JUDICIAL BRANCH

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

One First Street, NE., 20543, phone (202) 479–3000

JOHN G. ROBERTS, JR., Chief Justice of the United States, was born in Buffalo, NY, January 27, 1955. He married Jane Marie Sullivan in 1996 and they have two children, Josephine and Jack. He received an A.B. from Harvard College in 1976 and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1979. He served as a law clerk for Judge Henry J. Friendly of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1979–80 and as a law clerk for then Associate Justice William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1980 term. He was Special Assistant to the Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice from 1981–82, Associate Counsel to President Ronald Reagan, White House Coun- sel’s Office from 1982–86, and Principal Deputy Solicitor General, U.S. Department of Justice from 1989–93. From 1986–89 and 1993–2003, he practiced law in Washington, DC. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2003. President George W. Bush nominated him as Chief Justice of the United States, and he took his seat September 29, 2005. ANTONIN SCALIA, Associate Justice, was born in Trenton, NJ, March 11, 1936. He married Maureen McCarthy and has nine children, Ann Forrest, Eugene, John Francis, Catherine Elisabeth, Mary Clare, Paul David, Matthew, Christopher James, and Margaret Jane. He received his A.B. from Georgetown University and the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and his LL.B. from Harvard Law School, and was a Sheldon Fellow of Harvard University from 1960–61. He was in private practice in Cleveland, OH from 1961–67, a Professor of Law at the University of Virginia from 1967–71, and a Professor of Law at the University of Chicago from 1977–82, and a Visiting Professor of Law at Georgetown University and Stanford University. He was chairman of the American Bar Association’s Section of Adminis- trative Law, 1981–82, and its Conference of Section Chairmen, 1982–83. He served the Federal Government as General Counsel of the Office of Telecommunications Policy from 1971–72, Chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States from 1972–74, and Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel from 1974–77. He was appointed Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1982. President Reagan nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat September 26, 1986. ANTHONY M. KENNEDY, Associate Justice, was born in Sacramento, CA, July 23, 1936. He married Mary Davis and has three children. He received his B.A. from Stanford University and the London School of Economics, and his LL.B. from Harvard Law School. He was in private practice in San Francisco, CA from 1961–63, as well as in Sacramento, CA from 1963–75. From 1965 to 1988, he was a Professor of Constitutional Law at the McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific. He has served in numerous positions during his career, including a member of the California Army National Guard in 1961, the board of the Federal Judicial Center from 1987–88, and two committees of the Judicial Conference of the United States: the Advisory Panel on Financial Disclosure Reports and Judicial Activities, subsequently renamed the Advisory Committee on Codes of Conduct, from 1979–87, and the Committee on Pacific Territories from 1979–90, which he chaired from 1982–90. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 1975. President Reagan nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat February 18, 1988. CLARENCE THOMAS, Associate Justice, was born in the Pin Point community near Savannah, Georgia on June 23, 1948. He attended Conception Seminary from 1967–68 and received an A.B., cum laude, from Holy Cross College in 1971 and a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1974. He was admitted to law practice in Missouri in 1974, and served 851 852 Congressional Directory as an Assistant Attorney General of Missouri, 1974–77; an attorney with the Monsanto Com- pany, 1977–79; and Legislative Assistant to Senator John Danforth, 1979–81. From 1981– 82 he served as Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education, and as Chairman of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1982–90. From 1990– 91, he served as a Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. President Bush nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court and he took his seat October 23, 1991. He married Virginia Lamp on May 30, 1987 and has one child, Jamal Adeen by a previous marriage. RUTH BADER GINSBURG, Associate Justice, was born in Brooklyn, NY, March 15, 1933. She married Martin D. Ginsburg in 1954, and has a daughter, Jane, and a son, James. She received her B.A. from Cornell University, attended Harvard Law School, and received her LL.B. from Columbia Law School. She served as a law clerk to the Honorable Edmund L. Palmieri, Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, from 1959–61. From 1961–63, she was a research associate and then associate director of the Columbia Law School Project on International Procedure. She was a Professor of Law at Rutgers University School of Law from 1963–72, and Columbia Law School from 1972–80, and a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in Stanford, CA from 1977–78. In 1971, she was instrumental in launching the Women’s Rights Project of the American Civil Liberties Union, and served as the ACLU’s General Counsel from 1973–80, and on the National Board of Directors from 1974–80. She was appointed a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1980. President Clinton nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and she took her seat August 10, 1993. STEPHEN G. BREYER, Associate Justice, was born in San Francisco, CA, August 15, 1938. He married Joanna Hare in 1967, and has three children, Chloe, Nell, and Michael. He received an A.B. from Stanford University, a B.A. from Magdalen College, Oxford, and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School. He served as a law clerk to Justice Arthur Goldberg of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1964 term, as a Special Assistant to the Assistant U.S. Attorney General for Antitrust, 1965–67, as an Assistant Special Pros- ecutor of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force, 1973, as Special Counsel of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, 1974–75, and as Chief Counsel of the committee, 1979–80. He was an Assistant Professor, Professor of Law, and Lecturer at Harvard Law School, 1967–94, a Professor at the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government, 1977–80, and a Visiting Professor at the College of Law, Sydney, Australia and at the University of Rome. From 1980–90, he served as a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, and as its Chief Judge, 1990–94. He also served as a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States, 1990–94, and of the United States Sentencing Commission, 1985–89. President Clinton nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat August 3, 1994.

SAMUEL ANTHONY ALITO, JR., Associate Justice, was born in Trenton, NJ, April 1, 1950. He married Martha-Ann Bomgardner in 1985, and has two children, Philip and Laura. He served as a law clerk for Leonard I. Garth of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from 1976–77. He was Assistant U.S. Attorney, District of New Jersey, 1977–81, Assistant to the Solicitor General, U.S. Department of Justice, 1981–85, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice, 1985–87, and U.S. Attorney, District of New Jersey, 1987–90. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in 1990. President George W. Bush nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat January 31, 2006. SONIA SOTOMAYOR, Associate Justice, was born in Bronx, NY, June 25, 1954. She earned a B.A. in 1976 from Princeton University, graduating summa cum laude and receiving the university’s highest academic honor. In 1979, she earned a J.D. from Yale Law School where she served as an editor of the Yale Law Journal. She served as Assistant District Attorney in the New York County District Attorney’s Office from 1979–84. She then litigated international commercial matters in New York City at Pavia & Harcourt, where she served as an associate and then partner from 1984–92. In 1991, President George H.W. Bush nomi- nated her to the U.S. District Court Southern District of New York, and she served in that role from 1992–98. She served as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1998–2009. President Barack Obama nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on May 26, 2009, and she assumed this role August 8, 2009. ELENA KAGAN, Associate Justice, was born in New York, New York, on April 28, 1960. She received an A.B. from Princeton in 1981, an M.Phil. from Oxford in 1983, and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1986. She clerked for Judge Abner Mikva of Supreme Court of the United States 853 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1986–87 and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court during the 1987 Term. After briefly practicing law at a Washington, DC law firm, she became a law professor, first at the University of Chicago Law School and later at Harvard Law School. She also served for four years in the Clinton Administration, as Associate Counsel to the President and then as Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy. Between 2003 and 2009, she served as the Dean of Harvard Law School. In 2009, President Obama nominated her as the Solicitor General of the United States. A year later, the President nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on May 10, 2010. She took her seat on August 7, 2010.

RETIRED ASSOCIATE JUSTICE

SANDRA DAY O’CONNOR (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in El Paso, TX, March 26, 1930. She married John Jay O’Connor III in 1952 and has three sons, Scott, Brian, and Jay. She received her B.A. and LL.B. from Stanford University. She served as Deputy County Attorney of San Mateo County, CA from 1952–53 and as a civilian attorney for Quartermaster Market Center, Frankfurt, Germany from 1954–57. From 1958–60, she practiced law in Maryvale, AZ, and served as Assistant Attorney General of Arizona from 1965– 69. She was appointed to the Arizona State Senate in 1969 and was subsequently reelected to two two-year terms. In 1975 she was elected Judge of the Maricopa County Superior Court and served until 1979, when she was appointed to the Arizona Court of Appeals. President Reagan nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and she took her seat September 25, 1981. Justice O’Connor retired from the Supreme Court on January 31, 2006. DAVID H. SOUTER (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in Melrose, MA, September 17, 1939. He graduated from Harvard College, from which he received his A.B. After two years as a Rhodes Scholar at Magdalen College, Oxford, he received an A.B. in Jurisprudence from Oxford University and an M.A. in 1989. After receiving an LL.B. from Harvard Law School, he was an associate at Orr and Reno in Concord, NH from 1966 to 1968, when he became an Assistant Attorney General of New Hampshire. In 1971 he became Deputy Attorney General and in 1976, Attorney General of New Hampshire. In 1978 he was named an Associate Justice of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and was appointed to the Supreme Court of New Hampshire as an Associate Justice in 1983. He became a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit on May 25, 1990. President Bush nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat October 9, 1990. Justice Souter retired from the Supreme Court on June 29, 2009. JOHN PAUL STEVENS (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in Chicago, IL, April 20, 1920. He married Maryan Mulholland, and has four children, John Joseph (deceased), Kathryn, Elizabeth Jane, and Susan Roberta. He received an A.B. from the University of Chicago, and a J.D. from Northwestern University School of Law. He served in the United States Navy from 1942–45, and was a law clerk to Justice Wiley Rutledge of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1947 term. He was admitted to law practice in Illinois in 1949. He was Associate Counsel to the Subcommittee on the Study of Monopoly Power of the Judiciary Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives, 1951–52, and a member of the Attorney General’s National Committee to Study Antitrust Law, 1953–55. He was Second Vice President of the Chicago Bar Association in 1970. From 1970–75, he served as a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. President Ford nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat December 19, 1975. Justice Stevens retired from the Supreme Court on June 29, 2010. 854 Congressional Directory

Officers of the Supreme Court

Counselor to the Chief Justice.—Jeffrey P. Minear. Clerk.—Scott S. Harris. Librarian.—Linda Maslow. Marshal.—Pamela Talkin. Reporter of Decisions.—Christine L. Fallon. Court Counsel.—Ethan V. Torrey. Curator.—Catherine E. Fitts. Director of Information Technology.—Robert J. Hawkins. Public Information Officer.—Kathleen L. Arberg. UNITED STATES COURTS OF APPEALS

First Judicial Circuit (Districts of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island).—Chief Judge: Jeffrey R. Howard. Circuit Judges: Juan R. Torruella; Sandra L. Lynch; O. Rogeriee Thompson; William J. Kayatta, Jr.; David J. Barron. Senior Circuit Judges: Bruce M. Selya; Michael Boudin; Norman H. Stahl; Kermit V. Lipez. Circuit Executive: Susan J. Goldberg (617) 748–9614. Clerk: Margaret Carter (617) 748–9057, John Joseph Moakley U.S. Courthouse, One Courthouse Way, Suite 2500, Boston, MA 02210. Second Judicial Circuit (Districts of Connecticut, New York, and Vermont).—Chief Judge: Robert A. Katzmann. Circuit Judges: Jose´ A. Cabranes; Susan L. Carney; Denny Chin; Christopher F. Droney; Peter W. Hall; Dennis Jacobs; Robert A. Katzmann; Debra A. Livingston; Raymond J. Lohier; Gerard E. Lynch; Rosemary S. Pooler; Reena Raggi; Richard C. Wesley. Senior Judges: Giudo Calabresi; Amalya L. Kearse; Pierre N. Leval; Jon O. Newman; Barrington D. Parker, Jr.; Robert D. Sack; Chester J. Straub; John M. Walker, Jr.; Ralph K. Winter. Circuit Executive: Karen Greve Milton. Clerk: Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe (212) 857–8700, Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, New York, NY 10007–1581. Third Judicial Circuit (Districts of Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virgin Islands).— Chief Judge: Theodore A. McKee. Circuit Judges: Thomas L. Ambro; Julio M. Fuentes; D. Brooks Smith; D. Michael Fisher; Michael A. Chagares; Kent A. Jordan; Thomas M. Hardiman; Joseph A. Greenaway, Jr.; Thomas I. Vanaskie; Patty Shwartz; Cheryl Ann Krause. Senior Circuit Judges: Leonard I. Garth; Dolores K. Sloviter; Walter K. Stapleton; Morton I. Greenberg; Anthony J. Scirica; Robert E. Cowen; Richard L. Nygaard; Jane R. Roth; Marjorie O. Rendell; Maryanne Trump Barry; Franklin S. VanAntwerpen. Circuit Executive: Margaret A. Wiegand (215) 597–0718. Clerk: Marcia M. Waldron (215) 597– 2995, U.S. Courthouse, 601 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Fourth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia).—Chief Judge: William B. Traxler, Jr. Circuit Judges: J. Harvie Wilkinson III; Paul V. Niemeyer; Diana Gribbon Motz; Robert B. King; Roger L. Gregory; Dennis W. Shedd; Allyson K. Duncan; G. Steven Agee; Barbara Milano Keenan; James A. Wynn, Jr.; Albert Diaz; Henry F. Floyd; Stephanie D. Thacker; Pamela A. Harris. Senior Circuit Judges: Clyde H. Hamilton; Andre M. Davis. Circuit Executive: Samuel W. Phillips (804) 916–2184. Clerk: Patricia S. Connor (804) 916–2700, Lewis F. Powell, Jr. U.S. Courthouse Annex, 1100 E. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23219. Fifth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas).—Chief Judge: Carl E. Stewart. Circuit Judges: E. Grady Jolly; W. Eugene Davis; Edith H. Jones; Jerry E. Smith; James L. Dennis; Edith Brown Clement; Edward C. Prado; Priscilla R. Owen; Jennifer Walker Elrod; Leslie H. Southwick; Catharina Haynes; James E. Graves, Jr.; Stephen A. Higginson; Gregg J. Costa. Senior Circuit Judges: Thomas M. Reavley; Carolyn Dineen King, Patrick E. Higginbotham; John M. Duhe´, Jr.; Jacques L. Wiener, Jr.; Rhesa H. Barksdale; Fortunato P. Benavides. Circuit Executive: Paul Benjamin Anderson, Jr. (504) 310–7777. Clerk: Lyle W. Cayce (504) 310–7700, John Minor Wisdom U.S. Court of Appeals Building, 600 Camp Street, New Orleans, LA 70130–3425. Sixth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee).—Chief Judge: R. Guy Cole, Jr. Circuit Judges: Danny J. Boggs; Alice M. Batchelder; Karen Nelson Moore; Eric Lee Clay; Julia Smith Gibbons; John M. Rogers; Jeffrey S. Sutton; Deborah L. Cook; David W. McKeague; Richard Allen Griffin; Raymond M. Kethledge; Helene N. White; Jane B. Stranch; Bernice Bouie Donald. Senior Circuit Judges: Damon J. Keith; Gilbert S. Merritt; Ralph B. Guy; Alan E. Norris; Richard F. Suhrheinrich; Eugene E. Siler, Jr.; Martha Craig Daughtrey; Ronald Lee Gilman. Circuit Executive: Clarence Maddox (513) 564–7200. Clerk: Deborah Hunt (513) 564–7000, Potter Stewart U.S. Courthouse, 100 E. Fifth Street, Cincinnati, OH 45202. Seventh Judicial Circuit (Districts of Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin).—Chief Judge: Diane P. Wood. Circuit Judges: Richard A. Posner; Joel M. Flaum; Frank H. Easterbrook; Michael 855 856 Congressional Directory

S. Kanne; Ilana Diamond Rovner; Ann Claire Williams; Diane S. Sykes; David F. Hamilton. Senior Circuit Judges: William J. Bauer; Richard D. Cudahy; Kenneth F. Ripple; Daniel A. Manion. Circuit Executive: Collins T. Fitzpatrick (312) 435–5803. Clerk: Gino J. Agnello (312) 435–5850, 2722 U.S. Courthouse, 219 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60604. Eighth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota).—Chief Judge: William Jay Riley. Circuit Judges: Roger L. Wollman; James B. Loken; Diana E. Murphy; Lavenski R. Smith; Steven M. Colloton; Raymond W. Gruender; Duane Benton; Bobby E. Shepherd; Jane L. Kelly. Senior Circuit Judges: Myron H. Bright; Pasco M. Bowman II; C. Arlen Beam; Morris S. Arnold; Kermit E. Bye; Michael J. Melloy. Circuit Executive: Millie Adams (314) 244–2600. Clerk: Michael E. Gans (314) 244–2400, 111 S. Tenth Street, Suite 24.329, St. Louis, MO 63102. Ninth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Alaska, Arizona, Central California, Eastern California, Northern California, Southern California, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Northern Mariana Islands, Oregon, Eastern Washington, Western Washington).—Chief Judge: Sidney R. Thomas. Circuit Judges: Harry Pregerson; Stephen R. Reinhardt; Alex Kozinski; Diarmuid F. O’Scannlain; Barry G. Silverman; Susan P. Graber; M. Margaret McKeown; Kim McLane Wardlaw; William A. Fletcher; Ronald M. Gould; Richard A. Paez; Marsha L. Berzon; Richard C. Tallman; Johnnie B. Rawlinson; Richard R. Clifton; Jay S. Bybee; Consuelo M. Callahan; Carlos T. Bea; Milan D. Smith, Jr.; Sandra S. Ikuta; N. Randy Smith; Mary H. Murguia; Morgan Christen; Jacqueline H. Nguyen; Paul J. Watford; Andrew D. Hurwitz; John B. Owens; Michelle T. Friedland. Senior Circuit Judges: Alfred T. Goodwin; J. Clifford Wallace; Procter R. Hug, Jr.; Mary M. Schroeder; J. Jerome Farris; Dorothy W. Nelson; William C. Canby, Jr.; John T. Noonan, Jr.; Edward Leavy; Stephen S. Trott; Ferdinand F. Fernandez; Andrew J. Kleinfeld; Michael D. Hawkins; A. Wallace Tashima; Raymond C. Fisher. Circuit and Court of Appeals Executive: Cathy A. Catterson (415) 355–8800, Clerk: Molly C. Dwyer (415) 355–8000, P.O. Box 193939, San Francisco, CA 94119–3939. Tenth Judicial Circuit (Districts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming).—Chief Judge: Timothy M. Tymkovich. Circuit Judges: Paul J. Kelly, Jr.; Mary Beck Briscoe; Carlos F. Lucero; Harris L Hartz; Neil M. Gorsuch; Jerome A. Holmes; Scott M. Matheson, Jr.; Robert E. Bacharach; Gregory A. Phillips, Carolyn B. McHugh, Nancy L. Moritz. Senior Circuit Judges: Monroe G. McKay; Stephanie K. Seymour; John C. Porfilio; Bobby R. Baldock; David M. Ebel; Michael R. Murphy; Terrence L. O’Brien. Circuit Executive: David Tighe (303) 844–2067. Clerk: Betsy Shumaker (303) 844–3157, Byron White United States Courthouse, 1823 Stout Street, Denver, CO 80257. Eleventh Judicial Circuit (Districts of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia).—Chief Judge: Ed Carnes. Circuit Judges: Gerald Bard Tjoflat; Frank M. Hull; Stanley Marcus; Charles R. Wilson; William H. Pryor, Jr.; Beverly B. Martin; Adalberto Jorda´n; Robin S. Rosenbaum; Julie E. Carnes; Jill A. Pryor. Senior Circuit Judges: James C. Hill; Peter T. Fay; Phyllis A. Kravitch; R. Lanier Anderson III; J. L. Edmondson; Emmett R. Cox; Joel F. Dubina; Susan H. Black. Circuit Executive: James P. Gerstenlauer (404) 335–6535. Clerk: Douglas J. Mincher (404) 335–6100, 56 Forsyth Street, NW., Atlanta, GA 30303. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT

333 Constitution Avenue, NW., 20001, phone (202) 216–7300

MERRICK BRIAN GARLAND, chief circuit judge; born in Chicago, IL, 1952; A.B., Harvard University, 1974, summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, Paul Revere Frothingham Award and Richard Perkins Parker Award; J.D., Harvard Law School, 1977, magna cum laude, articles editor, Harvard Law Review; law clerk to Judge Henry J. Friendly, U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2d Circuit, 1977–78; law clerk to Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., U.S. Supreme Court, 1978–79; Special Assistant to the Attorney General, 1979–81; asso- ciate then partner, Arnold and Porter, Washington, DC, 1981–89; Assistant U.S. Attorney, Washington, DC, 1989–92; partner, Arnold and Porter, 1992–93; Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1993–94; Principal Associate Deputy Attorney General, 1994–97; Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School, 1985–86. Edmund J. Randolph Award, U.S. Department of Justice, 1997. Admitted to the bars of the District of Columbia; U.S. District Court; Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit; U.S. Courts of Appeals for the 4th, 9th, and 10th Circuits; and U.S. Supreme Court. Author: Antitrust and State Action, 96 Yale Law Journal 486 (1987); Antitrust and Federalism, 96 Yale Law Journal 1291 (1987); Deregulation and Judicial Review, 98 Harvard Law Review 505 (1985); co-chair, Administrative Law Section, District of Columbia Bar, 1991–94; President, Board of Overseers, Harvard University, 2009–10, member, 2003–09; American Law Institute; U.S. Judicial Conference Executive Committee, 2013-present, Committee on Judicial Security, 2008– 13, Committee on the Judicial Branch, 2001–05; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on April 9, 1997.

KAREN LECRAFT HENDERSON, circuit judge. [Biographical information not supplied, per Judge Henderson’s request.] JUDITH W. ROGERS, circuit judge; born in New York, NY; A.B. (with honors), Radcliffe College, 1961; Phi Beta Kappa honors member; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1964; LL.M., University of Virginia School of Law, 1988; law clerk, D.C. Juvenile Court, 1964–65; assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1965–68; trial attorney, San Francisco Neighbor- hood Legal Assistance Foundation, 1968–69; Attorney, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Associate Deputy Attorney General and Criminal Division, 1969–71; General Counsel, Congressional Commission on the Organization of the D.C. Government, 1971–72; legislative assistant to D.C. Mayor Walter E. Washington, 1972–79; Corporation Counsel for the District of Columbia, 1979–83; trustee, Radcliffe College, 1982–90; member of Visiting Committee to Harvard Law School, 1984–90 and 2006–11; appointed by President Reagan to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals as an Associate Judge on September 15, 1983; served as Chief Judge, November 1, 1988 to March 17, 1994; appointed by President Clinton to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on March 18, 1994, and entered on duty March 21, 1994; member of Executive Committee, Conference of Chief Justices, 1993–94; member, U.S. Judicial Conference Committee on the Codes of Conduct, 1998– 2004. DAVID S. TATEL, circuit judge; born in Washington, DC, March 16, 1942; son of Molly and Dr. Howard Tatel (both deceased); married to the former Edith Bassichis, 1965; children: Rebecca, Stephanie, Joshua, and Emily; grandchildren: Olivia, Maya, Olin, Reuben, Rae, Cameron, Ozzie, and Daria; B.A., University of Michigan, 1963; J.D., University of Chicago Law School, 1966; instructor, University of Michigan Law School, 1966–67; associate, Sidley and Austin, 1967–69, 1970–72; director, Chicago Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, 1969–70; director, National Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, 1972–74; director, Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1977–79; associate and partner, Hogan and Hartson, 1974–77, 1979–94; lecturer, Stanford University Law School, 1991–92; board of directors, Spencer Foundation, 1987–97 (chair, 1990–97); board of directors, National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, 1997– 857 858 Congressional Directory

2000; National Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, co-chair, 1989–91; board of directors, Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, (chair, 2005–09); member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, member of the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Education, and the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Science, Technology and Law; admitted to practice law in Illinois in 1966 and the District Columbia in 1970; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Clinton on October 7, 1994, and entered on duty October 11, 1994. JANICE ROGERS BROWN, circuit judge; born in Greenville, AL; B.A., California State University, 1974; J.D., University of California School of Law, 1977; LL.M., University of Virginia School of Law, 2004; Deputy Legislative Counsel, Legislative Counsel Bureau, 1977–79; Deputy Attorney General, California Department of Justice, 1979–87; Deputy Sec- retary and General Counsel, California Business, Transportation, and Housing Agency, 1987– 90; Senior Associate, Nielsen, Merksamer, Parinello, Mueller and Naylor, 1990–91; Legal Affairs Secretary for Governor Pete Wilson, 1991–94; Associate Justice, California Court of Appeals for the Third District, 1994–96; Associate Justice, California Supreme Court, 1996–2005; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President George W. Bush on June 10, 2005 and sworn in on July 1, 2005. THOMAS B. GRIFFITH, circuit judge; born in Yokohama, Japan, July 5, 1954; B.A., Brigham Young University, 1978; J.D., University of Virginia School of Law, 1985; editor, Virginia Law Review; associate, Robinson, Bradshaw and Hinson, Charlotte, NC, 1985–89; associate and then a partner, Wiley, Rein and Fielding, Washington, DC, 1989–95 and 1999– 2000; Senate Legal Counsel of the United States, 1995–99; Assistant to the President and General Counsel, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 2000–05; member, Executive Com- mittee of the American Bar Association’s Central European and Eurasian Law Initiative; appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on June 14, 2005 and sworn in on June 29, 2005. BRETT M. KAVANAUGH, circuit judge; born in Washington, DC, February 12, 1965; son of Edward and Martha Kavanaugh; married to Ashley Estes; two daughters; B.A., cum laude, Yale College, 1987; J.D., Yale Law School, 1990; law clerk to Judge Walter Stapleton of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, 1990–91; law clerk for Judge Alex Kozinski of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 1991–92; attorney, Office of the Solicitor General of the United States, 1992–93; law clerk to Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1993–94; Associate Counsel, Office of Independent Counsel, 1994–97; partner, Kirkland & Ellis LLP, 1997–98, 1999–2001; Associate Counsel and then Senior Associate Counsel to President George W. Bush, 2001–03; Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary to President Bush, 2003–06; Adjunct Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center, 2007; Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School, 2008– 14; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on May 30, 2006. SRI SRINIVASAN, circuit judge; born in Chandigarh, India, February 23, 1967; son of Saroja and T.P. Srinivasan; two children; B.A. Stanford University, 1989; J.D. Stanford Law School, 1995; M.B.A. Stanford Graduate School of Business, 1995; law clerk to Judge J. Harvie Wilkinson III of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, 1995–96; Bristow Fellow, Office of the Solicitor General of the United States, 1996–97; law clerk to Associate Justice Sandra Day O’Connor of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1997–98; associate, O’Melveny & Myers LLP, 1998–2002; Assistant to the Solicitor General, 2002–07; partner, O’Melveny & Myers LLP, 2007–11; Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School, 2009–10; Principal Deputy Solicitor General, 2011–13; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on May 24, 2013.

