GOVERNMENT OF

BLOCK LEVEL 4 STATISTICS

TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS TRIVANDRUM, JANUARY 1986

KER-B

PRINTED BY THE 8 , 0 .P. AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS, ERNAKULAM— 1986. BLOCK LEVEL STATISTICS

TRIVAHDRUM DISTRICT

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS

TRIVANDRUM

NIEPA DC

D03355 JANUARY 1986

68/193— 1 Ssbf Systems UtiH, IflJfifute of Educaticiwl -'i AroiT'i.-:ition AV. 1‘ ^dji_Harfi.New|Ddhi-11001|^ g g c . N o . i . . 3 . 3 , ^ A . , Pfltff 11 ^rninianwm PREFACE

To facilitate decentralised planning the Department of Economics and Statistics is now engaged in building up block level data for each district. The present report relating to Trivandrum district was prepared by the officers and staflf of the district office (Economics and Statistics) Trivandrum under the guidance of the Deputy Director, Trivandrum.

It is hoped that this report will be of considerable use to the planners for formulation of schemes and for evaluation of the schemes implemented at the block level. Since attempts are being made to bring out similar publications, for other districts, suggestions for improvement are most welcome.

N. G e o r g e j o h n , Trivandrum, Director o f Economics and 1-1-1986. Statistics, CONTENTS

Page

S e c t io n 1— P o p u l a t io n

Table 1.1 Blocks, Panchayats and Wards 3 ,, 1.2 General population particulars of Blocks 1981 4- ,, 1.3 General population particulars of Panchayats 1981 4- ,, 1.4 General population particulars of SG/ST in Blocks 1981 7 ,, 1.5 Workers and non-workers in Blocks 1981 8 ,, 1.6 Workers and non-workers in Panchayats 1981 9 ,, 1.7 Workers and non-workers (SC) in Panchayats 1981 12 ,, 1.8 Workers and non-workers (ST) in Panchayats 1981 14

S e c t io n I I — A g r ic u l t u r e Table 2.1 Rainfall in selected centres 1984 1 9 ,, 2.2 Number of plots and area under dry land and wet land . 19 2.3 Land utilisation pattern . 20 ,, 2.4 Area under important crops 20 ,, 2.5 Livestock population 1982 21

Se c t io n III—E d u c a t io n Table 3.1 Schoo's for General Education (1983-84) 27 3.2 Students in School Education (1983-84) 28 3.3 SC/ST Students in School Education (1983-84) 29 3.4 Social and Cultural Institutions 1984 3 0

S e c t io n IV—M iscellaneous Table 4.1 Housing conditions 1980 33 „ 4.2 Industrial Units and Banks (1983-84) 34 ,, 4.3 Outmigration for Employment 1980 34 „ 4.4 Medical Institutions (1983-84) 35 4.5 Infrastructure facilities 36

63/193—2 TRTVANDRrM DISTRICT

Population (1981) 2 ‘ 60 lakhs Area 2192 sq. km. Density of population persq. km. 1184 No. of Taluks 4 No. of Blocks 12 No, of Panchayats 84 No. of MunidpaHties/Gorporation 5 No. of wards 10\2 SECTION I

POPULATION

68/193—3

TABLE l.l BlodKS, Pmndtayats and W ards

SI. - .1 Marne q f BlockiMunicipality % i Jfo. o f Panchayats No. o f Wards Ho. ..It?-.

Bl o c k : ■ ‘ 1. Athiyantiur 7 77 2. Ghirayinkil 7 73 3. Kazhakuttam 7 79 4. 8 79 ' 5. Neduxnangad 5 36 6 Ncmom ^8 88 7. .6 , 66 8. Perumkadavila 9^ 90 9. 1 rivandnim Rural 4 46 f»* 1 10. V am anapurair 8 82 11. ( 7 66; 12. ;*Vcllanad 8 84

Sub total 84 T ' 886

M unicipalities : i 1 1. Trivandrum Corporation .. 50

2.( Mxmicipality . 20

3. ' N^umangad Municipality .. 24

4. Municipality " . 20

5. Varkala Mimicipality • • 12

Sub total 126

District total 84 1012 , ) TAK-E 1.12 G en a ta l Population Partactilars i981

Literacy ratio SI. { Name of Block/ Area in No. of Popula­ Sex Density per No. ' Muiiicipzdity Sq. kin. households tion ratio Sq. km. Male Female Totai

10

Blocks 1 Athiyannur 73.73 34707 178370 987 2419 67-^64 iruS9-'51 63-6“ 2 G hirayinJ^ 84.65 29112 159741 1125 1887 7 2 1 2 61-13 66-30 3 K azhakuttam 133.38 35127 189103 1043 1418 76-04 66-52 71-18 4 Kilimanoor 179.77 31325 164258 1087 914 76 08 €5-39 70-51 5 123.50 23846 124030 1018 1004 76-04 6 5 -'13 70-52 6 134.60 41023 211607 1001 1572 76*^1 67? 58 72-24 7 Parassala 82.21 29744 154275 995 1877 70-23 60-58 65-21 8 Perumkadavila .. 304.30 38469 189524 1003 623 61-90 66-83 9 Trivandriiih Rural .. 43.12 20766 110238 995 2557 82-44 7S-'97 ?78-22 10 Vamanaput-am 421.16 34768 180791 1033 429 74-96 '63-^9 69-39 11 Varkala 86.67 22671 130481 1138 1505 73-34 62*91 67-79 12 372.16 36420 184972 1014 497 78-09 63-11 68-07

M unicipauties 1 Trivandrum Corpo­ ration 74.93 88863 483086 1005 6447 80 01 72-62 76-31 2 Neyyattinkara 9.70 5157 27993 1002 2886 ^9-86 71-^1 75-73 3 N edum ari^d 32.52 8013 43989 1041 »ilri558 f 74r94 65-59 .70*51 4 Attingal i . 14.18 5336 29645 1093 ■ « |2 0 9 1 : 81-57 y,3>e'4 77*48 5 Varkala 15.42 5734 34009 1120 2206 ^ .72-^0 63-61 ,67-71 f * ------TfTT, riTTT^ Distrii;^ Total 2192.00 491081 2596112 1030 1184 75-29 65-85 70-50

I'M ■ U 4 TABLE 1.3 General Population Particulars of Panchayats (1981)

Population Area in No. of Si. Name of Block/Panchayat No. Sq. km. households Female Literacy M ale Total rate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

I . A t h iy a n n u r 73-73 34707 89777 88593 178370 63-6

1 Athiyannur 12-44 4099 10467 10568 21035 74-7 2 Kanjiramkxilam 10-36 3296 7767 7655 15422 68-2 3 Karamkulam 2-43 4552 11358 11054 22412 52-5 4 12-16 5073 12775 12899 25674 63-0 5 Thiruvallam 13-60 5774 15264 15283 30547 66-6 6 Vengannoor 10-12 5076 13061 12921 25982 71-1 7 Vizhinjara . • 12-62 6837 19085 18213 37298 54-7

IL C h ir a y in k il 84-65 29112 75166 84575 159741 66*3 15632 I AnienffoO 3-36 2882 7690 7942 54-8 2 12-46 4507 11267 12942 24209 60-7 3 Chirayinkil 10-87 5027 13637 15250 28887 64-3 4 K ada^avoor 10-39 4297 10805 12559 23364 70-3 5 Kizhuvillam 14-74 4509 11891 13678 25569 69*4 6 Madakkal 27-47 50'i9 12572 13573 26145 7\-7 7 5*36 2831 7304 8631 15935 70-0 5

TABLE 1.3—(W#.)

Population Area in No. of A’i SI. Name of Block/Panchayat households ' K - j a ...... No. Sq. km. ^ ivlale Female Literacy Total rate ■ I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

III. Kazhakuttam \\ . 133-38 35127 92580 96523 r 189103- r '^:7i-2

1 Andoorkonim . 13*96 3441 9852 10132 19984 . ,6 9 -4 2 Attipra 16-03 5340 13652 14037 27689 . . 73-6 3 17-68 5894 16122 17525 33647 , 59-2- 4 Kazhakuttam •*' • 19*47 4526 12690 12205 24895 76-1- 5 Mangalapuram 21-66 5093 13153 14554 27707 7 0 0 6 • • 20-85 3958 10019 10611 20630 ; /75-0 7 Sreekariam 23-73 6875 17092 17459 34551 78-0 , i IV. K ilimannoor 179-77 31325 78690 85568 164258 70-5:

1 Karuvaram 22*07 4172 10941 11922 22863 72-4 2 Kilimanoor ^. 19-04 3347 8133 8601 16734 73 3 Madavoor 18-71 2969 7680 8129 15809 65-6 4 23-30 4117 10157 11022 21179 71-3 5 ^avaikulam 28-23 5351 13680 15378 29058 68-2- 6 Pallickal 16-18 2421 6252 6780 13032 69-1 7 Pazhayakunnumel ‘ 25-31 4197 10349 11138 21487 71-6 8 26-93 4751 11498 12598 24096 71-9 rr\ r • > .

