a discourse precisely, language used in the chatrooms might he claimed that eclectic approaches were influence later on. necessary. Six approaches were given: Certainly, the language in the chatrooms theme-rheme progression, given-new has already influenced written Thai and progression, speech act analysis, Hoey's this calls for further study. Maneechuket lexical analysis, topic-based analysis, and gave another way of looking at web-board association-based networks of concepts. language. Using Gricean maxims as a framework, she pointed out that Language used in internet chatrooms and conversations on web-boards or elsewhere web-boards has become a topic of interest. call for respecting the conversational In 2005, two papers dealt with language in maxims to maintain a happy conversation. these contexts. Panyametheekul analyzed Polite language forms and hedging are the language used in internet chatrooms among the conversational devices and revealed the outline of the chat. There examined in the paper. Another work on are, according to her, the beginning part, in web-board language was a thesis by which the chatters introduce themselves to Worapong. W orapong studied the web-

140 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access The 2005 Year 's Work in Linguistics in Thailand

board language of secondary-school Ukosakul and "Indirectness as a Politeness students. Her analysis was restricted to the Strategy of Thai Speakers" by Deeyu word level. She showed that words in the Srinarawat. Several theses and dissertations web-board were misspelt and clipped or have been and are being done in this area, abbreviated, and that borrowed words, and it is probably time for a "state of the slang, onomatopoeic words, reduplicatives, art" review of politeness in Thai to be and word puns were commonly used by conducted. secondary-school students. Works in the Socio-linguistic Another popular topic m the linguistic Area work of 2005 is related to speech acts and Levinson's politeness and indirectness Works in the socio-linguistic area in 2005 strategies. Beginning with Wilaiwan consisted of two dissertations and two Khanittanan, who provided a diachronic theses. Of these, language contact was a picture of linguistic politeness m Thai main issue discussed in three of the four from the Sukhothai period to the works. The dissertation by Praparat Ratanakosin period on the basis of the Prompapakorn, entitled "Dialect Contact development of court language and terms and New Dialect Formation in a New Thai of address, and moving on to Hongladarom Town" was particularly interesting. It and Hongladarom's study on "Politeness in seemed to open a new horizon on Thai Computer-Mediated Communication", linguistic research m Thailand. Praparat in which Internet politeness was studied, claimed that residents in Baan Khlong one can see politeness roles in the Thai Sathorn Community, who are speakers of ways of living and also how much the the central Thai dialect, the Khorat dialect, topic of linguistic politeness has initiated and the Isaan Laotian dialect, have gone various aspects of study in Thailand. In through a process of koineisation and 2005, there are, in addition to the two developed a new koine dialect for the papers aforementioned, the following community. This challenges an attestation works: "The Significance of 'Face' and and also encourages a search for other Politeness in Social Interaction Revealed koines in Thailand. through Their 'Face Idioms' by Magaret

141 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access MANUSYA: Journal ofHumanities (Special Issue No. 13. 2007)

Two works on code-switching and code• newspapers. Besides giving a rle~,~rintn ' mixing examine the contact between English of the types of words used in the neaOllDIII. and Thai. Chulipom Suaysod analysed the the thesis also points out the significaa speech of secondary-school students and of education m understanding die found that the students used English words headlines, which contain in their utterances. These included full abbreviations and clipped words. English loanwords, abbreviated English loanwords, English words with Thai Other types of work doublets and new coinages. She pointed out that female students used more English The remaining works from 2005 cover a words in their speech then male students and variety of topics. Two theses deserve special that students in higher secondary education also had a tendency to use more English linguistics. Both consisted of experimental loanwords. The other work was a research designed to discover the best dissertation on "Thai-English Code method and effective rules for identifying or Switching: a Hawai'i Case Study" by recognizing and classifying certain types of Sumittra Suraratdecha. Her findings words. Surudee Chattraimongkon worked on revealed that companng two the recognition of entity names and sociolinguistic models, markeness model Akraphon Ekwonganan on loanwords and and conversational code-switching Thai native words. However, despite these approach, the latter was more applicable to two works, research on computational her case study. At the syntactic level, she linguistics is still much lacking. found that code-switching across sentences was rare. Also, code- switching was used Comments among intimates. She concluded that social factors determined code-switching The linguistic research in 2005 studied patterns and the language forms used. The above shows that almost all the research last work in the socio-linguistic area was performed by Thai scholars and graduates Kittiwan Tepnarong' s thesis on linguistic concentrated on standard Thai dialect or features and attitudes towards language Bangkok Thai. However, there were three used in the political headlines of daily works that analy~ed foreign languages. They

