JUNE16, 19321 SCIENCE 681 tions and voluntary generosity, although will- one hand, and, on the other, the research insti- ing, are less able to be found and less capable tutions administered by the state, for this rea- at this time; already gauged as inadequate of son, namely, that the country's organization for themselves alone before the war, they obvi- research, complex in origin, yet economical and ously can not alone cope with the necessary effeotive, stands as an integral system to the undertakings now. The present is a time when entire existence of which is essential an ade- a large-scale withdrawal of the government's quate state provision for both these constituent financial support must prove most formidably elements, indispensable, since they are, to the crippling. Such crippling will be greater than whole structure of the system. the actual measure of the sum wiithdrawn would C. S. SHERRINGTON entail in ordinary times. a To pull down under emergency what has been built up through years of careful experience HENRY MARION HOWE and is proving efficient can scarcely be ultimate INthe death of Professor Howe the world economy. It is to unlearn a useful lesson lost both a great scientist and a great teacher. learnt. Curtailmeat of the state aid-relatively There has been recorded in various places the small in this country-given to scientific re- account of his life and life work, of his honors search mast harm the scientific production of and of his publications. When in 1017 he was the country. Some curtailment, however, at presented with the medal of the this time seems unavoidable. Though extension United Engineering Societies a complete record of buildings and equipment and personlael is of his work as a metallurgist, as a teacher and wanted, it may be necessary to withhold that as a writer was given, together with a list of extension at this time, maintaining broadly the his professional papers, of which there are status quo ready for expansion when that is over 300 titles (Monthly Bulletin A. I. N. E., ence more feasible. But if research be an July, 1917, p. 30). indispensable factor in the rebuilding of the Henry Marion IIowe died on May 14, 1922, national life, sacrifices should not be required at his residence in Bedford Hills, N. Y., after from it disproportionately greater than from an illness of over a year. He was born at other services of a similarly essential kind. Boston, Mass., in March, 1848, the son of Dr. Reduction of the state's support on a scale to Samuel G. and Julia Ward Howe. His father entail ruin to the existent organization would was noted for his philanthropy and distin- be a wastage rather than an economy. Calmly guished services in the Greek war for inde- viewed, what more reminiscent of the wastage pendence, while his mother, the author of the of the war itself than for machinery actually "Battle Hymn of the Republic," was a leader constructed, assembled, and producing what is of many reforms, from !the abolition of slavery needful for a nation's strength as a pillar in to woman's suffrage. As Dr. Raymond at the the industrial and intelleotual temple of the presentation of the said, "It world, to be now under temporary change &ban- was a good stock on both sides, making him doned or broken up; and at a time when indus- heir to intellectual keenness and refinement, try as a whole stands convinced, of scientific the capacity for both enthusiasm and peme- research as a necessity for its recovery and verance, a passion for the pursuit of knowledge well-being. and a gift of clear and felicitous statement." My hope would be that scientific research on For he was imbued with the spirit of scientific its present maintenance will be considered part research, the love of investigation, a striking of the intellectual bread of the community, part power of observation and of interpretation, ta of the bed-rock on which rests the efficiency, which was added his wonderful clearness in not to speak of the industrial equipment, of expressing his thoughts not alone in his the nation; that it will be treated as such in writings but more especially in his lectures the measure of state-support continued to it; and in the presentation of his papers at seien- that the state will remember that that support tifio meetings. has to embrace at least both the universities on Graduating from the Boston Latin Schosl in SCIENCE [VOL. LV, No. 1433

1865, he received the degree of A.B. from Har- president of the American Society Testing vard in 1869 and the B.S. in mining and metal- Materials, the American Institute Mining En- lurgy from the Massachusetts Institute of gineers, the International Association for Test- Technology in 1871. The following year he ing Materials and honorary vice-president of received the degree of A.M. from I-Iarvard, the Iron and Steel Institute of Great Britain. followed by the LL.D. in 1905. He received the Bessemer medal of the Iron The practical side of his life began in iron and Steel Institute of Great Britain, Eliot and steel. ITe mas superintendent of the Bes- Cresson medal, of Phila- semer Steel Worl