V- N bdumanoad ' « • 123-50 ^ 23846 61470 62560 124030 r 70-5:

1 \ • * 24-15 4610 11782 12082 23864 . ’70-8-:' 2 ¥ % 21-86 453i U741 11904 23645 70-4,: 3 1 25-01 6343 16326 16519 32845 73-5> 4 21-90 3015 7698 7926 15624 , 68-7C 5 30-58 5347 13923 14129 28052 67-9 I <«><’« 1 • I V I. N emom 134-60 " 41023 105730 105877 21ie07 72-2

1 Balaram ap u r^ 10-53 5055 13465 13452 26917 68-0 2 17-23 5234 13450 13473 26923 74.1 3 25-13 5538 13875 I39I5 27790 71-3 4 M arukil 16-39 4688 12013 12133 24146 76-1 5 Nemom 12-18 6367 16540 16748 33288 74-9 6 21 70 6070 15638 15492 31130 71-7 7 19-42 4525 11444 11536 22980 69-5 8Vilavoorkkal 12-02 3546 9305 9128 18433 71-7

V II. P a r a ssa la .. 82-21 29744 77343 76932 154275 65-2

1 19-37 5738 14713 14325 29038 70-8 2 15-67 4676 12063 12038 24101 63-4 3 K ulathur 11-24 5448 13455 13361 26816 55-7 4Parassala 20-02 7390 20400 20467 40867 68-1 5 7-34 3215 8899 9125 18024 61-2 € • • 8-57 3277 7813 7616 15429 71-1

V IIi. P erumkadavila . . 304-30 38469 94612 94912 189524 6 6 - 8

1 Ariyamcode 21-78 3964 9513 9460 18973 68-2 2 49-47 3115 7817 8080 15897 59-3 3 106-27 2284 5433 5545 10978 67-1 4 13-73 3791 9454 9670 19124 72-2 5 26-85 6206 15082 15173 30255 66-7 6 . * 18-15 3250 7706 7756 1546 . 65-2 7 Perumkadavila 17-54 3858 9252 9243 184S5 67-7 8 Pcrumpizhuthtu* 18-91 5795 14740 14865 29605 71-2 9 Vcllarada 31-60 6206 1561? 15120 30735 62-7

68yl93—4 TABLE L3—(coKf,)

Population SI. Name of Block/Panchayat Area in No. of No. Sq. km. households Male Female Literacy Total rate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

IX . T rivandrum 43-12 20?«6 55267 54971 U<023fi 7 2 2

i Ghettivilakoiti 7-09 59S7 13481 13637 27U8 79 9 2 Kadakartt|)dlly 8 14 3«92 10213 10381 20594 76-3 3 16-«7 7105 19487 18790 38277 79-6 4 Vattiyurkavu « « 10-62 4712 12086 12163 24249 75-3

X . V asiana-^uram 421-16 34768 88945 91846 180791 69 4

1 K allara 39-48 4055 10571 10918 21489 72-6 2 M anikkal 33S 4 5305 13884 14170 28054 70-4 3Nanniyode 38-85 4604 11356 11753 23109 72-3 4 Kellanad • 18-46 3521 9187 9542 18729 70-3 5 P-angode • • 23-31 4566 11746 12284 24030 e9-2 6 2l7-<95 5419 13708 13834 27542 62-7 7 Pullampara 25-90 3008 9633 9786 19419 §6-8 8 > % 23-87 3670 8860 9559 18419 72-5

X I. V arkala 86-67 22671 '61037 69444 130481 67-8

1 .. 17-54 4299 10862 12256 23118 67-9 2 dherumniyur % 10-87 2717 6993 8090 1968? ^7 -5 3 9-14 3684 11579 13260 24839 70-5 4 SSakamon * * 17-75 3545 8949 10273 19222 6 9 '9 5 !\Canambur * * 15-06 3214 8432 9448 17880 65 0 6 O ttur , * 9-47 228! 5549 6434 11983 6 $ 1 7 Vcttoor 6-82 3001 8673 9683 18356 64-0

X II. V ellanad • • 372-16 36420 91859 93113 1S4972 68-1

1 Aryanad 104-92 4712 11703 12022 23725 63-0 2 KLattakada , , 22-51 5666 14466 14302 28768 70-1 3 Kutticlial 1 , 19-74 2995 7507 77280 15234 64-5 4 Poovachal 30-06 6556 16615 16657 33272 70-6 5 Tliolicode * ^ 22-37 4016 10707 11076 21783 68-3 6 Uzhamalacikal • • 18-75 3372 8596 8659 17255 68-1 7- Vellanad 22-1^ 4439 11062 11299 22361 72-7 8 V ithara 131-59 4664 11203 11371 22574 64-7 TAM Jg IA Popiitation}Particutak« c£ SckMkded €S««t

Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes

-3 M 0 Population Literates 2 Population Literates ji "o Nalrne of Bldck/Municipalities .0 MV 1 B g § Um Cm |e3 0 0.) 13 0 ■<3 u a 3 0 13 S 0 d ’rt 0 1 2 H S b Z b e2 Kb, h

1 Z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Block \ Atfaiyannoor ♦345 10723 10946 21669 7329 6641 13970 28 62 78 140 46 36 82 9 Ghirayinkil 4473 12085 13040 251-25 7368 6137 13505 2 2 3 5 1 2 3 a K.azViakuttam 4617 11687 12207 23894 7700 6631 14331 , 26 64 63 127 47 46 93 4 Kilimanoor 5128 12697 13407 26104 7112 5826 12940 12 3i 32 63 28 22 50 Nedumangad 1979 4716 5049 9767 2882 2542 5394 121 293 2§6 589 206 19i 397 fi Ncmom 4997 12114 12386 24502 3434 7507 16031 70 173 179 352 132 115 247 7 P arasta^ 2 m 6696 e©7\ 13669 4763 4371 9134 8 23 12 35 16 S 24 R Pcnimtaidavila 3280 7409 7733 15142 5089 4696 9785 404 396 937 1833 508 424 933 <1 TrivajKJriaa 2792 6803 6824 13^7 4038 4346 9284 18 53 39 92 41 26 67 10 Vamanapurarti 4 9 ^ 1 1 9 ^ 12859 24rd5 6530 5620 12150 982 2097 2189 4286 1396 1239 26^5 11 Varkahi 3430 96&1 10361 200-^ 5166 4211 9397 , , * . • «• 12 Vcllanad 2767 6322 6694 13016 4071 3702 7773 1418 2924 2977 5901 1682 1475 3157

* Sub total 45580 112873 118479 231352 71402 62292 133694 3089 6618 6005 13423 4104 3584 7688

M unicipalities

1 Trivandrum C3orporation 7632 19130 19269 383S9 13907 12152 26059 165 327 319 646 268 2! 7 480 ? Neyyattinkara 435 1060 1063 2123 726 665 1391 4 10 9 19 7 2 9 N e d \^ an g ad 805 1976 2042 4018 1182 1016 2198 13 28 28 56 17 19 36 4 Attlngal 600 1602 1729 3331 1044 923 1967 * , . * , * , * 5 V arkala 935 2399 2657 5056 1294 1144 2438 1 1 1

Sub total , ^ 10407 26167 26766 52927 16453 15900 34053 m 366 356 722 287 525 ...... District total 55987 139040 145239 284279 89555 78192 167747 3272 6984 7161 14145 4391 3822 6213 ______TABLE 1.5- . Woikers and Non-workers in Blocks__1981

Main workers M arg in ^ ■woriers; Non-workers Percentage Distribution of main workers u Name of Block/ ts A ” s f Municipalities 4J §■ 9 1 ii 4>’ c S o A ^ >> ? rt IS a; at f V S o s 13 B in in I H 3 t»0 o3 ■5 (Ix I I u < O 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 r B lo ck } Afhiyannoor 40215 10122 50337 2665 2005 4670 46897 76466 123363 56-1 2 Chirayinkil 29484 17932 47416 1818 28-2 5-7 30-5 7-6 2103 3921 43864 64540 108404 29-7 3 Kazhakuttom 38624 14009 52633 3177 4-9 23-7 7-6 63-8 2382 5559 50779 80132 130911 27-8 4 Kilimanoor 31135 9992 41127 4072 5*8 24-9 4-9 64-3 5429 9501 43483 70147 113630 25-0 17-9 47-6 2-0 32*4 5 NowJumangad 26710 5221 31931 3082 1980 6 5062 31678 55359 87037 25-7 12-0 48-0 2-2 37-7 Ncmom 47902 9452 57354 3342 2216 7 Parassala 5558 54486 94209 148695 27-1 7-3 41-9 6-1 44-7 35367 7578 42945 2535 2334 CO 8 Perumkadavlla 4869 39441 67020 106461 27-8 10-8 44-3 4-8 40-1 45702 9232 54934 4175 3113 7288 9 Trivandrum 1 44735 82567 12730? ?9-0 15'7 56'9 3-1 24-3 23541 5863 29404 1400 746 2146 30326 10 Vamanapuram 39606 10916 48362 78688 26-7 2-9 17-3 1-6 78-2 50522 5059 6129 11188 44280 74801 II908I 11 Varkala ; 22032 8753 30785 27-9 17-8 50-9 2 4 28-9 2614 3303 5917 36391 57388 93779 23-6 32-9 4-1 51-0 12 Vellanad yr .. 42768 9270 52038 3424 1 2 0 2208 5632 45667 81635 127302 28-1 14-4 52-0 4-5 29-1 Sub total 423086 118340 541426 37363 33948 71311 512027 852626 1364653 27-4 10-7 40*1 4-4 44-8

