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Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Soils of Jamalabad District of Lowshan in Guilan, Iran

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Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Soils of Jamalabad District of Lowshan in Guilan, Iran Archive of SID •Arch Hyg Sci 2018;7(4): 295-302 RESEARCH ARTICLE •Journal Homepage: http://jhygiene.muq.ac.ir Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Soils of Jamalabad District of Lowshan in Guilan, Iran a* b c Mohsen Mohammadi Galangash , Pedram Hedayat , Ali Fazlollahi aDepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh sara, Guilan, Iran. bDepartment of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. cDepartment of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh sara, Guilan, Iran. *Correspondence should be addressed to Dr Mohsen Mohammadi Galangash, Email: [email protected] A-R-T-I-C-L-EI-N-F-O A-B-S-T-R-A-C-T Article Notes: Background & Aims of the Study: Jamalabad district of Lowshan is one of the ancient Received: Jul 29, 2018 industrial zones of the country with regard to having Lowshan industrial estate, Shahid Beheshti power plant, and the locality of two cement production factories. Hence, the study Received in revised form: of some persistent pollutants such as heavy can be extremely valuable in terms of public Oct 28, 2018 health and environmental issues. Accepted: Nov 18, 2018 Materials & Methods: In this survey, 30 samples of surface soils were collected around Available Online: Nov 25, Lowshan industrial estate and Shahid Beheshti power plant. After sample preparation the specimens were analyzed using ICP-OES. In the next, according to the results of statistical 2018 analyzes, Pollution Loading Index (PLI) and Contamination Factor (CF), the qualitative Keywords: status of the soils in the region was evaluated. Heavy metals, Results: The distribution of metals was obtained according to pattern of Si>Pb>V>Co>Ni> Soil pollution, Cd, respectively. The mean soil concentrations ranged within 1.33-2.08 for Cd, 32.55-49.33 Jamalabad, for Ni, 80.12-124.76 for Pb, 45.51-66.36 for Co, 59.58-106.76 for V and 140.61-304.36 mg/kg for Si. According to the results of PLI, the soil of the area was classified as Lowshan, inappropriate quality. Guilan, Conclusions: The main components of cobalt, cadmium and nickel were more effective on Iran. contamination levels than other metals. According to cluster analysis, these grouping of metals can illustrate the industrial origins of pollutants. Surface soil pollution in the area, demonstrate the long-term effects of various industrial units activities in the industrial estate, power plant activities, and road transport, operation of various mines activities and the existence of cement industries, can also be effective in discharging of pollutants in the region. Please cite this article as: Mohammadi Galangash M, Hedayat P, Fazlollahi A. Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Soils of Jamalabad District of Lowshan in Guilan, Iran. Arch Hyg Sci 2018;7(4):295-302 Every day, myriad amounts of hazardous Background pollutants from various industrial activities in industrial estates as well as combustion of fossil The deliberate and unconscious interferences of fuels from their units enter into water, air and human being in the nature have led to soil environments (3,4) Among the various environmental crises and the occurrence of pollutants, heavy metals have a significant various illnesses. (1,2). Nowadays, among the contribution of industrial pollution. The major human interference on nature, the direct and concerns about heavy metals are the indirect effects of industrial activities on their proliferation of their emission sources, toxicity peripheral environment have become one of the and sustainability in the environment, so that most controversial challenges in the world. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Archives of Hygiene Sciences Volume 7, Number 4, Autumnwww.SID.ir 2018 © 2018 Publisher: Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. 295 Archive ofMohammadi SID Galangash M, et al. / Arch Hyg Sci 2018;7(4):295-302 •Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Soils of Jamalabad... heavy metal pollution not only affects physical, chemical structure of the surrounding soils chemical and biological properties of the soil, given the direction of the dominant winds. but can threat to human health by entering the Aims of the Study food chain and contaminating groundwater The presence of heavy metals in the raw (5,6). In recent years, bulks of studies have materials of industrial units located in Lowshan been implemented on the study of heavy metals Industrial Estate, huge amounts of fossil fuels in surface soils around industrial centers all consumed in industrial units, power plants and over the world. Ahmadipour et al. (2013) vehicles are of the main known sources of studied the concentration of mercury in soils heavy metal pollution in study area. In this and different organs of rice in the