PATRICIA A. MILLETT, circuit judge; born in Dexter, MA, 1963; B.A., summa cum laude, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1985; Harvard Law School, 1988, magna cum laude; litigation associate, Miller and Chevalier, 1988–90; law clerk, Judge Thomas Tang, U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit, 1990–92; appellate staff, U.S. Department of Justice Civil Division, 1992–96; Assistant U.S. Solicitor General, 1996–2007; partner, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer and Feld, 2007–13; appointed by President Obama to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on December 10, 2013. CORNELIA T.L. PILLARD, circuit judge; born in Cambridge, MA, 1961; B.A. Yale College, magna cum laude, with distinction in History; J.D., Harvard Law School, magna cum laude, Editor, Harvard Women’s Law Journal, 1984–85; Book Review and Commentary Editor, Harvard Law Review; law clerk to Judge Louis H. Pollak, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 1987–88; Marvin M. Karpatkin Fellowship, American U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit 859

Civil Liberties Union, 1988–89; member of the Bars of New York (1989), Massachusetts (1989), D.C. (1990); Assistant Counsel, NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., 1989–94; Assistant to the Solicitor General of the United States, 1994–97; Assistant Professor, then Professor, Georgetown University Law Center, 1997–2013; Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, 1998–2000; Chair, American Bar Association Scholars’ Reading Group, Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary, 2005–06; Visiting Scholar, Institute for Advanced Legal Studies (London, U.K.), 2006; Academic Co-Director and Pro- fessor, Center for Transnational Legal Studies (London, U.K.), 2008–09; Advisory Board (2003–11) and Faculty Co-Director (2011–13) Georgetown Law Supreme Court Institute; mem- ber, Board of Directors, American Arbitration Association, 2005–13; Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2012–13; member, American Law Institute; appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on December 2013. ROBERT L. WILKINS, circuit judge; born in Muncie, IN, 1963, B.S., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, 1986, cum laude, Herman A. Moench Distinguished Senior Commendation; J.D., Harvard Law School, 1989, executive editor and comments editor of the Civil Rights- Civil Liberties Law Review; law clerk to Judge Earl B. Gilliam of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California, 1989–90; staff attorney, Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia, 1990–95; chief, Special Litigation and Programs Division of Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia, 1995–2000; president, National African Amer- ican Museum and Cultural Complex, Inc., 2000–02; partner, Venable LLP, 2002–11; selected one of the ‘‘90 Greatest Washington Lawyers of the Last 30 Years’’ by the Legal Times in 2008; selected one of the ‘‘40 under 40 most successful young litigators in America’’ by the National Law Journal in 2002; named one of ‘‘Washington’s Top Lawyers: Criminal Defense,’’ 2004, Washingtonian magazine; named one of ‘‘Washington’s Top Lawyers: Edu- cation,’’ 2007, Washingtonian magazine; Honor Alumni Award, 2005, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Henry W. Edgerton Civil Liberties Award, 2001, American Civil Liberties Union Fund of the National Capital Area; Pro Bono Attorney of the Year, 2001, American Civil Liberties Union of Maryland; ‘‘Practitioner of the Year’’ Award, 1999, University of Maryland Black Law Students Association; Nominee, ‘‘Roger Baldwin Medal of Liberty’’ Award, 1999, American Civil Liberties Union of Maryland; District of Columbia Access to Justice Commission (2005–08); Board of Trustees, Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia (2002–08); National Museum of African American History and Culture Plan for Action Presidential Commission (chairman of the Site and Building Committee) (2002– 03); member, District of Columbia Advisory Commission on Sentencing (1998–2000); member, District of Columbia Truth-In-Sentencing Commission (1997–98); District of Columbia Juvenile Justice Advisory Group (1998–2000); Federal Influence on Sentencing Policy in the District of Columbia: An Oppressive and Dangerous Experiment, 11 Fed. Sent. Rptr. 143–148 (Nov. / Dec. 1998); The South African Legal System: Black Lawyer’s Views, 7 TransAfrica Forum 9 (Fall 1990); Black Neighborhoods Becoming Black Cities: Group Empowerment, Local Control and the Implications of Being Darker than Brown, 23 Harv. C.R.—C.L. L. Rev. 415 (1988) (co-author); admitted to the bars of the District of Columbia; Massachusetts; U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, and U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin; member, Judicial Conference of the United States, Committee on Judicial Security, 2013- present; appointed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on December 27, 2010; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on January 13, 2014.

SENIOR CIRCUIT JUDGES

HARRY T. EDWARDS, senior circuit judge; born in New York, NY, November 3, 1940; son of George H. Edwards and Arline (Ross) Lyle; married to Pamela Carrington-Edwards; children: Brent and Michelle; B.S., Cornell University, 1962; J.D. (with distinction), University of Michigan Law School, 1965; associate with Seyfarth, Shaw, Fairweather and Geraldson, 1965–70; professor of law, University of Michigan, 1970–75 and 1977–80; professor of law, Harvard University, 1975–77; visiting professor of law, Free University of Brussels, 1974; arbitrator of labor / management disputes, 1970–80; vice president, National Academy of Arbi- trators, 1978–80; member (1977–79) and chairman (1979–80), National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak); Executive Committee of the Association of American Law Schools, 1979–80; public member of the Administrative Conference of the United States, 1976–80; International Women’s Year Commission, 1976–77; American Bar Association Commission of Law and the Economy; co-author of five books: Labor Relations Law in the Public Sector, The Lawyer as a Negotiator, Higher Education and the Law, and Collective Bargaining 860 Congressional Directory and Labor Arbitration; and, most recently, Edwards, Ellliot, and Levy, Federal Standards of Review (2d ed. 2013), recipient of the Judge William B. Groat Alumni Award, 1978, given by Cornell University; the Society of American Law Teachers Award (for ‘‘distinguished contributions to teaching and public service’’); the Whitney North Seymour Medal presented by the American Arbitration Association for outstanding contributions to the use of arbitration; Recipient of the 2004 Robert J. Kutak Award, presented by the American Bar Association Selection of Legal Education and Admission to the Bar ‘‘to a person who meets the highest standards of professional responsibility and demonstrates substantial achievement toward in- creased understanding between legal education and the active practice of law’’, and several Honorary Doctor of Laws degrees; Professor of Law at NYU School of Law (member of faculty since 1990); has also taught part-time at Duke, Georgetown, Michigan, Harvard Law, Pennsylvania, and University of California Irvine Schools of Law; co-chair of the Forensics Science Committee established by the National Academy of Sciences, 2006–09; member of the Committee on Science, Technology, and Law at the National Academy of Sciences; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals, February 20, 1980; served as chief judge September 15, 1994 to July 16, 2001. LAURENCE HIRSCH SILBERMAN, senior circuit judge; recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, June 19, 2008; born in York, PA, October 12, 1935; son of William Silberman and Anna (Hirsch); married to Rosalie G. Gaull on April 28, 1957 (deceased), married Patricia Winn on January 5, 2008; children: Robert Stephen Silberman, Katherine DeBoer Balaban, and Anne Gaull Otis; B.A., Dartmouth College, 1957; LL.B., Harvard Law School, 1961; admitted to Hawaii Bar, 1962; District of Columbia Bar, 1973; associate, Moore, Torkildson and Rice, 1961–64; partner (Moore, Silberman and Schulze), Honolulu, 1964– 67; attorney, National Labor Relations Board, Office of General Counsel, Appellate Division, 1967–69; Solicitor, Department of Labor, 1969–70; Under Secretary of Labor, 1970–73; partner, Steptoe and Johnson, 1973–74; Deputy Attorney General of the United States, 1974–75; Ambassador to Yugoslavia, 1975–77; President’s Special Envoy on ILO Affairs, 1976; senior fellow, American Enterprise Institute, 1977–78; visiting fellow, 1978–85; managing partner, Morrison and Foerster, 1978–79 and 1983–85; executive vice president, Crocker National Bank, 1979–83; lecturer, University of Hawaii, 1962–63; board of directors, Commission on Present Danger, 1978–85, Institute for Educational Affairs, New York, NY, 1981–85, member: General Advisory Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament, 1981–85; Defense Policy Board, 1981–85; vice chairman, State Department’s Commission on Security and Eco- nomic Assistance, 1983–84; American Bar Association (Labor Law Committee, 1965–72, Corporations and Banking Committee, 1973, Law and National Security Advisory Committee, 1981–85); Hawaii Bar Association Ethics Committee, 1965–67; Council on Foreign Relations, 1977–present; Judicial Conference Committee on Court Administration and Case Management, 1994; member, U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Court of Review, 1996–2003; Ad- junct Professor of Law (Administrative Law and Labor Law) Georgetown Law Center, 1987– 94; 1997; Adjunct Professor of Law, New York University Law School, 1995–96; Distinguished Visitor from the Judiciary, Georgetown Law Center, 2003–present; co-chairman of the Presi- dent’s Commission on The Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, 2004–05; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Reagan on October 28, 1985. STEPHEN F. WILLIAMS, senior circuit judge; born in New York, NY, September 23, 1936; son of Charles Dickerman Williams and Virginia (Fain); married to Faith Morrow, 1966; children: Susan, Geoffrey, Sarah, Timothy, and Nicholas; B.A., Yale, 1958, J.D., Harvard Law School, 1961; U.S. Army Reserves, 1961–62; associate, Debevoise, Plimpton, Lyons and Gates, 1962–66; Assistant U.S. Attorney, Southern District of New York, 1966–69; asso- ciate professor and professor of law, University of Colorado School of Law, 1969–86; visiting professor of law, UCLA, 1975–76; visiting professor of law and fellow in law and economics, University Chicago Law School, 1979–80; visiting George W. Hutchison Professor of Energy Law, SMU, 1983–84; consultant to: Administrative Conference of the United States, 1974– 76; Federal Trade Commission on energy-related issues, 1983–85; member, American Law Institute; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Reagan, June 16, 1986. DOUGLAS HOWARD GINSBURG, circuit judge; born in Chicago, IL, May 25, 1946; diploma, Latin School of Chicago, 1963; B.S., Cornell University, 1970 (Phi Kappa Phi, Ives Award); J.D., University of Chicago, 1973 (Mecham Prize Scholarship 1970–73, Casper Platt Award, 1973, Order of Coif, Articles and Book Rev. Ed., 40 U. Chi. L. Rev.); bar admissions: Illinois (1973), Massachusetts (1982), U.S. Supreme Court (1984), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (1986); member: Mont Pelerin Society, American Economic Association, American Law and Economics Association, Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi, American Bar Association, Antitrust Section, Council, 1985–86 (ex officio), judicial liaison U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit 861

(2000–03 and 2009–12); advisory boards: Competition Policy International; Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy; Journal of Competition Law and Economics; Law and Economics Center, George Mason University School of Law; Supreme Court Economic Review; University of Chicago Law Review; Board of Directors: Foundation for Research in Economics and the Environment, 1991–2004; Rappahannock County Conservation Alliance, 1998–2004; Rappa- hannock Association for Arts and Community, 1997–99; Committees: Judicial Conference of the United States, 2002–08, Budget Committee, 1997–2001, Committee on Judicial Re- sources, 1987–96; Boston University Law School, Visiting Committee, 1994–97; University of Chicago Law School, Visiting Committee, 1985–88; law clerk to: Judge Carl McGowan, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 1973–74; Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall, U.S. Supreme Court, 1974–75; previous positions: assistant professor, Harvard University Law School, 1975–81; Professor 1981–83; Deputy Assistant Attorney Gen- eral, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1983–84; Administrator for Information and Regulatory Affairs, Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, 1984–85; Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1985– 86; lecturer in law, Columbia University, New York City, 1987–88, 2009–11; lecturer in law, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 1988–89; distinguished professor of law, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, 1988–present; senior lecturer, University of Chicago Law School, 1990–present; lecturer on law, New York Law School, 2005–09; Visiting Professor, Faculty of Laws, University College, London, 2010–15; appointed to U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Reagan on October 14, 1986, taking the oath of office on November 10, 1986, Chief Judge, 2001–08.

DAVID BRYAN SENTELLE, circuit judge, born in Canton, NC, February 12, 1943; son of Horace and Maude Sentelle; married to Jane LaRue Oldham; three daughters and four granddaughters; B.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1965; J.D. with honors, University of North Carolina School of Law, 1968; associate, Uzzell and Dumont, Charlotte, 1968–79; Assistant U.S. Attorney, Charlotte, 1970–74; North Carolina State District Judge, 1974–77; partner, Tucker, Hicks, Sentelle, Moon and Hodge, Charlotte, 1977–85; U.S. District Judge for the Western District of North Carolina, 1985–87; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals by President Reagan in October 1987; Chief Judge, 2008–13; assumed senior status February 12, 2013.

A. RAYMOND RANDOLPH, senior circuit judge; born in Riverside, NJ, November 1, 1943; son of Arthur Raymond Randolph, Sr. and Marile (Kelly); two children: John Trevor and Cynthia Lee Randolph; married to Eileen Janette O’Connor, May 18, 1984. B.S., Drexel University, 1966; J.D., University of Pennsylvania Law School, 1969, summa cum laude; managing editor, University of Pennsylvania Law Review; Order of the Coif. Admitted to Supreme Court of the United States; Supreme Court of California; District of Columbia Court of Appeals; U.S. Courts of Appeals for the First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Ninth, Eleventh, and District of Columbia Circuits. Memberships: American Law Institute. Law clerk to Judge Henry J. Friendly, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 1969– 70; Assistant to the Solicitor General, 1970–73; adjunct professor of law, Georgetown Univer- sity Law Center, 1974–78; George Mason School of Law, 1992; Deputy Solicitor General, 1975–77; Special Counsel, Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, House of Representa- tives, 1979–80; special assistant attorney general, State of Montana (honorary), 1983–July 1990; special assistant attorney general, State of New Mexico, 1985–July 1990; special assistant attorney general, State of Utah, 1986–July 1990; advisory panel, Federal Courts Study Com- mittee, 1989–July 1990; partner, Pepper, Hamilton and Scheetz, 1987–July 1990; chairman, Committee on Codes of Conduct, U.S. Judicial Conference, 1995–98; distinguished professor of law, George Mason Law School, 1999–present; recipient, Distinguished Alumnus Award, University of Pennsylvania Law School, 2002; appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President George H.W. Bush on July 16, 1990, and took oath of office on July 20, 1990.

OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT

Circuit Executive.—Betsy Paret (202) 216–7340. Clerk.—Mark J. Langer, 216–7300. Chief Deputy Clerk.—Marilyn R. Sargent, 216–7300. Chief, Legal Division.—Martha Tomich, 216–7500. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT

717 Madison Place, NW., 20439, phone (202) 275–8000

SHARON PROST, chief judge; was appointed by President George W. Bush in 2001. Prior to her appointment, Judge Prost served as Minority Chief Counsel, Deputy Chief Counsel, and Chief Counsel of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate from 1993 to 2001. She also served as Chief Labor Counsel (Minority), Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources from 1989 to 1993. She was Assistant Solicitor, Associate Solicitor, and Acting Solicitor of the National Labor Relations Board from 1984 to 1989. She was an Attorney at the Internal Revenue Service from 1983 to 1984, and Field Attorney at the Federal Labor Relations Authority from 1980 to 1983. Judge Prost also served as Labor Relations Specialist / Auditor at the United States General Accounting Office from 1976 to 1980 and Labor Relations Specialist at the United States Civil Service Commission from 1973 to 1976. Judge Prost received a B.S. from Cornell University in 1973, an M.B.A. from George Washington University in 1975, a J.D. from the Washington College of Law, American University in 1979, and an LL.M. from George Washington University School of Law in 1984.

PAULINE NEWMAN, circuit judge; was appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1984. From 1982 to 1984, Judge Newman was Special Adviser to the United States Delegation to the Diplomatic Conference on the Revision of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. She served on the advisory committee to the Domestic Policy Review of Industrial Innovation from 1978 to 1979 and on the State Department Advisory Committee on International Intellectual Property from 1974 to 1984. From 1969 to 1984, Judge Newman served as director, Patent, Trademark and Licensing Department, FMC Corp. From 1961 to 1962 she worked for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as a science policy specialist in the Department of Natural Sciences. She served as patent attorney and house counsel of FMC Corp. from 1954 to 1969 and as research scientist, American Cyanamid Co. from 1951 to 1954. Judge Newman received a B.A. from Vassar College in 1947, an M.A. from Columbia University in 1948, a Ph.D. from Yale University in 1952 and an LL.B. from New York University School of Law in 1958.

ALAN D. LOURIE, circuit judge; was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on April 6, 1990, by President George H.W. Bush. He was formerly Vice President, Corporate Patents and Trademarks, and Associate General Counsel of SmithKline Beecham Corporation. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 13, 1935, Judge Lourie received his Bachelor’s degree from Harvard University (1956), his Master’s degree in organic chemistry from the University of Wisconsin (1958), and his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania (1965). He received his J.D. degree from Temple Univer- sity in 1970. Before being appointed to the court, Judge Lourie had been President of the Philadelphia Patent Law Association, a member of the Board of Directors of the American Intellectual Property Law Association (formerly American Patent Law Association), treasurer of the Association of Corporate Patent Counsel, and a member of the board of directors of the Intellectual Property Owners Association. He was also Vice Chairman of the Industry Functional Advisory Committee on Intellectual Property Rights for Trade Policy Matters (IFAC 3) for the Department of Commerce and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. He was a member of the U.S. delegation to the Diplomatic Conference on the Revision of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, held in Geneva in October and November 1982, and in March 1984. He was chairman of the Patent Committee of the Law Section of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association from 1980 to 1985. Judge Lourie was awarded the Jefferson Medal of the New Jersey Intellectual Property Law Associa- tion for extraordinary contributions to the field of intellectual property law in 1998; was a recipient of the Intellectual Property Owners Education Foundation Distinguished Intellectual Property Professional Award for extraordinary leadership in the intellectual property community 862 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 863 and a lifetime commitment to invention and innovation in 2008; was a recipient of the Philadelphia Intellectual Property Law Association’s Award for outstanding IP achievement in 2010; was a recipient of the Boston Patent Law Association’s Distinguished Public Service Award in 2011; was a recipient of a ‘‘lifetime achievement’’ award from The Sedona Con- ference in 2011; and recently was a recipient of NYIPLA’s 10th Annual Outstanding Public Service Award in 2012. He was a member of the Judicial Conference Committee on Financial Disclosure from 1990 to 1998 and has been a member of the Committee on Codes of Conduct since 2005. He is a member of the American Intellectual Property Law Association, the American Chemical Society, the Cosmos Club, and the Harvard Club of Washington. Judge Lourie is married and has two daughters and four grandchildren.

TIMOTHY B. DYK, circuit judge; was appointed by President William J. Clinton in 2000. Prior to his appointment, Judge Dyk was Partner and Chair, Issues and Appeals Practice Area, at Jones, Day, Reavis and Pogue from 1990 to 2000. He was Adjunct Professor at Yale Law School from 1986 to 1987 and 1989, at the University of Virginia Law School in 1984 and 1985, and from 1987 to 1988, and at the Georgetown University Law Center in 1983, 1986, 1989 and 1991. Judge Dyk was Associate and Partner, Wilmer Cutler and Pickering from 1964 to 1990. From 1963 to 1964, Judge Dyk served as Special Assistant to Assistant Attorney General Louis F. Oberdorfer. He also served as Law Clerk to Chief Justice Warren from 1962 to 1963, and to Justices Reed and Burton (retired) from 1961 to 1962. Judge Dyk received an A.B. from Harvard College in 1958 and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1961. He was First President of the Edward Coke Appellate Inn of Court from 2000 to 2001 and President of the Giles Sutherland Rich Inn of Court from 2006 to 2007. He was the recipient of the 2012 American Inns of Court Professionalism Award for the Federal Circuit. Judge Dyk is the co-author of the Chapter on Patents in the Third Edition of the treatise, Business and Commercial Litigation in Federal Courts.

KIMBERLY A. MOORE, circuit judge; was appointed by President George W. Bush in 2006. Prior to her appointment, Judge Moore was a Professor of Law from 2004–06 and Associate Professor of Law from 2000 to 2004 at the George Mason University School of Law. She was an Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Maryland School of Law from 1999 to 2000. She served both as an Assistant Professor of Law from 1997 to 1999 and the Associate Director of the Intellectual Property Law Program from 1998 to 1999 at the Chicago-Kent College of Law. Judge Moore clerked from 1995 to 1997 for the Honorable Glenn L. Archer, Jr., Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and was an Associate at Kirkland and Ellis from 1994 to 1995. From 1988 to 1992, Judge Moore was employed in electrical engineering with the Naval Surface Warfare Center. Judge Moore received her B.S.E.E. in 1990, M.S. in 1991, both from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and her J.D., cum laude from the Georgetown University Law Center in 1994. Judge Moore has written and presented widely on patent litigation. She co-authored a legal casebook entitled Patent Litigation and Strategy and served as the Editor of The Federal Circuit Bar Journal from 1998 to 2006.

KATHLEEN M. O’MALLEY, circuit judge; was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by President Barack Obama in 2010. Prior to her elevation to the Federal Circuit, Judge O’Malley was appointed to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio by President William J. Clinton on October 12, 1994. Judge O’Malley served as First Assistant Attorney General and Chief of Staff for Ohio Attorney General Lee Fisher from 1992–94, and Chief Counsel to Attorney General Fisher from 1991–92. From 1985–91, she worked for Porter, Wright, Morris and Arthur, where she became a partner. From 1983–84, she was an associate at Jones, Day, Reavis and Pogue. During her sixteen years on the district court bench, Judge O’Malley presided over in excess of 100 patent and trademark cases and sat by designation on the United States Circuit Court for the Federal Circuit. As an educator, Judge O’Malley has regularly taught a course on Patent Litigation at Case Western Reserve University Law School; she is a member of the faculty of the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology’s program designed to educate Federal Judges regarding the handling of intellectual property cases. Judge O’Malley serves as a board member of the Sedona Conference; as the judicial liaison to the Local Patent Rules Committee for the Northern District of Ohio; and as an advisor to national organizations publishing treatises on patent litigation (Anatomy of a Patent Case, Complex Litigation Committee of the American College of Trial Lawyers; Patent Case Management Judicial Guide, Berkeley Center for Law and Technology). Judge O’Malley began her legal career as a law clerk to the Honorable Nathaniel R. Jones, Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in 1982–83. She received her J.D. degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Order of the Coif, in 1982, where she served on Law Review and was a member 864 Congressional Directory of the National Mock Trial Team. Judge O’Malley attended Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio where she graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa in 1979.

JIMMIE V. REYNA, circuit judge; was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by President Barack Obama in 2011. Prior to his appointment, Judge Reyna was an international trade attorney and shareholder at Williams Mullen, where, from 1998 to 2011, he directed the firm’s Trade and Customs Practice Group and its Latin America Task Force, and served on its board of directors (2006–08, 2009–11). He was an associate and partner at the law firm of Stewart and Stewart (1986–98). From 1981 to 1986, Judge Reyna was a solo practitioner in Albuquerque, New Mexico and, prior to that, an associate at Shaffer, Butt, Thornton and Baehr, also in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Judge Reyna served on the U.S. roster of dispute settlement panelists for trade disputes under Chapter 19 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the U.S. Indicative List of Non-Governmental Panelists for the World Trade Organization, Dispute Settlement Mechanism, for both trade in goods and trade in services. Judge Reyna is the author of two books, Passport to North American Trade: Rules of Origin and Customs Procedures Under the NAFTA (Shepards 1995), and The GATT Uruguay Round, A Negotiating History: Services, 1986–92 (Kluwer 1993) and numerous articles on international trade and customs issues. He was the founder and Senior Co-Editor of the Hispanic National Bar Association Journal of Law and Policy. Judge Reyna is a recipient of the Ohtli Award (the highest honor bestowed by the Mexican Government for non-Mexican citizens). Other awards include: 100 Influentials, Hispanic Busi- ness Magazine, 2011; 101 Latino Leaders in America, Latino Leaders Magazine, 2011 and 2012; Minority Business Leader, Washington Business Journal; Extraordinary Leadership, His- panic National Bar Association (HNBA); Lifetime Honorary Membership, Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers; Distinguished Citizen Award, Military Airlift Command, U.S. Air Force; Spirit of Excellence Award, Albuquerque Hispano Chamber of Commerce. Judge Reyna served over a decade of leadership in the HNBA, including as National President (2006– 07). He served in various leadership positions in the ABA Sections on International Law and Dispute Settlement. He was a founder and member of the board of directors of the U.S. Mexico Law Institute, and the Community Services for Autistic Adults and Children Foundation. He currently serves on the Nationwide Hispanic Advisory Council of Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. He received a B.A. from the University of Rochester in 1975 and a J.D. from the University of New Mexico School of Law in 1978.