M unicipalities

1 Trivandrum Corporation 99010 28336 127346 4667 1520 6187 137251 212302 349553 26-36 0-67 91-65 2 Neyyattinkara 6171 1480 7651 5-64 2-04 274 149 423 7539 12380 19919 65-71 3 Nfdiimangad 9604 2189 11793 27-33 6.12 23-88 4-29 843 595 1438 n i i o 19648 30758 26-81 8 0 0 45'23 4 Attingal 5681 1905 7586 42-56 4-21 402 238 640 8081 13338 21419 25-59 7-01 68-15 5 Varkala 5752 1786 7538 546 4-62 20-22 390 936 9743 15792 25535 2217 7-35 28-04' 1-36 63-25 Sub total 126218 35696 161914 6732 2892 9624 173724 273460 447184 25-33 1-95 10-92 2-51 84-62 i District total 549304. 703340 44095 36840 80935 1126086 1 1811837 r - 0 9 8-69 33-36 4-00 53 95 ■S" TABLE 1-6 Workers and Non—workers in Panchayats—1981

Main workers Marginal workers Non-workers Distribution of Main work«;rs

o Panchayat Work Hous<.^ 2 Culti­ Agrl. Other Male Total Male Female Total Male Female Total particip- hold Female vators labourers workers x7l tion rate workei'S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

I Athiyannoor 40215 10122 50337 2665 2005 4670 46897 76466 123363 28-22 2883 15375 3827 28252

1 Athiyannoor 4848 1064 5912 212 151 363 5407 9353 14760 28-10 539 2760 547 2066 2 3279 536 3815 435 60 495 4053 7059 11112 24-73 304 1634 47 1830 3 Karakulam 4575 946 5521 266 314 580 6517 9794 16311 24-63 191 716 ' 147 4467 4 Kottukal 6108 1650 7758 453 33? 785 6214 10917 17131 30-21 62B 3081 801 3248 5 Thiruvallom 7225 3227 10452 274 491 765 7765 11565 19330 34-21 329 2516 1331 6276 6 Vengar.oor 5445 1292 6737 649 386 1035 6967 11243 18210 25-92 426 2492 533 3286 7 8735 1407 10142 376 271 647 9974 16535 26509 27-19 466 2176 421 7079 i r Chirayinkil 29484 17932 47416 1818 2103 3921 43864 64540 108404 29.68 2325 1I24I 3582 30268 1 Anjengo 3273 1562 4835 114 ••205 319 4303 6175 10478 30-93 16 63 258 4498 2 Azhoor 4385 3685 8070 237 303 540 6645 8954 15599 33-33 159 1679 4i9 5813 3 Chirayinkil 5166 3538 8704 225 300 525 8246 11412 19658 30-13 298 1286 477 6643 4 3888 2327 6215 405 446 851 6512 9786 16298 26-60 378 1617 631 3589 5 Kce7-huvilom 4658 2406 7064 402 337 739 6831 10935 17766 27 01 351 2770 909 3034 6 M udakkal 5487 2185 7672 378 432 810 6707 10956 17663 29-34 1081 3551 655 2385 7 Vakkom 2627 2229 4856 57 80 137 4620 6322 10942 30-47 42 275 233 4306 I I I K azhakuttom 38624 14009 52633 3177 2382 5559 50779 80132 130911 27.83 3073 13115 2579 33866 1 Andoorkonara 4348 1813 6161 124 94 218 5380 8225 13605 30-82 421 1547 3^9 3864 Attipra 6107 2379 8486 131 176 307 7414 11482 18896 30-64 226 1552 537 6171 3 Kadinamkulam 6734 3640 10374 245 340 585 9143 13545 22688 30-83 34 732 444 9164 4 K' zhakuttoni 4868 974 5842 '34 389 1123 7088 10842 17930 23-46 449 1709 70 3614 5 MangaJapuram 5021 2743 7764 543 498 104] 7589 11313 18902 28-02 397 2205 807 4355 6 Potheiicode 4375 856 5231 396 309 705 5248 9446 14694 25-35 643 2582 195 1811 7 Sreekariam 7171 1604 8775 1004 576 1580 8917 15279 24196 25-39 903 2788 197 4887 IV K ilimanoor 31135 9992 41127 4072 5429 9501 43483 70147 113630 25-03 7381 19591 833 13322 1 4407 1528 5935 384 500 884 6150 9894 16044 25-95 850 3062 241 1782 2 K limanoor 3516 1278 4794 219 308 527 4398 7015 11413 28-64 944 2189 32 1629 3 Madavoor 3060 912 3972 479 1040 1519 4141 6177 10318 25-12 719 2003 52 1198 4 Nagaroor 4426 1544 5970 282 473 755 5449 9005 14454 28-18 1003 2906 182 1879 5 4720 1566 6286 968 1220 2188 7992 12592 20584 21-63 1205 2609 119 2353 6 Pallickal 2317 475 2792 414 487 901 3521 5818 9339 21-42 835 1161 42 754 7 Pazhayakunnummcl .. 4258 1272 5530 673 765 1438 5418 9101 14519 25-73 933 2472 84 2041 8 PuUmath 4431 1417 5848 653 636 1289 6414 10545 16959 24-26 892 3189 81 1686 TABLEI'6—(cow/.)

Main workers Marginal workers Non workers Distriblllion of Main workers

House Panchayat Work Cultiv­ A ^ l. Other Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Partici- hold Male Female ators labourers workers tion rate workers I 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

V N edUmangad 26710 5221 31931 3082 1980 5062 31678 55359 87037 25-74 3843 15340 702 12046

1 Anad 5571 1330 6901 272 251 523 5939 10501 16440 28-91 776 3057 269 2799 2 Aruvikkara 4927 913 5840 910 337 1247 5904 10654 <6558 24-69 768 2814 211 2047 3 Karakulam 7123 1107 8230 632 349 981 8571 15063 23634 25-05 730 3678 121 3701 4 Panavur 3391 713 4104 513 655 1168 3794 6558 10352 26-26 678 2113 28 1285 5 Velhpayam 5698 1158 6856 755 388 1143 7470 12583 20053 24-44 891 3678 73 2214

V I Nemom 47902 9452 57354 3342 2216 5558 54486 94209 148695 27-10 4174 24049 3471 25660

1 Balaramapuram 64-67 1833 8300 285 582 867 6713 11037 17750 30-83 456 2549 1694 3601 2 KaUiyoor 5953 1294 7247 524 253 777 6973 11926 18899 26-91 471 2775 378 3623 3 Maranalloor 6334 1078 7412 650 336 986 6891 12501 19392 26-67 779 4283 181 2169 533 201 734 2126 Ml 4 M arukil 5369 726 6095 6111 11206 17317 25-24 920 2851 198 o 5 Neffioni 6884 1231 8115 476 189 665 9180 15328 24508 24-37 169 1194 112 6640 6 Pallichal 7403 1805 9208 152 128 280 8083 13559 21642 29-57 436 4032 734 4006 924 6300 419 299 718 5649 10313 3917 76 1698 7 Vilappil1 r 5376 15962 27-41 609 8 4116 561 4677 303 228 531 4886 8339 13225 25-37 334 2448 98 1797

V ll PATIASSALA 35367 7578 42945 2535 2334 4869 39441 67020 106461 27-75 4644 19026 2059 17216

1 Chenkal 6373 1197 7570 797 446 1243 7543 12682 20225 26-06 826 3828 318 2598 2 Karodc 5769 1537 7306 422 329 751 5872 10172 16044 30-31 996 3535 837 1938 3 Kulathoor 6516 1227 7743 225 567 792 6714 11567 18281 28-87 645 3156 191 3751 4 Pafassala 8997 1722 10719 737 641 1378 10666 18104 28770 26-22 1201 4753 470 4295 5 Poovar 4064 1258 5322 204 212 416 4631 7655 12286 29-52 465 1694 152 3011 6 Thirupuram 3648 637 4285 150 139 289 4015 6840 10855 27-77 511 2060 91 1623 V III Perumkadavila . 45702 9232 54934 4175 3113 7288 44735 82567 127302 28-98 8608 31258 1697 13371 1 Ariyamoode 4545 817 5362 470 235 705 4498 8408 12906 28-26 876 3383 144 959 2 Amboori 3526 782 4308 428 609 1037 3863 6689 10552 27-09 1072 2515 85 636 3 Kallikkad 2527 524 3051 380 151 531 2526 4870 7396 27-79 388 1675 108 880 4 Kollayil 4515 1004 5519 245 87 332 4694 8579 13273 28-85 644 2799 434 1642 5 Kunnathukal 7878 1922 9800 501 484 985 6703 12767 19470 32-39 1630 5417 268 2485 6 Ottasekharairangalam.. 3179 631 3810 989 450 1439 3538 G675 10213 24-64 699 1973 145 993 7 Perumkadavila 4528 507 5035 600 286 886 4124 8450 12574 27-22 700 3147 77 i n i 8 Perumpazhafhur 6928 1470 8398 464 424 888 7348 12971 20319 28-36 1068 4252 332 2746 9 8076 1575 9651 98 387 485 7441 13158 20599 31-40 1531 0097 104 1919 1 1 IX T r iv a n d r u m 23541 5863 29404 ' 1400 746 2146 30326 48562 78688 26-67 866 5088 469 i 22981 R u r a l Chettivilakom 5591 1 1576 7167 i 263 120 383 7627 11941 19568 26-42 124 1023 103 5917 Kadakompally 4364 : 1002 5366 j 236 170 406 5613 9209 14822 26-05 33 534 86 4713 UUoor 8327 2187 10514 601 341 942 10559 16262 26821 27-46 233 2095 148 8038 Vattiyurkavu 5259 1098 6357 300 115 415 6527 10950 17477 26-21 476 1436 132 4313

