Dynamic Analysis of Malicious Code
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A Compiler-Level Intermediate Representation Based Binary Analysis and Rewriting System
A Compiler-level Intermediate Representation based Binary Analysis and Rewriting System Kapil Anand Matthew Smithson Khaled Elwazeer Aparna Kotha Jim Gruen Nathan Giles Rajeev Barua University of Maryland, College Park {kapil,msmithso,wazeer,akotha,jgruen,barua}@umd.edu Abstract 1. Introduction This paper presents component techniques essential for con- In recent years, there has been a tremendous amount of ac- verting executables to a high-level intermediate representa- tivity in executable-level research targeting varied applica- tion (IR) of an existing compiler. The compiler IR is then tions such as security vulnerability analysis [13, 37], test- employed for three distinct applications: binary rewriting us- ing [17], and binary optimizations [30, 35]. In spite of a sig- ing the compiler’s binary back-end, vulnerability detection nificant overlap in the overall goals of various source-code using source-level symbolic execution, and source-code re- methods and executable-level techniques, several analyses covery using the compiler’s C backend. Our techniques en- and sophisticated transformations that are well-understood able complex high-level transformations not possible in ex- and implemented in source-level infrastructures have yet to isting binary systems, address a major challenge of input- become available in executable frameworks. Many of the derived memory addresses in symbolic execution and are the executable-level tools suggest new techniques for perform- first to enable recovery of a fully functional source-code. ing elementary source-level tasks. For example, PLTO [35] We present techniques to segment the flat address space in proposes a custom alias analysis technique to implement a an executable containing undifferentiated blocks of memory. -
Toward IFVM Virtual Machine: a Model Driven IFML Interpretation
Toward IFVM Virtual Machine: A Model Driven IFML Interpretation Sara Gotti and Samir Mbarki MISC Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco Keywords: Interaction Flow Modelling Language IFML, Model Execution, Unified Modeling Language (UML), IFML Execution, Model Driven Architecture MDA, Bytecode, Virtual Machine, Model Interpretation, Model Compilation, Platform Independent Model PIM, User Interfaces, Front End. Abstract: UML is the first international modeling language standardized since 1997. It aims at providing a standard way to visualize the design of a system, but it can't model the complex design of user interfaces and interactions. However, according to MDA approach, it is necessary to apply the concept of abstract models to user interfaces too. IFML is the OMG adopted (in March 2013) standard Interaction Flow Modeling Language designed for abstractly expressing the content, user interaction and control behaviour of the software applications front-end. IFML is a platform independent language, it has been designed with an executable semantic and it can be mapped easily into executable applications for various platforms and devices. In this article we present an approach to execute the IFML. We introduce a IFVM virtual machine which translate the IFML models into bytecode that will be interpreted by the java virtual machine. 1 INTRODUCTION a fundamental standard fUML (OMG, 2011), which is a subset of UML that contains the most relevant The software development has been affected by the part of class diagrams for modeling the data apparition of the MDA (OMG, 2015) approach. The structure and activity diagrams to specify system trend of the 21st century (BRAMBILLA et al., behavior; it contains all UML elements that are 2014) which has allowed developers to build their helpful for the execution of the models. -
Coqjvm: an Executable Specification of the Java Virtual Machine Using
CoqJVM: An Executable Specification of the Java Virtual Machine using Dependent Types Robert Atkey LFCS, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK [email protected] Abstract. We describe an executable specification of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) within the Coq proof assistant. The principal features of the development are that it is executable, meaning that it can be tested against a real JVM to gain confidence in the correctness of the specification; and that it has been written with heavy use of dependent types, this is both to structure the model in a useful way, and to constrain the model to prevent spurious partiality. We describe the structure of the formalisation and the way in which we have used dependent types. 1 Introduction Large scale formalisations of programming languages and systems in mechanised theorem provers have recently become popular [4–6, 9]. In this paper, we describe a formalisation of the Java virtual machine (JVM) [8] in the Coq proof assistant [11]. The principal features of this formalisation are that it is executable, meaning that a purely functional JVM can be extracted from the Coq development and – with some O’Caml glue code – executed on real Java bytecode output from the Java compiler; and that it is structured using dependent types. The motivation for this development is to act as a basis for certified consumer- side Proof-Carrying Code (PCC) [12]. We aim to prove the soundness of program logics and correctness of proof checkers against the model, and extract the proof checkers to produce certified stand-alone tools. -