EVAN J. WALLACH, circuit judge; was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by President Barack Obama in 2011, confirmed by the Senate on November 9, 2011, and assumed the duties of his office on November 18, 2011. Prior to his appointment, he served for sixteen years as a judge of the United States Court of International Trade, having been appointed to that court by President William J. Clinton in 1995. Judge Wallach worked as a general litigation partner with an emphasis on media representation at the law firm of Lionel Sawyer and Collins in Las Vegas, Nevada from 1982 to 1995. He was an associate at the same firm from 1976 to 1982. While working with the firm, Judge Wallach took a leave of absence to serve as General Counsel and Public Policy Advisor to Senator Harry Reid from 1987 to 1988. From 1989 to 1995, he served in the Nevada National Guard as a Judge Advocate. In 1991, while on leave from his firm, he served as an Attorney/Advisor in the International Affairs Division of the Judge Advocate of the Army at the Pentagon. Judge Wallach, a recognized expert in the law of war, has taught at a number of law schools, including Brooklyn Law School, New York Law School, George Mason University School of Law, and the University of Mu¨enster in Mu¨nster, Germany. Judge Wallach has received a number of awards, including: the ABA Liberty Bell Award in 1993; the Nevada Press Association President’s Award in 1994; and the Clark County School Librarians Intellectual Freedom Award in 1995. Judge Wallach served on active duty in the Army of the United States from 1969 to 1971. During his military career, he was awarded the Bronze Star, the Air Medal, the Good Conduct Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal, the Nevada Medal of Merit, the Valorous Unit Citation, a Vietnam Campaign Medal, and the RVN Cross of Gallantry with Palm. Judge Wallach received his B.A. in Journalism from the University of Arizona in 1973, his J.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1976, and an LLB with honors in International Law from Cambridge University in 1981.

RICHARD G. TARANTO, circuit judge; was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by President Barack H. Obama, in 2013, confirmed by the Senate on March 11, 2013 and assumed the duties of his office on March 15, 2013. Judge Taranto practiced law with the firm of Farr and Taranto from 1989 to 2013, where he specialized in appellate litigation. From 1986 to 1989, he served as an Assistant to the Solicitor General, representing the United States in the Supreme Court. He was in private U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 865 practice from 1984 to 1986 with the law firm of Onek, Klein and Farr. Judge Taranto served as a law clerk at all three levels of the federal court system. He clerked for Justice Sandra Day O’Connor of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1983 to 1984; for Judge Robert Bork of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1982 to 1983; and for Judge Abraham Sofaer of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York from 1981 to 1982. Judge Taranto received a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1981 and a B.A. from Pomona College in 1977.

RAYMOND T. CHEN, circuit judge; was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by President Barack H. Obama in 2013, confirmed by the Senate on August 1, 2013 and assumed his office on August 5, 2013. Judge Chen served as Deputy General Counsel for Intellectual Property Law and Solicitor at the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 2008 to 2013. He was an Associate Solicitor in that office from 1998 to 2008. From 1996 to 1998, Judge Chen served as a Technical Assistant at the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Before joining the court staff, Judge Chen was an associate with Knobbe, Martens, Olson and Bear from 1994 to 1996. Before entering law school, Judge Chen worked as a scientist at the law firm of Hecker and Harriman from 1989 to 1991. Judge Chen received his J.D. from the New York University School of Law in 1994 and his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1990.

TODD M. HUGHES, circuit judge; was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by President Barack H. Obama in 2013, confirmed by the Senate on September 24, 2013 and assumed the duties of his office on September 30, 2013. Judge Hughes served as Deputy Director of the Commercial Litigation Branch of the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice from 2007 to 2013. He was the Assistant Director in that office from 1999 to 2007 and a Trial Attorney from 1994 to 1999. From 1992 to 1994, Judge Hughes served as a Law Clerk to Circuit Judge Robert Krupansky of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. He was an Adjunct Lecturer in Law at Cleveland-Marshall College of Law during the Spring, 1994 semester. Judge Hughes received a J.D. from Duke Law School in 1992, an M.A. from Duke University in 1992, and an A.B. from Harvard College in 1989.

KARA FARNANDEZ STOLL, circuit judge; was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by President Barack H. Obama on November 12, 2014, was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on July 7, 2015, and assumed her duties on July 17, 2015. Judge Stoll practiced law with the firm of Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett and Dunner from 1998 to 2015, and became a partner at the firm in 2006. While in private practice, Judge Stoll specialized in patent litigation with an emphasis on appeals. Judge Stoll was an adjunct professor at George Mason University Law School from 2008 to 2015 and at the Howard University School of Law from 2004 to 2008. From 1997 to 1998, Judge Stoll served as a law clerk to The Honorable Alvin A. Schall of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Judge Stoll worked as a patent examiner at the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 1991 to 1997. Judge Stoll received a J.D. from the Georgetown University School of Law in 1997, where she received the Leon Robin Patent Award, and a B.S.E.E. from Michigan State University in 1991.

SENIOR CIRCUIT JUDGES

HALDANE ROBERT MAYER, circuit judge; has been a member of the court since 1987. He served as Chief Judge from 1997 to 2004. Born in Buffalo, Judge Mayer was educated in the public schools of Lockport, New York, before attending the United States Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1963. He earned a law degree in 1971 at the Marshall-Wythe School of Law of The College of William and Mary, where he was editor-in-chief of the William and Mary Law Review as well as a member of Omicron Delta Kappa National Leadership Society. He has served as a director of the William and Mary Law School Association. Judge Mayer served on active duty in the Army of the United States from 1963 until 1975 in the Infantry and the Judge Advocate General’s Corps. He was awarded the Bronze Star Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal, the Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, the Combat Infantry- man Badge, Parachutist Badge, Ranger Tab, RVN Ranger Combat Badge, and several campaign and service ribbons. He resigned his Regular Army commission to take an Army Reserve commission, retiring in 1985 as a lieutenant colonel. In 1971, Judge Mayer served as a 866 Congressional Directory law clerk for Judge John D. Butzner, Jr., of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in Richmond, VA. He practiced law in Charlottesville, VA, in the mid-1970’s, simultaneously serving as an adjunct at the University of Virginia School of Law, as he did again in the 1990’s. He has also been an adjunct at George Washington University National Law Center. From 1977 through 1980, Judge Mayer was the Special Assistant to the Chief Justice of the United States, Warren E. Burger, after which he returned to private law practice in Washington, DC, until he became Deputy and Acting Special Counsel (by designation of the President). President Ronald Reagan appointed Judge Mayer to what is now the United States Court of Federal Claims in 1982, and to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in 1987. He assumed senior status on June 30, 2010.

S. JAY PLAGER, circuit judge; was appointed Circuit Judge by President George H.W. Bush in 1989. Prior to his appointment, Judge Plager served in the Executive Office of the President from 1987 to 1989, as Associate Director of OMB and as Administrator, OIRA. He served as Counselor to the Under Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services from 1986 to 1987. Judge Plager was Dean and Professor, Indiana University School of Law from 1977 to 1984. He was Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Illinois from 1964 to 1977, and from 1958 to 1964 was Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Florida. Judge Plager was Visiting Scholar, Stanford University Law School from 1984 to 1985, Visiting Fellow, Trinity College, and Visiting Professor, Cambridge University in 1980, and Visiting Research Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin from 1967 to 1968. Judge Plager served on active duty in the United States Navy during the Korean Conflict. Judge Plager grew up in New Jersey, where he attended public schools. In 1952, he received an A.B. degree from the University of North Carolina, a J.D. in 1958 from the University of Florida, with high honors, where he was editor-in-chief of the Florida Law Review, and in 1961 an LL.M. from Columbia University. He has three children. Judge Plager assumed senior status in 2000.

RAYMOND C. CLEVENGER III, circuit judge; was appointed by President George H.W. Bush in 1990. Judge Clevenger received a B.A. from Yale University in 1959. As a Carnegie Teaching Fellow, he taught European History at Yale College in the 1959–60 academic year. From 1960 to 1963, he was employed by the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in New York City. He received an LL.B. from Yale University in 1966. Judge Clevenger served as a law clerk to Mr. Justice White in October Term 1966. Judge Clevenger joined Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering in 1967, serving as a partner in the firm from 1974 until his appointment to the bench. Judge Clevenger assumed senior status on February 1, 2006.

ALVIN A. SCHALL, circuit judge; was appointed by President George H.W. Bush in 1992. Prior to his appointment, Judge Schall served as Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States from 1988 to 1992. He was a member of the Washington, DC law firm of Perlman and Partners from 1987 to 1988. He served as Trial Attorney and Senior Trial Counsel, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, from 1978 to 1987. Judge Schall was an Assistant United States Attorney, Office of the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, from 1973 to 1978, and served as Chief of the Appeals Division from 1977 to 1978. From 1969 to 1973, Judge Schall was in private practice with the New York City law firm of Shearman and Sterling. Judge Schall received a B.A. degree from Princeton University in 1966 and a J.D. degree from Tulane Law School in 1969. Judge Schall assumed senior status on October 5, 2009.

WILLIAM C. BRYSON, circuit judge; was appointed by President William J. Clinton in 1994. Prior to his appointment, Judge Bryson was with the United States Department of Justice from 1978 to 1994. During that period, he served as an Assistant to the Solicitor General [1978–79], Chief of the Appellate Section of the Criminal Division [1979–83], Counsel to the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section [1983–86], Deputy Solicitor General [1986– 94], Acting Solicitor General [1989 and 1993], and Acting Associate Attorney General [1994]. He was an Associate at the Washington, DC law firm of Miller, Cassidy, Larroca and Lewin from 1975 to 1978. Judge Bryson served as Law Clerk to the Honorable Henry J. Friendly, United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1973 to 1974, and as Law Clerk to the Honorable Thurgood Marshall, Supreme Court of the United States, from 1974 to 1975. Judge Bryson received an A.B. from Harvard College in 1969 and a J.D. from the University of Texas School of Law in 1973.

RICHARD LINN, circuit judge; was appointed by President William J. Clinton in 1999. Prior to his appointment, Judge Linn was a Partner and Practice Group Leader at the Wash- ington, DC law firm of Foley and Lardner from 1997 to 1999. He was a Partner and head of the intellectual property department at Marks and Murase, L.L.P. from 1977 to U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 867

1997. Judge Linn served as Patent Advisor, United States Naval Air Systems Command from 1971 to 1972, was a Patent Agent at the United States Naval Research Laboratory from 1968 to 1969, and served as a Patent Examiner at the United States Patent Office from 1965 to 1968. He was a member of the founding Board of Governors of the Virginia Bar Section on Patent, Trademark, and Copyright Law and served as Chairman in 1975. In 2000, Judge Linn received the Rensselaer Alumni Association Fellows Award. He was honored in 2006 for dedication, service, and devotion to justice by the Austin Intellectual Property Law Association. Judge Linn was awarded the 2009 New York Intellectual Property Law Association Leadership Award. He also received the 2009 Jefferson Medal from the New Jersey Intellectual Property Law Association ‘‘in recognition of meritorious and out- standing contributions in support of the Constitution of the United States of America and furtherance of a fundamental principle thereof—‘to promote the progress of Science and useful Arts.’ ’’ In 2010, Judge Linn received the Outstanding Public Service Award from the New York Intellectual Property Law Association. In 2011, he was awarded the inaugural Mark Banner Award by the American Bar Association for his contributions to intellectual property law and the A. Sherman Christensen Award by the American Inns of Court Foundation for distinguished, exceptional and significant leadership to the American Inns of Court move- ment. He served as an Adjunct Professor and Professorial Lecturer in Law at George Wash- ington University Law School from 2001 to 2003, and currently serves on the Law School’s Intellectual Property Advisory Board. Judge Linn is a past president of the Giles Sutherland Rich American Inn of Court, a member of the Richard Linn American Inn of Court, a visiting member of the Hon. William C. Conner American Inn of Court, and an honorary lifetime member of the Benjamin Franklin American Inn of Court. He received a B.E.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1965, and a J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center in 1969.

OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT

Circuit Executive and Clerk of Court.—Daniel E. O’Toole (202) 275–8020. General Counsel.—J. Douglas Steere, 275–8080. Chief Deputy Clerk and Director of Information Technology.—Mona Harrington, 275–8420. Deputy Circuit Executive and Operations Officer.—Dale Bosley, 275–8141. Circuit Librarian.—John Moore, 275–8403. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

E. Barrett Prettyman U.S. Courthouse, 333 Constitution Avenue, NW., 20001 room 2002, phone (202) 354–3320, fax 354–3412

RICHARD W. ROBERTS, chief judge; born in New York, NY; son of Beverly N. Roberts and Angeline T. Roberts; graduate of the High School of Music and Art, 1970; A.B. Vassar College, 1974; M.I.A. School for International Training, 1978; J.D., Columbia Law School, 1978; Honors Program Trial Attorney, Criminal Section, Civil Rights Division, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, 1978–82; Associate, Covington and Burling, Washington, DC, 1982–86; Assistant U.S. Attorney, Southern District of NY, 1986–88; Assistant U.S. Attorney, 1988–93, then Principal Assistant U.S. Attorney, District of Columbia, 1993–95; Chief, Crimi- nal Section, Civil Rights Division, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, 1995–98; adjunct professor of trial practice, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC, 1983– 84; Guest faculty, Harvard Law School, Trial Advocacy Workshop, 1984–present; admitted to bars of NY (1979) and DC (1983); U.S. District Court for District of Columbia, 1983; U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, 1984; U.S. Supreme Court, 1985; U.S. District Court for the Southern District of NY and U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 1986; past or present member or officer of National Black Prosecutors Association; Washington Bar Association; National Conference of Black Lawyers; Department of Justice Association of Black Attorneys; Department of Justice Association of Hispanic Employees for Advancement and Development; DC Bar, Committee on Professionalism and Public Understanding About the Law; American Bar Association Criminal Justice Section Committees on Continuing Legal Education, and Race and Racism in the Criminal Justice System; ABA Task Force on the Judiciary; DC Circuit Judicial Conference Arrangements Committee; DC Judicial Conference Planning Committee; Edward Bennett Williams Inn of Court, Washington, DC, master; board of directors, Alumnae and Alumni of Vassar College; African American Alumni of Vassar College; Vassar Club of Washington, DC; Concerned Black Men, Inc., Washington, DC Chapter; Sigma Pi Phi, Epsilon Boule; Council on Foreign Relations; DC Coalition Against Drugs and Violence; Murch Elementary School Restructuring Team; nominated as U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia by President Clinton on January 27, 1998 and confirmed by the Senate on June 5, 1998; took oath of office on July 31, 1998. EMMET G. SULLIVAN, judge; son of Emmet A. Sullivan and Eileen G. Sullivan; born in Washington, DC; graduated McKinley High School, 1964; B.A., Howard University, 1968; J.D., Howard University Law School, 1971; recipient of Reginald Heber Smith Fellowship, assigned to the Neighborhood Legal Services Program in Washington, DC, 1971–72; law clerk to Judge James A. Washington, Jr., 1972–73; joined the law firm of Houston and Gardner, 1973–80, became a partner; thereafter was a partner with Houston, Sullivan and Gardner; board of directors of the DC Law Students in Court Program; DC Judicial Conference Voluntary Arbitration Committee; Nominating Committee of the Bar Association of the District of Columbia; U.S. District Court Committee on Grievances; adjunct professor at Howard University School of Law; adjunct professor at American University, Washington College of Law; member: National Bar Association, Washington Bar Association, Bar Association of the District of Columbia; appointed by President Reagan to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia as an associate judge, 1984; deputy presiding judge and presiding judge of the probate and tax division; chairperson of the rules committees for the probate and tax divisions; member: Court Rules Committee and the Jury Plan Committee; appointed by President George H.W. Bush to serve as an associate judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 1991; chairperson for the nineteenth annual judicial conference of the District of Columbia, 1994 (the Conference theme was ‘‘Rejuvenating Juvenile Justice-Re- sponses to the Problems of Juvenile Violence in the District of Columbia’’); appointed by chief judge Wagner to chair the ‘‘Task Force on Families and Violence for the District of Columbia Courts’’; nominated to the U.S. District Court by President Clinton on March 22, 1994; and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on June 15, 1994; appointed by Chief Justice Rehnquist to serve on the Judicial Conference of the U.S. Committee on Criminal Law, 868 U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 869

1998–2005; District of Columbia Judicial Disabilities and Tenure Commission, 1996–2001; chair of the District of Columbia Judicial Nomination Commission since 2005; appointed by Chief Justice Roberts to serve on the Judicial Conference of the U.S. Committee on Space and Facilities, 2012, re-appointed by the Chief Justice in 2015; only person in the District of Columbia to have been appointed to three judicial positions by three different U.S. Presidents; recipient of the Ollie May Cooper Award awarded by the Washington Bar Association; the Thurgood Marshall Award of Excellence awarded by the Howard University Alumni Association; the Howard University Distinguished Alumni Award awarded by the President and Board of Trustees of Howard University; American Inns of Court Professionalism Award for the District of Columbia Circuit for 2015; founder and current director of the Frederick B. Abramson Scholarship Foundation. COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY, judge; born in New York, NY; daughter of Konstantine and Irene Kollar; attended bilingual schools in Mexico, Ecuador and Venezuela, and George- town Visitation Preparatory School in Washington, DC; received B.A. degree in English at Catholic University (Delta Epsilon Honor Society); received J.D. at Catholic University’s Columbus School of Law (Moot Court Board of Governors); law clerk to Hon. Catherine B. Kelly, District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 1968–69; attorney, United States Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Appellate Section, 1969–72; chief legal counsel, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Department of Health and Human Services, 1972–84; received Saint Elizabeths Hospital Certificate of Appreciation, 1981; Meritorious Achievement Award from Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA), Department of Health and Human Services, 1981; appointed judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia by President Reagan, October 3, 1984, took oath of office October 21, 1984; served as Deputy Presiding Judge, Criminal Division, January 1996–April 1997; received Achievement Recognition Award, Hispanic Heritage CORO Awards Celebration, 1996; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Clinton on March 26, 1997, took oath of office May 12, 1997; appointed by Chief Justice Rehnquist to serve on the Financial Disclosure Committee, 2000–02; presiding judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, 2002–09. REGGIE B. WALTON, judge; born in Donora, PA, 1949; son of the late Theodore and Ruth (Garard) Walton; B.A., West Virginia State College, 1971; J.D., American University, Washington College of Law, 1974; admitted to the bars of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1974; United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 1975; District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 1976; United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 1977; Supreme Court of the United States, 1980; United States District Court for the District of Columbia; Staff Attorney, Defender Association of Philadelphia, 1974–76; Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1976–80; Chief, Career Criminal Unit, Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1979– 80; Executive Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1980–81; Associate Judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 1981–89; deputy presiding judge of the Criminal Division, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 1986–89; Associate Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President, 1989–91; Senior White House Advisor for Crime, The White House, 1991; Associate Judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 1991–2001; Presiding Judge of the Domestic Violence Unit, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 2000; Presiding Judge of the Family Division, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 2001; Instructor: National Judicial College, Reno, Nevada, 1999–present; Harvard University Law School, Trial Advocacy Workshop, 1994– present; National Institute of Trial Advocacy, Georgetown University Law School, 1983– present; Co-author, Pretrial Drug Testing—An Essential Component of the National Drug Control Strategy, Brigham Young University Law Journal of Public Law (1991); Distinguished Alumnus Award, American University, Washington College of Law (1991); The William H. Hastie Award, The Judicial Council of the National Bar Association (1993); Commissioned as a Kentucky Colonel by the Governor (1990, 1991); Governor’s Proclamation declaring April 9, 1991, Judge Reggie B. Walton Day in the State of Louisiana; The West Virginia State College National Alumni Association James R. Waddy Meritorious Service Award (1990); Secretary’s Award, United States Department of Veterans Affairs (1990); Outstanding Alumnus Award, Ringgold High School (1987); Director’s Award for Superior Performance as an Assistant United States Attorney (1980); Profiled in book entitled ‘‘Black Judges on Justice: Prospectives From The Bench’’ by Linn Washington (1995); appointed district judge, United States District Court for the District of Columbia by President George W. Bush, September 24, 2001, and took oath of office October 29, 2001; appointed by President Bush in June of 2004 to serve as the Chairperson of the National Prison Rape Reduction Commission, a two-year commission created by the United States Congress that is tasked with the mission of identifying methods to curb the incidents of prison rape; member, United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, 2007–present; Presiding Judge, 2013–present. 870 Congressional Directory