X V a m a n a pu r a m 39606 10916 50522 5059 6129 11188 44280 74801 119081 27-94 8977 25712 1229 14604

K allara 4907 1144 6051 306 619 925 5358 9155 H513 28-15 1475 3101 94 1381 Manickal 6226 1554 7780 921 826 1747 6737 11790 18527 27-73 1321 3961 160 Nanniyode 4977 967 5944 866 1033 1899 5513 9753 15266 25-72 1009 3112 85 1738 .; 4164 1143 5307 2W 419 659 4783 7980 12763 28*33 956 2834 88 1429 5000 1457 6457 1105 1384 2489 5641 9443 15084 26-87 1294 3677 181 1305 Peringammala 6436 2455 8891 481 836 1317 6791 10543 17334 32-28 1236 4108 161 3380 3997 828 4828 707 621 1328 4929 8337 13266 24-86 889 2327 189 1420 Vamanapuram 3899 1368 5267 433 391 824 4528 7800 12328 28-59 797 2592 271 1607

X I V a r k a l a 22032 8753 30785 2614 3303 5917 36391 57388 93779 23-59 3697 10123 1251 15714

Ghemmaruthy 3841 1493 5334 551 751 1302 6470 10012 16482 23-07 795 2517 144 1878 Cheruniyoor 2655 1695 4350 232 161 423 4106 6204 10310 28-84 365 1554 278 2153 Edava 4019 1044 5063 346 265 611 7214 11951 19165 20-38 739 1060 270 2994 Elakamon 3252 1131 4383 369 562 951 5328 8560 13888 22-80 724 1442 105 2 li2 Majiamboor 3265 1452 4717 250 340 590 491/ 7656 12573 26-38 457 2044 200 2016 O ttur 1926 831 2757 382 422 804 3241 5181 8422 23-00 349 929 74 1405 3074 1107 4181 484 752 1236 5115 7824 12939 22-77 268 577 180 3156

X II V e l l a n a d 42768 9270 52038 3424 2208 5632 45667 81635 127302 28-13 7506 27071 2342 19119

1 Aryanad 5463 1284 6747 378 423 801 5862 10315 16177 28-43 1226 3739 370 1412 2 K attakada 6275 907 7382 838 293 1131 7353 13102 20455 24-96 926 3570 277 2409 3 ' Kuttichal 3599 782 4381 249 183 432 3659 6762 10421 28-75 1741 2478 238 924 4 Poovachal 7901 1600 9501 581 257 838 8133 14800 22933 28-55 1184 5344 378 2595 5 5915 1073 6088 234 373 6t)7 5458 9630 15088 27-94 985 3354 146 1603 6 Uzhamalakkal 3923 565 4488 273 201 474 4400 7893 12293 26-00 659 2524 172 1133 7 Vellanad 5141 1258 6399 440 197 637 5481 9844 15325 28-61 815 2896 546 2142 8 5451 1801 7252 431 281 712 5321 9289 14610 32-12 970 3166 215 2^01 12

TABLE 1-7 Workers and non-workers in Panchayats (Scheduled Castes)—1981

1 1 £ o 2 ; i Distribution of main workers ' V U3 1 . J ! ■3 ^ C/J 00 Name of Block/ o a.® V3 U 1 >“• 2 i o d O •S Panchayat i 0 ' bO . s § Q. E. - S 0 a 1 S' 0 5 5 0 i O h 1 J ! i l K 3 1 0 ^ Z

1 ; 3 4 j 5 6 7 ' 8 9 10 11 12 • 13 2 i

I. Athiyannur 4345 21669 64*5 7408 34-2 148 4341 246 2673 545. 13716:

1 Athiyannur 600 2839 . 68-8 980 34-5 19 749 31 181 59 1800 2 Kanjiramku 1 am 283 1187 50-7 348 29-3 4 203 16 125 38 801 3 Karakuiam 232 1229 73-1 341 27-7 14 224 2 101 3 885 4 Kottukal 596 2905 65-3 1114 38-3 22 671 105 316 56 1735 5 Thiruvallam 1157 5858 61-3 2404 41-0 29 1160 53 1162 94 3360 6 Vengannur 837 4206 65-6 1182 28-1 15 817 14 336 221 2803 7 Vizhinjam 640 3445 66-0 1089 30-2 45 517 25 452 74 2332

II. C hirayinkil 4473 25125 53-8 9450 37-6 159 4691 311 4289 1147 14528 ■ 1 Anjengo 170 937 60-8 363 38-7 17 20 326 41 533 2 Azhoor 853 4524 46-9 1886 41-7 24 630 42 1190 171 2467 3 Chirayinkil 699 4141 53-1 1577 38-1 50 456 80 991 219 2345 4 Kadakkavoor 689 3951 57-5 1324 33-5 40 632 57 595 321 2306 5 Kizhuvilam 842 4879 57-4 1780 36-5 12 1329 54 385 142 2957 6 Mudakkat 977 5202 51-0 1916 36-8 32 1593 38 253 226 3060 7 Vakkom 243 1491 59-9 604 40-5 1 34 20 549 27 860

III. K azhakuttam .. 4617 23394 60.0 9136 38-2 79 3757 345 4955 1095 13663

1 632 3691 55-0 1718 46-5 9 446 102 1161 54 1919 2 Attipra 690 3421 68-8 1256 36-7 19 480 29 728 108 2057 3 Kadinamkulam 653 3264 47-7 1556 47-7 267 99 1190 69 1639 4 Kazhakuttam 509 2736 64-8 873 31-9 2 480 8 383 226 1637 5 Mangalapuram 899 4908 56-5 1874 38-2 7 815 84 968 194 2840' 6 Pothencode 434 2162 67.1 706 32-7 33 522 9 142 67 1389 7 Sreekariyara 800 3712 64-5 1153 3 M 9 747 14 383 377 2182

IV. K ilimannoor 5128 26104 49-6 9782 37-5 314 8264 39 1165 2079 142431

1 Karavaram 589 3197 54-2 1178 36-8 41 984 6 147 301 1718 2 Kilimannoor 596 2954 50-7 1312 44-4 95 1111 106 56 1586 3 Madavoor 410 2168 41-6 838 38-7 2 763 8 65 213 1U7 4 Nagaroor 716 3560 49-8 1545 43-4 27 1343 7 168 113 1902 5 Navaikulam 840 4566 44-1 1508 33-0 33 1183 5 287 602 2456 6 Pallickal 302 1563 47-7 562 36-0 36 479 2 45 124 877 7 875 4117 54-2 1450 35-2 16 1210 10 214 435 2232 8 Pulimath 800 3979 51-4 1389 34-9 64 1191 I 133 235 2355

, V. Nedumangad .. 1979 9767 55-2 3546 36-3 35 2669 56 786 603 5618

1 Anad 394 1843 57-1 787 42-7 9 56v 22 191 48 1006 2 Aruvikara 267 : 1333 63-1 417 31-3 9 251 23 134 100 816 3 Karakuiam .^65 2880 56-8 961 33-4 8 655 10 288 152 1767 4 . Panavoor 359 ! 1721 50-6 659 38-3 4 577 1 77 172 890 5 Vembayam 394 1990 5 0 0 720 36-2 5 619 96 131 1139

V I. Nemom 4997 24502 65-4 8263 33-7 166 5830 93 2174 912 153271

1 Balaramapuram 584 2952 65-7 1080 36-6 31 728 32 289 160 17121 2 Kalliyoor 828 4082 ■ 67-0 • 1228 30-1 31 839 6 352 193 2661 3 Maranalloor 912 4339 64-3 1468 33-8 16 1233 15 204 252 2619-1 4 M arukil 431 2170 64-0 667 30-7 53 471 9 134 94 1409 5 Nemom 656 3105 66-9 996 i 32-1 3 377 2 614 53 2056 6 Pallicha! 953 4664 66-1 1704 36-5 8 1282 26 1 388 71 2889 7 Vilappil 338 1692 62.3 662 39-1 ! 17 536 2 , 107 37 993 8 Vilavoorkkal 295 1498 64-4 458 30-6 ' 7 364 1 i 86 52 988 i 13

TABLE No. \7-^[cont.)