fields around study, the concentration of heavy metals of Amol Industrial Estate. The results of their lead, silica, vanadium, cadmium, cobalt and study showed that high amounts of mercury nickel in surface soils around the Lowshan from industrial estate activities have Industrial Estate Shahid Beheshti power plant accumulated in the soil and in different organs and road of Rasht-Qazvin was investigated. of rice (7). The results of studies by Preliminary literature reviews show that since Parizangeneh et al. (2010) regarding heavy the establishment of these industries there has metal levels in soils around Zanjan Industrial been no scientific report on the status of heavy Estate revealed that heavy metals of lead, metals pollution in the surface soils of the area. cadmium, and zinc contained in waste and Given the agricultural activities in the region, industrial waste of industrial units of this estate proximity of Shahrood River, which flows to has caused excessive accumulation of lead and Manjil dam and the growth of rural and urban zinc elements in the surrounding areas by wet communities, the results of this study are and dry deposition of air pollution or industrial essential for ecological values and public wastewater discharges (8). The study carried health. out by Conko et al (2013) on the contamination Materials & Methods of arsenic and mercury elements in soils around an industrial city in the Donets Basin in Soil sampling Ukraine showed that the concentrations of all Sampling was carried out in the spring of 2017 studied elements were higher than their mean in following the initial field surveys in Jamalabad soil of the region (9). Jamalabad district of area in the vicinity of Lowshan industrial estate. Lowshan is located 5 km west of Lowshan near 30 sampling stations were selected by random the two old roads and Rasht-Qazvin highway in systematic method and according to Fig.1 their Gilan province. Shahid Beheshti Power Plant geographic positions were obtained using by and Lowshan Industrial Estate have the GPS (Map62s Garmin model). A total, 30 potential of transferring high amounts of heavy combined samples in the depths of 0-30 cm of metals to the adjacent environment. The most the surface soil were collected. Also, a control important active industrial units in the region sample was taken in the opposite of dominant that can contribute to the discharge of heavy wind direction and at a depth of 1 meter. The metals are including, metal melting and casting, samples were packaged in polyethylene bags mineral processing, plastics production, the along with labeling, placed in a Styrofoam ice production of asphalt and the refineries of box and then transferred to the laboratory (11). motor oil (10). Output pollution load from two cement factories in the region has always contributed significantly to changes in the ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ Archives of Hygiene Sciences Volume 7, Number 4, Autumn 201www.SID.ir8 © 2018 Publisher: Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. 296 Archive•Heavy of MetalsSID Pollution in Surface Soils of Jamalabad... Mohammadi Galangash M, et al. / Arch Hyg Sci 2018;7(4): 295-302 then placed in an aqueous bath for one hour at 85°C and then were heated for two hours at 120°C in the digestion reactor of CR 3200 WTW model in order for the digestion to be completed. Finally, after cooling, the samples were plated with Whatman filter paper grade 42 and dispersed in a 50-ml balloon with deionized water. Finally, the total concentration of lead, silica, vanadium, cadmium, cobalt and nickel of all extracts was read by ICP-OES (Spectro Arcos model) in the Faculty of Health of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (12). Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Figure 1) Sampling stations at the study area Loading Index (PLI) values were calculated to determine the potential of surface soil contamination according to equations (1) and Analysis (2), where is the concentration of metal in the Sample preparation operations in the laboratory sample, is the concentration of metal in the were performed with air drying for 72 hours, background or the mean concentration in the then passing through a 2 mm sieve to allow for earth's crust, and is the number of metals. The large particle separation. The initial screened pollution load index is a simple comparative samples were dried in a thinner air layer and tool for assessing the quality of the site (13,14). then passed through a sieve with mesh 100 (0.149 mm). At this stage, to reach the constant dry weight, the soil samples were dried in the oven for 3 hours and the temperature of 110°C and 1 gram of the samples were weighed using Eq (1) a digital scale with a precision of 0.0001 gram and were put inside the test tubes. In order to digest the samples, first, 1 ml of Nitric acid 65% solution and 3 ml of chloride acid 37% Eq (2) were added to the samples (1 to 3 ratio) and placed in ambient temperature for 30 minutes to remove their toxic fumes.
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