F-Secure Anti-Virus for Microsoft Exchange
F-Secure Anti-Virus for Microsoft Exchange Administrator’s Guide "F-Secure" and the triangle symbol are registered trademarks of F-Secure Corporation and F-Secure product names and symbols/logos are either trademarks or registered trademarks of F-Secure Corporation. All product names referenced herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. F-Secure Corporation disclaims proprietary interest in the marks and names of others. Although F-Secure Corporation makes every effort to ensure that this information is accurate, F-Secure Corporation will not be liable for any errors or omission of facts contained herein. F-Secure Corporation reserves the right to modify specifications cited in this document without prior notice. Companies, names and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of F-Secure Corporation. Copyright © 1993-2008 F-Secure Corporation. All rights reserved. Portions Copyright © 1991-2006 Kaspersky Lab. This product includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http:// www.apache.org/). Copyright © 2000-2006 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. This product includes PHP, freely available from http://www.php.net/. Copyright © 1999-2006 The PHP Group. All rights reserved. This product includes code from SpamAssassin. The code in the files of the SpamAssassin distribution are Copyright © 2000-2002 Justin Mason and others, unless specified otherwise in that particular file. All files in the SpamAssassin distribution fall under the same terms as Perl itself, as described in the “Artistic License”. -
An Executable Intermediate Representation for Retargetable Compilation and High-Level Code Optimization
An Executable Intermediate Representation for Retargetable Compilation and High-Level Code Optimization Rainer Leupers, Oliver Wahlen, Manuel Hohenauer, Tim Kogel Peter Marwedel Aachen University of Technology (RWTH) University of Dortmund Integrated Signal Processing Systems Dept. of Computer Science 12 Aachen, Germany Dortmund, Germany Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Abstract— Due to fast time-to-market and IP reuse require- potential parallelism and which are the usual input format for ments, an increasing amount of the functionality of embedded code generation and scheduling algorithms. HW/SW systems is implemented in software. As a consequence, For the purpose of hardware synthesis from C, the IR software programming languages like C play an important role in system specification, design, and validation. Besides many other generation can be viewed as a specification refinement that advantages, the C language offers executable specifications, with lowers an initially high-level specification in order to get clear semantics and high simulation speed. However, virtually closer to the final implementation, while retaining the original any tool operating on C specifications has to convert C sources semantics. We will explain later, how this refinement step can into some intermediate representation (IR), during which the be validated. executability is normally lost. In order to overcome this problem, this paper describes a novel IR format, called IR-C, for the use However, the executability of C, which is one of its major in C based design tools, which combines the simplicity of three advantages, is usually lost after an IR has been generated. address code with the executability of C. -
FEATURE RESCUE ME 2: DISINFECTION Some Recovery Solutions Can Be Started from the Installation CD, While Others Need to Be Created Manually
VIRUS BULLETIN www.virusbtn.com FEATURE RESCUE ME 2: DISINFECTION Some recovery solutions can be started from the installation CD, while others need to be created manually. This may call WITH BOOTABLE RESCUE MEDIA for up to nine disks in the case of Norton AntiVirus or a Andreas Marx single CD-R/RW in the case of G Data AntiVirusKit (AVK). AV-Test.org, Germany Here, the CD image with up-to-date signatures is created using Mkisofs and burned using Cdrecord, both of which are available as free software for Windows (see These days, it is not an uncommon occurrence for a PC to http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/ become infected by a virus or worm, or for a backdoor to joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html). Maybe we will see be installed on one’s PC – at the time of writing, for rescue USB sticks in the not too distant future. example, Trend Micro’s free online virus scanner has found more than 1.6 million PCs infected with W32/Mydoom.A. Today’s rescue solutions can be classified into three main categories: DOS, Linux and Windows (PE)-based. In most There is, and there always will be a time delay between the cases, NTFS is supported only in read-only mode. initial detection of a worm and the release of anti-virus definition updates (see VB, February 2004, p.4). Heuristics and the generic proactive malware detection techniques DOS-BASED SOLUTIONS used by anti-virus products do not always work – for Most rescue media, like those from Grisoft AVG, Command example, no AV scanner was able to detect W32/Sober.C or AntiVirus, Computer Associates eTrust, McAfee VirusScan W32/Mydoom.A without updated signatures. -