RICHARD J. LEON, judge; born in South Natick, MA, 1949; son of Silvano B. Leon and Rita (O’Rorke) Leon; A.B., Holy Cross College, 1971, J.D., cum laude, Suffolk Law School, 1974; LL.M. Harvard Law School, 1981; Law Clerk to Chief Justice McLaughlin and the Associate Justices, Superior Court of Massachusetts, 1974–75; Law Clerk to Hon. Thomas F. Kelleher, Supreme Court of Rhode Island, 1975–76; admitted to bar, Rhode Island, 1975 and District of Columbia, 1991; Special Assistant U.S. Attorney, Southern District of New York, 1977–78; Assistant Professor of Law, St. John’s Law School, New York, 1979–83; Senior Trial Attorney, Criminal Section, Tax Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1983–87; Deputy Chief Minority Counsel, U.S. House Select ‘‘Iran-Contra’’ Committee, 1987– 88; Deputy Assistant U.S. Attorney General, Environment Division, 1988–89; Partner, Baker and Hostetler, Washington, DC, 1989–99; Commissioner, The White House Fellows Commis- sion, 1990–92; Chief Minority Counsel, U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee ‘‘October Suprise’’ Task Force, 1992–93; Special Counsel, U.S. House Banking Committee ‘‘White- water’’ Investigation, 1994; Special Counsel, U.S. House Ethics Reform Task Force, 1997; Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center, 1997–present; Partner, Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease, Washington, DC, 1999–2002; Commissioner, Judicial Review Commission on Foreign Asset Control, 2000–01; Master, Edward Bennett Williams Inn of Court; appointed U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia by President George W. Bush on February 19, 2002; took oath of office on March 20, 2002. ROSEMARY M. COLLYER, judge; born in White Plains, NY, 1945; daughter of Thomas C. and Alice Henry Mayers; educated in parochial and public schools in Stamford, Connecticut; B.A., Trinity College, Washington, DC, 1968; J.D., University of Denver College of Law, 1977; practiced with Sherman and Howard, Denver, Colorado, 1977–81; Chairman, Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, 1981–84 by appointment of President Reagan with Senate confirmation; General Counsel, National Labor Relations Board, 1984–89 by appointment of President Reagan with Senate confirmation; private practice with Crowell and Moring LLP, Washington, DC 1989–2003; member and chairman of the firm’s Manage- ment Committee; appointed U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia by President George W. Bush and took oath of office on January 2, 2003. Member, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, 2013–present. BERYL A. HOWELL, judge; born in Fort Benning, GA; daughter of Col. (Ret.) Leamon and Ruth Howell; Killeen High School, 1974; B.A. with honors in philosophy, Bryn Mawr College (President and Member, Honor Board, 1976–78); J.D., Columbia University School of Law, 1983 (Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar, 1981–82; International Fellows Program, 1982– 83, Transnational Law Journal, Notes Editor); law clerk to Hon. Dickinson R. Debevoise, District of New Jersey, 1983–84; litigation associate, Schulte, Roth and Zabel, 1985–87; Assistant United States Attorney, United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, 1987–93; Deputy Chief, Narcotics Section, 1987–93; Senior Counsel, U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Technology and the Law, 1993–94; Senior Counsel, U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights and Competition, 1995–96; General Counsel, U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 1997– 2003; Executive Managing Director and General Counsel, Stroz Friedberg, 2003–09; Member, Commission on Cyber Security for the 44th Presidency, 2008; Adjunct Professor of Law, American University’s Washington College of Law, 2010; Awards include U.S. Attorney’s Special Achievement Award for Sustained Superior Performance, 1990, 1991; Drug Enforce- ment Administration Commendations, 1990, 1992, 1993; Attorney General’s Director’s Award for Superior Performance, 1991; Federal Bureau of Investigation Award and New York City Department of Investigation Award for public corruption investigation and prosecution, 1992; Freedom of Information Hall of Fame, 2001; First Amendment Award, Society of Professional Journalists, 2004; Federal Bureau of Investigation Director’s Award, 2006; Book chapters and law review article publications include Seven Weeks: The Making of the USA PATRIOT Act, The George Washington Law Review, 2004; FISA’s Fruits in Criminal Cases: An Oppor- tunity for Improved Accountability, UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 2007; Book Chapters include: Real World Problems of Virtual Crime, in Cybercrime: Digital Cops in a Networked Environment, 2007; Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Has the Solution Become the Problem, in Protecting What Matters: Technology, Security, and Liberty Since 9/11, 2006 and articles in the New York Law Journal, Journal of Internet Law, the Vermont Bar Journal, and Yale Journal of Law and Technology; Appointed Commissioner, United States Sentencing Commission, 2004–11; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Obama on December 27, 2010, took oath of office on January 21, 2011. JAMES E. BOASBERG, judge; born San Francisco, CA, 1963; son of Emanuel Boasberg III and Sarah Szold Boasberg; graduated St. Albans School, Washington, DC, 1981; B.A., magna cum laude in history from Yale College, 1985; M.St. in modern European history U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 871 from Oxford University, 1986; J.D. from Yale Law School, 1990; law clerk to Judge Dorothy W. Nelson on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 1990–91; associate, Keker and Van Nest in San Francisco, CA, 1991–94; associate, Kellogg, Huber, Hansen, Todd and Evans in Washington, DC, 1995–96; Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1996–2002; visiting lecturer, George Washington Law School, 2003; Associate Judge, District of Columbia Superior Court, 2002–11; United States District Judge for the District of Columbia, 2011–present; appointed to the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, May 2014. AMY BERMAN JACKSON, judge; appointed March of 2011; prior to joining the Court, engaged in private practice in Washington, DC as a member of Trout Cacheris, specializing in complex criminal and civil trials and appeals; earlier, partner at Venable, Baetjer, Howard, and Civiletti; Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1980–86; received Department of Justice Special Achievement Awards for work on murder and sexual assault cases; J.D., cum laude, Harvard Law School, 1979; A.B. cum laude, Harvard College, 1976; law clerk to the Honorable Harrison L. Winter of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; lectured on corporate criminal investigations and has been a regular teacher at the National Institute of Trial Advocacy, the Georgetown University Law Center CLE Intensive Session in Trial Advocacy Skills, and the Harvard Law School Trial Advocacy workshop; while in private practice, was elected to serve as a DC Bar delegate to the ABA House of Delegates; active in the ABA Litigation Section, the ABA Criminal Justice Section White Collar Crime Committee, and DC Bar and Women’s Bar Association committee activities; member of the Parent Steering Committee of the Interdisciplinary Council on Devel- opmental and Learning Disorders; served on the Board of the DC Rape Crisis Center and other educational and community organizations. RUDOLPH CONTRERAS, judge, appointed to the District Court in March 2012. Prior to joining the District Court, Judge Contreras served from 2006 to 2012 as the Chief of the Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office of the District of Columbia. In that capacity, he supervised 39 Assistant United States Attorneys who defend and bring civil cases on behalf of the United States. Judge Contreras was awarded his Bachelor of Science degree from Florida State University in 1984 and his Juris Doctor degree, cum laude, from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1991, where he was a member of the Order of the Coif and Editor of the University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Following law school, Judge Contreras joined the law firm of Jones, Day, Reavis and Pogue, where he was an Associate in the General Litigation Group. In 1994, Judge Contreras joined the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia as an Assistant United States Attorney in the Civil Division, where he was responsible for a wide array of cases, including employment, Federal Tort Claims Act, Administrative Procedure Act, Bivens and Affirmative Civil Enforcement matters. In 2003, Judge Contreras left the DC Office to become the Chief of the Civil Division for the United States Attorney’s Office in Delaware, where he oversaw that civil program and personally handled a wide variety of matters, including environmental and health care fraud cases. KETANJI BROWN JACKSON, judge, received her commission as a United States District Judge in March 2013. Until December 2014, she also served as a Vice Chair and Commissioner on the United States Sentencing Commission, and she taught a seminar on Sentencing Policy at the George Washington University Law School as an adjunct professor. Prior to her service on the Commission, Judge Jackson was Of Counsel at Morrison and Foerster LLP for three years, with a practice that focused on criminal and civil appellate litigation in both state and federal courts, as well as cases in the Supreme Court of the United States. From 2005 until 2007, prior to joining Morrison and Foerster LLP, Judge Jackson served as an assistant federal public defender in the Appeals Division of the Office of the Federal Public Defender in the District of Columbia. Before that appointment, Judge Jackson worked as an assistant special counsel at the United States Sentencing Commission and as an associate with two law firms, one specializing in white collar criminal defense, the other focusing on the negotiated settlement of mass-tort claims. Judge Jackson also served as a law clerk to three federal judges: Associate Justice Stephen G. Breyer of the Supreme Court of the United States (October Term 1999), Judge Bruce M. Selya of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (1997–1998), and Judge Patti B. Saris of the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts (1996–1997). She received an A.B., magna cum laude,in Government from Harvard-Radcliffe College in 1992, and, in 1996, a J.D., cum laude, from Harvard Law School, where she served as a supervising editor of the Harvard Law Review. CHRISTOPHER R. COOPER, judge; born Mobile, Alabama, 1966; son of Paulette Reid Cooper and William Madison Cooper; graduated Trinity Preparatory School, Winter Park, Florida, 1984; B.A., summa cum laude, in economics and political science, Yale University, 872 Congressional Directory

1988, and member of Phi Beta Kappa; Research Analyst, Strategic Planning Associates, Washington, DC, 1988–90; J.D., with distinction, Stanford Law School, 1993; President, Vol- ume 45, Stanford Law Review, 1992–93; Board Member, East Palo Alto Community Law Project, 1992–93; Law Clerk to then-Chief Judge Abner J. Mikva, United States Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit, 1993–94; United States Department of Justice, Special Assistant to the Deputy Attorney General, Washington, DC, 1994–96; Associate (1996–2000) and Partner (2000), Miller, Cassidy, Larroca and Lewin LLC, Washington, DC; Partner, Baker Botts LLP, Washington, DC (2000–10) and London (2010–12); Partner, Covington and Burling LLP, London (2012–13) and Washington, DC (2013–14); appointed to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia on March 28, 2014. TANYA S. CHUTKAN, judge; born in Kingston, Jamaica; daughter of Dr. Winston Chutkan and Noelle Chutkan, Esq.; B.A., George Washington University, 1983; J.D., University of Pennsylvania Law School, 1987 (Associate Editor, Law Review; Arthur Littleton Legal Writing Fellow); Associate, Hogan and Hartson LLP, 1987–90; Associate, Donovan, Leisure, Rogovin, Huge and Schiller, 1990–91; Staff Attorney and Supervisor, Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia, 1991–2002; Counsel and Partner, Boies, Schiller and Flexner LLP, 2002–14; Steering Committee, Criminal Law and Individual Rights Section of the District of Columbia Bar, 2000–03; member of Visiting Faculty, Harvard Law School Trial Advocacy Workshop; nominated judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Obama; confirmed by the Senate on June 4, 2014; took the oath of office on July 25, 2014. RANDOLPH D. MOSS, judge, born Springfield, Ohio 1961; son of Dr. Howard A. Moss and Adrienne Moss. A.B., summa cum laude, phi beta kappa, philosophy, from Hamilton College in 1983; J.D., Yale Law School, 1986. Law clerk to Judge Pierre Leval, United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, 1986–87. Law clerk to Justice John Paul Stevens, United States Supreme Court, 1988–89. Private practice at Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering, first as associate then as partner, 1989–96. Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel 1996–2001; Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 1996–98; Acting Assistant Attorney General, 1998–00; Assistant Attorney General, 2000–01. Partner, Wilmer, Cutler, Pickering Hale and Dorr, 2001–14; chair of the firm’s Regulatory and Government Affairs Department. Confirmed to the bench November 2014. AMIT MEHTA, judge; born Patan, India; son of Priyavadan and Ragini Mehta. B.A., magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa in political science and economics from Georgetown University, 1993; J.D., Order of the Coif, University of Virginia, 1997; Law Clerk to Judge Susan P. Graber, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 1998–1999; Associate, Counsel and Partner, Zuckerman Spaeder, LLP, 1999–2002, 2007–2014; Staff Attorney, Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia, 2002–2007; Judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 2014–present.

SENIOR JUDGES

THOMAS F. HOGAN, senior judge; born in Washington, DC, 1938; son of Adm. Bar- tholomew W. (MC) (USN) Surgeon Gen., USN, 1956–62, and Grace (Gloninger) Hogan; Georgetown Preparatory School, 1956; A.B., Georgetown University (classical), 1960; master’s program, American and English literature, George Washington University, 1960–62; J.D., Georgetown University, 1965–66; Honorary Degree, Doctor of Laws, Georgetown University Law Center, May 1999; St. Thomas More Fellow, Georgetown University Law Center, 1965– 66; American Jurisprudence Award: Corporation Law; member, bars of the District of Columbia and Maryland; law clerk to Hon. William B. Jones, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 1966–67; counsel, Federal Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws, 1967–68; private practice of law in the District of Columbia and Maryland, 1968–82; adjunct professor of law, Potomac School of Law, 1977–79; adjunct professor of law, Georgetown University Law Center, 1986–88; public member, officer evaluation board, U.S. Foreign Serv- ice, 1973; member: American Bar Association, State Chairman, Maryland Drug Abuse Edu- cation Program, Young Lawyers Section (1970–73), District of Columbia Bar Association, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, Maryland State Bar Association, Montgomery County Bar Association, National Institute for Trial Advocacy, Defense Research Institute, The Barristers, The Lawyers Club; chairman, board of directors, Christ Child Institute for Emotionally Ill Children, 1971–74; served on many committees; USDC Executive Committee; Conference Committee on Administration of Federal Magistrates System, 1988–91; chairman, Inter-Circuit Assignment Committee, 1990–present; appointed judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Reagan on October 4, 1982; chief judge, June 19, 2001; member: Judicial Conference of the United States 2001–present; Executive Committee U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia 873 of the Judicial Conference, July 2001–08, Chair 2005–2008; Edward J. Devitt Distinguished Service to Justice Award, 2011; Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, 2011–2013; member, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, 2009–present, Presiding Judge 2014–present. ROYCE C. LAMBERTH, senior judge; born in San Antonio, TX, 1943; son of Nell Elizabeth Synder and Larimore S. Lamberth, Sr.; South San Antonio High School, 1961; B.A., University of Texas at Austin, 1966; LL.B., University of Texas School of Law, 1967; permanent president, class of 1967, University of Texas School of Law; U.S. Army (Captain, Judge Advocate General’s Corps, 1968–74; Vietnam Service Medal, Air Medal, Bronze Star with Oak Leaf Cluster, Meritorious Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster); assistant U.S. attorney, District of Columbia, 1974–87 (chief, civil division, 1978–87); Presi- dent’s Reorganization Project, Federal Legal Representation Study, 1978–79; honorary faculty, Army Judge Advocate General’s School, 1976; Attorney General’s Special Commendation Award; Attorney General’s John Marshall Award, 1982; vice chairman, Armed Services and Veterans Affairs Committee, Section on Administrative Law, American Bar Association, 1979– 82, chairman, 1983–84; chairman, Professional Ethics Committee, 1989–91; co-chairman, Com- mittee of Article III Judges, Judiciary Section 1989–present; chairman, Federal Litigation Section, 1986–87; chairman, Federal Rules Committee, 1985–86; deputy chairman, Council of the Federal Lawyer, 1980–83; chairman, Career Service Committee, Federal Bar Association, 1978–80; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Reagan, November 16, 1987; appointed by Chief Justice Rehnquist to be presiding judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, May 1995–2002. GLADYS KESSLER, senior judge; born in New York, NY, 1938; B.A., Cornell University, 1959; LL.B. Harvard Law School, 1962; member: American Judicature Society (board of directors, 1985–89); National Center for State Courts (board of directors, 1984–87); National Association of Women Judges (president, 1983–84); Women Judges’ Fund for Justice, (presi- dent, 1980–82); Fellows of the American Bar Foundation; President’s Council of Cornell Women; American Law Institute; American Bar Association—committees: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Bioethics and AIDS; Executive Committee, Conference of Federal Trial Judges; private law practice-partner, Roisman, Kessler and Cashdan, 1969–77; associate judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 1977–94; court administrative activities: District of Columbia Courts Joint Committee on Judicial Administration, 1989–94; Domestic Violence Coordinating Council (chairperson, 1993–94); Multi-Door Dispute Resolution Program (supervising judge, 1985–90); family division, D.C. Superior Court (presiding judge, 1981–85); Einshac Institute Board of Directors; U.S. Judicial Conference Committee on Court Administration and Court Management; Frederick B. Abramson Memorial Foundation Board of Directors; Our Place Board of Directors; Vice Chair, District of Columbia Judicial Disabilities and Tenure Commis- sion; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Clinton, June 16, 1994, and took oath of office, July 18, 1994. PAUL L. FRIEDMAN, senior judge; born in Buffalo, NY, 1944; son of Cecil A. and Charlotte Wagner Friedman; B.A. (political science), Cornell University, 1965; J.D., cum laude, School of Law, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1968; admitted to the bars of the District of Columbia, New York, U.S. Supreme Court, and U.S. Courts of Appeals for the D.C., Federal, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Ninth and Eleventh Circuits; Law Clerk to Judge Aubrey E. Robinson, Jr., U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 1968–69; Law Clerk to Judge Roger Robb, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 1969–70; Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, 1970–74; assistant to the Solicitor General of the United States, 1974–76; associate independent counsel, Iran- Contra investigation, 1987–88, private law practice, White and Case (partner, 1979–94; asso- ciate, 1976–79); member: American Bar Association, Commission on Multidisciplinary Practice (1998–2000), District of Columbia Bar (president, 1986–87), American Law Institute (1984) and ALI Council, 1998, American Academy of Appellate Lawyers, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, Women’s Bar Association of the District of Columbia, Washington Bar Association, Hispanic Bar Association, Assistant United States Attorneys Association of the District of Columbia (president, 1976–77), Civil Justice Reform Act Advisory Group (chair, 1991–94), District of Columbia Judicial Nomination Commission (member, 1990–94; chair, 1992–94), Advisory Committee on Procedures, U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (1982–88), Grievance Committee; U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (member, 1981–87; chair, 1983–85); fellow, American College of Trial Lawyers; fellow, American Bar Foundation; board of directors: Frederick B. Abramson Memorial Foundation (president, 1991–94), Washington Area Lawyers for the Arts (1988–92), Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless (member, 1987–92; vice-president 1988–91), Stuart Stiller Memorial Foundation (1980–94), American Judicature Society (1990–94), District of Columbia Public Defender Service (1989–92); member: Cosmos Club, Lawyers Club of Washington; appointed 874 Congressional Directory judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Clinton, June 16, 1994, and took oath of office August 1, 1994; U.S. Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Federal Criminal Rules. ELLEN SEGAL HUVELLE, senior judge; born in Boston, MA, 1948; daughter of Robert M. Segal, Esq. and Sharlee Segal; B.A., Wellesley College, 1970; Masters in City Planning, Yale University, 1972; J.D., magna cum laude, Boston College Law School, 1975 (Order of the Coif; Articles Editor of the Law Review); law clerk to Chief Justice Edward F. Hennessey, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1975–76; associate, Williams and Connolly, 1976–84; partner, Williams and Connolly, 1984–90; associate judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia, 1990–99; appointed judge, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by President Clinton in October 1999, and took oath of office on February 25, 2000. Member: American Bar Association, District of Columbia Bar, Women’s Bar Association; Fellow of the American Bar Foundation; Master in the Edward Bennett Williams Inn of Court and member of the Inn’s Executive Committee; instructor of Trial Advocacy at the University of Virginia Law School; member of Visiting Faculty at Harvard Law School’s Trial Advocacy Workshop; Boston College Law School Board of Overseers; seminar instructor at the Peking University School of Transnational Law in Shenzhen, 2010; faculty, CEELI Institute for training Tunisian judges, 2012; appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States to Judicial Conference Committee on Judicial Resources, 2002–09, Judicial Conference Committee on Criminal Law, 2011–present, Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, 2013–present. JOHN D. BATES, senior judge; born in Elizabeth, NJ, 1946; son of Richard D. and Sarah (Deacon) Bates; B.A., Wesleyan University, 1968; J.D., University of Maryland School of Law, 1976; U.S. Army (1968–71, 1st Lt., Vietnam Service Medal, Bronze Star); law clerk to Hon. Roszel Thomsen, U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, 1976– 77; Assistant U.S. Attorney, District of Columbia, 1980–97 (Chief, Civil Division, 1987– 97); Director’s Award for Superior Performance (1983); Attorney General’s Special commenda- tion Award (1986); Deputy Independent Counsel, Whitewater Investigation, 1995–97; private practice of law, Miller and Chevalier (partner, 1998–2001), Chair of Government Contracts Litigation Department and member of Executive Committee), Steptoe and Johnson (associate, 1977–80); District of Columbia Circuit Advisory Committee for Procedures, 1989–93; Civil Justice Reform Committee of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 1996– 2001; Treasurer, D.C. Bar, 1992–93; Publications Committee, D.C. Bar (1991–97, Chair 1994– 97); D.C. Bar Special Committee on Government Lawyers, 1990–91; D.C. Bar Task Force on Civility in the Profession, 1994–96; D.C. Bar Committee on Examination of Rule 49, 1995–96; Chairman, Litigation Section, Federal Bar Association, 1986–89; Board of Directors, Washington Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs, 1999–2001; appointed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia in December, 2001; presiding judge, United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, 2009–13; Director, Administrative Office of United States Courts, 2013–14; Chairman, Advisory Committee on Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 2015–present.

OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Bankruptcy Judge.—S. Martin Teel, Jr. United States Magistrate Judges: Alan Kay; Deborah A. Robinson; G. Michael Harvey. Clerk of Court.—Angela Caesar. Administrative Assistant to the Chief Judge.—Vacant. UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

One Federal Plaza, New York, NY 10278–0001, phone (212) 264–2800

TIMOTHY C. STANCEU, chief judge; born in Canton, OH; A.B., Colgate University, 1973; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 1979; appointed to the U.S. Court of Inter- national Trade by President George W. Bush and began serving on April 15, 2003; prior to appointment, private practice for 13 years in Washington, DC, with the law firm Hogan and Hartson, L.L.P., during which he represented clients in a variety of matters involving customs and international trade law; Deputy Director, Office of Trade and Tariff Affairs, U.S. Department of the Treasury; where his responsibilities involved the regulatory and enforce- ment matters of the U.S. Customs Service and other agencies; Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of the Office of Enforcement, U.S. Department of the Treasury; Program Analyst and Environmental Protection Specialist, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, where he concentrated on the development and review of regulations on various environmental subjects. DELISSA A. RIDGWAY, judge; born in Kirksville, MO, June 28, 1955; B.A. (honors), University of Missouri-Columbia, 1975; graduate work, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1975–76; J.D., Northeastern University School of Law, 1979; Duke University School of Law, LL.M. in Judicial Studies - 2014; Shaw Pittman Potts and Trowbridge (Washington, DC), 1979–94; Chair, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the U.S., 1994–98; Adjunct Professor of Law, Cornell Law School, 1999–present; Adjunct Professor of Law/Lecturer, Washington College of Law / The American University, 1992–94; District of Columbia Bar, Secretary, 1991–92; Board of Governors, 1992–98; President, Women’s Bar Association, 1992– 93; American Bar Association, Standing Committee on Federal Judicial Improvements (2008– 11); Co-Chair, Section of Litigation Task Force on Implicit Bias (2010–13); Commission on Women in the Profession, 2002–05; Federal Bar Association, National Council, 1993– 2002, 2003–present; Government Relations Committee, 1996–2008, Public Relations Committee Chair, 1998–99; Board of Directors, Federal Bar Building Corporation; Executive Committee, National Conference of Federal Trial Judges, 2004–11; Chair, National Conference of Federal Trial Judges, 2009–10; Board of Directors, American Judicature Society (2010–present); Found- ing Member of Board, D.C. Conference on Opportunities for Minorities in the Legal Profession, 1992–93; Chair, D.C. Bar Summit on Women in the Legal Profession, 1995–98; Fellow, American Bar Foundation; Member, American Law Institute; Fellow, Federal Bar Foundation; Earl W. Kintner Award of the Federal Bar Association (2000); Woman Lawyer of the Year, Washington, DC (2001); Distinguished Visiting Scholar-in-Residence, University of Missouri- Columbia (2003); sworn in as a judge to the U.S. Court of International Trade in May 1998. LEO M. GORDON, judge; graduate of Newark Academy in Livingston, NJ; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Phi Beta Kappa, 1973; J.D., Emory University School of Law, 1977; member of the Bars of New Jersey, Georgia and the District of Columbia; Assistant Counsel at the Subcommittee on Monopolies and Commercial Law, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, 1977–81; in that capacity, Judge Gordon was the principal attorney responsible for the Customs Courts Act of 1980 that created the U.S. Court of International Trade; for 25 years, Judge Gordon was on the staff at the Court, serving first as Assistant Clerk from 1981–99, and then Clerk of the Court from 1999–2006; appointed to the U.S. Court of International Trade in March 2006. MARK A. BARNETT, judge; graduated magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa from Dickinson College; studied at the Dickinson Center for European Studies; J.D., cum laude from the University of Michigan Law School; member of the Bars of Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia and admitted to practice before the U.S. Court of International Trade and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; practiced in the international trade group at Steptoe and Johnson; joined the Office of Chief Counsel for Import Administration at the U.S. Department of Commerce as a staff attorney, served as a senior counsel, and subsequently served as the Deputy Chief Counsel for Import Administration; member of the U.S. negotiating teams for the U.S.-Morocco Free Trade Agreement, the World Trade Organization’s Doha Round Rules Negotiating Group, and the Trans-Pacific Partnership; rep- 875 876 Congressional Directory resented the United States before dispute settlement panels and the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization and binational panels composed under the North American Free Trade Agreement; detailed to the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Trade as a Trade Counsel; served two terms as a member of the board of directors of the International Model United Nations Association, Inc., including Vice-Chairman and Chairman; nominated to the U.S. Court of International Trade by President Obama on July 12, 2012, and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 23, 2013. CLAIRE R. KELLY, judge; born in New York, NY. Married to Joseph A DiBartolo. Child: Joseph J. DiBartolo. Attended Sacred Heart Academy, Hempstead, NY; Barnard College, B.A. 1987, cum laude; and Brooklyn Law School, J.D., 1993, magna cum laude. Professional experience: Coudert Brothers (1993–97) associated; Brooklyn Law School (1997–2013), Legal Writing Instructor, Associate Professor of Law and Professor of Law and Co-Director of the Dennis J. Block Center for the Study of International Business Law. Elected Member of the American Law Institute, 2011; nominated to the U.S. Court of International Trade by President Obama on November 14, 2012, and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 23, 2013.

SENIOR JUDGES

GREGORY W. CARMAN, senior judge; born in Farmingdale, Long Island, NY; son of Nassau County District Court Judge Willis B. and Marjorie Sosa Carman; B.A., St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY, 1958; J.D., St. John’s University School of Law (honors program), 1961; University of Virginia Law School, JAG (with honors), 1962; admitted to New York Bar, 1961; practiced law with firm of Carman, Callahan and Sabino, Farmingdale, NY; admitted to practice: U.S. Court of Military Appeals, 1962, U.S. District Courts, Eastern and Southern Districts of New York, 1965, Second Circuit Court of Appeals, 1966, Supreme Court of the United States, 1967, U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia, 1982; Council- man Town of Oyster Bay, 1972–80; member, U.S. House of Representatives, 97th Congress; member, Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs Committee and Select Committee on Aging; member, International Trade, Investment, and Monetary Policy Subcommittee; U.S. Congres- sional Delegate to International I.M.F. Conference; nominated by President Reagan, confirmed and appointed Judge of the U.S. Court of International Trade, March 2, 1983; Acting Chief Judge, 1991; Chief Judge, 1996–2003; Statutory Member, Judicial Conference of United States; member, Executive Committee, Judicial Branch Committee, and Subcommittees on Long Range Planning, Benefits, Civic Education, and Seminars; Captain, U.S. Army, 1958–64; awarded Army Commendation Medal for Meritorious Service, 1964; member, Rotary International, 1964–present; named Paul Harris Fellow of the Rotary Foundation of Rotary International; member, Holland Society, and recipient of its 1999 Gold Medal for Distinguished Achievement in Jurisprudence; member, Federal Bar Association, American Bar Association, Fellow of American Bar Foundation, New York State Bar Association; member, and former Chair, New York State Bar Association’s Committee on Courts and the Community, and recipient of its 1996 Special Recognition Award; Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, Nova Southeastern University, 1999; Distinguished Jurist in Residence, Touro College Law Center, 2000; Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, St. John’s University, 2002; Inaugural Lecturer, DiCarlo U.S. Court of International Trade Lecture, John Marshall Law School, 2003; Distinguished Alumni Cita- tion, St. Lawrence University, 2003; Italian Board of Guardians Public Service Award, 2003; director and member, Respect for Law Alliance, Inc.; Recipient of Respect for Law Alliance, 2010, Judiciary Leader Award; Executive Committee member and past president, Theodore Roosevelt American Inn of Court; past president, Protestant Lawyers Association of Long Island; member, Vestry, St. Thomas’s Episcopal Church, Farmingdale, NY; married to Nancy Endruschat (deceased); children: Gregory Wright, Jr., John Frederick, James Matthew, and Mira Catherine; married to Judith L. Dennehy. JANE A. RESTANI, senior judge; born in San Francisco, CA, 1948; parents: Emilia C. and Roy J. Restani; husband: Ira Bloom; B.A., University of California at Berkeley, 1969; J.D., University of California at Davis, 1973; law review staff writer, 1971–72; articles editor, 1972–73; member, Order of the Coif; elected to Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society; admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the State of California, 1973; joined the civil division of the Department of Justice under the Attorney General’s Honor Program in 1973 as a trial attorney; assistant chief commercial litigation section, civil division, 1976–80; director, commercial litigation branch, civil division, 1980–83; recipient of the John Marshall Award of outstanding legal achievement in 1983; Judicial Improvements Committee (now Committee on Court Administration and Case Management) of the Judicial Conference of the United States, 1987–94; Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, and liaison to the Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 1994–96; member, Judicial Conference of the United States, 2003–10; Executive Committee of the Judicial Conference, 2010; ABA Standing Committee on Customs Laws, 1990–93; U.S. Court of International Trade 877 and the Board of Directors, New York State Association of Women Judges, 1992–present; nominated to the United States Court of International Trade on November 2, 1983 by President Reagan; entered upon the duties of that office on November 25, 1983; Chief Judge, 2003– 10.

