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CW Sediment Quality SC R P Assessment Es 9 Technical Support Manual tablished 196 Steven M. Bay Darrin J. Greenstein Ashley Parks David Gillett Wayne Lao Dario W. Diehl SCCWRP Technical Report #777 Sediment Quality Assessment Technical Support Manual Steven M. Bay, Darrin J. Greenstein, Ashley Parks, David Gillett, Wayne Lao, and Dario W. Diehl Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA Third Edition June 2021 Technical Report 777 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge the combined efforts of the many organizations and their staff that have worked cooperatively over the years to standardize and improve sediment quality assessment methods within California. Substantial portions of this document have drawn from the quality assurance plans and laboratory methods documents produced by these groups as part of various regional monitoring and assessment programs, such as the Bay Protection and Toxic Cleanup Program (BPTCP), San Francisco Bay Regional Monitoring Program (RMP), southern California Bight regional monitoring surveys, Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), and numerous compliance monitoring programs. The experience and results obtained from these programs have made a major contribution to the development of this manual. We also wish to thank the many scientists and environmental managers that have contributed to the development and review of the methods described here as part of the Sediment Quality Objectives (SQO) program; including members of the technical team, Advisory Committee, Agency Coordination Committee, and Scientific Steering Committee. Special thanks to staff of the San Francisco Estuary Institute (Bruce Thompson, Sarah Lowe, and others) for contributions to all aspects of this program, Peggy Myre (Exa Data and Mapping) for data management support, Jay Field (NOAA) for development of the CA LRM, Brian Anderson and other staff of the UC Davis Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory for toxicity method development, and to members of the SQO benthic index development workgroup. Kerry Ritter (SCCWRP) and Bob Smith (deceased) provided much of the statistical analyses for development of the CSI and index interpretation thresholds included in this manual. Special thanks to Marcus Beck for development of the online human health SQO assessment tool. Chris Beegan (State Water Board) provided essential guidance and input throughout this project as program manager for the Water Board. The authors also thank SCCWRP staff for their contributions and review of this document: Keith Maruya, Doris Vidal-Dorsch, Diana Young, Monica Mays, Jackson Gross, Larry Cooper, and Shelly Moore. Thanks to Scott Martindale for technical editing and production assistance of the revised version. The authors would also like to thank the many individuals from numerous agencies who provided comments during the review process for this document. This study was funded in part by the State Water Board (SWRCB) through agreements 01-274- 250-0 and 17-052-250. i PREFACE The incorporation of sediment quality objectives into the State Water Board’s water quality policy represents a major development in the application of sediment quality assessment for regulatory programs. Previously, the methods and data interpretation process for sediment monitoring data has been variable due to the lack of statewide objectives and variable data interpretation methods. The goal of this document is to help organizations make the transition to the new or revised methods specified in the new policy by providing information on methods and data interpretation. This manual has been developed to assist organizations in implementing the new methods. While much effort has been devoted to checking the information for accuracy, this manual may undergo revision because of feedback from other organizations. The reader is encouraged to check the Water Board’s sediment quality objectives web page and the SCCWRP sediment quality assessment web pages for future revisions to this document. This information in this document is intended to provide end users with guidance for application of the assessment tools for protection of aquatic life described in the State Water Board’s Water Quality Control Plan for Enclosed Bays and Estuaries - Part 1 Sediment Quality. This third edition of the technical support manual includes updates of the Aquatic Life SQO assessment framework and the addition of tools and recommendations for the Human Health SQO assessment framework, as adopted by Water Board actions in 2018. This document consists of recommended approaches and does not represent regulation or direction from the State Water Board. ii LIST OF ACRONYMS AET Apparent Effects Threshold ALSQO Aquatic Life Sediment Quality Objective AMBI AZTI Marine Biotic Index ASE Accelerated Solvent Extraction ATL Advisory Tissue Level BPTCP Bay Protection and Toxic Cleanup Program BRI Benthic Response Index BSAF Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor CA LRM California Logistic Regression Model CASQO California Sediment Quality Objectives CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife COC Chain of Custody CRM Certified Reference Material CSI Chemical Score Index CSM Conceptual Site Model DCM Dichloromethane DI De-ionized DQO Data Quality Objective DNQ Data Not Quantifiable DST Decision Support Tool EC50 Effective Concentration, half maximal EMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program EPA Environmental Protection Agency FCG Fish Contaminant Goal GC-ECD Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector GC-MS Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GIS Geographical Information System GPS Global Positioning System HDPE High Density Polyethylene HHSQO Human Health Sediment Quality Objective HPAH High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon HR Home Range IBI Index of Biotic Integrity ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ICZN International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry LDPE Low Density Polyethylene LOE Line of Evidence LPAH Low Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon M-AMBI Multivariate AMBI MCS Monte Carlo Simulation MDL Method Detection Limit MLOE Multiple Lines of Evidence MSD Minimum Significant Difference ND Non-Detect iii NIT Negative Indicator Taxa NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration O/E Observed/Expected OEHHA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl PDMS Polydimethylsiloxane PE Polyethylene PED Polyethylene Device PIT Positive Indicator Taxa PNA Percent Normal-Alive ppb parts per billion ppt parts per thousand PRC Performance Reference Compound PSD Passive Sampling Device PTFE Polytetrafluroethane QA Quality Assurance QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control QC Quality Control RBI Relative Benthic Index RIVPACS River Invertebrate Prediction and Classification System RL Reporting Limit RMP Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Estuary RPD Relative Percent Difference SAS Statistical Analysis System SCAMIT Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists SCCWRP Southern California Coastal Water Research Project SWAMP Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program SIM Selected Ion Monitoring SOP Standard Operating Procedure SQGs Sediment Quality Guidelines SQO Sediment Quality Objective SPMD Semipermeable Membrane Device SPME Solid Phase Microextraction SRM Standard Reference Material SWI Sediment-Water Interface SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board TIE Toxicity Identification Evaluation TOC Total Organic Carbon TMDL Total Maximum Daily Loads TWV Taxa Richness Weighted Value UCL Upper Confidence Limit USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................i Preface ....................................................................................................................................... ii List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................v List of Figures .............................................................................................................................x List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. xi Section I: Background and Conceptual Approach ...................................................................... 1 Background ............................................................................................................................ 1 Scope of the Manual .............................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 1: Conceptual Approaches........................................................................................ 4 Conceptual Approach for Aquatic Life SQO Assessment ................................................... 4 Conceptual Approach for Human Health SQO Assessment ............................................... 6 Organization of the Manual ...............................................................................................10 Section II:
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