142 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access The 2005 Year's Work in Linguistics in Thailand

were the dissertations on "Morphological References and Analytic Causatives in Spanish" by Antarasena, Sirilak, et al. 2005. Language Nunghatai Rangpongsumrit , "A Study of Use in the Radio Advertisements Color Terms in Thai and Vietnamese" by Nominated in the Pre-Final Rujiwan Laophairoj, and "Politeness in Selectionfor TACT Awards during Korean" by Prajuab Yimsen. I predict that 1997-2000. Sonklanakarin: Journal more work will be done on foreign of Social Sciences and Humanities languages in the future since more graduate Division of Academic Affairs, PSU programs are now being offered in many 11.2: I 65-183. foreign languages, such as Chinese, Awirutthiyothin, Tamjai. 2005a. Lariguage Japanese, French, German, and Cambodian. Play. Sonklanakarin: Journal of Also, research on typology is beginning to Social Sciences and Humanities receive more interest in the country. Division of Academic Affairs, PSU 11.3: 335-339. Also, more linguistic research has recently ---. 2005b. Kaan Tangchue Kaan Len been done in the areas of pragmatics, Thaang Phasaa Khong Khon Thai discourse, speech acts·, and sociolinguistics, (Thai Word Game Naming). Journal rather than in core areas such as formal of Social Sciences and Humanities syntax or phonetics. This trend seemingly Division of Academic Affairs, PSU makes linguistics more applicable and 1.1: 36-45. more understandable to the public in Banditpak, Thanisorn. 2005: A Study of general. Yet general research practice sti II Thai Slang in Teenagers Found in focuses on analyses of language in Entertainment Magazines, Master's different locations or of different groups of thesis, Kasetsart University, speakers using the same frameworks and Bangkok, Thailand. the same question as, and with findings Bhandhumedha, Navavan. 2005. Siang that only confirm, earlier research. New Nak Baw Kap Khamthaam Kiaw questions or new probes into similar data Kap Kham Naj Phasaa Thaj are to be desired. (Accentual System and Questions on Word Pronunciation in Thai).

143 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access MANUSYA: Journal ofHumanities (Special Issue No. 13. 2007)

The Royal Thai Institute Journal. Ekwonganan, Akarapol. 2005.ldentification 30.3: 742-753 of Thai and Transliterated Words by Boonyapatipark, Tasanalai. 1983. A Study N-Gram Models. Master's thesis, of Aspect in Thai. Doctoral Chulalongkom University, Bangkok. dissertation, University ofLondon. Thailand. Burusphat, Somsong. 2005. The Textual Hongladarorn, Krisadawan, and Sornj Functions ofTime Adverbial Clauses Hongladarom. 2005. Politeness in Thai in Thai Travelogues. Manusya: Computer-Mediated Communicatioo. Journal ofHumanities 8.1 : 1-21. In Broading the Horizon ofLinguistic Burusphat, Somsong et al. 1997. The Politeness, ed. by Robin Tolrnach Status of Research in Linguistics Lakoff and Sachiko Ide, pp. 269-7!12. in Thailand, A Research Report to Amsterdam: John Benjamins. the National Research Council of JaroenUdatbowom,ICanjana.2005.A Thailand for the Fiscal Year 1994. Discourse Analysis of Jokes in Thai. Chattrairnongkol, Surudee. 2005. Named Doctoral dissertation, Chulalongkom Entity Recognition and Classification University, Bangkok, Thailand.

in Thai. Mater's thesis, Chulal~ngkom Jaturongkachoke, }(etkanda. 2005. A Closer University, Bangkok, Thailand. Look at the Thai Classifier System. Chittaprasartsin, Pimpa. 2005. Some Journal ofLiberal Arts, Ubon Linguistic Aspects of Thai Law: The Ratchathani University 2.1:115-142. Criminal Code and the Civil and Jiranantanapon, Supattra and Unchalee Commercial Code. Master's thesis, Singnoi. 2005a. Toponyms (Village Thammasat University, Bangkok, Names) in the Lower Northern Part Thailand. of Thailand, Province. Dejnakarintra, Mongkol. 2005. Khor Sangket Journal of Language and Linguistics, Bang Prakaan Kiawkap Lak Kaan Thammasat University 24.1: 75-94. Banjat Sap (Some Observations in ___ . 2005b. Toponyms (Village Names) Connection to Word Coinage). The in the Lower Northern Part of Royal Thai InstitUte Journal. 30.1: Thailand, Province. Journal

39-57~ of Humanities, University 2.1:29-44.