^ I 00 d j Distribution (>f main v (/■orkers u "o .9 Name of Block/ ■M 2 O «j a S' o a-2 , *2 ■ 5 1 t - .s o Panchayat S3 3 - cu - 5 S’§ ^ o o B g ^ O V, •S 1 « > is cu 0 . <3,2 o ^ 'Z 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 i ^ 1 1

VII- Parassala .. 2806 13669 66-8 4470 32*7 122 3177 200 971 662 8537

1 Chenkal 609 2904 63-7 862 29-7 10 628 39 185 223 1819 2 Karode 427 2032 66-5 764 37-6 8 612 19 125 81 1187 3 Kulathoor 448 2071 71-2 725 35-0 31 542 18 134 55 1291 4 Parassala 808 4114 68-5 1313 31-9 63 917 57 276 191 2610 5 Poovar 307 1636 68-2 540 33-0 7 326 60 147 63 1033 6 Thirupuram 207 912 57-2 266 29-2 3 152 7 104 49 597

V III- Perumkadavila 3280 15142 64-6 5206 34-4 176 3760 330 940 824 9112

1 Ariyamcode 395 1770 60-6 594 33-6 12 465 46 71 158 1018 2 Amboori 159 799 56-2 272 34-0 12 215 21 24 26 501 3 Kail kkad 112 1 504 63-9 177 35-1 4 118 21 34 56 271 4 Kollayil 468 ' 2194 66-6 743 33-9 32 423 129 159 27 1424 5 K.unnathukal 444 2026 64-8 719 35-5 18 497 38 166 94 1213 6 Ottasekhara- mangalam _ 322 1423 59-4 463 32-5 10 338 35 80 181 779 7 Perumkadavila 271 1262 68-9 403 31-9 10 321 6 66 103 756 8 Perumpazhathur 821 3836 69-0 1330 34-7 64 974 21 271 147 2359 9 Vellarada 288 1328 60-8 505 38-0 14 409 13 69 32 791

IX . T r iv a n d r u m 2792 13627 68-1 4205 30-9 100 1446 32 2627 461 8961 R u r a l 1 Ghettivilakam 555 2723 70-2 843 31*0 n 218 17 597 48 1832 2 Kadakampally 777 3742 65-0 1111 29-7 2 313 3 793 128 2503 3 Ulloor 866 4370 69*4 1357 31-1 6 566 4 781 238 2775 4 Vattiyoorkavu 594 2792 68-4 894 32-0 81 349 8 456 47 1851

X. V am an a pu r am 4966 24795 49-0 9455 38-1 292 7779 157 1227 2171 13169

1 Kallara 518 2634 52-4 1095 41-6 31 994 6 64 116 1423 2 Manickal 711 3715 49-3 1474 39-7 47 1256 2 169 308 1933 3 Nanniyode 566 2691 53-5 780 29-0 42 633 4 101 342 1569 4 Nellanad 489 2643 48-6 1144 43-3 20 1019 17 88 114 1385 5 Pangode .. 829 4031 48-7 1476 36-1 76 1244 57 99 549 2066 6 Periugamala 921 4280 45-7 1869 43-7 Z5 1288 53 513 257 2154 7 Pullampara 610 3143 47-6 961 30-6 54 786 6 115 360 1822 8 Vamanapuram 322 1598 48-2 656 4 M 7 559 12 78 125 817

X I. V a r k a l a 3430 20042 46-9 7108 35-5 132 4499 224 2253 1581 11353

1 Chemmaruthy 924 5137 48-4 1607 31-3 47 1304 44 212 548 2982 2 Cherumiiyoor 573 3556 52-0 1404 39-5 23 678 83 620 177 1975 3 Edava 300 2015 48-5 764 37-9 4 436 50 274 109 1142 4 Elakamon 479 2686 41-9 948 35-3 7 685 3 253 233 1505 5 M anam bur 482 2745 39-6 1118 40-7 9 807 3 299 124 1503 6 O ttur 347 1923 41-5 599 31-1 5 366 3 225 256 1068 7 Vettoor 325 1980 54-2 668 33-7 37 223 38 370 I3 i 1178

X II. V e l l a n a d 2767 13016 59-7 4757 36-5 72 '■ 3540 272 873 573 7686

1 Aryanad 452 2059 48-4 749 36-4 6 622 14 107 95 1215 2 Kattakkada 471 2296 66-7 699 30-4 i6 470 39 174 112 1485 3 Kuttich 179 835 58-3 314 37-6 6 267 9 32 18 503 4 Poovachal 492 2249 69'7 812 36-1 12 594 58 148 135 1302 5 Thol’code 218 1063 59-3 441 41-5 3 356 35 47 609 6 13 CJzhamalaknl 204 1015 59-5 373 36-7 13 298 26 41 18 624 7 Vellanad 202 923 65-4 365 39-5 9 .,212 8 37 107 29 529 VithuTa 549 2576 52-5 1004 39-0 7 726 54 217 153 1419

«S/193--6 TABLE 1*8

Workers and non-workers in Panchayats (Scheduled Tribes)—1981

Ua M ' 1 u 1 a 1 Distribution of main workers V 0 .2 >> 0 i ■3 OS Name of Blocks/ <-• ^ I^ g SA 1 no ^ C 5 £ s 6 .2 iM V V a Z. Panchayats 3 h C M ? 6 § a ^ V * o o P ■2 o a g w u a i l g [£.a 35 , 1 a ^ 1 U ^ 0 ^ , S 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 ^ 1 1

I. Athiyannur .. 28 140 58-6 35 25-0 26 ., 9 2 103

1 Athiyanixur 8 38 52-6 10 26-3 8 2 2a 2 Kanjiramkulam 9 51 60-8 13 25-5 8 5 ‘ i 37 3 4 Kottukal , , * , * , 5 Thiruvallam 6 1 30 56-7 9 30*0 9 2i 7 Vizhinjam 4 21 66*7 3 14-3 1 2 i 17

II. Chirayinkil .. 2 5 60-0 2 4 0 0 2 3

I Anjengo 2 Azhoor 3 Chirayinkil . . 4 Kadakkavoor 5 Keczhuvallam 1 4 75-0 1 25-0 1 *3 6 M udakkal 1 1 I 100-0 1 7 Vakkom

I I I . K azhakuttam .. 26 127 73*2 46 36*2 4 5 37 2 79

1 Andoorkonam 2 Attipra 3 17 70-6 n 64*7 11 *6 3 Kadinamkiilum 1 4 5 0 0 2 5 0 0 2 2 4 Kazhakuttam 14 66 77-3 23 34-8 2 2 19 41 5 Mangalapuram .. * . * , € Pothcncode 2 5 40-0 1 20-0 i 4 7 Sreekariyam 6 35 74-3 9 25-7 2 2 5 26

IV . K ilimannoor . 12 63 79-4 15 23-8 6 3 6 48

1 Karavaram 1 1 100-0 1 2 Kilimannooi' * , • • 3 Madavoor * , • • 4 Nagaroor • ■ 5 Navaikulam • « 6 Pallickal • • 7 Pazhaya- kunnummel 9 46 82-6 10 21-7 4 2 .. 4 36 S PuUmath 2 16 75-0 4 25-0 2 2 12 V. Nedumangad .. 121 589 67-4 149 25-3 76 31 42 60 380 1 Anad 70 328 65*5 82 2 5 0 63 10 9 40 206 2 Aruvikkara 14 57 40-4 10 17-5 9 1 10 37 3 Karakulam 1 4 50-0 1 25-0 1 , , 3 4 Panavoor 7 44 77-3 14 31-8 *6 3 5 7 23 5 Vcmpayam 29 156 78-8 42 26-9 7 9 26 3 111 V I. N emom 70 352 70-2 89 25-3 15 35 39 3 260 1 Balaraxnapuram 2 Kaliiyoor 12 49 83-7 12 24-5 1 11 37 3 Maranalloor 26 148 72*3 31 20-9 3 151 13 3 114 4 Marukil * , , , .. 5 Nemom 2 4 75-0 3 75-0 * * 3 ,. i 6 Pallichal 2 6 83-3 1 16-7 1 ,, 5 7 Vilappil 27 137 62*8 42 30-7 12 18 12 ., 95 8 Vilavoorkkal 1 8 62-5 • • • • 8 i * 15

TABIiE 1*8—(conl.)

a Distribution of main workers Vs * ^2 S 1*. Name of Blocks/ >» (O 0 6 u i ha 0 l e Panchayats 3 1 s I 1 u « ?1 a 3 Q. ■S ^ a 2 5 © S P 3 0 t/i (2 ^ y fc. d > 1 * ^ 0 6 s g » 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

■ V H . Parassala .. 8 35 68-6 6 171 I 2 3 1 28

1 Chenkal .. * • 2 Karode , * * , 3 Kulathur 3 11 72-7 4 3 6 ^ 2 *7 4 Parassala 4 18 77-8 2 111 *i 1 16 5 Poovar 1 6 33-3 i 5 Thirupuram , * • • V III. PERUM- 57 108 1227 KADAVIXA . . 404 1833 50*9 498 27*2 247 188 6 1 Ariyamcode 7 40 47-5 9 22-5 I 3 5 1 30 2 Amboori 207 904 43-5 249 27*5 179 53 2 15 49 606 3 Kallikkad 109 491 51-3 126 25-7 29 85 12 32 333 4 Kollayil * , * * 5 Kimnathukal 10 54 68-5 16 29*6 2 8 3 3 38 6 Ottasekhara- mangalam 33 175 68-0 41 23-4 17 12 12 23 111 7 Perumkadavila * * 8 Pcrumpazhathoor .. 8 33 66-7 9 27-3 *2 ’5 1 1 24 9 Vellarada 30 136 66-9 48 35-3 17 22 9 3 85 IX . T rivandrum 28 •• 62 R ural 18 92 72-8 30 32-6 2 •• 1 Chettivilakam 1 5 8 0 0 I 2 0 0 1 4 2 Kadakampally 6 35 71*4 15 42-9 15 20 3 UHoor 9 43 76-7 13 30-2 '2 11 30 4 Vatiiyoorkavu 2 9 55-6 IIM •• 1 •• 8 X. Vamanapuram .. 982 4286 61-5' 1501 3 5 0 483 786 50 182 175 2610