Devpartner Advanced Error Detection Techniques Guide
DevPartner® Advanced Error Detection Techniques Release 8.1 Technical support is available from our Technical Support Hotline or via our FrontLine Support Web site. Technical Support Hotline: 1-800-538-7822 FrontLine Support Web Site: http://frontline.compuware.com This document and the product referenced in it are subject to the following legends: Access is limited to authorized users. Use of this product is subject to the terms and conditions of the user’s License Agreement with Compuware Corporation. © 2006 Compuware Corporation. All rights reserved. Unpublished - rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States. U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in Compuware Corporation license agreement and as provided in DFARS 227.7202-1(a) and 227.7202-3(a) (1995), DFARS 252.227-7013(c)(1)(ii)(OCT 1988), FAR 12.212(a) (1995), FAR 52.227-19, or FAR 52.227-14 (ALT III), as applicable. Compuware Corporation. This product contains confidential information and trade secrets of Com- puware Corporation. Use, disclosure, or reproduction is prohibited with- out the prior express written permission of Compuware Corporation. DevPartner® Studio, BoundsChecker, FinalCheck and ActiveCheck are trademarks or registered trademarks of Compuware Corporation. Acrobat® Reader copyright © 1987-2003 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. Adobe, Acrobat, and Acrobat Reader are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. All other company or product names are trademarks of their respective owners. US Patent Nos.: 5,987,249, 6,332,213, 6,186,677, 6,314,558, and 6,016,466 April 14, 2006 Table of Contents Preface Who Should Read This Manual . -
Combating Spyware in the Enterprise.Pdf
www.dbebooks.com - Free Books & magazines Visit us at www.syngress.com Syngress is committed to publishing high-quality books for IT Professionals and delivering those books in media and formats that fit the demands of our cus- tomers. We are also committed to extending the utility of the book you purchase via additional materials available from our Web site. SOLUTIONS WEB SITE To register your book, visit www.syngress.com/solutions. Once registered, you can access our [email protected] Web pages. There you will find an assortment of value-added features such as free e-booklets related to the topic of this book, URLs of related Web site, FAQs from the book, corrections, and any updates from the author(s). ULTIMATE CDs Our Ultimate CD product line offers our readers budget-conscious compilations of some of our best-selling backlist titles in Adobe PDF form. These CDs are the perfect way to extend your reference library on key topics pertaining to your area of exper- tise, including Cisco Engineering, Microsoft Windows System Administration, CyberCrime Investigation, Open Source Security, and Firewall Configuration, to name a few. DOWNLOADABLE EBOOKS For readers who can’t wait for hard copy, we offer most of our titles in download- able Adobe PDF form. These eBooks are often available weeks before hard copies, and are priced affordably. SYNGRESS OUTLET Our outlet store at syngress.com features overstocked, out-of-print, or slightly hurt books at significant savings. SITE LICENSING Syngress has a well-established program for site licensing our ebooks onto servers in corporations, educational institutions, and large organizations. -
Procurve Network Access Controller 800
ProCurve Network Access Controller 800 The ProCurve Network Access Controller (NAC) 800 combines a RADIUS- based authentication server and the ability to validate the integrity of the systems connecting to the network, allowing network administrators to secure the network from unauthorized users and systems that pose a threat to the network resources. ProCurve Network Access Controller 800 (J9065A) ProCurve Network Access Controller 800 Features and benefits Resiliency and high availability Management • Enforcement server resiliency and redundancy: enable high network availability • Centralized endpoint policy management: for mission-critical LAN deployments; endpoint testing policies are centrally enforcement servers continue to provide managed by a single management server and authentication and endpoint testing services in shared by up to ten enforcement servers the absence of a management server and can be configured in clusters to provide • Administration console: a Web-based console redundancy and load-balancing for endpoint provides an easy-to-use interface for testing configuring endpoint policies and enforcement clusters as well as a dashboard-style interface Security for viewing the status of endpoint integrity testing • Built-in RADIUS server: can perform authentication services or act as a proxy server • Default testing policies: default testing for a remote RADIUS authentication service policies provide a great starting point for endpoint testing and can be easily utilized as • Supports standard-based or a local the basis -
The Concept of Dynamic Analysis