THOMAS J. AQUILINO, JR., senior judge; born in Mount Kisco, NY, December 7, 1939; son of Thomas J. and Virginia B. (Doughty) Aquilino; married to Edith Berndt Aquilino; children: Christopher Thomas, Philip Andrew, Alexander Berndt; attended Cornell University, 1957–59; B.A., Drew University, 1959–60, 1961–62; University of Munich, Germany, 1960– 61; Free University of Berlin, Germany, 1965–66; J.D., Rutgers University School of Law, 1966–69; research assistant, Prof. L.F.E. Goldie (Resources for the Future-Ford Foundation), 1967–69; administrator, Northern Region, 1969 Jessup International Law Moot Court Competi- tion; served in the U.S. Army, 1962–65; law clerk, Hon. John M. Cannella, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, 1969–71; attorney with Davis Polk and Wardwell, New York, NY, 1971–85; admitted to practice New York, U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Court of Appeals for Second and Third Circuits, U.S. Court of International Trade, U.S. Court of Claims, U.S. District Courts for Eastern, Southern and Northern Districts of New York, Interstate Commerce Commission; adjunct professor of law, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, 1984–95; Mem., Drew University Board of Visitors, 1997–present; appointed to the U.S. Court of International Trade by President Reagan on February 22, 1985; confirmed by U.S. Senate, April 3, 1985. NICHOLAS TSOUCALAS, senior judge; born in New York, NY, August 24, 1926; one of five children of George M. and Maria (Monogenis) Tsoucalas; married to Catherine Aravantinos; two daughters: Stephanie and Georgia; five grandchildren; B.S., Kent State Univer- sity, 1949; LL.B., New York Law School, 1951; attended New York University Law School; entered U.S. Navy, 1944–46; served in the American and European Theaters of War on board the USS Oden, the USS Monticello and USS Europa; reentered Navy, 1951–52 and served on the carrier, USS Wasp; admitted to New York Bar, 1953; appointed Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, 1955–59; appointed in 1959 as supervisor of 1960 census for the 17th and 18th Congressional Districts; appointed chairman, Board of Commissioners of Appraisal; appointed judge of Criminal Court of the City of New York, 1968; designated acting Supreme Court Justice, Kings and Queens Counties, 1975– 82; resumed service as judge of the Criminal Court of the City of New York until June 1986; former chairman: Committee on Juvenile Delinquency, Federal Bar Association, and the Subcommittee on Public Order and Responsibility of the American Citizenship Committee of the New York County Lawyers’ Association; member of the American Bar Association, New York State Bar Association; founder of Eastern Orthodox Lawyers’ Association; former president: Greek-American Lawyers’ Association, and Board of Directors of Greek Orthodox Church of ‘‘Evangelismos’’, St. John’s Theologos Society, and Parthenon Foundation; member, Order of Ahepa, Parthenon Lodge, F.A.M.; appointed judge of the U.S. Court of International Trade by President Reagan on September 9, 1985, and confirmed by U.S. Senate on June 6, 1986; assumed senior status on September 30, 1996. R. KENTON MUSGRAVE, senior judge; born in Clearwater, FL, September 7, 1927; married May 7, 1949 to former Ruth Shippen Hoppe, of Atlanta, GA; three children: Laura Marie Musgrave (deceased), Ruth Shippen Musgrave, Esq., and Forest Kenton Musgrave; attended Augusta Academy (Virginia); B.A., University of Washington, 1948; editorial staff, Journal of International Law, Emory University; J.D., with distinction, Emory University, 1953; assistant general counsel, Lockheed Aircraft and Lockheed International, 1953–62; vice president and general counsel, Mattel, Inc., 1963–71; director, Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Combined Shows, Inc., 1968–72; commissioner, BSA (Atlanta), 1952–55; partner, Musgrave, Welbourn and Fertman, 1972–75; assistant general counsel, Pacific Enterprises, 1975–81; vice president, general counsel and secretary, Vivitar Corporation, 1981–85; vice president and director, Santa Barbara Applied Research Corp., 1982–87; trustee, Morris Animal Foundation, 1981–94; director Emeritus, Pet Protection Society, 1981–present; director, Dol- phins of Shark Bay (Australia) Foundation, 1985–present; trustee, The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, 1987–present; trustee, The Ocean Conservancy, 2000–present; vice president and director, South Bay Social Services Group, 1963–70; director, Palos Verdes Community Arts Associa- tion, 1973–79; member, Governor of Florida’s Council of 100, 1970–73; director, Orlando Bank and Trust, 1970–73; counsel, League of Women Voters, 1964–66; member, State Bar of Georgia, 1953–present; State Bar of California, 1962–present; Los Angeles County Bar Association, 1962–87 and chairman, Corporate Law Departments Section, 1965–66; admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court, 1962; Supreme Court of Georgia, 1953; California Supreme Court, 1962; U.S. Customs Court, 1967; U.S. Court of International Trade, 1980; nominated to the U.S. Court of International Trade by President Reagan on July 1, 1987; confirmed by the Senate on November 9, and took oath of office on November 13, 1987. 878 Congressional Directory

RICHARD W. GOLDBERG, senior judge; born in Fargo, ND, September 23, 1927; married; two children, a daughter and a son; J.D., University of Miami, 1952; served on active duty as an Air Force Judge Advocate, 1953–56; admitted to Washington, DC Bar, Florida Bar and North Dakota Bar; from 1959 to 1983, owned and operated a regional grain processing firm in North Dakota; served as State Senator from North Dakota for eight years; taught military law for the Army and Air Force ROTC at North Dakota State University; was vice-chairman of the board of Minneapolis Grain Exchange; joined the Reagan Administration in 1983 in Washington at the U.S. Department of Agriculture; served as Deputy Under Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs and later as Acting Under Sec- retary; in 1990 joined the Washington, DC law firm of Anderson, Hibey and Blair; appointed judge of the U.S. Court of International Trade in 1991; assumed senior status in 2001. DONALD C. POGUE, senior judge; graduated magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa from Dartmouth College; did graduate work at the University of Essex, England; J.D., Yale Law School and a Masters of Philosophy, Yale University; married 1971; served as judge in Connecticut’s Superior Court; appointed to the bench in 1994; served as chairman of Connecti- cut’s Commission on Hospitals and Health Care; practiced law in Hartford for 15 years; lectured on labor law at the University of Connecticut School of Law; assisted in teaching the Harvard Law School’s program on negotiations and dispute resolution for lawyers; chaired the Connecticut Bar Association’s Labor and Employment Law Section; appointed a judge of the United States Court of International Trade in 1995; Chief Judge, 2010–14; prior to becoming judge, he chaired the Court’s Long Range Planning Committee and Budget Committee; he also chaired the Judicial Conference’s Committee on the Administrative Office; service by designation in the 2d, 3d, 5th, 9th, 11th and Federal Circuits and in the D.C. and New York Southern district courts. Judge Pogue also serves as a member of the Judicial Conference. JUDITH M. BARZILAY, senior judge; born in Russell, KS, January 3, 1944; husband, Sal (Doron) Barzilay; children, Ilan and Michael; parents, Arthur and Hilda Morgenstern; B.A., Wichita State University, 1965; M.L.S., Rutgers University School of Library and Infor- mation Science, 1971; J.D., Rutgers University School of Law, 1981, Moot Court Board, 1980–81; trial attorney, U.S. Department of Justice (International Trade Field Office), 1983– 86; litigation associate, Siegel, Mandell and Davidson, New York, NY, 1986–88; Sony Corpora- tion of America, 1988–98; customs and international trade counsel, 1988–89; vice-president for import and export operations, 1989–96; vice-president for government affairs, 1996–98; executive board of the American Association of Exporters and Importers, 1993–98; appointed by Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin to the Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of the United States Customs Service, 1995–98; nominated for appointment on January 27, 1998 by President Clinton; sworn in as judge June 3, 1998. RICHARD K. EATON, senior judge; born in Walton, NY; married to Susan Henshaw Jones; two children: Alice and Elizabeth; attended Walton public schools; B.A., Ithaca College, J.D., Union University Albany Law School, 1974; professional experience: Eaton and Eaton, partner; Mudge Rose Guthrie Alexander and Ferdon, New York, NY, associate and partner; Stroock and Stroock and Lavan, partner; served on the staff of Senator Daniel Patrick Moy- nihan; confirmed by the United States Senate to the U.S. Court of International Trade on October 22, 1999.

OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Clerk.—Tina Potuto Kimble (212) 264–2814. UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS

Lafayette Square, 717 Madison Place, NW., 20439, phone (202) 357–6406

PATRICIA E. CAMPBELL-SMITH, chief judge; born in Baltimore, MD, 1966; B.S.E.E., Duke University, 1987; J.D., Tulane Law School, 1992; admitted to the Bar of Louisiana; judicial extern to Hon. John Minor Wisdom, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, 1991; law clerk to Hon. Martin L. C. Feldman, U.S. District Court for Eastern District of Louisiana, 1992–93; associate, Liskow and Lewis, 1993–96, 1997–98; law clerk to Hon. Sarah S. Vance (Chief Judge), U.S. District Court for Eastern District of Louisiana, 1996– 97; senior law clerk to Hon. Emily C. Hewitt (Chief Judge), U.S. Court of Federal Claims, 1998–2005; special master, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, 2005–11; chief special master, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, 2011–13; appointed to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims by President Obama on September 19, 2013; appointed chief judge on October 21, 2013.

MARIAN BLANK HORN, judge; born in New York, NY, 1943; daughter of Werner P. and Mady R. Blank; married to Robert Jack Horn; three daughters; attended Fieldston School, New York, NY, Barnard College, Columbia University and Fordham University School of Law; admitted to practice U.S. Supreme Court, 1973, Federal and State courts in New York, 1970, and Washington, DC, 1973; assistant district attorney, Deputy Chief Appeals Bureau, Bronx County, NY, 1969–72; attorney, Arent, Fox, Kintner, Plotkin and Kahn, 1972– 73; adjunct professor of law, Washington College of Law, American University, 1973–76; litigation attorney, Federal Energy Administration, 1975–76; senior attorney, Office of General Counsel, Strategic Petroleum Reserve Branch, Department of Energy, 1976–79; deputy assistant general counsel for procurement and financial incentives, Department of Energy, 1979–81; deputy associate solicitor, Division of Surface Mining, Department of the Interior, 1981– 83; associate solicitor, Division of General Law, Department of the Interior, 1983–85; principal deputy solicitor and acting solicitor, Department of Interior, 1985–86; adjunct professor of law, George Washington University National Law Center, 1991–present; Woodrow Wilson Visiting Fellow, 1994; assumed duties of judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims in 1986 and confirmed for a second term in 2003.

LAWRENCE J. BLOCK, judge, born in New York City, March 15, 1951; son of Jerome Block and Eve Silver; B.A., magna cum laude, New York University, 1973; J.D., The John Marshall Law School, 1981; law clerk for Hon. Roger J. Miner, United States District Court Judge for Northern District of New York, 1981–83; associate, New York office of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom, 1983–86; attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, U.S. Depart- ment of Justice, 1986; senior attorney-advisor, Office of Legal Policy and Policy Development, U.S. Department of Justice, 1987–90; adjunct professor, George Mason University School of Law, 1990–91; acting general counsel for legal policy and deputy assistant general counsel for legal policy, U.S. Department of Energy, 1990–94; senior counsel, Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, 1994–02; admitted to the bar of Connecticut; admitted to practice in the U.S. Supreme Court, 1982, the United States District Court for the northern district of New York, 1982, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, 1985, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, 1985; appointed by President George W. Bush on October 3, 2002, to a 15–year term as judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims.

SUSAN G. BRADEN, judge, born in Youngstown, OH, November 8, 1948; married to Thomas M. Susman; daughter (Daily); B.A., Case Western Reserve University, 1970; J.D., Case Western Reserve University School of Law, 1973; post graduate study Harvard Law School, Summer, 1979; private practice, 1985–2003 (1997–2003 Baker and McKenzie); Federal Trade Commission: special counsel to Chairman, 1984–85, senior attorney advisor to Commis- sioner and Acting Chairman, 1980–83; U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, Senior Trial Attorney, Energy Section, 1978–80; Cleveland Field Office, 1973–78; Special Assistant Attorney General for the State of Alabama, 1990; Consultant to the Administrative Conference of the United States, 1984–85; 2000 co-chair, Lawyers for Bush-Cheney; General Counsel Presidential Debate for Dole-Kemp Campaign, 1996; counsel to RNC Platform, 1996; coordi- nator for Regulatory Reform and Antitrust Policy, Dole Presidential Campaign, 1995–96; 879 880 Congressional Directory

National Steering Committee, Lawyers for Bush-Quayle, 1992; Assistant General Counsel, Republican National Convention, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000; elected At-Large Member, D.C. Republican National Committee, 2000–02; member of the American Bar Association (Council Member, Section on Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice, 1996–99), Federal Circuit Bar Association, District of Columbia Bar Association, Computer Law Bar Association; admit- ted to the Supreme Court of Ohio, 1973, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 1980, U.S. Supreme Court, 1980; U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, 1992; U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 1993, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 2001; appointed to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims by President George W. Bush on July 14, 2003.

CHARLES F. LETTOW, judge, born in Iowa Falls, IA, 1941; son of Carl F. and Catherine Lettow; B.S.Ch.E., Iowa State University, 1962; LL.B., Stanford University, 1968, Order of the Coif; M.A., Brown University, 2001; Note Editor, Stanford Law Review; married to B. Sue Lettow; children: Renee Burnett, Carl Frederick II, John Stangland, and Paul Vorbeck; served U.S. Army, 1963–65; law clerk to Judge Ben C. Duniway, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 1968–69, and Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, Supreme Court of the United States, 1969–70; counsel, Council on Environmental Quality, Executive Office of the President, 1970–73; associate (1973–76) and partner (1976–2003), Cleary, Gott- lieb, Steen and Hamilton, Washington, DC; admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. Courts of Appeals for the D.C., Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Federal Circuits, the U.S. District Courts for the District of Columbia, the Northern District of California, and the District of Maryland, and the U.S. Court of Federal Claims; member: American Law Institute, the American Bar Association, the D.C. Bar, the California State Bar, the Iowa State Bar Association, and the Maryland State Bar; nominated by President George W. Bush to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims in 2001 and confirmed and took office in 2003.

MARY ELLEN COSTER WILLIAMS, judge; born in Flushing, NY, April 3, 1953; married with two children; B.A. summa cum laude (Greek and Latin) and M.A. (Latin), The Catholic University of America, 1974; J.D. Duke University, 1977; Editorial Board, Duke Law Journal, 1976–77; admitted to the District of Columbia Bar; associate, Fulbright and Jaworski, 1977– 79; associate, Schnader, Harrison, Segal and Lewis, 1979–83; Assistant U.S. Attorney, Civil Division, District of Columbia, 1983–87; partner, Janis, Schuelke and Wechsler, 1987–89; administrative judge, General Services Board of Contract Appeals, March 1989–July 2003; secretary, District of Columbia Bar, 1988–89; Fellow, American Bar Foundation, elected 1985; Board of Directors, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, 1985–88; Chairman, Young Lawyers Section, Bar Association of the District of Columbia, 1985–86; Chair, Public Contract Law Section of the American Bar Association, 2002–03; Chair-Elect, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Council, 1995–2002; Delegate, Section of Public Contract Law, ABA House of Delegates, 2003–08 and 2014–present; ABA Board of Governors, 2010–13; Adjunct Professor, Johns Hopkins University, 2006–present; Adjunct Professor, The Catholic University of Amer- ica Columbus School of Law, 2004–06; appointed to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims on July 21, 2003.

VICTOR JOHN WOLSKI, judge; born in New Brunswick, NJ, November 14, 1962; son of Vito and Eugenia Wolski; B.A., B.S., University of Pennsylvania, 1984; J.D., University of Virginia School of Law, 1991; married to Lisa Wolski; admitted to Supreme Court of the United States, 1995; California Supreme Court, 1992; Washington Supreme Court, 1994; Oregon Supreme Court, 1996; District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 2001; U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 1993; U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 2001; U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California, 1993; U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, 1995; U.S. Court of Federal Claims, 2001; U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, 2002; research assistant, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1984–85; research associate, Institute for Political Economy, 1985– 88; confidential assistant and speechwriter to the Secretary, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1988; paralegal specialist, Office of the general counsel, U.S. Department of Energy, 1989; law clerk to Judge Vaughn R. Walker, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, 1991–92; attorney, Pacific Legal Foundation, 1992–97; general counsel, Sacramento County Republican Central Committee, 1995–97; counsel Senator Connie Mack, Vice-Chairman of the Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress, 1997–98; general counsel and chief tax adviser, Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress, 1999–2000; associate, Cooper, Carvin and Rosenthal, 2000–01; associate, Cooper and Kirk, 2001–03; associate editor, Public Contract Law Journal, 2006–present; appointed by President George W. Bush to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims on July 14, 2003. U.S. Court of Federal Claims 881

THOMAS C. WHEELER, judge; born in Chicago, IL, March 18, 1948; married; two grown children; B.A., Gettysburg College, 1970; J.D., Georgetown University Law School, 1973; private practice in Washington, DC, 1973–2005; associate and partner, Pettit and Martin until 1995; partner, Piper and Marbury (later Piper Marbury Rudnick and Wolfe, and then DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary); member of the District of Columbia Bar; American Bar Association’s Public Contracts and Litigation Sections; appointed to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims on October 24, 2005.

MARGARET M. SWEENEY, judge; born in Baltimore, MD; B.A. in history, Notre Dame of Maryland, 1977; J.D., Delaware Law School, 1981; Delaware Family Court Master, 1981– 83; litigation associate, Fedorko, Gilbert, and Lanctot, Morrisville, PA, 1983–85; law clerk to Hon. Loren A. Smith, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, 1985–87; trial attorney in the General Litigation Section of the Environment and Natural Resources Division of the United States Department of Justice, 1987–99; president, U.S. Court of Federal Claims Bar Association, 1999; attorney advisor, United States Department of Justice Office of Intel- ligence Policy and Review, 1999–2003; special master, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, 2003– 05; member of the Bars of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals; appointed to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims by President George W. Bush on October 24, 2005, and entered duty on December 14, 2005.

ELAINE D. KAPLAN, judge; born in Brooklyn, New York, December 18, 1955; B.A., State University of New York at Binghamton, 1976; J.D., Georgetown University, 1979; Office of the Solicitor General, Department of Labor, 1979–83; Attorney, State and Local Legal Center, 1983–84; Attorney and Deputy General Counsel, National Treasury Employees Union, 1984–98; Special Counsel, Office of Special Counsel, 1998–03; Of Counsel, Bernabei and Katz, 2003–04; Senior Deputy General Counsel, National Treasury Employees Union, 2004–09; General Counsel, U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2009–13; Acting Director, U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2013; appointed to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims by President Barack Obama on September 17, 2013.

LYDIA KAY GRIGGSBY, judge; born in Baltimore, MD, January 16, 1968; educated at the Park School, Brooklandville, MD, 1980–86; B.A., University of Pennsylvania, 1990; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 1993; member, Bar of Maryland and Bar of the District of Columbia; private practice of law, DLA Piper, 1993–95; Trial Attorney, United States Department of Justice, Civil Division, Commercial Litigation Branch, 1995–98; Assistant United States Attorney, United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia, 1998– 2004; Counsel, United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics, 2004–06; Privacy Counsel, United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 2006–08; Chief Counsel for Privacy and information Policy, United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary 2008–14; appointed by President Obama to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims on December 5, 2014; entered duty on December 15, 2014.

SENIOR JUDGES

JAMES F. MEROW, senior judge; born in Salamanca, NY; educated in the public schools of Little Valley, NY and Alexandria, VA; A.B. (with distinction), George Washington Univer- sity, 1953; J.D. (with distinction), George Washington University Law School, 1956; member: Phi Beta Kappa, Order of the Coif, Omicron Delta Kappa; married; officer, U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s Corps, 1956–59; trial attorney-branch director, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1959–78; trial judge, U.S. Court of Claims, 1978–82; member of Virginia State Bar, District of Columbia Bar, American Bar Association, and Federal Bar Association; judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims since October 1, 1982, reappointed by President Reagan to a 15–year term commencing August 5, 1983; assumed senior judge status on August 5, 1998.

JOHN PAUL WIESE, senior judge; born in Brooklyn, NY, April 19, 1934; son of Gustav and Margaret Wiese; B.A., cum laude, Hobart College, 1962, Phi Beta Kappa; LL.B., University of Virginia School of Law, 1965; married to Alice Mary Donoghue, June, 1961; one son, John Patrick; served U.S. Army, 1957–59; law clerk: U.S. Court of Claims, trial division, 1965–66, and Judge Linton M. Collins, U.S. Court of Claims, appellate division, 1966- 67; private practice in District of Columbia, 1967–74 (specializing in government contract litigation); trial judge, U.S. Court of Claims, 1974–82; admitted to the Bar of the District of Columbia, 1966; admitted to practice in the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, the U.S. Court of Federal Claims; member: District of Columbia Bar Association and American Bar Association; designated in Federal Courts Im- 882 Congressional Directory provement Act of 1982 as judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims and reappointed by President Reagan to 15-year term on October 14, 1986.

ERIC G. BRUGGINK, senior judge; born in Kalidjati, Indonesia, September 11, 1949; naturalized U.S. citizen, 1961; married to Melinda Harris Bruggink; sons: John and David; B.A., cum laude (sociology), Auburn University, AL, 1971; M.A. (speech), 1972; J.D., Univer- sity of Alabama, 1975; Hugo Black Scholar and Note and Comments Editor of Alabama Law Review; member, Alabama State Bar and District of Columbia Bar; served as law clerk to chief judge Frank H. McFadden, Northern District of Alabama, 1975–76; associate, Hardwick, Hause and Segrest, Dothan, AL, 1976–77; assistant director, Alabama Law Institute, 1977–79; director, Office of Energy and Environmental Law, 1977–79; associate, Steiner, Crum and Baker, Montgomery, AL, 1979–82; Director, Office of Appeals Counsel, Merit Systems Protection Board, 1982–86; appointed to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims on April 15, 1986.

LYNN J. BUSH, senior judge; born in Little Rock, AR, December 30, 1948; daughter of John E. Bush III and Alice (Saville) Bush; one son, Brian Bush Ferguson; B.A., Antioch College, 1970, Thomas J. Watson Fellow; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 1976; admitted to the Arkansas Bar in 1976 and to the District of Columbia Bar in 1977; trial attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1976– 87; senior trial attorney, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Department of the Navy, 1987–89; counsel, Engineering Field Activity Chesapeake, Naval Facilities Engineering Com- mand, Department of the Navy, 1989–96; administrative judge, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Board of Contract Appeals, 1996–98; nominated by President Clinton to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, June 22, 1998; and assumed duties of the office on October 26, 1998.