1 Kallara 3 12 83-3 2 16-7 1 1 1 9 2 8 37 7 3 0 15 40-5 '2 7 6 1 21 3 Nanniyode .. 300 1383 66-4 408 29-5 91 201 25 91 120 855 4 Nellanad 1 3 66-7 2 66-7 2 , * * , , ^ 1 5 Pangode 174 673 67-3 252 37-4 66 155 24 7 49 372 Peringamala 478 2088 56-3 795 38-1 324 395 76 4 1289 7 Pullampara 18 90 53-3 27 3 0 0 25 , * 2 * . 63 8 Vamanapuram ••

X I. V arkala

1 Chemmaruthy .. 2 • » 3 Edava 4 Elakamon 5 M anamboor , * € 7 Vcttoor

X II. Vellanad .. 1418 5901 53-5 2021 34*2 1215 615 2 189 403 3477

1 Aryanad 306 1231 50-8 531 43-1 466 33 32 134 566 2 11 49 57-1 10 20-4 4 5 1 1 38 3 Kuttichal 112 506 2-8 144 28-5 138 6 . , 3 359 4 Poovachal 56 284 70-4 85 39-9 9 46 1 29 7 192 5 Tholicodc 415 1806 68-5 563 31*2 266 221 I 75 246 997 € Uzhamalad^l H 64 65-6 12 18-8 2 7 3 7 45 7 Vellanad 44 213 72-3 64 3 0 0 4 39 21 4 145 8 Vithura 460 1748 4 9 0 612 35* 0 326 , 258 28 1 1135

SECTION n

agriculture

'63/193— 7

J9

TABLE 2.1 RaiAfall (mm) in selected centre#

Centre

M onth Trivwdrum City Nedumangad Attingal

• Normal Rainfall Normal Rainfall Normal Rainfall Rainfall 1984 Rainfall 1984 Rainfall 1984

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

January 22-9 65-1 27-2 20 0 20*6 7 0 February 20-8 128-2 22-1 14-0 17*5 6 0 M arch 38-6 151 0 65*5 55 0 38*6 5-0 April 105-7 297*0 172-5 66-0 106-4 66-0 M ay , , ' 207 *8 153-7 227-8 29*0 218-9 75-0 June 356-4 205-5 408-7 155-0 421*4 342-2 July 223 0 126 0 277-6 84-0 277«6 178-0 August ., 145-5 21-1 190-5 19-0 189-7 45-0 September 137-9 40*2 181-4 42-0 138*9 36-0 October 273-3 205-1 342-4 88-0 289-8 172-0 November 205*5 71*8 246*6 113*0 177-8 123-0 December 74.7 2-7 78-5 2 0 58*4 3-0

Total 181210 1467-4 2240-80 ^ 687 0 1955-6 1038*2

TABLE 2.2 Number of plots and area under dryland and wetland

Dry land Wet land Total I Name of block No. of Area . ! No. of 1 Area i No. of Area plots (in Hect.) plots 1 (in Hect.) plots (in Hect.) ) 1 2 3 4 6 7 i ^ i «

1 Chirayinkil 41462 8374 19106 1649 60568 10023 2 Kilimanoor 54891 15686 27033 2551 81924 18237 3 Varkala 48800 8838 21833 1377 70633 10235 4 Nedmaangac 42030 U479 13983 1481 56013 12960 5 Vamanapuram 53340 22717 J6721 1997 70061 24714 b Vcllanad 49093 16463 15666 2021 64759 18t84 7 Kazhakuttom 47134 12064 26155 2276 73289 14340 S Nemom 33987 9857 19852 1981 53839 11838 y Trivandrum Rural 15557 3197 7671 720 23228 3917 10 Athiyannoor 39104 10427 15884 1219 54988 11646 n Parassala 32022 7159 158:?0 1153 47842 8312 12 Perumkadavila 58901 26819 21410 1993 80311 25812 20

TABLE 2.3 XiSind utUisation pattern (Area in ha.) uii Area under Area cultivable N et area 1 Name of block non-agricultural but not under uses ■ cultivated cultivation ‘fa

• f • (> 1 .1. iii 2 3 4 5

K 1 Chirayinkil 1364 291 7969 2 Kilimanoor 1286 478 17075 3 Varkala 1389 1;53 8005 4 Nedumangad 917 •430 12517 5 Vamanapuram 1426 642 21274., 6 Vellanad 1372 431 16247 7 Kazhakuttom 1871 1109 11221 • 8 Nemom 976 331 11388 9 Trivandrum Rural 606 314 2872 10 Athiyannoor 1199 202 10037 11 Parassala 876 197 7205 12 Perumkadavila 1677 672 16698

Total 14959 5230 142508

TABLE 2 .4 Area nnder important crops (Area in ha.)

au 'a ir 1 a Name of block ti s u (S V o3 o <0 ■ o . i Xi V a ti XI o cs Cu U e2 1 s

10 11

1 Chirayinkil 2168 5755 I486 136 344 237 403 360 268 2 Kilimannoor 4402 5972 5617 303 1501 798 630 671 1622 3 Varkala 1947 4193 1567 83 410 140 388 467 25 4- Nedumangad 2335 4878 5494 368 669 714 664 687 1965 5 Vamanapuram 3654 5855 5034 78=t 1109 1114 969 735 3620 6 Vcllanad 2693 4903 6129 537 487 618 583 570 4142 7 Kazhakutta^ 3421 7333 2904 99 377 338 539 694 452 8 Nemom 2608 5869 4006 104 193 268 781 796 155 9 Trivandrum Rural 1048 2251 709 35 45 89 201 226 67 10 Athiyannur 1882 9520 3947 55 113 213 777 685 8 11 P a r a ^ la 2251 4532 2408 49 88 120 391 549 12 12 Perumkadavila 3029 5704 6843 637 313 666 778 756 2561

f

Total 31438 66765 46144 3190 5649 5315 7104 7196 14897 TABLE 2.5

Livestock population (1982) <3> Femiale Buffaloe In milk iotai iemale 3VI H Name of block/panchayats ■M > § s 1 1 O h a u T3 CO qj V 15 s? g M) • M CO 3 'C 0 S S ^ T3 3 O S 0 o O t) h O a o o V H Eh c/3 HH HH H f h H 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12

272 2273 27554 133336 L A t h iy a n n u r 3998 693 8580 1687 10267 878 11145 2001

90 324 4171 20501 1 Athiyannur 760 73 1678 231 1929 151 2080 234 3949 21470 2 K.anjiramkulam 625 86 1433 186 1619 168 1787 136 3 139 8078 3 Karumkulam 178 96 419 226 645 61 706 22 I 23 2090 4129 23517 4 Kottukal 675 98 . 1265 223 1488 137 1625 385 44 429 29 544 3889 18644 5 Thiruvallam 377 166 973 462 . 1435 141 1576 515 626 4041 19452 6 Vengannur 870 64 1570 107 1677 103 1780 543 83 ho 5285 21674 7 Vizmnjam 513 110 1222 252 1474 117 1591 166 22 188

34S 25493 70658 II. CraRAYINKIL 2245 1516 5606 3867 9473 1568 11041 934 1282

2 20 915 5410 1 Anjengo 98 45 216 98 314 34 348 18 3994 10602 2 Azhur 365 244 858 548 1406 181 1587 159 33 192 1214 123 49 172 2914 11031 3 . Ghirayinkii 294 81 745 306 1051 163 4 Kadal^avoor ,. 256 322 587 678 1265 190 1455 50 34 84 3003 10669 98 515 5039 10161 5 iCizhuvilam 180 209 1168 452 1620 333 1953 417 280 7472 11801 6 M adakal 436 587 1298 1629 2927 566 3493 149 131 2156 10984 7 Vakkam 316 28 734 156 890 101 991 18 1 19

500 1761 30046 97523 III. K a z h a k u t // 4120 1419 9958 4042 14000 2495 16495 1261

J977 1 Andoorkonam 607 20 1384 152 1536 290 1826 205 65 270 11672 9491 2 Attipra 399 994 538 1532 228 1760 150 56 206 2722 242 2137 12976 3 Kadinamkulain 370 132 1028 359 1387 159 1546 98 17 115 12756 4 Kazhakkuttain 749 204 1742 581 2323 530 2853 164 97 261 4742 5304 13479 5 Manga lapuram 386 339 1147 1084 2231 359 2590 198 64 262 15091 6 Pothen/’.ode 649 263 1456 696 2152 431 2583 154 85 239 5432 7 Sreekatiyam 960 219 2207 632 2839 498 3337 292 116 408 5732 22058 TABLE 2-5—(cOTii.)

