Gastrointestinal System Mouth and Pharynx

Nasal septum Soft palate Mouth Hard palate Nasopharynx Oral cavity Body of tongue

Esophagus C1 C1 Pharyngeal Oropharynx constrictor C2 Root of tongue muscles C3 Retro- Epiglottis pharyngeal C4 Mandible space Stomach C5 Laryngopharynx Duodenum C6 Vertebral Vocal fold bodies Transverse colon Cricoid cartilage C7 Descending colon Trachea Ascending colon T1 Esophageal muscles Esophagus

Small intestine Thyroid gland Rectum

Sigmoid colon Stomach/Liver/Gallbladder

Left lobe of liver Abdominal part of esophagus Inferior border of liver

Quadrate lobe of liver Fundus of stomach

Gallbladder Cardiac part of stomach

e Right lobe of liver r u t a Body v Angular notch r u of stomach c (incisure) r e s s Spleen e Pylori L cana c e P l r yl tu or a ic rv Pylorus par u t of c stom er ach at re Duodenum Pyloric G antrum

Greater omentum

Rectum and Anal Canal

Rectosigmoid junction Superior Transverse folds Middle of rectum (valves Inferior of Houston)

8–9 cm Longitudinal muscle layer

Circular muscle layer Levator ani muscle 5–6 cm Anorectal line Anal columns (Morgagni) 4–5 cm Pectinate (dentate) line

2.5–3 cm canal l l anal Internal sphincter muscle cana 0.5–1 cm Anal crypt Surgical anal Anatomica

Sweat glands and Anal valve Anal glands hairs in perianal skin Internal rectal venous plexus in submucous space Colon

Right colic Left colic (splenic) flexure (hepatic) flexure Transverse colon

Haustra

Ascending Haustra colon Semilunar folds

Ileum Descending Ileal colon orifice

Cecum Vermiform appendix Rectum

Sigmoid colon Levator ani muscle Sigmoid mesocolon External anal sphincter muscle