EDWARD J. DAMICH, senior judge; born in Pittsburgh, PA, June 19, 1948; son of John and Josephine (Lovrencic) Damich; A.B., St. Stephen’s College, 1970; J.D., Catholic University, 1976; professor of law at Delaware School of Law of Widener University, 1976– 84; served as a Law and Economics Fellow at Columbia University School of Law, where he earned his L.L.M. in 1983 and his J.S.D. in 1991; professor of law at George Mason University, 1984–98; appointed by President George H.W. Bush to be a Commissioner of the Copyright Royalty Tribunal, 1992–93; Chief Intellectual Property Counsel for the Senate Judiciary Committee, 1995–98; admitted to the Bar of the District of Columbia; member of the District of Columbia Bar Association, American Bar Association, Supreme Court of the United States, the Federal Circuit and Association litteraire et artistique internationale; president of the National Federation of Croatian Americans, 1994–95; appointed by President Clinton as judge, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, October 22, 1998; served as chief judge May 13, 2002–March 11, 2009.

NANCY B. FIRESTONE, senior judge; born in Manchester, NH, October 17, 1951; B.A., Washington University, 1973; J.D., University of Missouri, Kansas City, 1977; one child: attorney, Appellate Section and Environmental Enforcement Section, U.S. Department of Jus- tice, Washington, DC, 1977–84; assistant chief, Policy Legislation and Special Litigation, Environment and Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice, Washington, DC, 1984– 85; Deputy Chief, Environmental Enforcement Section, Department of Justice, Washington, DC, 1985–89; associate deputy administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1989–92; judge, Environmental Appeals Board, Environmental Protection Agency, Wash- ington, DC, 1992–95; Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Environment and Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice, Washington, DC, 1995–98; adjunct professor, Georgetown University Law Center, 1985–present; appointed to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims by President Clinton on October 22, 1998. UNITED STATES TAX COURT

400 Second Street, NW., 20217, phone (202) 521–0700

MICHAEL B. THORNTON, chief judge; born in Mississippi; B.S. in Accounting, summa cum laude, University of Southern Mississippi, 1976; M.S. in Accounting, 1997; M.A. in English Literature, University of Tennessee, 1979; J.D. (with distinction), Duke University School of Law, 1982; Order of the Coif, Duke Law Journal Editorial Board; admitted to District of Columbia Bar, 1982; served as Law Clerk to the Honorable Charles Clark, Chief Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, 1983–84; practiced law as an Associate Attorney, Sutherland, Asbill and Brennan, Washington, DC, 1982–83 and summer 1981; Miller and Chevalier, Chartered, Washington, DC, 1985–88; served as Tax Counsel, U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means, 1988–93; Chief Minority Tax Counsel, U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means, January 1995; Attorney-Adviser, U.S. Treasury Department, February- April 1995; Deputy Tax Legislative Counsel in the Office of Tax Policy, United States Treasury Department, April 1995–February 1998; recipient of Treasury Secretary’s Annual Award, U.S. Department of the Treasury, 1997; Meritorious Service Award, U.S. Department of the Treasury, 1998; appointed by President Clinton as Judge, United States Tax Court, on March 8, 1998, for a term ending March 7, 2013; served as Chief Judge from June 1, 2012, to March 7, 2013; reappointed by President Obama on August 7, 2013, for a term ending August 6, 2028, and at that time resumed the position of Chief Judge.

JOHN O. COLVIN, judge; born in Ohio; A.B., University of Missouri, 1968; J.D., 1971; LL.M., Taxation, Georgetown University Law Center, 1978; admitted to practice law in Mis- souri (1971) and District of Columbia (1974); Office of the Chief Counsel, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC, 1971–75; served as Tax Counsel, Senator Bob Packwood, 1975– 84; Chief Counsel (1985–87), and Chief Minority Counsel (1987–88), U.S. Senate Finance Committee; past Chair, Tax Section, Federal Bar Association and recipient of the FBA Tax Section’s Liles Award; Adjunct Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center and recipient of Charles Fahy Distinguished Adjunct Professor Award; appointed by President Reagan as Judge, United States Tax Court, on September 1, 1988, for a term ending August 31, 2003; reappointed on August 12, 2004, for a term ending August 11, 2019; served as Chief Judge for two-year terms beginning June 1, 2006, June 1, 2008, and June 1, 2010; served as Chief Judge for an interim period effective March 8, 2013, to August 7, 2013.

JAMES S. HALPERN, judge; born in New York; Hackley School, Terrytown, NY, 1963; B.S., Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 1967; J.D., University of Pennsylvania Law School, 1972; LL.M., Taxation, New York University Law School, 1975; Associate Attorney, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie and Alexander, New York City, 1972–74; assistant professor of law, Washington and Lee University, 1975–76; assistant professor of law, St. John’s University, New York City, 1976–78; visiting professor, Law School, New York University, 1978–79; associate attorney, Roberts and Holland, New York City, 1979–80; Principal Tech- nical Advisor, Assistant Commissioner (Technical) and Associate Chief Counsel (Technical), Internal Revenue Service, Washington, DC, 1980–83; partner, Baker and Hostetler, Washington, DC, 1983–90; Adjunct Professor, George Washington University Law School, Washington, DC, 1984–present; Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve (retired); appointed by President George H.W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, on July 3, 1990, for a term ending July 2, 2005; reappointed on November 2, 2005, for a term ending November 1, 2020.

MAURICE B. FOLEY, judge; born in Illinois; B.A., Swarthmore College; J.D., Boalt Hall School of Law at the University of California at Berkeley; LL.M., Georgetown University Law Center; attorney for the Legislation and Regulations Division of the Internal Revenue Service, Tax Counsel for the United States Senate Committee on Finance; Deputy Tax Legisla- tive Counsel in the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Tax Policy; appointed by President Clinton as Judge, United States Tax Court, on April 9, 1995, for a term ending April 8, 2010; reappointed on November 25, 2011, for a term ending November 24, 2026. 883 884 Congressional Directory

JUAN F. VASQUEZ, judge; born in San Antonio, Texas; attended Fox Tech High School; A.D. (Data Processing), San Antonio Junior College; B.B.A. (Accounting), University of Texas, Austin, 1972; attended State University of New York, Buffalo in 1st year law school, 1975; J.D., University of Houston Law Center, 1977; LL.M., Taxation, New York University Law School of Law, 1978; Certified Public Accountant, Certificate from Texas, 1976; admitted to State Bar of Texas, 1977; admitted to the United States Tax Court, 1978; certified in tax law by Texas Board of Legal Specialization, 1984; admitted to the United States District Court, Southern District of Texas, 1982, Western District of Texas, 1985 and United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, 1982; and the Supreme Court of the United States of America, 1996; private practice of tax law, in San Antonio, TX, 1987–April 1995; partner, Leighton, Hood and Vasquez, in San Antonio, TX, 1982–87; Trial Attorney, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, Houston, TX, 1978–82; accountant, Coopers and Lybrand, Los Angeles, CA, 1972–74; member of American Bar Association, Tax Section; Texas State Bar, Tax Section; Fellow of Texas and San Antonio Bar Foundations; College of State Bar of Texas; National Hispanic Bar Association and Hispanic Bar Association of the District of Columbia; Mexican American Bar Association (MABA) of San Antonio 1982–95; Houston MABA 1978–82; Texas MABA 1986–88; National Association of Hispanic CPA’s San Antonio Chapter (founding member) 1983–88; member of Greater Austin Tax Litigation Association 1989–95; served on Austin Internal Revenue Service District Director’s Practitioner Liaison Committee, 1990–91 (chairman, 1991); appointed by President Clinton as Judge, United States Tax Court, on May 1, 1995, for a term ending April 30, 2010; reappointed by President Barack Obama on October 13, 2011, for a term ending October 12, 2026.

JOSEPH H. GALE, judge; born in Virginia; A.B., Philosophy, Princeton University, 1976; J.D., University of Virginia School of Law, Dillard Fellow, 1980; practiced law as an Associate Attorney, Dewey Ballantine, Washington, DC, and New York, 1980–83; Dickstein, Shapiro and Morin, Washington, DC, 1983–85; served as Tax Legislative Counsel for Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D–NY), 1985–88; Administrative Assistant and Tax Legislative Counsel, 1989; Chief Counsel, 1990–93; Chief Tax Counsel, Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate, 1993–95; minority Chief Tax Counsel, Senate Finance Committee, January 1995–July 1995; minority Staff Director and Chief Counsel, Senate Finance Committee, July 1995–January 1996; admitted to District of Columbia Bar; member of American Bar Association, Section of Taxation; appointed by President Clinton as Judge, United States Tax Court, February 6, 1996, for a term ending February 5, 2011; reappointed on October 18, 2011, for a term ending October 17, 2026.

L. PAIGE MARVEL, judge; born in Maryland; B.A., magna cum laude, College of Notre Dame, 1971; J.D. with honors, University of Maryland School of Law, Baltimore, MD, 1974; Order of the Coif; member, Maryland Law Review and Moot Court Board; Garbis and Schwait, P.A., associate (1974–76) and shareholder (1976–85); shareholder, Garbis, Marvel and Junghans, P.A., 1985–86; shareholder, Melnicove, Kaufman, Weiner, Smouse and Garbis, P.A., 1986–88; partner, Venabel, Baetjer and Howard LLP, 1988–98; member, American Bar Association, Section of Taxation, Vice-Chair, Committee Operations, 1993–95; Council Director 1989–92; Chair, Court Procedure Committee, 1985–87; Maryland State Bar Associa- tion, Board of Governors, 1988–90, and 1996–98; Chair, Taxation Section 1982–83; Federal Bar Association, Section of Taxation, Section Council, 1984–90; Fellow, American Bar Founda- tion; Fellow, Maryland Bar Foundation; fellow and former Regent, American College of Tax Counsel, 1996–98; member, American Law Institute; advisor, ALI Restatement of Law, Third, The Law Governing Lawyers 1988–98; University of Maryland Law School Board of Visitors, 1995–2001; Loyola / Notre Dame Library, Inc. Board of Trustees, 1996–2003; Advisory Committee, University of Baltimore Graduate Tax Program, 1986–present; Co-editor, Procedure Department, The Journal of Taxation, 1990–98; member, Commissioner’s Review Panel on IRS Integrity, 1989–91; member and Chair, Procedure Subcommittee, Commission to Revise the Annotated Code of Maryland (Tax Provisions), 1981–87; member, Advisory Commission to the Maryland State Department of Economic and Community Development, 1978–81; recipient, President’s Medal, College of Notre Dame, 2006; Jules Ritholz award, ABA Tax Section’s Civil and Criminal Tax Penalties Comm., 2004; First Annual Tax Excel- lence Award, Maryland State Bar Association Tax Section, 2002; named one of Maryland’s Top 100 Women, 1998; recipient, ABA Tax Section’s Distinguished Service Award, 1995; MSBA Distinguished Service Award, 1982–83; listed in Best Lawyers in America, 1991– 98, Who’s Who in America, Who’s Who in American Law, Who’s Who in the East; author of various articles and book chapters on tax and tax litigation topics; appointed by President Clinton as Judge, United States Tax Court, on April 6, 1998, for a term ending April 5, 2013; reappointed by President Obama on December 3, 2014, for a term ending December 2, 2029. U.S. Tax Court 885

JOSEPH ROBERT GOEKE, judge; born in Kentucky; B.S., cum laude, Xavier University, 1972; J.D., University of Kentucky College of Law, 1975 (Order of the Coif); admitted to Illinois and Kentucky Bar, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Trial Bar), U.S. Court of Federal Claims; Trial Attorney, Chief Counsel’s Office, Internal Revenue Service, New Orleans, LA, 1975–80; Senior Trial Attorney, Chief Counsel’s Office, Internal Revenue Service, Cincinnati, OH, 1980–85; Special International Trial Attorney, Chief Coun- sel’s Office, Internal Revenue Service, Cincinnati, OH, 1985–88; partner, Law Firm of Mayer, Brown, Rowe and Maw, Chicago, IL, 1988–2003; appointed by President George W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, on April 22, 2003, for a term ending April 21, 2018.

MARK V. HOLMES, judge; born in New York; B.A., Harvard College, 1979; J.D., Univer- sity of Chicago Law School, 1983; admitted to New York and District of Columbia Bars; U.S. Supreme Court; DC, Second, Fifth and Ninth Circuits; Southern and Eastern Districts of New York, Court of Federal Claims; practiced in New York as an Associate, Cahill Gordon and Reindel, 1983–85; Sullivan and Cromwell, 1987–91; served as clerk to the Hon. Alex Kozinski, Ninth Circuit, 1985–87; and in Washington, DC as Counsel to Commis- sioners, United States International Trade Commission, 1991–96; Counsel, Miller and Chevalier, 1996–2001; Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division, 2001–03; member, American Bar Association (Litigation and Tax Sections); appointed by President George W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, on June 30, 2003, for a term ending June 29, 2018.

DAVID GUSTAFSON, judge; born in Greenville, South Carolina; Bob Jones University, B.A. summa cum laude, 1978. Duke University School of Law, J.D. with distinction, 1981. Order of the Coif (1981). Executive Editor of the Duke Law Journal (1980–81). Admitted to the District of Columbia Bar, 1981. Associate at the law firm of Sutherland, Asbill and Brennan, in Washington, DC, 1981–83. Trial Attorney (1983–89), Assistant Chief (1989– 2005), and Chief (2005–08) in the Court of Federal Claims Section of the Tax Division in the U.S. Department of Justice; and Coordinator of Tax Shelter Litigation for the entire Tax Division (2002–06). Tax Division Outstanding Attorney Awards, 1985, 1989, 1997, 2001– 05. Federal Bar Association’s Younger Attorney Award, 1991. President of the Court of Federal Claims Bar Association (2001). Appointed by President George W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, on July 29, 2008, for a term ending July 29, 2023.

ELIZABETH CREWSON PARIS, judge; born in Oklahoma; B.S., University of Tulsa, 1980; J.D., University of Tulsa College of Law, 1987; LL.M., Taxation, University of Denver College of Law, 1993. Admitted to the Supreme Court of Oklahoma and U.S. District Court for the District of Oklahoma, 1988; U.S. Tax Court, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, 1993; Supreme Court of Colorado, 1994. Former partner, Brumley Bishop and Paris, 1992; Senior Associate, McKenna and Cueno, 1994; Tax Partner, Reinhart, Boerner, Van Deuren, Norris and Rieselbach, 1998. Tax Counsel to the United States Senate Finance Committee, 2000–08. Member of the American Bar Associa- tion, Section of Taxation and Real Property and Probate Sections, formerly served as Vice Chair to both Agriculture and Entity Selection Committees. Member of Colorado and Oklahoma Bar Associations. Recognized as Distinguished Alumnus by the University of Tulsa School of law. Author of numerous tax, estate planning, real property, agriculture articles and chapters. Former adjunct professor, Georgetown University Law Center, LL.M. Taxation Program, and University of Tulsa College of Law. Appointed by President George W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, on July 30, 2008, for a term ending July 29, 2023.

RICHARD T. MORRISON, judge; born in Hutchinson, Kansas; B.A., B.S., University of Kansas, 1989; visiting student at Mansfield College, Oxford University, 1987–88; J.D., University of Chicago Law School, 1993; M.A., University of Chicago, 1994. Clerk to Judge Jerry E. Smith, United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, 1993–94. Associate, Baker and McKenzie, Chicago, Illinois, 1994–96. Associate, Mayer Brown and Platt, Chicago, Illinois 1996–2001. Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Review and Appellate Matters, Tax Division, United States Department of Justice, from 2001 to 2008 (except for term as Acting Assistant Attorney General, from July 2007 to January 2008). Appointed by President George W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, on August 28, 2008, for a term ending August 27, 2023.

KATHLEEN KERRIGAN, judge; born in Springfield, Massachusetts; B.S., Boston College 1985; J.D., University of Notre Dame Law School, 1990; admitted to Massachusetts Bar, 1991 and District Columbia Bar, 1992; Legislative Director for Congressman Richard E. Neal, Member of the Ways and Means Committee, 1990 to 1998; associate and partner 886 Congressional Directory at Baker and Hostetler LLP, Washington, DC, 1998–2005; tax counsel for Senator John F. Kerry, Member of Senate Finance Committee, 2005–12; appointed by President Barack Obama as Judge, United States, Tax Court, on May 4, 2012, for a term ending on May 3, 2027.

RONALD L. BUCH, judge; born in Flint, Michigan; B.B.A., Northwood Institute, 1987; J.D. with Taxation Concentration, Detroit College of Law, 1993; LL.M. in Taxation, Capital University Law School, 1994; Research Editor of the Detroit College of Law Review, 1992– 93; Ohio Tax Review Fellow, 1993–94; admitted to the bars of Michigan, inactive (1993), Ohio, inactive (1994), Florida (1994), and the District of Columbia (1995); consultant at KPMG Washington National Tax (1995–97); Attorney-Advisor (1997–2000) and Senior Legal Counsel (2000–01) at the IRS Office of Chief Counsel; associate (2001–05) and partner (2005–09) at McKee Nelson LLP; partner at Bingham McCutchen LLP (2009–13); James E. Markham Attorney of the Year Award, 1999; Chair of the DC Bar Tax Audits and Litigation Committee, 2006–08; Chair of the ABA Tax Section’s Administrative Practice Committee, 2008–09; appointed by President Barack H. Obama as Judge, United States Tax Court, on January 14, 2013, for a term ending January 13, 2028.

ALBERT G. LAUBER, judge; born in Bronxville, New York; Yale College (B.A., summa cum laude, 1971); Clare College, Cambridge University (M.A., Classics, 1974); Yale Law School (J.D., 1977). Phi Beta Kappa; Woodrow Wilson Fellow; Mellon Fellow; Note Editor, Yale Law Journal; Moot Court Prize Argument; Cardozo Prize, Best Moot Court Brief. Law Clerk to Malcolm R. Wilkey, U.S. Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit (1977–78); Law Clerk to Justice Harry A. Blackmun, U.S. Supreme Court (1978–79). Associate Attorney, Caplin and Drysdale, Chtd., Washington, DC (1979–83); Tax Assistant to the Solicitor General, U.S. Department of Justice (1983–86); Deputy Solicitor General, U.S. Department of Justice (1986–87); Partner, Caplin and Drysdale, Chtd., Washington, DC (1988–2005); Visiting Pro- fessor and Director, Graduate Tax and Securities Programs, Georgetown University Law Center (2006–13). Professorial Lecturer, George Washington University Law School (1983–84); Lec- turer, University of Virginia Law School (1988–90); Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center (2013–present); Board of Trustees, the Studio Theatre (1993–present); Member, District of Columbia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board (2004–08). Admitted to the Bars of the District of Columbia (1978); U.S. Supreme Court (1983); U.S. Court of Appeals, DC Circuit (1983); U.S. Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit (1994); Connecticut (inactive); Member, American Bar Association, Section of Taxation; appointed by President Barack H. Obama as Judge, United States Tax Court, on January 31, 2013, for a term ending January 30, 2028.

JOSEPH W. NEGA, judge; born in Illinois; DePaul University, B.S.C. in Accounting, 1981; DePaul University School of Law, J.D., 1984; Georgetown University School of Law, M.L.T., 1986. Admitted to the Illinois Bar, 1984. On staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation of the United States Congress: Legislation Attorney, 1985–1989; Legislation Counsel, 1989– 2009; and Senior Legislation Counsel, 2009–2013; appointed by President Barack H. Obama as Judge, United States Tax Court, on September 4, 2013, for a term ending September 3, 2028.

CARY DOUGLAS PUGH, judge; born in Virginia; B.A., in Political Science and Russian, magna cum laude, Duke University, 1987; M.A., in Russian and East European Studies, Stanford University, 1988; J.D., University of Virginia School of Law, 1994; Order of the Coif, Virginia Law Review Executive Editor. Admitted to Virginia State Bar, 1994, District of Columbia Bar, 1995, United States Supreme Court Bar, 1997. Served as Law Clerk to the Honorable Jackson L. Kiser, Chief Judge, U.S. District Court, Western District of Virginia, 1994–1995. Practiced law as an Associate, Vinson and Elkins LLP, Washington, DC, 1995–1999. Served as Minority Tax Counsel and Majority Tax Counsel, Committee on Finance, United States Senate, 1999–2002. Served as Special Counsel to the Chief Counsel, 2002–2005. Recipient of the Chief Counsel’s Award 2003. Practiced law as Counsel, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom LLP, 2005–2014. Member of American Bar Association, Section of Taxation; named John S. Nolan Tax Law Fellow, 2001–2002; served as Chair, Tax Shelter Committee and Government Relations Committee and as Council Director. Fellow, American College of Tax Counsel. Former Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center, LL.M. Taxation Program; appointed by President Obama as Judge, United States Tax Court, on December 16, 2014, for a term ending December 15, 2029. U.S. Tax Court 887

TAMARA W. ASHFORD, judge; born in Boston, Massachusetts; B.A., in public policy studies, Duke University (1991); J.D., Vanderbilt University Law School (1994); LL.M., Master of Laws in Taxation, with an honors certificate of specialization in international tax, University of Miami School of Law (1997). Admitted to the Bars of North Carolina; District of Columbia; United States Tax Court; United States Courts of Appeals for the District of Columbia, First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Ninth and Tenth Circuits; United States Supreme Court. Served as Law Clerk to the Honorable John C. Martin, North Carolina Court of Appeals (1994–1996). Practiced law as a Trial Attorney in the Appellate Section, Tax Division, United States Department of Justice (1997–2001). Practiced law as a Senior Associate, Miller and Chevalier, Chartered (2001–04). Served as Assistant to the Commissioner (2004–07) and U.S. Director for the Joint International Tax Shelter Information Centre/Senior Advisor to the Commissioner, Large and Mid-Size Business Division (2007–08) in the Internal Revenue Service. Recipient of the Sheldon S. Cohen National Outstanding Support to the Office of Chief Counsel Award (2006). Practiced law as Counsel, Dewey and LeBoeuf, LLP (2008– 11). Recognized for Tax Controversy by the 2010 edition of The Legal 500. Served as Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Appellate and Review (2011–14), Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General and Acting Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Policy and Planning (2013–14), and Acting Assistant Attorney General (June 2014–December 2014) in the Tax Division, United States Department of Justice. Named a 2012 Person of the Year by Tax Analysts. Appointed by President Obama as Judge, United States Tax Court, on December 19, 2014, for a term ending December 18, 2029.

SENIOR JUDGES

HOWARD A. DAWSON, JR., senior judge; born in Arkansas, 1922; Woodrow Wilson High School, Washington, DC, 1940; B.S. in Commerce, University of North Carolina, 1946; J.D. with honors, George Washington University School of Law, 1949; President, Case Club; Secretary-Treasurer, Student Bar Association; private practice of law, Washington, DC, 1949– 50; served with the United States Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service, as follows: Attorney, Civil Division, Office of Chief Counsel, 1950–53; Civil Advisory Counsel, Atlanta Region, 1953–57; Regional Counsel, Atlanta Region, 1958; Personal Assistant to Chief Counsel, 1958–59, Assistant Chief Counsel (Administration), 1959–62; U.S. Army Finance Corps, 1943– 45; two years in European Theater; Captain, Finance Corps, U.S. Army Reserve (Retired); member of District of Columbia Bar (1949), Georgia Bar (1958), American Bar Association (Section of Taxation), Federal Bar Association, Chi Psi, Delta Theta Phi, George Washington University Law Alumni Association; appointed by President Kennedy as Judge, Tax Court of the United States, on August 21, 1962, for a term ending June 1, 1970; reappointed by President Nixon on June 2, 1970, for a term ending June 1, 1985; served as Chief Judge from July 1, 1973 to June 30, 1977, during which time the United States Tax Court’s Courthouse was built and dedicated; and served again as Chief Judge from July 1, 1983 to June 1, 1985; retired on June 2, 1985; David Brennan Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Akron Law School, Spring Term, 1986; Professor and Director, Graduate Tax Program, University of Baltimore Law School, 1986–89; Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law, University of San Diego, Winter 1991. Recalled as Senior Judge to perform judicial duties 1990-to-present. In 2009, the Court established the Howard A. Dawson, Jr. Award to honor exemplary service by Tax Court employees. On January 18, 2011, became the longest serving judge in Tax Court history.

HERBERT L. CHABOT, senior judge; born in New York, 1931; Stuyvesant High School, 1948; B.A., cum laude, C.C.N.Y., 1952; LL.B., Columbia University, 1957; LL.M. in Taxation, Georgetown University, 1964; served in United States Army, 2 years, and Army Reserves (civil affairs units), for 8 years; served on legal staff, American Jewish Congress, 1957– 61; attorney-adviser to Judge Russell E. Train, 1961–65; Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation, 1965–78; elected Delegate, Maryland Constitutional Convention, 1967–68; adjunct professor, National Law Center, George Washington University, 1974–83; member of American Bar Association, Tax Section, and Federal Bar Association; appointed by President Carter as Judge, United States Tax Court, on April 3, 1978, for a term ending April 2, 1993; served as Senior Judge on recall performing judicial duties until reappointed on October 20, 1993, for a term ending October 19, 2008; retired on June 30, 2001, but recalled on July 1, 2001, as Senior Judge to perform judicial duties to the present time.

