DEPARTMENT of EDUCATION FACULTY of EDUCATION the Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Analysis of Quality Management Practices at Secondary Level and Developing A Quality Management Model for Secondary Schools HAFIZ AMANULLAH Reg. No.84/IU.Ph.D/09 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FACULTY OF EDUCATION The Islamia University of Bahawalpur PAKISTAN Analysis of Quality Management Practices at Secondary Level and Developing A Quality Management Model for Secondary Schools By HAFIZ AMANULLAH Reg. No.84/IU.Ph.D/09 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FACULTY OF EDUCATION The Islamia University of Bahawalpur PAKISTAN ii iii In the name of ALLAH, the most beneficIent and the most Merciful! The prayer of the believers! Praise be to Allah, The cherished and sustainer of the worlds; Most gracious, most merciful; Thee do worship, And think and we seek, Show us the straightway, The way of those one whom Thou haste bestowed the grace, Those whose (portion) Is not wrath! And who go not astray. (Surah Fatiha) i AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, Hafiz Amanullah, PhD scholar in the Department of Education at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur do solemnly declare that the thesis entitled, “Analysis of Quality Management Practices at Secondary Level and Developing A Quality Management Model for Secondary Schools” submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement of PhD in the subject of Education is my original work. I solemnly declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted for this or any other degree or published earlier and also shall not be submitted in future by me. It shall also not be submitted to obtain any degree to any other university or institution. Hafiz Amanullah ii FORWARDING CERTIFICATE The research dissertation entitled, “Analysis of Quality Management Practices at Secondary Level and Developing A Quality Management Model for Secondary Schools” has been conducted by Hafiz Amanullah under my supervision and the thesis is submitted to Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Education with my permission. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Adeeb iii APPROVAL CERTIFICATE The research thesis entitled, “Analysis of Quality Management Practices at Secondary Level and Developing A Quality Management Model for Secondary Schools” submitted by Hafiz Amanullah is accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Education Supervisor Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Adeeb External Examiner-I Prof. Dr. Umar Ali Khan Acting Vice Chancellor Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan External Examiner-II Prof. Dr. Ahmad Farooq Mash‟hdi Department of Education Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. Chairman Dr. Akhtar Ali Associate Professor Department of Education The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Date: 22-03-2016 iv DDeeddiiccaatteedd:: To the dearest, the tenderest and the sweetest ones whme prayers shelter and shadow me in the scorching sun of circumstances. Whose love and kindnes is everlasting and whose compan y ie the wealth and assets of my life whicl guide me towards the truth, reality and eternal moral values even in the darkness. The relation which has no alternative the world has ever produce The immortal relation of this mortal world. My Loving Parents v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise to Allah, the Most Beneficent and the Most Merciful. It is with great submission that I bow my head before Him for giving me the courage and fortitude to complete this research program in time. I offer my humblest words of thanks to the Holly Prophet (PBUH ), the city of knowledge, Who has guided humanity to seek knowledge from cradle to grave and Who is forever a torch of guidance and knowledge for humanity as a whole. First and foremost, I would like to express my immense heartiest gratitude to my worthy supervisor Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Adeeb, Dean Faculty of Education whose experience, noble guidance, kindness, tremendous cooperation, valuable comments, good suggestions and, keen interest in my studies enabled me to complete my research work successfully and provided me an opportunity to be what I am. As a mentor, his aspiration and ability to support me in whatever I needed were crucial to accomplish my task My deepest thanks also goes to all faculty members of the department, especially Dr. Akhtar Ali for their guidance and encouragement during my studies. I would take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all my senior PhD scholars for their valuable suggestions, guidance and time to time fruitful discussion. I felt it incomplete if I don‟t pay my fervent thanks and heartiest compliments to all of my class mates specially Muhammad Arshad, Miss Bushra Naureen, M. Shakir, Jam