Female Buffaloe In milk Total ftmale u •Mo Name of block/panchayats > 9. d u S. c -O’ u •o a: COc/v i2j ; , • &£- Of "S' u ■(3 .3 •d 3 S' 3 - •3' 2 _o fe c o c o o u 5 - e2 s e2 h 10 11 12 13 14

18588 4919 IV . K ilimannoor 3032 3311 8450 10138 23507 229 847 1066 45224 85094

Raravaram 316 50ff 963 1567 2530 749 3279 78 201 279 6575 11785 KiUmannoor 429 273 1194 8 IB' 200f 437 2446 4 78 82 4650 6464 Madavoor 194 311 539 1200 1739 444 2183 3 60 63 3996 8534 N a g aro G ft 561 437 1.404 1428 2832 874 3706 21 146 167 6408 11650 Navaikulam 508 718 1363 \'97S 3338 1014 4352 27 112 129 8037 18424 Pallickal 220 324 698 U63 1861 529 2390 17 51 68 3941 7772 410 295* 1078 772 1850 352 2202 27 81 108 5318 11385 fO Piizhay akun nu m mii N? Pulimath 394- 447 12MI 1218 2429 520 2949 52 118 170 6299 9080

3720 9690 1349 11039 1666 517 24793 83284' V. N ed u m angad u 2629 1508 5970 2183

An ad 378 227 920 611 1531 195 1726 168 99 267 3983 14978 Aruvikkara 479 394 1027 835 1862 268 2130 455 127 582 5606 17760 Karakulam 762 379 1715- 813 2528 343 2871 535 147 682 5959 25177 Panavoor 352 199 829 489 1318 249 1567 112 57 169 J314 8888 Vempayam 658 389 1479 972 2451 294 2745 396 87 483 5931 16 81

12544 1453 3750 158259 V I. N emom 4300 1491 9235 3309 13S97 891 4641 34054

Balaramapuram 628 195 1113 389 1502 99 1601 235 79 314 3500 14973 Kalliyur 663 115 1366 306 1672 207 1879 810 164 974 4948 25101 M aranallur 1035 114 2247 192 2439 202 2641 448 131 579 6034 24311 M anikil 513 219 1028 436 1464 208 1672 608 99 707 4482 19724 Nemom 352 218 876 550 1426 193 1619 369 70 439 3453 18222 Pallichal 515 276 12»7 682' 1969 263 2232 495 181 676 5046 25878 V ilappil 384 199 796 460 1236 166 1422 371 97 468 4092 16576 Vilavoorkkal 210 155 522 294 816 115 931 414 70 484 2499 13404 V II. P a UA.‘5SA1./. 020 7K>9 2 105 9634. 1004 10638 20^1-5 791 2836 24266 117343

1 GhenJcal 337. 181, 1582. 482. 2064- 182 2246 581 236 817 5638 24356 2 Karoodc 466 218 1214: 430 1644 153 1797 263 141 404 3750 18298 3 K uiaihur 497 108 1151. 315 1466 179 1645 436 151 587 4390 19573 4 Parassala 70X 329 1555l 734. 2309 315 2624 306 207 513 5793 24882 5 Poovar 352 59 776 142 921' 117 1038 164 27 191 1639 12842 6 Thirupuram 523 25 1188 42 1230 58 1288 295 29 324 3056 17392

V III. P erumkadavila 3715 2331 7498 5346 13144 1713 14857 3649 1443 5092 35283 132255

1. Ariyamoode 365 193 782 420 1202 177. 1379 418 228 646 3518 15825 Z Amburi 385 232 772 688 1460 197, 1657 249 71. 320 3707 11138 3 Kallikkad 233 205 440 387 827 81 908 200 68 268 2230 8087 4 fCollayil 313 291 676 536 1272 168 1440 308 251 559 3363 12576 5 tCunaathukal 613 343 1234 905 2139 276 2415 580 276 856 5729 20477 6 Ottasekharamangalam 356 170 766 340 1106 205 2311 414 112 526 3318 I0U 8 Perumkadavila 7 461 303 831 532 1363 67 1430 402 96 498 3425 14088 8 Perumpaziiuthur 629 22fl 1396 5^2 1988 306 2294 635 178 813 5448 20833 9 Vellarada 360 366 90 i 886 1787 236 2023 443 163 606 4545 19113 Nsr

IX . T r iv a n d r u m R u r a l . . 1750 896 3591 2028 5619 951 6570 601 191 792 10711 74206

1 Chettivilakoin 461 222 1038 505 1543 280 1823 119 27 146 2638 33731 iCadakampally 2 152 186 285 455 740 114 854 130 21 151 1479’ 9602 "3 Ulloor 704 283 1386 673 2059 341 2400 206 100 306 3682 18091 4 Valtiyoorkavu 433 205 882 395 1277 216 1493 146 43 189 2912 12782 TABLE 2 '5 — {cont.)

F e m a le B uffalo e r 1 r I o ta i le m a i n m uK V o S' u £ Name of block/panchayats d _> o 73 h u a C £ J i D t/> ej •MSj (A c3

571 1250 1821 48546 84294 X. V a m a n a pu r am 3908 3427 10234 8556 18790 3809 22599

7194 7965 1 Kallara * ^ 317 459 927 1307 2234 468 2702 32 109 141 6838 15634 Manikkal i • 707 626 1423 1428 2851 370 3221 141 149 290 2 5125 12282 3 Nanniyode 697 215 1925 500 2425 353 2778 89 124 213 4560 7981 4 Nellanad 368 312 814 826 1640 455 2095 62 179 241 467 427 1373 957 2330 704 3034 76 130 206 6906 11184 5 Pangodc 14477 6 Peringamala 630 667 1751 1792 3543 849 4392 42 151 193 8021 5009 8978 7 Pullampara 474 276 1283 533 1816 332 2148 67 214 28J 4893 5793 8 Vamanapuram 248 445 738 1213 1951 278 2229 62 194 256 1n3

13271 15960 298 149 447 32812 67311 X I. V a r k a l a 2341 2772 5626 7645 2689

6748 12898 1 Chemmaruthy 527 568 1272 1618 2890 634 3524 20 6 26 249 244 535 691 1226 200 1426 6 12 18 3277 8151 2 Cherunniyoor 9542 3 Edava 415 362 889 871 1760 363 2123 15 14 29 5340 5534 8317 4 Elakamon 451 459 1161 1228 2389 605 2994 19 13 32 4544 9172 5 M anamboor 220 427 559 1246 1805 486 2291 79 95 174 33 2824 7219 6 O ttur 198 262 531 855 1386 286 1672 24 9 12012 7 Vettur 281 450 679 U36 1815 115 1930 135 135 4545

2592 997 3589 35927 131212 X II. V e l l a n a d 3164 2399 7639 5677 13316 2236 15552

4409 16997 1 Aryanad 271 208 702 638 1340 268 1608 265 76 341 5705 26163 2 Kattakada 734 369 1514 719 2233 328 2561 594 195 789 127 266 299 549 848 195 1043 185 88 273 2816 10670 3 Kuttichal 26495 4 Poovachal 772 290 1703 697 2400 267 2667 536 195 731 6147 216 220 643 566 1209 196 1405 116 81 197 3528 10057 5 Tholicode 3634 9667 6 261 265 701 551 1252 282 1534 287 97 384 441 308 1135 649 1784 279 2063 491 170 661 4549 17597 7 Vellanad 13566 8 Vithura 342 473 942 1308 2250 421 2671 118 95 213 5139 SECTION m

EDUCATION

68/193 ->9

27

TABLE 3.1 School for general education (1983-84)

L.P.S. U.P.S. High schools » (h 1 4-> -4-> w Name of block/ G a 1 c s municipality V i 1 V S3 i 1 a 'T3 G -0 V V V V hc C) 1 ua 'a Vh •o 73. V _> ,> 1 1 *3 *3 *cV § c o 1 ’u C e 0 IZ) C 1 H c 0L4 p , ^ i ^ ■ i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 B l o c k :

1 Chirayinkil 17 8 25 10 7 17 6 5 11 2 Kilimanoor . ^ 27 11 38 4 18 22 8 7 15 3 Varkala 16 15 31 12 8 :o 6 2 8 4 Nedumangad 29 7 36 12 6 10 4 2 6 5 Vamanapurara 35 9 44 16 9 26 7 6 13 6 Vellanad 37 15 2 54 8 9 17 10 2 12 7 Kazhakuttom 31 4 2 37 9 5 14 5 9 1 15 8 Nemom 7 14 1 22 5 4 9 5 7 1 13 9 Trivandrum Rural.. 8 2 10 4 2 6 4 4 8 10 Athiyannur 12 18 30 4 8 12 3 8 J] 11 Parassala 18 24 42 1 8 9 7 7 14 12 Perumkadavila 9 15 24 7 8 15 9 9 18

Sub total 246 142 5 393 92 92 1 185 74 68 2 144

M unigipauties:

1 Trivandrum Cor­ poration 32 8 5 45 ' 18' 10 1 29 22 1‘4 6 42 2 Neyyattinkara Municipality. . 3 4 7 I 1 4 2 1 7 3 Nedumangad ,, .. 4 1 • i 6 3 3 5 5 4 Attingal „ . 3 I 4 1 I I 3 4 4 5 Varkala ,, .. 6 1 7 1 2 3 I 1

Sub total 48 15 6 69 23 14 2 39 36 16 7 59

District total .. 294 157 11 462 115 106 3 224 110 8+ 9 203

■ 28

TABLE 3.2 Students in school education 1983-44 Private schools SL Na.ne o f blockj {government t ------^ ------JVb, inunicipality school Aided Unaided Total ) (2) 0 (3) w (5) (6) B l o c k : 1. Chirayinkil 21221 11053 11053 2. Kilimanoor 23518 14468 14468 3. Varkala 15701 10270 10270 4. Nedumangad 23458 4999 4999 5. Vamanapuram 24653 7389 7389 6. Vellanad 27381 10490 176 10666 7. Kazhakuttam 32862 14533 175 14708 S. Nemom 22478 22454 2128 24582 9. Trivandrum Rural 5168 2893 .266 3159 10. Athiyannur 6400 11800 11800 11. Parassala 10735 20610 20610 12. Perumkadavila 14696 17228 350 17578 Sub total 228271 148187 3095 151282