MARY ANN COHEN, senior judge; born in New Mexico, 1943; attended public schools in Los Angeles, CA; B.S., University of California, at Los Angeles, 1964; J.D., University of Southern California School of Law, 1967; practiced law in Los Angeles, member in 888 Congressional Directory law firm of Abbott and Cohen; American Bar Association, Section of Taxation, and Continuing Legal Education activities; received Dana Latham Memorial Award from Los Angeles County Bar Association Taxation Section, 1997; Jules Ritholz Memorial Merit Award from ABA Tax Section Committee on Civil and Criminal Tax Penalties, 1999; Bruce I. Hochman Award from the UCLA Tax Controversy Program, 2007; and Joanne M. Garvey Award from California Bar Taxation Section, 2008; appointed by President Reagan as Judge, United States Tax Court, on September 24, 1982, for a term ending September 23, 1997; served as Chief Judge from June 1, 1996 to September 23, 1997; reappointed on November 7, 1997, for a term ending November 6, 2012, and served again as Chief Judge from November 7, 1997 to May 31, 2000. Assumed senior status on October 1, 2012.

STEPHEN J. SWIFT, senior judge; born in Utah, 1943; Menlo Atherton High School, Atherton, CA, 1961; B.S., Brigham Young University, Political Science, 1967; J.D., George Washington University Law School, 1970. Attorney, U.S. Department of Justice, Tax Division, 1970–74; Assistant U.S. Attorney, Tax Division, U.S. Attorney’s Office, San Francisco, CA, 1974–77; Vice President and Senior Tax Counsel, Tax Department, Bank of America N.T. and S.A., San Francisco, CA, 1977–83; adjunct professor, Graduate Tax Programs, Golden Gate University and University of Baltimore. Member of California Bar, District of Columbia Bar, and American Bar Association, Section of Taxation. Appointed by President Reagan as Judge, United States Tax Court, on August 16, 1983, for a term ending August 15, 1998. Served as Senior Judge on recall performing judicial duties until reappointed by President Clinton on December 1, 2000, for a term ending November 30, 2015. Retired on September 7, 2008; recalled to perform judicial duties as Senior Judge from September 8, 2008 to April 7, 2009, from October 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012, and again beginning September 8, 2014 to present time.

JULIAN I. JACOBS, senior judge; born in Maryland, 1937; B.A., University of Maryland, 1958; LL.B., University of Maryland Law School, 1960; LL.M., Taxation, Georgetown Law Center, 1965; admitted to Maryland Bar, 1960; attorney, Internal Revenue Service, Washington, DC, 1961–65, and Buffalo, NY, in Regional Counsel’s Office, 1965–67; entered private practice of law in Baltimore, MD, 1967; associate (1972–74) and partner (1974–84) in the Law Firm of Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger and Hollander; Chairman, study commis- sion to improve the quality of the Maryland Tax Court, 1978; member, study groups to consider changes in the Maryland tax laws; Commissioner on a commission to reorganize and recodify article of Maryland law dealing with taxation, 1980; Lecturer, tax seminars and professional programs; Chairman, Section of Taxation, Maryland State Bar Association; adjunct professor of Law, Graduate Tax Program, University of Baltimore School of Law, 1991–93; Adjunct Professor of Law, Graduate Tax Program, University of San Diego School of Law, 2001; Adjunct Professor of Law, Graduate Tax Program, University of Denver School of Law, 2001–04; appointed by President Reagan as Judge, United States Tax Court, on March 30, 1984, for a term ending March 29, 1999; recalled on March 30, 1999, as Senior Judge to perform judicial duties from that date to the present.

JOEL GERBER, senior judge; born in Illinois, 1940; B.S., business administration, Roosevelt University, 1962; J.D., DePaul University, 1965; LL.M., Taxation, Boston University Law School, 1968; admitted to the Illinois Bar, 1965; Georgia Bar, 1974; Tennessee Bar, 1978; served with U.S. Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service, as trial attorney, Boston, MA, 1965–72; senior trial attorney, Atlanta, GA, 1972–76; District Counsel, Nashville, TN, 1976–80; Deputy Chief Counsel, Washington, DC, 1980–84; Acting Chief Counsel, May 1983–March 1984; recipient of a Presidential Meritorious Rank Award, 1983; Secretary of the Treasury’s Exceptional Service Award, 1984; Lecturer in Law, Vanderbilt University, 1976–80; appointed by President Reagan as Judge, United States Tax Court, on June 18, 1984, for a term ending June 17, 1999; served as Senior Judge on recall performing judicial duties until reappointed on December 15, 2000, for a term ending December 14, 2015; served as Chief Judge from June 1, 2004, to May 31, 2006; assumed senior status on June 1, 2006.

THOMAS B. WELLS, senior judge; born in Ohio, 1945; B.S., Miami University, Oxford, OH, 1967; J.D., Emory University Law School, Atlanta, GA, 1973; LL.M., Taxation, New York University Law School, New York, 1978; Supply Corps Officer, U.S. Naval Reserve, active duty 1967–70, Morocco and Vietnam, received Joint Service Commendation Medal; admitted to practice law in Georgia; member of law firm of Graham and Wells, P.C.; County Attorney for Toombs County, GA; City Attorney, Vidalia, GA, until 1977; law firm of Hurt, Richardson, Garner, Todd and Cadenhead, Atlanta, until 1981; law firm of Shearer and Wells, P.C. until 1986; member of American Bar Association, Section of Taxation; U.S. Tax Court 889

State Bar of Georgia, member of Board of Governors; Board of Editors, Georgia State Bar Journal; member, Atlanta Bar Association; Editor of the Atlanta Lawyer; active in various tax organizations, such as Atlanta Tax Forum (presently, Honorary Member); Director, Atlanta Estate Planning Council; Director, North Atlanta Tax Council; American College of Tax Counsel, Honorary Fellow; Emory Law Alumni Association’s Distinguished Alumnus Award, 2001; Life Member, National Eagle Scout Association, Eagle Scout, 1960; member: Vidalia Kiwanis Club (President); recipient, Distinguished President Award; appointed by President Reagan as Judge, United States Tax Court, on October 13, 1986, for a term ending October 12, 2001; reappointed by President Bush on October 10, 2001, for a term ending October 9, 2016; served as Chief Judge from September 24, 1997 to November 6, 1997, and from June 1, 2000 to May 31, 2004. Assumed senior status on January 1, 2011.

ROBERT PAUL RUWE, senior judge; born in Ohio, 1941; Roger Bacon High School, St. Bernard, OH, 1959; Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 1963; J.D., Salmon P. Chase College of Law (graduated first in class), 1970; admitted to Ohio Bar, 1970; Special Agent, Intelligence Division, Internal Revenue Service, 1963–70; joined Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service in 1970, and held the following positions: Trial Attorney (Indianap- olis), Director, Criminal Tax Division, Deputy Associate Chief Counsel (Litigation), and Direc- tor, Tax Litigation Division. Appointed by President Reagan as Judge, United States Tax Court, on November 20, 1987, for a term ending November 19, 2002. Retired on November 20, 2002, but continues to perform judicial duties as Senior Judge on recall.

LAURENCE J. WHALEN, senior judge; born in Pennsylvania, 1944; A.B., Georgetown University, 1967; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 1970; LL.M., 1971; admitted to District of Columbia and Oklahoma Bars; Special Assistant to the Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division, Department of Justice, 1971–72; trial attorney, Tax Division, 1971– 75; private law practice in Washington, DC, with Hamel and Park (now Hopkins, Sutter, Hamel and Park), 1977–84; also in Oklahoma City, OK, with Crowe and Dunlevy, 1984– 87; member of Oklahoma Bar Association, District of Columbia Bar Association, and American Bar Association, appointed by President Reagan as Judge, United States Tax Court, on Novem- ber 23, 1987, for a term ending November 22, 2002; recalled on November 23, 2002, as Senior Judge to perform judicial duties from that date to the present.

CAROLYN P. CHIECHI, senior judge; born in New Jersey, 1943; B.S. (magna cum laude, Class Rank: 1), Georgetown University, 1965; J.D., 1969 (Class Rank: 9); LL.M., Taxation, 1971; Doctor of Laws, Honoris Causa, 2000; practiced with law firm of Sutherland, Asbill and Brennan, Washington, DC and Atlanta, GA (partner, 1976–92; associate, 1971– 76); served as attorney-adviser to Judge Leo H. Irwin, United States Tax Court, 1969– 71; member, District of Columbia Bar, 1969–present (member, Taxation Section, 1973–99; member, Taxation Section Steering Committee, 1980–82, Chairperson, 1981–82; member, Tax Audits and Litigation Committee, 1986–92, Chairperson, 1987–88); member, American Bar Association, 1969–present (member, Section of Taxation, 1969–present; member, Committee on Court Procedure, 1991–present; member, Litigation Section, 1995–2000; member, Judicial Division, 1997–2000); Federal Bar Association, 1969–present (member, Section of Taxation, 1969–present; member, Judiciary Division, 1992–present); Fellow, American College of Tax Counsel; Fellow, American Bar Foundation; member, Women’s Bar Association of the District of Columbia, 1992–present; Board of Governors, Georgetown University Alumni Association, 1994–97, 1997–2000; Board of Regents, Georgetown University, 1988–94, 1995–2001; National Law Alumni Board, Georgetown University, 1986–93; Board of Directors, Stuart Stiller Memo- rial Foundation, 1986–99; American Judicature Society, 1994–present; one of several recipients of the first Georgetown University Law Alumni Awards (1994); one of several recipients of the first Georgetown University Law Center Alumnae Achievement Awards (1998); admitted to Who’s Who in American Law, Who’s Who of American Women, Who’s Who in America, and Who’s Who in the East; appointed by President George H.W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, on October 1, 1992, for a term ending September 30, 2007; Retired on September 30, 2007; recalled October 1, 2007, as Senior Judge to perform judicial duties from that date to the present.

DAVID LARO, senior judge; born in Michigan, 1942; Graduate of New York University Law School (LL.M. in Taxation, 1970), the University of Illinois Law School (J.D. 1967) and the University of Michigan (B.A. 1964). Formerly practiced tax law in Flint and Ann Arbor Michigan for 24 years. Regent of the University of Michigan, a member of the State Board of Education in Michigan, and Chairman of the State Tenure Commission in Michigan. Teaches corporate tax and business planning at Georgetown Law School, and the University of San Diego Law School. Co-Author of Business Valuation and Taxes: Proce- 890 Congressional Directory dure, Law and Perspective (Second edition, 2011), a 500 page text on tax valuation. At the request of the American Bar Association (CEELI), contributed written comments on the Draft Laws of Ukraine and Uzbekistan. As a consultant for Harvard University (Harvard Institute for International Development) and Georgia State University, lectured in Moscow on the subjects of tax reform and litigation. Consultant on Russian Tax Reform under a project through USAID. At the invitation of the Supreme Court of Kazakhstan in 2007, lectured to members of the Kazakhstan Judiciary, and lectured to members of the Russian Judiciary in Moscow in 2007–10. In May 2006, and June 2007, at the invitation of the State Tax Administration and other government officials, lectured in Beijing, China on eco- nomic substance. Appointed by President George H.W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, on November 2, 1992, for a term ending November 1, 2007. Retired on November 1, 2007, but continues to perform judicial duties as Senior Judge on recall.

HARRY A. HAINES, senior judge; born in Montana, 1939; B.A., St. Olaf College, 1961; J.D., University of Montana Law School, 1964; LL.M., Taxation, New York University Law School, 1966; admitted to Montana Bar and U.S. District Court, Montana, 1964; practiced law in Missoula, MT, as a partner, Law Firm of Worden, Thane and Haines, 1966–2003; adjunct professor, Law School, University of Montana, 1967–91; appointed by President George W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, on April 22, 2003 for a term ending April 21, 2018. Retired on May 30, 2009, but continues to perform judicial duties as Senior Judge on recall.

ROBERT A. WHERRY, JR., senior judge; born in Virginia, 1944; B.S., and J.D., University of Colorado; LL.M., Taxation, New York University Law School; fellow and former Regent of the American College of Tax Counsel and former chairman of the Taxation Section of the Colorado Bar Association; served as chairman of the Small-Business Tax Committee of the Colorado Association of Commerce and Industry, as president of the Greater Denver Tax Counsel Association, is a past chairman of the Administrative Practice Committee of the American Bar Association Tax Section, a member of the Council, and a member of the Advisory Committee of the American Bar Association Section of Dispute Resolution; listed in The Best Lawyers in America (in tax litigation); his articles have appeared in ALI–ABA publications, The Colorado Lawyer, Tax Notes, and State Tax Notes; former Colo- rado correspondent for State Tax Notes and has spoken at numerous tax institutes, including the University of Denver Tax Institute, Tulane University Tax Institute, and American Bar Association Tax Section programs; was an instructor in Tax Court litigation for the National Institute for Trial Advocacy; appointed by President George W. Bush as Judge, United States Tax Court, on April 23, 2003, for a term ending April 22, 2018. Assumed senior status on April 8, 2014. SPECIAL TRIAL JUDGES OF THE COURT

Peter J. Panuthos (Chief Special Trial Judge), Robert N. Armen, Jr.; Lewis R. Carluzzo; Daniel A. Guy. COURT STAFF

Clerk.—Robert R. Di Trolio. General Counsel.—Douglas W. Snoeyenbos. Court Administrator.—Fig Ruggieri. Deputy General Counsel.—Stephanie Servoss. Case Services Director.—Tina Buckler. Facilities Management Director.—Joyce Russell Dyck. Financial Management Director.—Joseph L. Hardy, Jr. Human Resources Director.—Ellene P. Footer. Information Systems Director.—Gordon S. Goodrick. Librarian.—Nancy Ciliberti. Reporter of Decisions.—Sheila A. Murphy. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ARMED FORCES 1 450 E Street, NW., 20442–0001, phone 761–1448, fax 761–4672

CHARLES E. ERDMANN, chief judge; born in Great Falls, MT; B.A., Montana State University, 1972; J.D., University of Montana Law School, 1975; Air Force Judge Advocate Staff Officers Course, 1981; Air Command and Staff College, 1992; Air War College, 1994; Military Service: U.S. Marine Corps, 1967–70; Air National Guard, 1981–2002 (retired as a Colonel); Assistant Montana Attorney General, 1975–76; Chief Counsel, Montana State Auditor’s Office, 1976–78; Chief Staff Attorney, Montana Attorney General’s Office, Antitrust Bureau; Bureau Chief, Montana Medicaid Fraud Bureau, 1980–82; General Counsel, Montana School Boards Association, 1982–86; private practice of law, 1986–95; Associate Justice, Montana Supreme Court, 1995–97; Office of High Representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Judicial Reform Coordinator, 1998–99; Office of High Representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Head of Human Rights and Rule of Law Department, 1999; Chairman and Chief Judge, Bosnian Election Court, 2000–01; Judicial Reform and International Law Consult- ant, 2001–02; appointed by President George W. Bush to serve on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces on October 9, 2002, commenced service on October 15, 2002.

SCOTT W. STUCKY, judge; born in Hutchinson, KS; B.A. summa cum laude, Wichita State University, 1970; J.D., Harvard Law School, 1973; M.A., Trinity University, 1980; LL.M. with highest honors, George Washington University, 1983; Federal Executive Institute, 1988; Harvard Program for Senior Officials in National Security, 1990; National War College, 1993; admitted to bar, Kansas and District of Columbia; U.S. Air Force, judge advocate, 1973–78; U.S. Air Force Reserve, 1982–2003 (retired as colonel); married to Jean Elsie Seibert of Oxon Hill, MD, August 18, 1973; children: Mary-Clare, Joseph; private law practice, Washington, DC, 1978–82; branch chief, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1982–83; legislative counsel and principal legislative counsel, U.S. Air Force, 1983–96; General Counsel, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, 1996–2001 and 2003–06; Minority Counsel, 2001–03; National Commander-in-Chief, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, 1993–95; Board of Directors, Adoption Service Information Agency, 1998–2002 and 2004–07; Board of Directors, Omicron Delta Kappa Society, 2006–10; member, Federal Bar Association (Pentagon Chapter), Judge Advocates Association, the District of Columbia Bar; OPM LEGIS Fellow, office of Senator John Warner (R–VA), 1986–87; member and panel chairman, Air Force Board for Correction of Military Records, 1989–96; nominated by Presi- dent George W. Bush to serve on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces on November 15, 2006; confirmed by the Senate, December 9, 2006; began service on December 20, 2006.

MARGARET A. RYAN, judge; born in Chicago, IL; B.A. cum laude, Knox College; J.D. summa cum laude, University of Notre Dame Law School; recipient of the William T. Kirby Legal Writing Award and the Colonel William J. Hoynes Award for Outstanding Scholarship; active duty in the U.S. Marine Corps, 1986–99, serving as a communications officer, staff officer, company commander, platoon commander and operations officer in units within the II and III Marine Expeditionary Forces and as a judge advocate in Okinawa, Japan, and Quantico, VA; also served as Aide de Camp to General Charles C. Krulak, the 31st Commandant of the Marine Corps; law clerk to the Honorable J. Michael Luttig, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, and law clerk to the Honorable Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; litigation partner at the law firm of Bartlik Beck Herman Palenchar and Scott LLP and partner in litigation and appellate practices at the law firm Wiley Rein Fielding LLP; nominated by President George W. Bush to serve on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces on November 15, 2006; confirmed by the Senate on December 9, 2006; began service on December 20, 2006.

1 Prior to October 5, 1994, United States Court of Military Appeals. 891 892 Congressional Directory

KEVIN A. OHLSON, judge; born in Sterling, MA; B.A., Washington and Jefferson College, 1982; four-year Army R.O.T.C. scholarship; Phi Beta Kappa; Air Assault training with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, 1980; J.D., University of Virginia School of Law, 1985; Airborne training at Fort Benning, GA, 1986; administrative law officer and trial counsel at Fort Bragg, NC, 1986–89; federal prosecutor in Washington, D.C., 1989– 97; volunteered to return to active duty and served as a legal advisor to the XVIII Airborne Corps Command Staff during Operation Desert Storm, 1990–91; awarded the Bronze Star; returned to the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia and resumed duties as a federal prosecutor; Chief of Staff to the Deputy Attorney General, 1997–2001; member of the Board of Immigration Appeals, 2001–03; deputy director, and then the director, of the Executive Office for Immigration Review, 2003–09; Chief of Staff and Counselor to the Attorney General of the United States, 2009–2011; chief of the Professional Misconduct Review Unit at the Department of Justice, 2011–13; nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate to serve on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces; began service on November 1, 2013.

SENIOR JUDGES

WILLIAM HORACE DARDEN, senior judge; born in Union Point, GA; son of William W. and Sara (Newsom) Darden; B.B.A., University of Georgia, 1946; LL.B., University of Georgia, 1948; admitted to bar of Georgia and to practice before the Georgia Supreme Court, 1948; active duty in U.S. Navy from July 1, 1943 to July 3, 1946, when released to inactive duty as lieutenant (jg.); married to Mary Parrish Viccellio of Chatham, VA, December 31, 1949; children: Sara Newsom, Martha Hardy, William H., Jr., Daniel Hobson; secretary to U.S. Senator Richard B. Russell, 1948–51; chief clerk of U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services, 1951–53; professional staff member and later chief of staff, U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services, February 1953 to November 1968; received recess appointment as judge of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals from President Johnson on November 5, 1968, to succeed the late Judge Paul J. Kilday; took oath of office on November 13, 1968; nominated by President Johnson for the unexpired part of the term of the late Judge Paul J. Kilday ending May 1, 1976; confirmed by Senate on January 14, 1969; designated Chief Judge by President Nixon on June 23, 1971; resigned December 29, 1973; elected to become Senior Judge on February 11, 1974.

WALTER THOMPSON COX III, senior judge; born in Anderson, SC; son of Walter T. Cox and Mary Johnson Cox; married to Vicki Grubbs of Anderson, SC, February 8, 1963; children: Lisa and Walter; B.S., Clemson University, 1964; J.D., cum laude, University of South Carolina School of Law, 1967; graduated Defense Language Institute (German), 1969; graduated basic course, the Judge Advocate General’s School, Charlottesville, VA, 1967; studied procurement law at that same school, 1968; active duty, U.S. Army judge advocate general’s corps, 1964–72 (1964–67, excess leave to U.S.C. Law School); private law practice, 1973–78; elected resident judge, 10th Judicial Circuit, South Carolina, 1978– 84; also served as acting associate justice of South Carolina supreme court, on the judicial council, on the circuit court advisory committee, and as a hearing officer of the judicial standards commission; member: bar of the Supreme Court of the United States; bar of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals; South Carolina Bar Association; Anderson County Bar Associa- tion; the American Bar Association; the South Carolina Trial Lawyers Association; the Federal Bar Association; and the Bar Association of the District of Columbia; has served as a member of the House of Delegates of the South Carolina Bar, and the Board of Commissioners on Grievances and Discipline; nominated by President Reagan, as judge of U.S. Court of Military Appeals, June 28, 1984, for a term of 15 years; confirmed by the Senate, July 26, 1984; sworn-in and officially assumed his duties on September 6, 1984; retired on Sep- tember 30, 1999 and immediately assumed status of Senior Judge on October 1, 1999 and returned to full active service until September 19, 2000.

EUGENE R. SULLIVAN, senior judge; born in St. Louis, MO; son of Raymond V. and Rosemary K. Sullivan; married to Lis U. Johansen of Ribe, Denmark, June 18, 1966; children: Kim A. and Eugene R. II; B.S., U.S. Military Academy, West Point, 1964; J.D., Georgetown Law Center, Washington, DC, 1971; active duty with the U.S. Army, 1964– 69; service included duty with the 3rd Armored Division in Germany, and the 4th Infantry Division in Vietnam; R&D assignments with the Army Aviation Systems Command; one year as an instructor at the Army Ranger School, Ft. Benning, GA; decorations include: Bronze Star, Air Medal, Army Commendation Medal, Ranger and Parachutist Badges, Air Force Exceptional Civilian Service Medal; following graduation from law school, clerked with U.S. Court of Appeals (8th Circuit), St. Louis, 1971–72; private law practice, Washington, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces 893

DC, 1972–74; assistant special counsel, White House, 1974; trial attorney, U.S. Department of Justice, 1974–82; deputy general counsel, Department of the Air Force, 1982–84; general counsel of the Department of Air Force, 1984–86; Governor of Wake Island, 1984–86; presently serves on the Board of Governors for the West Point Society of the District of Columbia; the American Cancer Society (Montgomery County Chapter); nominated by President Reagan, as judge, U.S. Court of Military Appeals on February 25, 1986, and confirmed by the Senate on May 20, 1986, and assumed his office on May 27, 1986; President George H.W. Bush named him the chief judge of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, effective October 1, 1990, a position he held for five years; he retired on September 30, 2001 and immediately assumed status of Senior Judge and returned to full active service until Sept. 30, 2002.

SUSAN J. CRAWFORD, senior judge; born in Pittsburgh, PA; daughter of William E. and Joan B. Crawford; married to Roger W. Higgins of Geneva, NY, September 8, 1979; one child, Kelley S. Higgins; B.A., Bucknell University, Pennsylvania, 1969; J.D., cum laude, Dean’s Award, Arthur McClean Founder’s Award, New England School of Law, Boston, MA, 1977; history teacher and coach of women’s athletics, Radnor High School, Pennsylvania, 1969–74; associate, Burnett and Eiswert, Oakland, MD, 1977–79; Assistant State’s Attorney, Garrett County, Maryland, 1978–80; partner, Burnett, Eiswert and Crawford, 1979–81; instruc- tor, Garrett County Community College, 1979–81; deputy general counsel, 1981–83, and general counsel, Department of the Army, 1983–89; special counsel to Secretary of Defense, 1989; inspector general, Department of Defense, 1989–91; member: bar of the Supreme Court of the United States; bar of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, Maryland Bar Association, District of Columbia Bar Association, American Bar Association, Federal Bar Association, and the Edward Bennett Williams American Inn of Court; member: board of trustees, 1989– present, and Corporation, 1992–present, of New England School of Law; board of trustees, 1988–present, Bucknell University; nominated by President Bush as judge, U.S. Court of Military Appeals, February 19, 1991, for a term of 15 years; confirmed by the Senate on November 14, 1991, sworn in and officially assumed her duties on November 19, 1991; on October 1, 1999, she became the Chief Judge for a term of five years; retired on September 30, 2006 and assumed the status of Senior Judge on October 1, 2006.

