Evaluation of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) autochthonous Serbian germplasm in pre-breeding

Dejan Sokolović1, Snežana Babić1, Jasmina Radović1, Mirjana Petrović1, Goran Jevtić1, Zoran Lugić1, Aleksandar Simić2 1Institute for Forage Crops, Globoder, 37251 Kruševac, ; 2Belgrade University, Faculty of Agriculture, 11070 Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia Dactylis glomerata collection formed from 2006 to2009 at altitude between 600 and 1600m

22 accessions of autochthonous populations with late maturity and the robust habitus of plants Spaced plant nursery 30 plants per population Two standard cultivars K40 (Serbia) and Hallmark (USA) Traits Plant height Heading date Leaf length Leaf width Leaf number Generative tillers number Vegetative tillers number CPC Total tillers number NDF Dry matter yield in first cut ADF Dry matter yield in total ADL Leaf share

Basic parameters of ANOVA Regression analyses variability PCA Cluster analysis

Evaluation of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) autochthonous Serbian germplasm in pre-breeding Very high within and among population variability

Differences in heading date between the latest populations and the Serbian cultivar K-40 - more than 20 days . The average HD of the collection was 37.47

Regression analysis of DMY and heading date

280 Maljen 1 260 Suvobor 1 Yield dropped with lateness 240 K40 Suvobor 2

220 Golija 1 Tupižnica 200 Rudnik Some populations showed high Halmark 180 Homolje Sjenica DMY and lateness at the same time Rtanj 2 DMY 160 Javor Maljen 2 Ćelije Rtanj1 Povlen 2 Maljen 3 140 Povlen 1 Maljen 1, Golija 1, Suvobor 1 and 120 Južni Kučaj 2 Radočelo even Kopaonik can be used directly 100 Južni Kučaj1 for population improvement 80 Golija 2

Regresion equation = 284.0185-3.0956*x toward new medium-late cultivars 60 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46

Heading date Principal component analysis Populations Kopaonik, Maljen 2 and Golija 1 are promising for both maturity and productivity, but since they are located in direction of trait vectors for ADF and NDF and opposite of CPC vector, their DM quality needs improvement

1,0 VT CPC

0,5 LS LW LL LN TN 0,0

2 : 22.08% : 2 DMY ADL

PCA PH

DMYI HD -0,5 GT

NDF ADF -1,0

-1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0

PCA1 : 34.63%

No clear differentiation between populations and standard varieties was observed. Very few matches of geographic origin and grouping of populations in cluster analysis were obtained This study resulted in the selection of genotypes for further breeding of a late forage cocksfoot cultivar