The Concept of Dynamic Analysis Thomas Ball Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies [email protected] Abstract. Dynamic analysis is the analysis of the properties of a run- ning program. In this paper, we explore two new dynamic analyses based on program profiling: - Frequency Spectrum Analysis. We show how analyzing the frequen- cies of program entities in a single execution can help programmers to decompose a program, identify related computations, and find computations related to specific input and output characteristics of a program. - Coverage Concept Analysis. Concept analysis of test coverage data computes dynamic analogs to static control flow relationships such as domination, postdomination, and regions. Comparison of these dynamically computed relationships to their static counterparts can point to areas of code requiring more testing and can aid program- mers in understanding how a program and its test sets relate to one another. 1 Introduction Dynamic analysis is the analysis of the properties of a running program. In contrast to static analysis, which examines a program’s text to derive properties that hold for all executions, dynamic analysis derives properties that hold for one or more executions by examination of the running program (usually through program instrumentation [14]). While dynamic analysis cannot prove that a program satisfies a particular property, it can detect violations of properties as well as provide useful information to programmers about the behavior of their programs, as this paper will show. The usefulness of dynamic analysis derives from two of its essential charac- teristics: - Precision of information: dynamic analysis typically involves instrumenting a program to examine or record certain aspects of its run-time state. -
Contents in This Issue
DECEMBER 2003 The International Publication on Computer Virus Prevention, Recognition and Removal CONTENTS IN THIS ISSUE 2 COMMENT THE CAT’S OUT OF The risks of spam filtering THE BAG Since the close of VB2003 in 3 NEWS Toronto the cat has been clawing at the bag trying to Season’s greetings get out. This month moggie makes a bid for VB2004: location, location, location freedom as we announce the location of VB2004 … Virus writers elusive in US cybercrime sweep page 3 SOBERING STUFF 3 VIRUS PREVALENCE TABLE W32/Sober uses some cunning tricks to make both detection and disinfection rather tricky. With this in 4 VIRUS ANALYSIS mind, Andreas Marx tested nine disinfection tools to It’s in the (Smi)bag! see how well they cleaned up after the virus. The results were sobering. page 7 FEATURES 7 The Sober effect: disinfection disasters DIVERSITY – THE SPICE OF LIFE? 9 Microsoft, monopolies and migraines: In biological systems diversity is the key to stability the role of monoculture and survivability, but does the same apply to computer systems? Richard Ford undertakes a 12 OPINION scientific investigation of monoculture. page 9 ‘It’s life Jim, but not as we know it!’ page 9 14 PRODUCT REVIEW F-Prot Antivirus for Linux Mail Servers 4.3.1 19 CALL FOR PAPERS VB2004 call for papers In this month’s VB Spam Supplement Neil 20 END NOTES & NEWS Schwartzman takes an in-depth look at a new open source initiative, the DNS protocol known as SPF. ISSN 0956-9979 COMMENT ‘Perhaps with some thought and So spam can now take its place beside malware in the catalog of computer security threats. -
Anti-Executable Standard User Guide 2 |
| 1 Anti-Executable Standard User Guide 2 | Last modified: October, 2015 © 1999 - 2015 Faronics Corporation. All rights reserved. Faronics, Deep Freeze, Faronics Core Console, Faronics Anti-Executable, Faronics Device Filter, Faronics Power Save, Faronics Insight, Faronics System Profiler, and WINSelect are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Faronics Corporation. All other company and product names are trademarks of their respective owners. Anti-Executable Standard User Guide | 3 Contents Preface . 5 Important Information. 6 About Faronics . 6 Product Documentation . 6 Technical Support . 7 Contact Information. 7 Definition of Terms . 8 Introduction . 10 Anti-Executable Overview . 11 About Anti-Executable . 11 Anti-Executable Editions. 11 System Requirements . 12 Anti-Executable Licensing . 13 Installing Anti-Executable . 15 Installation Overview. 16 Installing Anti-Executable Standard. 17 Accessing Anti-Executable Standard . 20 Using Anti-Executable . 21 Overview . 22 Configuring Anti-Executable . 23 Status Tab . 24 Verifying Product Information . 24 Enabling Anti-Executable Protection. 24 Anti-Executable Maintenance Mode . 25 Execution Control List Tab . 26 Users Tab. 27 Adding an Anti-Executable Administrator or Trusted User . 27 Removing an Anti-Executable Administrator or Trusted User . 28 Enabling Anti-Executable Passwords . 29 Temporary Execution Mode Tab. 30 Activating or Deactivating Temporary Execution Mode . 30 Setup Tab . 32 Setting Event Logging in Anti-Executable . 32 Monitor DLL Execution . 32 Monitor JAR Execution . 32 Anti-Executable Stealth Functionality . 33 Compatibility Options. 33 Customizing Alerts. 34 Report Tab . 35 Uninstalling Anti-Executable . 37 Uninstalling Anti-Executable Standard . 38 Anti-Executable Standard User Guide 4 | Contents Anti-Executable Standard User Guide |5 Preface Faronics Anti-Executable is a solution that ensures endpoint security by only permitting approved executables to run on a workstation or server.