JUNE16, 19321 SCIENCE 681 tions and voluntary generosity, although will- one hand, and, on the other, the research insti- ing, are less able to be found and less capable tutions administered by the state, for this rea- at this time; already gauged as inadequate of son, namely, that the country's organization for themselves alone before the war, they obvi- research, complex in origin, yet economical and ously can not alone cope with the necessary effeotive, stands as an integral system to the undertakings now. The present is a time when entire existence of which is essential an ade- a large-scale withdrawal of the government's quate state provision for both these constituent financial support must prove most formidably elements, indispensable, since they are, to the crippling. Such crippling will be greater than whole structure of the system. the actual measure of the sum wiithdrawn would C. S. SHERRINGTON entail in ordinary times. a To pull down under emergency what has been built up through years of careful experience HENRY MARION HOWE and is proving efficient can scarcely be ultimate INthe death of Professor Howe the world economy. It is to unlearn a useful lesson lost both a great scientist and a great teacher. learnt. Curtailmeat of the state aid-relatively There has been recorded in various places the small in this country-given to scientific re- account of his life and life work, of his honors search mast harm the scientific production of and of his publications. When in 1017 he was the country. Some curtailment, however, at presented with the John Fritz medal of the this time seems unavoidable. Though extension United Engineering Societies a complete record of buildings and equipment and personlael is of his work as a metallurgist, as a teacher and wanted, it may be necessary to withhold that as a writer was given, together with a list of extension at this time, maintaining broadly the his professional papers, of which there are status quo ready for expansion when that is over 300 titles (Monthly Bulletin A. I. N. E., ence more feasible. But if research be an July, 1917, p. 30). indispensable factor in the rebuilding of the Henry Marion IIowe died on May 14, 1922, national life, sacrifices should not be required at his residence in Bedford Hills, N. Y., after from it disproportionately greater than from an illness of over a year. He was born at other services of a similarly essential kind. Boston, Mass., in March, 1848, the son of Dr. Reduction of the state's support on a scale to Samuel G. and Julia Ward Howe. His father entail ruin to the existent organization would was noted for his philanthropy and distin- be a wastage rather than an economy. Calmly guished services in the Greek war for inde- viewed, what more reminiscent of the wastage pendence, while his mother, the author of the of the war itself than for machinery actually "Battle Hymn of the Republic," was a leader constructed, assembled, and producing what is of many reforms, from !the abolition of slavery needful for a nation's strength as a pillar in to woman's suffrage. As Dr. Raymond at the the industrial and intelleotual temple of the presentation of the John Fritz medal said, "It world, to be now under temporary change &ban- was a good stock on both sides, making him doned or broken up; and at a time when indus- heir to intellectual keenness and refinement, try as a whole stands convinced, of scientific the capacity for both enthusiasm and peme- research as a necessity for its recovery and verance, a passion for the pursuit of knowledge well-being. and a gift of clear and felicitous statement." My hope would be that scientific research on For he was imbued with the spirit of scientific its present maintenance will be considered part research, the love of investigation, a striking of the intellectual bread of the community, part power of observation and of interpretation, ta of the bed-rock on which rests the efficiency, which was added his wonderful clearness in not to speak of the industrial equipment, of expressing his thoughts not alone in his the nation; that it will be treated as such in writings but more especially in his lectures the measure of state-support continued to it; and in the presentation of his papers at seien- that the state will remember that that support tifio meetings. has to embrace at least both the universities on Graduating from the Boston Latin Schosl in SCIENCE [VOL. LV, No. 1433 1865, he received the degree of A.B. from Har- president of the American Society Testing vard in 1869 and the B.S. in mining and metal- Materials, the American Institute Mining En- lurgy from the Massachusetts Institute of gineers, the International Association for Test- Technology in 1871. The following year he ing Materials and honorary vice-president of received the degree of A.M. from I-Iarvard, the Iron and Steel Institute of Great Britain. followed by the LL.D. in 1905. He received the Bessemer medal of the Iron The practical side of his life began in iron and Steel Institute of Great Britain, Eliot and steel. ITe mas superintendent of the Bes- Cresson medal, Franklin Institute of Phila- semer Steel Worl<s, Joliet,, in 1972, and of the delphia, gold medal of the Verein znr Befoer- Blair Iron and Steel Company, 1873-74. For clerung des Gemerbfleisses, Berlin, gold medal some five years he devoted himself to the rnetal- of Soci6t6 d'Encouragement pour 1'Industrie lnrgy of copper and improved copper smelting Nationale of France, 1916, and John Fritz in Chile for the heirs of Augustns Hemenway, medal, United Engineering Societies, 1917. Hc and then designed and built the works of the received honorary doctor's degrees from Har- Orforcl Copper Company at Capelton and varcl, Lafayette and the University of Pitts- Eustis in the Province of Quebec and at Ber- burgh. gen Point, N. J., 1879-1882. This latter year But it is as a teacher and as one who has he was manager of the Pima Copper-mining follo~veclthe paths of research that Professor and Smelting Company of Arizona. Howc should be honored above all. As a lec- From 1883-97 he was a consulting metallur- tnrer his diction was most simple and his ideas gist in Boston arid at the same time lectured ancl logical development of thought so clea? in metallurgy at the Institute of Technology. that the dullest could not help but understand In 1897 he was called to the chair of metal- it. In fact, his courses seemed very easy com- lurgy at Columbia University and became pro- pared with collateral reading from text-books fessor emeritus in 1913. and the lilre, and to those of us who had the His notable books were "The &Ietallurgy of privilege of working with him in the laboratory Steel," 1888 (translated into French) ancl his inspiration was imn~easurable. Possessed "T'tie Metallography of Steel and Cast Iron," of a kindly personality, he took n, fatherly 1916. They were both epoch making. In the interest in as all and spared no pains in our first he accumulated all the notable interest- training. His methods were new, too new for worthy material in the lnetallurgy of steel and many of his associates to unclarstand or appre- with amazing insight arranged it so logically ciate, for he believed that science must be fol- and so clearly as to bring out the significant lowed in an or.clerly and well-thought-out man- simila,rities rather than the striking dzerences. ner, that the problem should first of all be In his last book we have a record of his own stated, our knowleclge of the subject be re- creative work and his interpretations of the viewed and then a complete plan of campaign newer results in metallography, striking out laic1 out, before any experimental work mas into a path far remote from the orclinary text- started, for Ile had no use ancl less respect for book and leading to a new country of thought the old cook book methods of metallurgy, and investigakion. which unfortanately are not yet quite a thing His honors ,were many a.nd val*ied and of the past. Another marlred characteristic showed that his work and life were appreciated was his tolerance and patience. While the not only at home but abroad. EIe was Knight systematic planning of work came naturally to of the Order of St. Stanislas of Russia and him, yet he realized the difficulties in the paths Cllevalior of the Legion of Honor, France. of others and was never intolerant or unkindly He had honorary membei.ship in many of the critical when things went wrong, even when his societies, from the Royal Swedish Academy of advice had been neglectecl.- Each of us was Scientists to the Sooi6t6 d'Encouragement pour made to feel that he was a co-worker and not L'Industrie Nationale of France. He held fel- merely an assistant, and in that way the best lowships in many of the academies and was of eaeh of us was brought out and developed. His thoughtfulness of others was always with the Pacific Division of the associatibn. uppermost in his mind, and many a man had This will be the seventy-fifth meeting of the cause to thank him for pecuniary help, which association and the sixth annual meeting of the was always made available in such a way that Pacific Division and its affiliated societies.