144 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access The 2005 Year's Work in Linguistics in Thailand

Kallayanamit, Saovapak. 2005 . Intonation in Kormitin, Anattaya. 2005. A Cognitive Standard Thai: Contours, Registers Semantics Study ofFood Naming in and Boundary Tones. Doctoral Thai. Master's thesis, Thammasat dissertation, Georgetown University, University, Bangkok, Thailand. Washington,DC . Kullavanijaya, Prance, and Walter Bisang. Kanjanavan, Nittaya, 2005a Tua Khian Kap 2004. Another Look at Aspect in Siang Aan (Spelling and Thai. Paper presented at the SEAL Pronunciation). The Royal Thai XI.II Conference, 19-2 1 May 2004, Institute Journal. 30.2: 44-58. Bangkok., Thailand. __. 2005b, Akkarawithii Thii Khuan Laophairoj, Rujiwan. 2005. AComparison of Plian Lae Mai Khuan Plian Thai and Vietnamese Color Terms. (Orthographic Systems Which Master's thesis, Mahidol University, Should and Should Not Be Modified). Bangkok, Thailand. The Royal Thai Institute Jotunal. 30.4: Lertchaiworakul, Nareerat. 2005. A I 048-1054. Comparison ofYillage Naming in Kasemsuwan, Pomtipar. 2005. A Linguistic Thailand. Master's thesis, Tharnmasat Analysis of Advertisement Slogans University, Bangkok, Thailand. on Television. Master's thesis, Maneechuket, Siripom. 2005. Wajana Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Patibatsart Kap Pharadornraphap: Thailand. Kaan Chaj Phasaa Naj Kradaan .Khanittanan, Wilaiwan. 2005. An Aspect of Khaaw (Pragmatics and Brotherhood: the Origins and Development of Language Use on Web-board). Linguistic Politeness in Thai. In Journal ofHumanities, Naresuan Breading the Horizon ofLinguisti c University. 2.1: 15-28. Politeness, ed. by Robin Tolmach Meesiangsri, Nawapom. 2004. A Linguistic Lakoff, and Sachiko Ide, pp. 315- and Rhetorical Analysis of Chuan 335. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Leekpai's Style of Political Oratory. Koenig, Jean-Pierre, and Nuttanart Master's thesis, Tharnmasat University, Bangkok, Thailand. Muansuwan. 2005 . The Syntax of Nacaskul, Kamchana. 2005. Kaan Thapsap Aspect in Thai. In Natural Language Kap Rabop Akharawithii Thaj and Linguistic Theory. 232: 335-380.

145 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access MANUSYA: Journal ofHumanities (Special Issue No. 13. 2007)

(Transliteration and Thai Chulalongkom University, Bangkok, Orthographic System). The Royal Thailand. Thai Institute Journal. 30.2: 554-562 Ruangjaroon, Sugunya. 2905. The Syntax of Onsuwan, Chutarnanee. 2005. Temporal Wh-Expressions as Varibles in Thai. Relations between Consonants and Doctoral dissertation, The University Vowels in Thai Syllables. Doctoral ofBritish Columbia, Vancouver, dissertation, University ofMichigan, Canada. US.A. Sittirak, Nantana et al. 2005. An Analytical Panyametheekul, Siriphom. 2005. Phasaa Naj Study of Soccer News Translation in Hong Sonthana Thaang Internet the Star's Soccer Daily Newspaper. (Language in Internet Chatroom) Sonklanakarin: Journal ofSocial Warasam Manusysart Parithat. 27: Sciences and Humanities Division of 63-67. Academic Affairs, PSU 11.2: 209- Pongudom, Ratchanin. 2005. The Relationship 232. between Language and Values on Sookgasem, Prapa (1990). Morphology, Beauty: A Study ofAdvertising Semantics, and Syntax of Auxiliaries Discourse on Cosmetics in Thai. in Thai. Doctoral dissertation, the Master's thesis, Chulalongkom University of Arizona, Tuscon. University, Bangkok, Thailand. Srinarawat, Deeyu. 2005·. Indirectness as a Prompapakorn, Praparat. 2005. Dialect Politeness Strategy of Thai Speakers. Contact and New Dialect Formation In Broading the Horizon of in a Thai New Town. Doctoral Linguistic Politeness, ed. by Robin dissertation, University ofEssex, Tolmach Lakoff, and Sachiko Ide, Colchester, United Kingdom. pp. 175-193. Amsterdam: John Rangkupan, Suda 2005. A System of Benjamins. Epistemic Modality in Thai. Manusya: Suaysod, Chulipom. 2005. The English Journal ofHumanities 8.1:51-67. Code-Mixing in Thai Speech of the