MuNiGiPALrnES: 1. Trivandrum Corporation 51359 27134 7319 34453 2. Neyyattinkara Municipality 5736 2191 2191 3. Nedumangad ,, 8427 • • 225 225 4. Attingal „ 8050 482 236 718 5. Varkala „ 5317 1972 681 2653 Sub total 78889 31779 8461 40240 District total 307160 179966 11556 191522 29

TABLE 3.3 Scheduled Caste/Sclie

Government Private schools schools Total u Name of block/ ^ Aided Unaided 1 municipalHy C S.C. S.T. S.C. S.T. S S.C. S.T.S.C. S.T. 1 3 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

.: B l o c k : Y 1 Chirayinkil 3696 2 1931 6 1931 6 2 Kilimanoor 3893 9 2268 5 2 2 ^ 5 3 Varkala 3914 5 1872 1872 4 Nedumangad 2561 45 865 " l 865 7 5 Vamanapuram 4212 356 2094 686 NA NA 2094 ' 686 6 Vfcllanad 3094 946 1542 184 4 1546 184 7 Kazhakuttam 4094 25 2102 30 3 NA. 2105 " 30 8 Nemom 3057 21 1798 25 22 1820 25 9 Trivandrum Rural 2045 22 564 116 10 574 116 10 Athiyarmur 1843 14 3362 39 148 •'t 3510 39 i l Parassala 2237 8 1800 118 1800 118 12 Perumkadavila 3174 124 2504 72 2504 72

Sub total 37820 1577 22702 1288 J87 NA' 22889 1288 ii. il / /. MUNiaPALTTIES:

1 TVivandrum Corporation 7484 41 2695 9 217 5 2912 14 2 Neyyattinkara Municipality .. 480 15 255 29 40 2 295 31 3 Nedumangad 455 2 3 3 4 Attingal 1041 182 94 . di-* 94 5 Varkala „ 979 100 100 V r k U:

Sub total 10439 240 3144 38 260 7 3404 45

District total 48259 1817 25846 1326 447 7 26293 1333

68/193— 10 30

TABLE 3.4 Social and cnltiiral institadims 1983-84 Cinema theatros _____ - SI. Marne of block( Librar­ Heading JVo. Seating JVo. Municipality ies rooms capacity (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

B l o c k : 1. Ghirayinkil 17 39 12 6439 2. Kilimanoor 30 30 9 4487 3. Varkala 36 36 4 1765 4. Nedumangad 18 35 8 3086 5. Vamanapuram 27 29 6 3017 6. Vellanad 21 14 9 4360 7. Kazhakuttam 34 34 12 7180 8. Ncmom 25 56 10 4321 9. Trivandrum Rural 24 12 2 785 10. Athiyannoor 50 60 14 5640 11. Parassala 9 1 8 NA 12. Perumkadavila 3 2 12 5376

Sub Total 294 348 106 46456

MtJNiciPALrnEs: 1. Trivandnim Corporation 48 48 24 20569 2. Neyyattinkara Municipality 4 4 3 2170 'm j/ 3. Nedumangad ,, 4 10 4 2520 4. Attingal f ,, 6 2 3 :j u -.: 1999 5. Varkala „ 5 7 4 £f. ;! ijj 2985

Sub total 67 171 38 3024S ! District total 361 419 144 76699 SECTION IV

MISCELLANEOUS

33

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g C^3 CO Tf m S. CO p a j ^ i d o i t>. cn 0 CO CO Tt-07 *n <0 to — to ^ i-o 1 r^ ■ ^CsOCO— COCUCOCO'-^'O—■ 1 CO CO CM — i (£ 1 -Blip pti« p io -^CM—^CM — — CMCOCMCMCO tO lO , CO cm S? I j i •«icoco-H»ooMnoin 1 o o o ^ o 1 co CO sjt)H C0O^Ck'^.-Hlf5l0 1 0 « ! O O ^ iO — CM <0 CO CO <0 co CM Tf cc irt c^i'sr i 0 , c>i •-i« ' <0 ^ CO52

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Jd q u in u TgiJSg . c>ico^io- CSI CO Tf* 68/193—II 34

TABLE 4-2 Industrial nnits aa4 baidcs 19t3~B4 SI. No. Kame o f Blockj Large and S.S.I. JVa, of Municipality Medium B

Sub Total 5 1520 235

M unicipalities 1 Trivandrum Corporation 8 1345 94 2 Neyyattinkara Municipality NA NA 13 3 Nedumangad ,, NA NA 10 4 Attingal „ NA NA 1C 5 Varkala ,, NA NA 12 Sub Total 8 1345 139 District Total 13 2865 $74 TABLE 4-3 Out migration for employment (1960)

Migration outside the country Total out Migration to d Name of Block/Municipality migration o^CT State in Gulf countries Other 03 coim tries Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

B lo ck 1 Chirayinkil 6790 1338 5272 ISO 5452 2 Varkala 7794 1202 5836 756 6592 3 Kilimanoor 4469 1313 3050 106 3156 Veilanad 863 640 195 28 323 i) Nedumangad 791 476 306 9 315 t> Vamanapuram 1718 725 972 21 993 7 Trivandrum R ural 812 464 304 44 348 8 : Kazhakuttom 3554 822 2621 111 2732 y Nemom 1141 937 179 25 204 10 Attiyannoor 909 550 345 14 359 11 Perumkadavila 851 707 1:^9 15 144 i2 Parassala 992 783 193 16 209

Sub Total 30684 9957 19402 1325 20727

M unicipalities

1 Trivandrum Corporation 2594 1377 949 268 1217 2 Attingal Municipalities 888 204 64Q 36 684 3 Nedumangad „ 233 142 88 3 91 4 Neyyattinkara ,, 168 118 38 12 50 Sub Total 3883 18413 1723 319 2042

District Total 34567 11798 21125 1644 22769 c . 35

TABLE 4-4

M edici Institutions 19S3-84 ft Allopathy : S i . .Vo. jVtOTitf tfBlockj ______Ho'.noeo Municipality Hospital Dispensary Primary Health Dispensary Dispensary Centre and and and Sub Centre Hespital Hospital

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

B l o c k 1 Athiyannoor 4 2 2 ChirayiHkil 1 2 3 Kazhakuttom 5 2 4 Kilimanoor 7 5 Nedumangad 3 1 6 N e m D m 3 2 7 Parassala 3 2 8 Pcrumkadavila 5 2 9 Trivandrum Rural 2 10 Vamanapuram 4 2 11 Varkala 5 1 12 Vellanad 8 2 Sub Total 50 49

MUNICaPAUTIES 1 Trivandrum Corporation 3 2 I'feyyattinkarajMunicipality 1 3 Nedumangad ,, 11 4 Attingal ,, 3 .5 Varkala ,, 2

Sub Total 20 11 20

District Total 26 61 26 69 27 36

TABLE 4-5

Infi^astractore facilities

V Drinking V Roads km. Markets Communication ■Ms- 1 water M \ 1 I u Cm Panchayats c • d 99 Name of Block/ o 1 1 f o o Z c« to Municipality a ? u T3 1 <« c: £ n^ t)to 4-» k •*> Q V u V (h O u 'rt -53 CU 0 bDcS o.t3 *C E-S, 3 1 ' «5 i i S u 55 s V 0 1 o £ & H Oh ¥Ph 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 , 12 13 14 ✓ Block 1 Chirayinkil 4148 66 3 181 259 15 93 254 213 157 2 -Kilimanoor 350C li8 1 92 958 16 4 30 141 107 106 3 Varkala 3521 NA 23 75 333 8 4 15 I 45' NA NA 4 Nedumangad 2896 96 50 636 7 3 13 5 69 76 159 5 Vamanapuram 2621 7 143 1468 11 76 11 256 125 177 6 Vellanad 2035 138 6 171 345 12 6 3R 3 215 255 143 7 Kazhakuttom 4402 143 69 332 257 13 3 18 5 145 201 262 a Nemom 4190 98 360 336 318 6 15 17 4 147 122^ 23? 9 Trivandrum R ural 3192 42 49 34 52 3 2 1 NA NA NA 10 Athiyannur 1480 , , 65 50 1 20 ?4 80 31 48 11 Parassala 1635 121 121 146 52 5 7 18 2 158 l70 140 12 Perumkadavila 31^1 160 151 626 ; 13 7 33 199 159 303 [ 1 Sub Total 36741 822 799 1776 5354 ! 110 71 320 32 1709 1459 1727

M unicipalities 1 Trivandrum Corporation 21200 275 220 30 70 22 53 21 16148 ■■ 291 2 Neyyattinkara Municipality .. 773- 18 27 44 4 4 1 250 267 7 3 Nedumangad 786 28 2 2 m 1 I... 8 1- 191 186 40 4 Attingal ,*> I67€ 24 22 17 34 5 6 3 296 63 5 Varkala * 1698 NA 9 9 54 ; 1 4 I 399 32

Sub Total 26113 345 280 58 313 35 1 75 27 17284 839 47

District Total 62854 1167 1079 1834 5667 ^ 145 72 395 59 18993 2298 1774

NIEPA DC

D03355

Sub. National Systems Unit, National Institute of Education4 Planning onH Amit-.istration 17-E iA>,; bii DOC. N...... •• D ate