H.F. ‘‘SPARKY’’ GIERKE, senior judge; born in Williston, ND; son of Herman F. Gierke, Jr., and Mary Kelly Gierke; children: Todd, Scott, Craig, and Michelle; B.A., University of North Dakota, 1964; J.D., University of North Dakota, 1966; graduated basic course, the Judge Advocate General’s School, Charlottesville, VA, 1967; graduated military judge course, the Judge Advocate General’s School, Charlottesville, VA, 1969; active duty, U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s Corps, 1967–71; private practice of law, 1971–83; served as a justice of the North Dakota supreme court from October 1, 1983 until appointment to U.S. Court of Military Appeals; admitted to the North Dakota Bar, 1966; admitted to practice law before all North Dakota Courts, U.S. District Court for the District of North Dakota, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Georgia, U.S. Court of Military Appeals, and U.S. Supreme Court; served as president of the State Bar Association of North Dakota in 1982–83; served as president of the North Dakota State’s Attorneys Association in 1979–80; served on the board of governors of the North Dakota Trial Lawyers Association from 1977–83; served on the board of governors of the North Dakota State Bar Association from 1977–79 and from 1981–84; served as vice chairman and later chairman of the North Dakota Judicial Conference from June 1989 until November 1991; fellow of the American Bar Foundation and the American College of Probate Counsel; member of the American Bar Association, American Judicature Society, Association of Trial Lawyers of America, Blue Key National Honor Fraternity, Kappa Sigma Social Fraternity, University of North Dakota President’s Club; in 1984, received the Governor’s Award from Governor Allen I. Olson for outstanding service to the State of North Dakota; in 1988 and again in 1991, awarded the North Dakota National Leadership Award of Excellence by Governor George A. Sinner; in 1989, selected as the Man of the Year by the Delta Mu Chapter of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity and as Outstanding Greek Alumnus of the University of North Dakota; also awarded the University of North Dakota Sioux Award (UND’s alumni association’s highest honor); in 1983–84, served as the first Vietnam era state commander of the North Dakota American Legion; in 1988–89, served as the first Vietnam era national commander of the American Legion; nominated by President George H.W. Bush, October 1, 1991; con- firmed by the Senate, November 14, 1991; sworn-in and assumed office on the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, November 20, 1991; on October 1, 2004, he became the Chief Judge until his retirement on September 30, 2006, and assumed the status of Senior Judge on October 1, 2006.

ANDREW S. EFFRON, senior judge; born in Stamford, CT; A.B., Harvard College, 1970; J.D., Harvard Law School, 1975; The Judge Advocate General’s School, U.S. Army, 1976, 894 Congressional Directory

1983; legislative aide to the late Representative William A. Steiger, 1970–76 (two years full-time, the balance between school semesters); judge advocate, Office of the Staff Judge Advocate, Fort McClellan, Alabama, 1976–77; attorney-adviser, Office of the General Counsel, Department of Defense, 1977–87; Counsel, General Counsel, and Minority Counsel, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, 1987–96; nominated by President Clinton to serve on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, June 21, 1996; confirmed by the Senate, July 12, 1996; took office on August 1, 1996; assumed his duties on August 1, 1996. On October 1, 2006, he became Chief Judge for a five year term, and immediately assumed status as Senior Judge on October 1, 2011.

JAMES E. BAKER, senior judge; born in New Haven, CT; education: BA., Yale University, 1982; J.D., Yale Law School, 1990; Attorney, Department of State, 1990–93; Counsel, Presi- dent’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board / Intelligence Oversight Board, 1993–94; Deputy Legal Advisor, National Security Council, 1994–97; Special Assistant to the President and Legal Advisor, National Security Council, 1997–2000; military service: U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Marine Corp Reserve; nominated by President Clinton to serve on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces; began service on September 19, 2000, and became Chief Judge on October 1, 2011; became a Senior Judge on August 1, 2015.

OFFICERS OF THE U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ARMED FORCES

Clerk of the Court.—William A. DeCicco. Chief Deputy Clerk of the Court.—David A. Anderson. Deputy Clerk for Opinions.—Patricia Mariani. Court Executive.—Keith Roberts. Librarian.—Agnes Kiang. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS

625 Indiana Avenue, NW., Suite 900, 20004, phone (202) 501–5970

LAWRENCE B. HAGEL, chief judge; born in Washington, IN, 1947; B.S., United States Naval Academy, 1969; J.D., University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law, 1976; LL.M. (Labor Law, with highest honors) The National Law Center, George Washington University, 1983; admitted to the bars of the U.S. Supreme Court, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth, Ninth, Tenth, D.C. and Federal Circuits, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, Supreme Court of the States of Iowa and California and the District of Columbia; commissioned in the U.S. Marine Corps, second lieutenant, infantry officer 1969–72 service in Vietnam and Puerto Rico; Marine Corps Judge Advocate 1973–90, assignments concentrated in criminal and civil litigation; Deputy General Counsel and General Counsel, Paralyzed Veterans of America, 1990–2003; appointed by President George W. Bush in December 2003, to the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims; confirmed by the U.S. Senate to the Court of Appeals on December 9, 2003; sworn in January 2, 2004. He became the Chief Judge on August 7, 2015. BRUCE E. KASOLD, judge; born in New York, 1951; B.S., United States Military Acad- emy, 1973; J.D., cum laude, University of Florida, 1979; LL.M., Georgetown University, 1982; Honors Graduate, the Judge Advocate General’s School Graduate Program, 1984; admit- ted to the bars of the U.S. Supreme Court, the Florida Supreme Court, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals; member: Florida Bar, District of Columbia Bar, the Federal Bar Association, Order of the Coif; retired from the U.S. Army, Lieutenant Colonel, Air Defense Artillery and Judge Advocate General’s Corp, 1994; commercial litigation attorney, Holland and Knight Law Firm, 1994–95; Chief Counsel, U.S. Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, 1995–98; Chief Counsel, Secretary of the Senate and Senate Sergeant at Arms, 1998–2003; appointed by President George W. Bush to the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims on December 13, 2003; sworn in December 31, 2003. He became Chief Judge on August 7, 2010 and served in that role until August 6, 2015.

ALAN G. LANCE, SR., judge; born in McComb, OH, April 27, 1949; B.A. in english and history, distinguished military graduate, South Dakota State University, 1971; commissioned U.S. Army, June 1971; graduated University of Toledo School of Law and Law Review, 1973; admitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Court of Military Appeals, State of Ohio, State of Idaho; commissioned U.S. Army, Judge Advocate Generals Corps, 1974 and served as Claims Officer, defense counsel, Chief of Defense Counsel, Legal Assistance Officer, Administrative Law Officer and in the absence of a military Judge, military Magistrate for the 172nd Infantry Brigade (Alaska) 1974–77; Army Commendation Medal 1977; served as the Command Judge Advocate, Corpus Christi Army Depot, 1977–78; engaged in private practice of law, Ada County, Idaho, 1978–94; elected to the Idaho House of Representatives, 1990, and served as Majority Caucus chairman, 1992–94; elected as Idaho Attorney General (31st) in 1994 and 1998; Distinguished Alumnus Award, University of Toledo School of Law, 2002; inducted into the Ohio Veterans Hall of Fame, November 2004; nominated as a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims by President George W. Bush; confirmed by the U.S. Senate to the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, November 2004 and sworn in on December 17, 2004. ROBERT N. DAVIS, judge; born in Kewanee, IL, September 20, 1953; graduated from Davenport Central High School, Davenport, IA, 1971; B.A., University of Hartford, 1975; J.D. Georgetown University Law Center, 1978; admitted to the bars of the U.S. Supreme Court, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals; the State of Virginia; and the State of Iowa; career record 1978–83 appellate attorney with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission; 1983–88 attorney with the United States Department of Education, Business and Administrative Law Division of the Office of General Counsel; 1983 Governmental exchange program with the United States Attorneys office, District of Columbia; Special Assistant United States Attorney; 1988–2001 Professor of Law, University of Mississippi School of Law; 2001– 895 896 Congressional Directory

05 Professor of Law, Stetson University College of Law; Published extensively in the areas of constitutional law, administrative law, national security law and sports law. Founder and Faculty Editor-in-Chief, Journal of National Security Law, arbitrator / mediator with the Amer- ican Arbitration Association and the United States Postal Service. Gubernatorial appointment to the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws 1993–2000. Joined the United States Navy Reserve Intelligence Program in 1988. Presidential recall to active duty in 1999, Bosnia and 2001 for the Global War on Terrorism. Military decorations include Joint Service Commendation Medal, Joint Service Achievement Medal, Navy Achievement Medal, NATO Medal, Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, Armed Forces Reserve Medal with ‘‘M’’ device, Overseas Service Ribbon, National Defense Ribbon, Joint Meritorious Unit Award, and Global War on Terrorism Medal. Nominated for appointment by President George W. Bush on March 23, 2003; confirmed by the United States Senate on November 21, 2004; commissioned on December 4, 2004 as a Judge, United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims. MARY J. SCHOELEN, judge; born in Rota, Spain; B.A., political science, University of California at Irvine, 1990; J.D., George Washington University Law School, 1993; admitted to the State Bar of California; law clerk for the National Veterans Legal Services Project, 1992–93; legal intern to the U.S. Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, 1994; staff attorney for Vietnam Veterans of America’s Veterans Benefits Program, 1994–97; Minority Counsel, U.S. Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, 1997–2001; Minority General Counsel, March 2001–June 2001; Deputy Staff Director, Benefits Programs / General Counsel, June 2001– 03; Minority Deputy Staff Director, Benefits Programs / General Counsel, 2003–04; nominated by President George W. Bush; appointed a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims; confirmed by the U.S. Senate to the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims on November 20, 2004; sworn in December 20, 2004. CORAL WONG–PIETSCH, judge, born in Waterloo, IA, Judge Pietsch has a distinguished career in public service, both in the military and as a civilian. She was commissioned in the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s Corps and served six years on active duty. Judge Pietsch continued her service in the U.S. Army Reserve and rose to the rank of Brigadier General. She became the first woman to be promoted to the rank of Brigadier General in the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s Corps and the first woman of Asian ancestry to be promoted to Brigadier General in the Army. Until her appointment to the bench, Judge Pietsch held the position of Senior Attorney and Special Assistant at Headquarters, U.S. Army Pacific located in Honolulu, Hawaii. In this position, she provided and managed legal services in support of the U.S. Army Pacific’s mission to train Army Forces for military operations and peacetime engagements aimed at promoting regional stability. As part of the 2007 ‘‘surge’’ in Iraq, Judge Pietsch volunteered as a Department of Defense civilian to deploy to Iraq for a year where she was seconded to the U.S. Department of State to serve as the Deputy Rule of Law Coordinator for the Baghdad Provincial Reconstruction Team. During her deployment to Iraq, Judge Pietsch assisted with numerous civil society projects involving a variety of Rule of Law partners, including the Iraqi Jurist Union, Iraqi Bar Association, law schools, and international rights, women’s rights and human rights organizations. She evaluated and sought funding for numerous projects aimed at building capacity within the Iraqi legal community to include the establishment, in close collaboration with the Iraqi Bar Association, of a Legal Aid Clinic at one of Iraq’s largest detention facilities. In 2006 Judge Pietsch was appointed by the Governor of Hawaii to the Hawaii Civil Rights Commission where she served for seven years. Shortly after the appointment, the Governor selected Judge Pietsch as its Chair. Earlier in her civilian legal career, Judge Pietsch had been appointed a Deputy Attorney General for the State of Hawaii advising the State Department of Health, State Department of Agriculture, and the State Criminal History Records Division. Judge Pietsch’s academic degrees include a bachelor of arts, master of arts, and a juris doctor degree. She was also a Senior Executive Fellow at the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government, is a graduate of the Defense Leadership and Management Program, and a graduate of the Army War College. Her awards and decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Meritorious Service Medal, Joint Service Commendation Medal, Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service, the Meritorious Civilian Service Medal, Superior Civilian Performance Medal, and the Global War on Terrorism Medal. She has been the recipient of the Organization of Chinese Americans Pioneer Award, the Hawaii Women Lawyers Attorney of the Year Award, the Honolulu YWCA Achievement in Leadership Award, the Catholic University Alumni Achievement Award, the Federal Execu- tive Board Award for Excellence, the U.S. Army Pacific Community Service Award and recognized for lifetime accomplishments by the Women Veterans Igniting the Spirit of Entrepre- neurship. Judge Pietsch is admitted to the bars of the United States Supreme Court, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, U.S. District Court of the District of Hawaii, State Bar of Hawaii, State Bar of Iowa, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces; United States Court of Veterans Appeals 897 nominated by President Barack Obama and subsequently appointed a Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims on May 24, 2012 and sworn in June 2012. MARGARET BARTLEY, judge; born in Pittsburgh, PA, 1959; B.S., cum laude, Pennsyl- vania State University, 1981; J.D., cum laude, American University Washington College of Law, 1993; admitted to the bars of the State of Maryland and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; law clerk to now-retired Judge Jonathan R. Steinberg of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, 1993–94; staff attorney for National Veterans Legal Services Program, 1994–2005; senior staff attorney for National Veterans Legal Services Program, 2005–12; editor of the NVLSP veterans’ law quarterly, The Veterans Advocate, 2004–12; Director of Outreach and Education for the Veterans Consor- tium Pro Bono Program, 2005–12; nominated as a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims on June 21, 2011, by President Barack Obama; confirmed by the U.S. Senate May 21, 2012 and sworn in June 28, 2012. WILLIAM S. GREENBERG, judge, Judge Greenberg was a partner of McCarter and English, LLP. He initially joined the firm as an associate following a judicial clerkship in 1968, then returned as a partner in 1993. The majority of his career has involved litigation in Federal and state courts. Judge Greenberg had been a Certified Civil Trial Attorney by the Supreme Court of New Jersey since 1983. He served as Chairman of the Judicial and Prosecutorial Appointments Committee of the New Jersey State Bar Association, which con- siders all candidates to be a judge or prosecutor submitted by the Governor of New Jersey. He was President of the Association of Trial Lawyers of America, New Jersey, (The New Jersey Association for Justice) and has served as Trustee of the New Jersey State Bar Association and of the New Jersey State Bar Foundation. He also served as a member of the New Jersey Supreme Court Committee on the Admission of Foreign Attorneys. He established and chaired the New Jersey State Bar Association (public service / pro bono) program of military legal assistance for members of the Reserve Components called to active duty after September 11, 2001. He was a member of the New Jersey Supreme Court Civil Practice Committee. With the approval of the Secretary of Defense, on the recommendation of the White House, Judge Greenberg became Chairman of the Reserve Forces Policy Board in 2009, a Board established by the Secretary of Defense in 1951 and by Act of Congress in 1952. On July 26, 2011, Judge Greenberg was awarded the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service, the second highest civilian award in the Defense Department, at a public ceremony in the Pentagon, and completed his term in August 2011. In 2006 his Civil Trial Handbook, Volume 47 of the New Jersey Practice Series, was published by Thomson/West. A special 20th anniversary issue was published in 2009, to commemorate the 1989 publication of its predecessor, Trial Handbook for New Jersey Lawyers. A retired Brigadier General, he served as a member of the New Jersey World War II Memorial Commission. In June 2009 he received the highest honor granted by the New Jersey State Bar Foundation, its medal of honor for his work in establishing the military legal assistance program, and especially in his public service representation of soldiers at Walter Reed Army Medical Center during their Physician Disability Hearings. His article in the June 2007 issue of New Jersey Lawyer Magazine describes the program in detail. He has served as special litigation counsel to the Adjutants General Association of the United States and was special litigation counsel pro bono to the National Guard Association of the United States. Judge Greenberg was a Commissioner of the New Jersey State Commission of Investigation. He also served as Assistant Counsel to the Governor of New Jersey and as Commissioner of the New Jersey State Scholarship Commission. Professor Greenberg served as the first Adjunct Professor of Military Law at the Seton Hall University School of Law. He was chosen the New Jersey Lawyer of the Year for 2009 by the New Jersey Law Journal. He received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the Johns Hopkins University in 2010, and the Rutgers Law School Public Service Award in 2010 for his work in developing and leading the efforts to represent wounded and injured soldiers at Walter Reed. Judge Greenberg is admitted in New Jersey, New York and the District of Columbia. He is a member of the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States, and of the Third, Fourth and Federal Circuits, the Southern District of New York, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. Judge Greenberg is a graduate of the Johns Hopkins University (A.B., 1964) and Rutgers University Law School (J.D., 1967). He is married to the former Betty Kaufmann Wolf of Pittsburgh. They have three children, Katherine of New York, Anthony of Baltimore, and Elizabeth of New York; nominated to the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims by President Barack Obama on November 15, 2012, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 21, 2012, appointed by the President on December 27, 2012, and took the judicial oath on December 28, 2012, for a term of fifteen years. 898 Congressional Directory

OFFICERS OF THE U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS

Clerk of the Court.—Gregory O. Block, 501–5970. Chief Deputy Clerk Operations Manager.—Anne P. Stygles. Counsel to the Clerk.—Cary P. Sklar. Senior Staff Attorney (Central Legal Staff).—Cynthia Brandon-Arnold. Deputy Executive Officer.—Patrick H. Barnwell. Librarian.—Allison Fentress.

UNITED STATES JUDICIAL PANEL ON MULTIDISTRICT LITIGATION

Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, Room G–255, North Lobby, One Columbus Circle, NE., 20002, phone (202) 502–2800, fax 502–2888

(National jurisdiction to centralize related cases pending in multiple circuits and districts under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1407 & 2112)

Chairman.—Sarah S. Vance, Chief Judge, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana. Judges: Marjorie O. Rendall, U.S. Court of Appeals Judge, Third Circuit. Charles R. Breyer, Senior U.S. District Judge, Northern District of California. Lewis A. Kaplan, Senior U.S. District Judge, Southern District of New York. Ellen Segal Huvelle, U.S. District Judge, District of Columbia. R. David Proctor, U.S. District Judge, Northern District of Alabama. Catherine D. Perry, Chief Judge, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Missouri. Panel Executive.—Thomasenia P. Duncan. Clerk.—Jeffery N. Lu¨thi. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS

Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building One Columbus Circle, NE., 20544, phone (202) 502–2600

Director.—James C. Duff, 502–3000. Deputy Director.—Jill C. Sayenga, 502–3015. Chief of Staff.—Gary A. Bowden, 502–1300. Audit Officer, Office of Audit.—Veleda T. Henderson, 502–1000. Fair Employment Practices Officer, Office of Fair Employment Practices.—Nancy J. Dunham, 502–3080. General Counsel, Office of the General Counsel.—Sheryl L. Walter, 502–1100. Deputy General Counsel.—William E. Meyers, 502–1100. Ethics Staff.—Sheryl L. Walter, 502–1100. Chief, Rules Committee Support Staff.—Rebecca Womeldorf, 502–1820. Judicial Conference Secretariat Officer, Judicial Conference Secretariat.—Katherine Hord Simon, 502–2400. Public Affairs Officer, Office of Public Affairs.—David A. Sellers, 502–2600. Legislative Affairs Officer, Office of Legislative Affairs.—Cordia A. Strom, 502–1700. Deputy Legislative Affairs Officer.—Daniel A. Cunningham, 502–1700. Associate Director, Department of Administrative Services.—George H. Schafer, 502–2000. Chief of Staff.—Michael Milby, 502–2000. Chief, Administrative Systems Office.—Joseph W. Bossi, 502–2200. Chief Financial Officer, Budget, Accounting and Procurement Office.—Karin O’Leary, 502– 2100. Chief, Financial Liaison and Analysis Staff.—Edward O’Kane, 502–2000. Judiciary Budget Officer, Budget Division.—James R. Baugher, 502–2100. Judiciary Procurement Executive, Procurement Division.—Carey M. Fountain, 502–1330. Chief, Facilities and Security Office.—Melanie F. Gilbert, 502–1200. Human Resources Officer, Human Resources Office.—Patricia J. Fitzgibbons, 502–1170. Associate Director, Department of Program Services.—Laura C. Minor, 502–3500. Chief of Staff.—Michel M. Ishakian, 502–3500. Chief, Judicial Services Office.—Michele E. Reed, 502–1800. Chief, Court Services Office.—Mary Louise Mitterhoff, 502–1500. Chief, Defender Services Office.—Cait T. Clarke, 502–3030. Chief, Probation and Pretrial Services Office.—Matthew Rowland, 502–1600. Chief, Case Management Systems Office.—Andrew M. Zaso, 502–2500. Chief, Judiciary Data and Analysis Office.—Gary Yakimov, 502–1400. Associate Director, Department of Technology Services.—Joseph R. Peters, Jr., 502–2300. Chief of Staff.—Terry A. Cain, 502–2300. Chief, Cloud Technology and Hosting Office.—Robert D. Morse, 502–2730. Chief, IT Security Office.—Bethany De Lude, 502–2350. Chief, Systems Deployment and Support Office.—Ronald E. Blankenship, 502–2700. Chief, Technology Solutions Office.—Farhad K. Safaie, 502–2730. Chief, Infrastructure Management Office.—Tim Hanlon, 502–2640. Chief, AO Technology Office.—John C. Chang, 502–2830.

FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER One Columbus Circle, NE., 20002–8003, phone (202) 502–4160

Director.—Judge Jeremy D. Fogel, 502–4160, fax 502–4099. Deputy Director.—John S. Cooke, 502–4060, fax 502–4099. 899 900 Congressional Directory

Director of: Editorial and Information Services Office.—Sylvan A. Sobel, 502–4250, fax 502–4077. Education Division.—John S. Cooke (acting), 502–4060, fax 502–4099. Federal Judicial History Office.—Clara Altman, 502–4181, fax 502–4099. International Judicial Relations Office.—Mira Gur-Arie, 502–4191, fax 502–4099. Research Division.—James B. Eaglin, 502–4070, fax 502–4199. Information Technology Office.—Esther DeVries, 502–4223, fax 502–4288.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURTS H. Carl Moultrie I Courthouse, 500 Indiana Avenue, NW., 20001 phone (202) 879–1010

Executive Officer.—Anne B. Wicks, 879–1700. Deputy Executive Officer.—Cheryl R. Bailey, 879–1700; fax 879–4829. Director, Governmental and Public Relations.—Leah Gurowitz, 879–1700.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURT OF APPEALS 430 E Street, NW., 20001 phone (202) 879–1010

Chief Judge.—Eric T. Washington. Associate Judges: Stephen H. Glickman. Corinne Beckwith. John R. Fisher. Catharine F. Easterly. Anna Blackburne-Rigsby. Roy W. McLeese. Phyllis D. Thompson.

Senior Judges: Theodore R. Newman, Jr. John M. Ferren. William C. Pryor. Inez Smith Reid. James A. Belson. Warren R. King. Frank Q. Nebeker. Michael W. Farrell. John M. Steadman. Vanessa Ruiz. John A. Terry.

Clerk.—Julio Castillo, 879–2725. Chief Deputy Clerk.—Tracy Nutall, 879–2773. Administration Director.—Reginald Turner, 879–2755. Admissions Director.—Derek Mitchell, 879–2714. Public Office Operations Director.—Terry Lambert, 879–2702. Senior Staff Attorney.—Rosanna Mason, 879–2718.

SUPERIOR COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 500 Indiana Avenue, NW., 20001 phone (202) 879–1010

Chief Judge.—Lee F. Satterfield. Associate Judges: Jennifer M. Anderson. Russell F. Canan. Judith Bartnoff. Erik P. Christian. Ronna L. Beck. Jeanette Clark. Patricia A. Broderick. Natalia Combs Greene. A. Franklin Burgess, Jr. Laura A. Cordero. Zoe Bush. Harold Cushenberry, Jr. John M. Campbell. Carol Dalton. District of Columbia Courts 901

Danya A. Dayson. Juliet J. McKenna. Marisa Demeo. Robert E. Morin. Jennifer A. DiToro. Thomas J. Motley. Herbert B. Dixon, Jr. John M. Mott. Todd E. Edelson. Stuart G. Nash. Anthony Epstein. Michael R. O’Keefe. Gerald I. Fisher. Ann O’Regan Keary. Wendell P. Gardner, Jr. Robert D. Okun. Brian Holeman. Florence Y. Pan. Alfred S. Irving. Heidi Pasichow. Craig Iscoe. Hiram E. Puig-Lugo. Gregory Jackson. Maribeth Raffinan. William M. Jackson. Michael L. Rankin. J. Ramsey Johnson. Robert I. Richter. Anita Josey-Herring. Robert Rigsby. Kimberley S. Knowles. Maurice Ross. Peter Krauthamer. Michael J. Ryan. Neal E. Kravitz. Fern Flanagan Saddler. Milton C. Lee Judith Smith. Lynn Leibowitz. Frederick H. Weisberg. Jose´ M. Lo´pez. Yvonne Williams. Judith N. Macaluso. Rhonda Reid Winston. John McCabe. Melvin R. Wright. Senior Judges: Mary Ellen Abrecht. Zinora Mitchell-Rankin. Geoffrey M. Alprin. Gregory E. Mize. John H. Bayly. Truman A. Morrison III. Kaye R. Christian. Judith E. Retchin. Linda Kay Davis. Nan R. Shuker. Frederick D. Dorsey. Robert S. Tignor. Stephanie Duncan-Peters. Stephen F. Eilperin. Linda D. Turner. Henry F. Greene. Curtis Von Kann. Brook Hedge. Ronald P. Wertheim. Rufus G. King III. Susan R. Winfield. Richard A. Levie. Peter H. Wolf. Cheryl M. Long. Patricia A. Wynn. Bruce S. Mencher. Joan Zeldon. Magistrate Judges: Janet Albert. Elizabeth Mullin. Errol Arthur. Lloyd U. Nolan. Joseph E. Beshouri. William Nooter. Rainey R. Brandt. Adrienne Noti. Diane M. Brenneman. Lori Parker. Julie Breslow. Renee Raymond. Diana Harris Epps. Tara Fentress. Gretchen Rohr. S. Pamela Gray. Mary Grace Rook. Karen Howze. Kenia Seoane-Lopez. Noel Johnson. Sean Staples. Michael J. McCarthy. Frederick J. Sullivan. Aida Melendez. Elizabeth Wingo. Clerk of the Court.—James McGinley, 879–1400.