Rangpon~umrit, Nunghatai. 2005. Secondary School Students: The Morphological and Analytic Case Study of the Students in Causatives in Spanish: A Syntactico• Mattayornsuksa 3 and 6 of Semantic Study. Doctoral Dissertation, Nawaminthrachinuthit Suankularb

146 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access The 2005 Year's Work in Linguistics in Thailand

Wattayalai School in Pathumthani. Headlines in Thai Daily Newspapers. Master's thesis, Kasetsart University, Master's thesis, Thammasat Bangkok, Thailand. University, Bangkok, Thailand. *Sudmuk, Cholthicha 2005. The Syntax and Thirna, Namthip. 2005. A Comparative Study Semantics of Serial Verb of Old-Style and Modem Thai Constructions in Thai. Doctoral Riddles. Master's thesis, Thammasat dissertation, University ofTexas, University, Bangkok, Thailand. Austin. *Tirnyam, Napasri. 2005. The Interaction of Sukmuen, Nuannapha 2005. Slang from Linguistic, Pragmatic, and Socia1 Linguistic Angle. Chulasarn Thai, Factors: The Case ofDatives and Speciallssue. 43-49. Ditransitives in Thai. Doctoral Suraratdecha, Sumittra. 2005. Thai-English dissertation, University ofHawai'i, Codeswitching: A Hawai' i Case Manoa. Study. Doctoral dissertation, Todd, Richard Watson. 2005. A Fuzzy University ofHawai'i, Manoa. Approach to Discourse Topics. Tansiri, Kachen. 2005. Interactions Between Semiotica. 155.1-4 :93-123. Grammatical Aspect and Lexical Tuaycharoen, Pintip. 2005. Khwarn Aspect: A Case Study of Alternating Kiawnueng Rawaang Naj Thaang Intransitive Constructions in Thai. Khwaammaaj Kap Saphaawa Radap Master's thesis, Chulalongkom Lotlan Khong Sara Naj Kharnkhuu University, Bangkok, Thailand. Phasaa Isaan. (Relation between Teeranon, Phanintra 2005. Fundamental Vowel Gradation and Semantic Frequency Behavior ofVowels Implication in Jsaan Dialect Influenced by Phonetic Contexts in Doublets). Journal ofLanguage and Waic Languages: Implications for linguistics .Thammasat University. Tonogenesis Theories. Doctoral 24.1:59-75. dissertation, Chulalongkom University, Ukosakul, Margaret. 2005. The Significance Bangkok, Thailand. of"Face" and Politeness in Social Tepnarong, Kittiwan. 2005. Linguistic Interaction as Revealed through Thai Features of and Attitudes towards "Face" Idioms. In Broading the Language Used in Political Horizon of Linguistic Politeness, ed.

Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access MANUSYA: Journal ofHumanities (Special Issue No. 13. 2007)

By Robin Tohnach Lakoff, and Sachiko Ide, pp. 117-125. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Worapong, Kantipa. 2005. Language Used on the Webboard by Students in Secondary Schools. Master's thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. Yimsen, Pracbuab, 2005. Kaan Sadeang

Khw~ Suphaap Naj Phaasa Kawlii (Politeness in Korean). Journal ofHumanities & Social Sciences, PSU l.l: 36-45

*Indicates a thesis or a dissertation not available at the time of study.

148 Downloaded from Brill.com10/10/2021 08:59:23AM via free access