M. Zafar, Najamul Kashif.I cannot help thanking the earnest co-operation of M. Nawaz, M. Rafiq, Sarfraz Ali, Hafiz Habibullah, during my data collection. No, acknowledgement could ever adequately express my obligations to my affectionate and adoring parents whose hands always raised in prayers for me and without whose moral financial support, the present distinction would have merely be a dream. Finally I wish to express my deepest regards to my brothers and sisters and my life partner who managed all family affairs in my absence and cared my daughters Madeeha Aman and Aleeza Aman. At the end I must again appreciate Dr. M. Aslam Adeeb for motivating, inspiring and encouraging me to achieve this milestone of learning. Hafiz Amanullah vi CONTENTS Chapter No. Description Page No. CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Statement of the Problem 2 1.2 Objectives of the Study 3 1.3 Significance of the Study 3 1.4 Methodology 4 1.5 Definition of Terms 5 1.6 The Terms Synonymously Used 6 1.7 Structure of the Thesis 6 CHAPTER 2 8 REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE 8 2.1 Secondary Education 8 2.2 Historical Background of Secondary Education 9 2.2.1 Pre-Independence Period: (The Period of Muslim Rulers) 9 2.2.2 The Period of British Dominance 9 2.2.3 Post-Independence Period 10 2.3 Secondary Education in 21st Century 11 2.4 Secondary Education in Pakistan 12 2.5 Quality Education 14 2.5.1 Concept and Meaning 14 2.6 Quality Education in Global Perspective 18 2.7 Indicators of Quality Education 19 2.8 Educational Policies and Quality Education in Pakistan 22 2.9 Quality Management 25 2.9.1 Background 25 2.9.2 Concept and Meaning 26 2.10 Quality Management in Education and Application 26 2.11 Quality Management Models 28 2.11.1 Deming Model 28 2.11.2 Juran‟s Quality Management Model 30 2.11.3 Crosby‟s Total Quality Management Model 31 vii 2.11.4 Malcolm Baldrige Model 32 2.11.5 ISO 9000:2000 33 2.12 Review of Quality Management Models 35 2.13 Effectiveness of Quality Management in Education 39 2.14 Quality Assurance Agencies in Education 40 2.15 Role of Secondary School Head in Quality Management 40 2.16 Quality Management Practices (activities) 41 2.16.1 Task Related Practices 43 2.16.2 People Related Practices 43 2.16.3 Change Related Practices 43 2.17 Relevant Research Studies 43 CHAPTER 3 46 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 46 3.1 Population 46 3.2 Sampling 46 3.2.1 Sample 48 3.3 Research Instrument 49 3.3.1 Task related Practices 50 3.3.2 People Related Practices 50 3.3.3 Change Related Practices 51 3.4 Validation and Reliability of Research Instruments 51 3.5 Data Collection 52 3.6 Data Analysis 52 3.7 Development of Quality Management Model 53 CHAPTER 4 54 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 54 4.1 Part-1: General Information of Respondents 54 4.2 Part-2: Background of the Analysis 58 4.3 Task Related Practices 59 4.3.1 Planning Practices 59 4.3.2 Resource Management Practices 62 4.3.3 Practices of Creating Commitment 64 4.3.4 Managing Focus and Rollout 67 viii 4.3.5 Practices for System Alignment 70 4.3.6 Consistency Practices 73 4.4 People Related Practices 76 4.4.1 Leadership Practices 76 4.4.2 Decision Making Practices 79 4.4.3 Practices related to Communication 82 4.4.4 Development of Encouragement 85 4.4.5 Developing Coordination 89 4.4.6 Developing Cooperation 91 4.5 Change related Practices 94 4.5.1 Designing New Strategies 94 4.5.2 Risk Taking Practices 98 4.5.3 Promoting Totality of Practices 101 4.6 Task Related Practices Variable-wise 104 4.7 People Related Practices Variable-wise 105 4.8 Change Related Practices Variable-wise 106 4.9 Overall Practices 107 4.10 Part-3: Gaps between Existing and Desirable Quality Management Practices 108 4.10.1 Practices of Giving Importance to Planning 108 4.10.2 Resource Management Practices 110 4.10.3 Practices related to Commitment 111 4.10.4 Managing Focus and Rollout 112 4.10.5 Practices for System Alignment 114 4.10.6 Practices related to Consistency 116 4.10.7 Leadership Practices 118 4.10.8 Decision Making Practices 120 4.10.9 Practices related to Communication 122 4.10.10 Development of Encouragement 124 4.10.11 Developing Coordination 125 4.10.12 Developing Cooperation 127 4.10.13 Designing New Strategies 128 4.10.14 Risk Taking Practices 130 ix 4.10.15 Promoting Totality of Practices 132 CHAPTER 5 135 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 135 5.1 Summary 135 5.2 Results and Findings of the Study (Quantitative) 136 5.2.1 Importance to Planning Practices 136 5.2.2 Resource Management Practices 137 5.2.3 Practices of Creating Commitment 137 5.2.4 Managing Focus and Rollout 137 5.2.5 Practice for System Alignment 138 5.2.6 Consistency Practices 139 5.2.7 Leadership Practices 139 5.2.8 Decision Making Practices 140 5.2.9 Practices related to Communication

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